WO2022086247A1 - 이차전지용 건식 전극을 제조하기 위한 전극용 분체, 이의 제조방법, 이를 사용한 건식 전극의 제조방법, 건식 전극, 이를 포함하는 이차전지, 에너지 저장장치, 및 건식 전극 제조장치 - Google Patents
이차전지용 건식 전극을 제조하기 위한 전극용 분체, 이의 제조방법, 이를 사용한 건식 전극의 제조방법, 건식 전극, 이를 포함하는 이차전지, 에너지 저장장치, 및 건식 전극 제조장치 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022086247A1 WO2022086247A1 PCT/KR2021/014864 KR2021014864W WO2022086247A1 WO 2022086247 A1 WO2022086247 A1 WO 2022086247A1 KR 2021014864 W KR2021014864 W KR 2021014864W WO 2022086247 A1 WO2022086247 A1 WO 2022086247A1
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- electrode
- powder
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- dry electrode
- manufacturing
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
- H01M4/0435—Rolling or calendering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
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- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrode powder for manufacturing a dry electrode for a secondary battery, a manufacturing method thereof, a manufacturing method for a dry electrode using the same, a dry electrode, a secondary battery including the same, an energy storage device, and an apparatus for manufacturing a dry electrode.
- a secondary battery is a representative example of an electrochemical device using such electrochemical energy, and its use area is gradually expanding.
- a typical lithium secondary battery is not only an energy source for mobile devices, but also electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles that can replace vehicles using fossil fuels such as gasoline vehicles and diesel vehicles, which are one of the main causes of air pollution. Its use as a power source for automobiles is being realized, and its use area is also expanding for purposes such as electric power auxiliary power through grid formation.
- the manufacturing process of such a lithium secondary battery is largely divided into three steps: an electrode process, an assembly process, and a chemical conversion process.
- the electrode process is again divided into an active material mixing process, an electrode coating process, a drying process, a rolling process, a slitting process, a winding process, and the like.
- the active material mixing process is a process of mixing a coating material for forming an electrode active layer in which an actual electrochemical reaction occurs in the electrode.
- a coating material for forming an electrode active layer in which an actual electrochemical reaction occurs in the electrode.
- a conductive material for binding and adhesion to the current collector, and a solvent for imparting viscosity and dispersing powder.
- the composition mixed to form the electrode active layer is also referred to as an electrode mixture in a broad sense.
- an electrode coating process of applying the electrode mixture on an electrically conductive current collector and a drying process for removing the solvent contained in the electrode mixture are performed, and the electrode is additionally rolled and manufactured to a predetermined thickness.
- the solvent contained in the electrode mixture evaporates during the drying process, defects such as pinholes or cracks may be induced in the pre-formed electrode active layer.
- the powder floating phenomenon due to the difference in solvent evaporation rate that is, the powder in the area to be dried first rises and forms a gap with the area to be dried relatively later, resulting in electrode quality This may be lowered.
- a drying device capable of controlling the evaporation rate of the solvent while allowing the inside and outside of the active layer to be dried uniformly is being considered, but these drying devices are very expensive and require considerable cost and time to operate.
- these drying devices are very expensive and require considerable cost and time to operate.
- the dry electrode is generally manufactured by laminating a free-standing film prepared in the form of a film, including an active material, a binder, a conductive material, and the like, on a current collector.
- an active material, a carbon material as a conductive material, and a fibrous binder are mixed together with a blender or the like, and the binder is subjected to a high shear mixing process such as jet-milling. After fiberizing, this mixture is calendered in the form of a film to prepare a free-standing film. Then, it is prepared by laminating the free-standing film prepared after the calender on the current collector.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a powder for a dry electrode that minimizes pulverization of an active material and maximizes binder fiberization and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a dry electrode that is easy to mass-produce while improving the mechanical performance of the electrode by including the same.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a dry electrode manufactured by the above manufacturing method, a secondary battery including the same, and an apparatus for manufacturing the dry electrode.
- a powder for an electrode of the following embodiment is provided.
- the powder includes an active material, a conductive material, and a binder,
- An electrode powder having a specific resistance of 700 ⁇ cm or less when pressurized at a pressure of 50 MPa is provided.
- a method of manufacturing the powder for an electrode according to the first embodiment comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a mixture including an active material, a conductive material, and a binder; (b) preparing a mass of a mixture by kneading the mixture under a pressure in the range of 70° C. to 200° C. and at least atmospheric pressure in order to form the binder into fibers; (c) pulverizing the mixture mass to obtain an electrode powder;
- the conductive material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, graphite, carbon black, and carbon nanotubes.
- the binder may include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyolefin, or a mixture thereof.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the kneading in step (b) may be performed for 1 minute to 30 minutes at a speed of 10 rpm to 100 rpm.
- the kneading in step (b) is performed at a shear rate of 10/s to 500/s for 1 minute to 30 minutes. can be performed while
- step (b) may be performed at 90°C to 180°C.
- the kneading in step (b) may be performed under a pressure of 1 atm to 60 atm.
- the grinding in step (c) may be performed at a speed of 500 rpm to 20000 rpm for 30 seconds to 10 minutes.
- the pulverized powder for electrodes is It may further include the step of classifying.
- a method for manufacturing a dry electrode of the following embodiment there is provided a method for manufacturing a dry electrode of the following embodiment.
- a method for manufacturing a dry electrode comprising: (d) preparing a mixture film by calendering the electrode powder of any one of the second to tenth embodiments; and (e) placing the mixture film on at least one surface of the current collector and laminating the same.
- the mixture film may have a porosity of 20 to 35%.
- the bending resistance of the dry electrode may be less than 10 mm pi ( ⁇ ).
- the loading amount of the active material of the mixture film may be 3mAh/cm 2 to 15mAh/cm 2 .
- the interfacial resistance between the mixture film and the current collector may be 5 ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- a conductive primer may be entirely or partially coated on the current collector.
- a dry electrode manufactured by the manufacturing method of any one of the eleventh to sixteenth embodiments is provided.
- Electrode current collector and a mixture film positioned on the electrode current collector and including an active material, a conductive material, and a binder;
- a dry electrode having a flex resistance of less than 10 mm pi (?) is provided.
- the dry electrode may have a bending resistance of 2 to 8 mm pi ( ⁇ ).
- the bending resistance of the dry electrode can be evaluated according to the measurement standard JIS K5600-5-1 method.
- Measuring rods each having a diameter of 2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,16,20,25,32mm are prepared, and the electrode sample is measured using the measuring rod with the largest diameter among them. Determining whether cracks occur in the film mixture of the electrode sample when both ends of the electrode sample are lifted after making contact with the electrode sample;
- the crack of the mixture film of the electrode sample is repeated. It can be evaluated through the step of determining the minimum diameter value of the measuring rod, which does not occur, as the bending resistance.
- the porosity of the mixture film may be 20 to 35%.
- the loading amount of the active material of the mixture film may be 3mAh/cm 2 to 15mAh/cm 2 .
- the interfacial resistance between the mixture film and the current collector may be 5 ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- a conductive primer may be entirely or partially coated on the current collector.
- a secondary battery comprising the dry electrode according to any one of the 17th to 25th embodiments, wherein the dry electrode is a positive electrode, and the electrode assembly including the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator is a lithium-containing non-aqueous electrolyte There is provided a secondary battery embedded in the battery case together with the battery.
- an energy storage device of the following embodiments there is provided an energy storage device of the following embodiments.
- An energy storage device including the secondary battery of the 26th embodiment as a unit cell is provided.
- an apparatus for manufacturing a dry electrode of the following embodiment there is provided an apparatus for manufacturing a dry electrode of the following embodiment.
- An apparatus for manufacturing a dry electrode comprising: a blender for mixing raw materials for a mixture including an active material, a conductive material, and a binder; In order to fiberize the binder, a kneader for kneading the mixture to prepare a mixture mass; a pulverizer for pulverizing the mixture mass to form powder for an electrode; a calender for forming the electrode powder into a mixture film; and a lamination roll for placing and laminating the mixture film on at least one surface of the current collector.
- the kneader may be set to a pressure condition in the range of 70° C. to 200° C., and above atmospheric pressure.
- the present invention by introducing a pulverization process after a high-temperature and low-shear mixing process instead of a high-shear mixing process, it is possible to minimize the pulverization of the active material, maximize the binder fiberization, and minimize the cutting of the fiberized binder.
- 1 is a flowchart of a conventional method for manufacturing a dry electrode for a secondary battery.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a dry electrode for a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Example 3 is a SEM photograph of the electrode powder of Example 1 according to Experimental Example 1 of the present invention.
- a film-forming electrode powder for manufacturing a dry electrode for a secondary battery As a film-forming electrode powder for manufacturing a dry electrode for a secondary battery,
- the powder includes an active material, a conductive material, and a binder,
- An electrode powder having a specific resistance of 700 ⁇ cm or less when pressurized at a pressure of 50 MPa is provided.
- the powder for an electrode according to the present invention can be manufactured by a new manufacturing method to be described later, so that the generation of fine powder can be minimized. .
- the specific resistance is measured by measuring the resistance after putting 2 g of electrode powder in a ceramic container with a diameter of 22 mm with a four-point probe embedded in the bottom, and pressing with a force of 2000 kgf, that is, approximately 50 MPa, and the thickness of the pressurized electrode powder It can be calculated by multiplying
- a method of manufacturing the powder for an electrode comprising: (a) preparing a mixture including an active material, a conductive material, and a binder; (b) preparing a mass of the mixture by kneading the mixture under a pressure in the range of 70° C. to 200° C. and at least atmospheric pressure in order to form the binder into fibers; and (c) pulverizing the mass of the mixture to obtain powder for an electrode.
- a method of manufacturing a dry electrode using the electrode powder comprising: (d) preparing a mixture film by calendering the electrode powder; and (e) placing the mixture film on at least one surface of the current collector and laminating the film to prepare a dry electrode.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a method for manufacturing a dry electrode including a method for manufacturing an electrode powder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a mixture including an active material, a conductive material, and a binder is prepared.
- the mixing for preparing the mixture is performed so that the active material, the conductive material, and the binder are uniformly distributed, and is mixed in a powder form, so it is not limited as long as it enables simple mixing thereof, and various methods can be mixed by
- the mixing since the present application is manufactured as a dry electrode that does not use a solvent, the mixing may be performed by dry mixing or by adding the materials to a device such as a blender or a supermixer.
- the mixing may be prepared by mixing in a mixer at 5000 rpm to 20000 rpm for 30 seconds to 20 minutes, specifically, at 10000 rpm to 15000 rpm for 30 seconds to 5 minutes to ensure uniformity.
- the dry electrode may be a positive electrode
- the active material may be a positive electrode active material
- the dry electrode may be a negative electrode
- the active material may be a negative electrode active material
- the negative active material may include carbon such as non-graphitizable carbon and graphitic carbon; Li x Fe 2 O 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Li x WO 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Sn x Me 1-x Me' y O z (Me: Mn, Fe, Pb, Ge; Me' : metal composite oxides such as Al, B, P, Si, elements of Groups 1, 2, and 3 of the periodic table, halogen; 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1;1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3;1 ⁇ z ⁇ 8); lithium metal; lithium alloy; silicon-based alloys; tin-based alloys; silicon-based oxides such as SiO, SiO/C, and SiO 2 ; SnO, SnO 2 , PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 4 , Sb 2 O 5 , GeO, GeO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 4 , and metal oxides such as Bi 2
- the dry electrode may be a positive electrode
- the active material may be, in detail, a positive electrode active material, and more specifically, lithium transition metal oxide, lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide, lithium nickel- It may be an oxide in which the manganese-cobalt oxide is partially substituted with another transition metal, lithium iron phosphate, or the like.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery.
- graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite
- carbon black such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and summer black
- conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers
- metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder
- conductive whiskeys such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate
- conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide
- a conductive material such as a polyphenylene derivative may be used, but specifically, for uniform mixing of the conductive material and improvement of conductivity, one selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, graphite, carbon black, and carbon nanotubes It may include more than one species, and more specifically, it may include activated carbon.
- the binder may include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyolefin, or a mixture thereof, and specifically, may include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), more specifically may be polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) may be included in an amount of 60 wt% or more based on the total weight of the binder.
- the binder may further include polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP).
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVdF-HFP polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene
- the mixing ratio of the active material, the conductive material, and the binder may be 80 to 98 wt%: 0.5 to 10 wt%: 0.5 to 10 wt% of the active material: conductive material: binder, and specifically, 85 to 98 wt% Weight%: 0.5 to 5% by weight: may be included in 0.5 to 10% by weight.
- the binder is excessively fibrous in the subsequent kneading process, and the process may be affected. It may not be possible, or it may be difficult to manufacture the mixture film, or there may be a problem in that the physical properties of the mixture film are deteriorated.
- the capacity reduction problem may occur due to a relatively reduced content of the active material, or the physical properties of the mixture film may be deteriorated. If the content is too small, sufficient conductivity may be secured. Without it, it is not preferable.
- a filler which is a component that inhibits the expansion of the electrode, may be additionally added to the mixture, and the filler is not particularly limited as long as it is a fibrous material without causing a chemical change in the battery.
- olipine polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene
- a fibrous material such as glass fiber or carbon fiber is used.
- the kneading is not limited, but may be performed, for example, through a kneader such as a kneader.
- This kneading is a step of forming a mass of a mixture having a solid content of 100% by combining or connecting the active material and the conductive material powder while the binder is fibrous.
- the kneading of step (b) may be performed for 1 minute to 30 minutes at a speed of 10 rpm to 100 rpm, and specifically, may be performed for 3 minutes to 7 minutes at a speed of 25 rpm to 50 rpm, at this time, shear
- the rate may be in the range of 10/s to 500/s for 1 minute to 30 minutes.
- the shear rate more specifically, may be performed in the range of 30/s to 100/s.
- this kneading step may be performed under high temperature and pressure conditions higher than atmospheric pressure, and more specifically, may be performed under pressure conditions higher than atmospheric pressure.
- the kneading may be performed in the range of 70°C to 200°C, specifically, 90°C to 180°C, or 90°C to 150°C.
- the intended effect of the present invention can be achieved.
- the step of obtaining powder for an electrode is performed by pulverizing the mixture mass prepared through the kneading step again.
- the mass of the mixture prepared through the kneading may be calendered directly, but in this case, it may be necessary to prepare a thin film by pressing the mass of the mixture at strong pressure and high temperature, and accordingly, the density of the film is too high or Since there may be a problem that a uniform film cannot be obtained, according to the present invention, the prepared mixture mass is subjected to the pulverization step.
- the pulverization is not limited, but may be performed with a blender, or may be performed with a grinder such as a cutter mill or a fine impact mill, and the pulverization is specifically, at a speed of 500 rpm to 20000 rpm for 30 seconds to 10 minutes, Specifically, it may be performed for 30 seconds to 1 minute at a speed of 1000 rpm to 10000 rpm.
- the method may further include classifying the pulverized powder for electrodes.
- the pulverized electrode powder can be obtained by filtering the electrode powder over a certain size using a mesh having pores of a certain size or less.
- electrode powder is produced. Thereafter, using this powder for an electrode, a dry electrode is manufactured.
- a step of preparing a mixture film is performed.
- This calendering is to process the powder for the electrode into a film form, and for example, may be a step of manufacturing the electrode powder by rolling it into a film form to have an average thickness of 50 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
- the calendering may be performed, for example, by a roll existing face to face, at this time, the roll temperature may be 50 ° C to 200 ° C, and the rotation speed of the roll may be performed at 10 rpm to 50 rpm .
- a mixture film serving as an electrode mixture may be manufactured.
- Such a mixture film is also referred to as a free-standing film in the prior art.
- the mixture film prepared in this way does not contain a solvent, has little fluidity, is easy to handle, and can be processed into a desired shape and used to manufacture various types of electrodes.
- the electrode mixture of the present invention is used for manufacturing the electrode, the drying process for removing the solvent can be omitted, so that not only can the manufacturing processability of the electrode be greatly improved, but also, which has been a problem in the manufacturing of the conventional dry electrode. It is possible to solve problems such as fine powder of the active material or breakage of the fibrous binder.
- a lamination step of forming the mixture film on at least one surface of the current collector is performed.
- the lamination may be a step of rolling and attaching the mixture film to a predetermined thickness on the current collector.
- the lamination may also be performed by a lamination roll, and in this case, the lamination roll may be maintained at a temperature of room temperature (25°C) to 200°C.
- the porosity of the mixture film in the dry electrode thus performed up to lamination is 20 to 35%, or 22 to 30%, or 20 to 28%, or 20 to 26%, or 23.1 to 27.4%, or 23.1 to 24.8%, or 24.8 to 27.4%.
- the porosity may be slightly changed depending on which effect is focused on.
- the porosity measures the apparent density of the mixture film only by subtracting the volume and weight of the current collector from the volume and weight of the electrode, and using the actual density calculated based on the actual density and composition of each component, in the following relation can be obtained by
- the bending resistance of the dry electrode prepared as described above is less than 10 mm pi ( ⁇ ), or less than 8 mm pi ( ⁇ ), or less than 5 mm pi ( ⁇ ), or 2 to 8 mm pi ( ⁇ ), or 2 to 5 mm pi ( ⁇ ) or less ( ⁇ ), or 2 to 3 mm pi ( ⁇ ).
- the dry electrode manufactured according to the present invention is less prone to breakage of the fibrous binder, flexibility can be improved.
- the bending resistance can be evaluated according to the method of the measurement standard JIS K5600-5-1, and specifically, whether cracks occur by bringing the prepared dry electrode into contact with measuring rods of various diameters and lifting both ends It can be obtained by measuring the minimum diameter at which cracks do not occur.
- the bending resistance of the dry electrode is the bending resistance of the dry electrode
- Measuring rods each having a diameter of 2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,16,20,25,32mm are prepared, and the electrode sample is measured using the measuring rod with the largest diameter among them. Determining whether cracks occur in the film mixture of the electrode sample when both ends of the electrode sample are lifted after making contact with the electrode sample;
- the crack of the mixture film of the electrode sample is repeated. It can be evaluated through the step of determining the minimum diameter value of the measuring rod, which does not occur, as the bending resistance.
- the loading amount of the active material of the mixture film may be 3mAh/cm 2 to 15mAh/cm 2 , specifically 4mAh/cm 2 to 10mAh/cm 2 , or 4mAh/cm 2 to 6mAh/cm 2 , or 4mAh/ cm 2 to 5 mAh/cm 2 or 4.8 mAh/cm 2 to 4.9 mAh/cm 2 may be.
- the loading amount of the active material is a value calculated by the following method.
- the interfacial resistance between the mixture film and the current collector is 5 ⁇ cm 2 or less, or 4.3 ⁇ cm 2 or less, or 4 ⁇ cm 2 or less, or 3 ⁇ cm 2 or less, or 1.3 to 4.3 ⁇ cm 2 or less, or 1.3 to 1.8 ⁇ cm 2 , or 1.8 to 4.3 ⁇ cm 2 .
- the interface resistance was calculated by applying a current of 100 ⁇ A to the electrode using a multi-probe (MP) resistance measurement method and calculating the resistance value between the mixture film and the current collector layer as a potential difference measured between 46 probes.
- MP multi-probe
- the current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, and for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, copper, or a surface of aluminum or stainless steel. Carbon, nickel, titanium, silver or the like surface-treated may be used.
- the current collector may also increase the adhesion of the positive electrode active material by forming fine irregularities on the surface thereof, and various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam body, and a nonwoven body are possible.
- the current collector may be used wholly or partially coated with a conductive primer for lowering resistance and improving adhesion on the surface.
- the conductive primer may include a conductive material and a binder, and the conductive material is not limited as long as it is a conductive material, but may be, for example, a carbon-based material.
- the binder may include a fluorine-based binder (including PVDF and PVDF copolymer), an acrylic binder, and an aqueous binder that can be dissolved in a solvent.
- a fluorine-based binder including PVDF and PVDF copolymer
- acrylic binder an acrylic binder
- aqueous binder that can be dissolved in a solvent.
- a dry electrode manufactured by the method of manufacturing the dry electrode.
- an electrode current collector and a mixture film positioned on the electrode current collector and including an active material, a conductive material, and a binder, and provided with a dry electrode having a bending resistance of less than 10 mm pi ( ⁇ ).
- the mixture film and the current collector are the same as described above.
- the bending resistance of the dry electrode is less than 10 mm pi ( ⁇ ), or less than 8 mm pi ( ⁇ ), or less than 5 mm pi ( ⁇ ), or 2 to 8 mm pi ( ⁇ ), or 2 to 5 mm pi ( ⁇ ), or 2 to 3 mm pi ( ⁇ ).
- the bending resistance of the dry electrode may be evaluated according to the measurement standard JIS K5600-5-1 method as described above.
- the bending resistance of the dry electrode comprises the steps of: preparing a rectangular electrode sample of 100 mm ⁇ 50 mm; Prepare measuring rods each having a diameter of 2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,16,20,25,32mm, and measure the electrode sample using a measuring rod with the largest diameter among them. Determining whether a crack occurs in the film mixture of the electrode sample when lifting both ends of the electrode sample after contact with the electrode sample; And if cracks do not occur in the previous step, by repeating the step of determining whether or not cracks in the mixture film of the electrode sample occur in the same manner as in the previous step using a measuring rod having a larger diameter. It can be evaluated through the step of determining the minimum diameter value of the measuring rod in which cracks do not occur as the bending resistance.
- the electrode sample mixture film of the sample did not crack, but when the electrode sample was brought into contact with the measurement rod with a measuring rod having a diameter of 2 mm and then both ends of the electrode sample were lifted, the electrode sample mixture film cracked At this time, the bending resistance of this dry electrode is determined as 3 mm pi ( ⁇ ), which is the minimum diameter value of the measuring rod that does not cause cracks in the film mixture of the electrode sample.
- the porosity of the mixture film is 20 to 35%, or 22 to 30%, or 20 to 28%, or 20 to 26%, or 23.1 to 27.4%, or 23.1 to 24.8%, or 24.8 to 27.4%.
- the evaluation method of the porosity is the same as described above.
- the loading amount of the active material of the mixture film may be 3mAh/cm 2 to 15mAh/cm 2 , specifically 4mAh/cm 2 to 10mAh/cm 2 , or 4mAh/cm 2 to 6mAh /cm 2 , or 4mAh/cm 2 to 5mAh/cm 2 or 4.8mAh/cm 2 to 4.9mAh/cm 2 It may be.
- the evaluation method of the loading amount of the active material is the same as described above.
- the interfacial resistance between the mixture film and the current collector is 5 ⁇ cm 2 or less, or 4.3 ⁇ cm 2 or less, or 4 ⁇ cm 2 or less, or 3 ⁇ cm 2 or less, or 1.3 to 4.3 ⁇ cm 2 , or 1.3 to 1.8 ⁇ cm 2 , or 1.8 to 4.3 ⁇ cm 2 .
- the evaluation method of the interface resistance is the same as described above.
- a secondary battery including the dry electrode, wherein the dry electrode is a positive electrode, and the electrode assembly including the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator is built in a battery case together with a lithium-containing non-aqueous electrolyte, and the same An energy storage device including a unit cell is provided.
- an apparatus for manufacturing a dry electrode comprising: a blender for mixing raw materials for a mixture including an active material, a conductive material, and a binder; a kneader for preparing a mixture mass by kneading the mixture; a pulverizer for pulverizing the mixture mass to form powder for an electrode; a calender for forming the electrode powder into a mixture film; and a lamination roll for placing and laminating the mixture film on at least one surface of the current collector.
- the blender is a mixer for mixing raw materials, and as described above, the blender may mix raw materials for mixing at a speed of 5000 rpm to 20000 rpm.
- the kneader is a binder fiberizing device used instead of jet-milling in the present invention, and the mixture may be obtained as a mixture mass through kneading in the kneader.
- the kneader for obtaining the result according to the present invention may be set to a pressure condition in the range of 70 °C to 200 °C, atmospheric pressure or more. Specifically, 90° C. to 180° C., or 90° C. to 150° C., a pressure condition of 1 atm to 60 atm, or a pressure condition of 1 atm to 30 atm, or a pressure condition of 1 atm to 10 atm, or a pressure condition of 1 atm to 3 atm, or 1.1 atm It may be set to a pressure condition of 3 atm.
- the pulverizer is a device for pulverizing such a mixture to form powder for an electrode, which may also use a blender, or a grinder such as a cutter mill or a fine impact mill may be used.
- the calender is a device for molding the powder for the electrode into a film, and may be, for example, a pair of facing rollers, and the thickness of the film may be adjusted from their spacing.
- the lamination roll serves to attach and roll the mixture film formed by the calender to at least one surface of the current collector.
- the apparatus for manufacturing a dry electrode according to the present invention is characterized in that it does not include a jet-milling device, but includes a kneader and a grinder.
- LiMnO 2 as a positive electrode active material
- 0.5 g of activated carbon as a conductive material, and 3 g of carbon black as a binder, and 2.5 g of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a binder were added to a blender and mixed at 15000 rpm for 1 minute to prepare a mixture.
- the temperature of the kneader was stabilized at 90° C., and the mixture was put into the kneader and then operated at a speed of 50 rpm under a pressure of 1.1 atm for 5 minutes to obtain a mixture mass.
- the mixture mass was put into a blender and pulverized at 10000 rpm for 1 minute to obtain an electrode powder.
- Example 1 without kneading through a kneader and grinding step, the mixture was directly jet-milled (feeding pressure 50psi, grinding pressure 45psi) to obtain electrode powder.
- the degree of micronization of the active material can be confirmed.
- An electrode powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the temperature of the kneader was set to 150°C.
- An electrode powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in Example 1, only 3.5 g of carbon black was used as a conductive material and the temperature of the kneader was set to 150°C.
- An electrode powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the temperature of the kneader was set to 25°C.
- An electrode powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the temperature of the kneader was set to 60°C.
- Electrodes were prepared.
- the target porosity was set to 23 to 30% and the gap of the lamination roll was adjusted based on the initial density and thickness of the mixture film so as to fall within the above range.
- the apparent density of the mixture film is measured by subtracting the volume and weight of the current collector from the volume and weight of the electrode, and the actual density calculated based on the actual density and composition of each component is used to obtain the following relation to obtain the actual porosity of each electrode.
- the evaluation of bending resistance was performed by preparing a rectangular electrode sample of 100 mm x 50 mm; Measuring rods each having a diameter of 2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,16,20,25,32mm are prepared, and the electrode sample is measured using the measuring rod with the largest diameter among them.
- the step of determining whether cracks occur in the mixture film of the electrode sample when both ends of the electrode sample are lifted after contact with the electrode sample is repeated to repeat the electrode sample mixture film It was carried out through the step of determining the minimum diameter value of the measuring rod in which the crack does not occur as the bending resistance.
- the electrode sample mixture film of the sample did not crack, but when the electrode sample was brought into contact with the measurement rod with a measuring rod having a diameter of 2 mm and then both ends of the electrode sample were lifted, the electrode sample mixture film cracked At this time, the bending resistance of this dry electrode was determined to be 3 mm pi ( ⁇ ), which is the minimum diameter value of the measuring rod where cracks in the composite film of the electrode sample do not occur.
- Example 1 0.5:3 (weight) 90 334 O 4.8 24.8 1.3 2
- Example 2 0.5:3 (weight) 150 662 O 4.9 27.4 4.3 2
- Example 3 0:3.5 (weight) 150 459 O 4.8 23.1 1.8 3
- Comparative Example 1 0.5:3 (weight) - 780 O 4.8 24.7 5.6 10
- Comparative Example 2 0.5:3 (weight) 25 250 X - - - - Comparative Example 3 0.5:3 (weight) 60 345 X - - - - -
- the dry electrode manufactured according to the present invention has a bending resistance of 3 mm ⁇ or less.
- the dry electrode manufactured by the conventional method is 10 mm ⁇ , and when the kneading temperature is low, it can be confirmed that film formation is not easily performed under the calendering conditions, so that it is not suitable for the electrode manufacturing process.
- a negative electrode was prepared by depositing lithium metal to a thickness of 70 ⁇ m on a copper foil.
- An electrode assembly was prepared using a polyethylene film (Celgard, thickness: 20 ⁇ m) between the dry electrode prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 and the negative electrode.
- a secondary battery was manufactured by sealing.
- the secondary battery was CC-CV charged to 4.3V at 0.1C and then discharged to 3.0V at 0.1C to calculate their capacity and efficiency, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
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Abstract
Description
카본재료 (활성카본: 카본블랙) |
니더 온도 (℃) |
분체 비저항 (Ω·㎝) |
필름화 여부 | 로딩량 (mAh/cm2) |
공극률 (%) |
전극 계면 저항 (Ω·㎠) |
내굴곡성(Φ) | |
실시예 1 | 0.5:3(중량) | 90 | 334 | O | 4.8 | 24.8 | 1.3 | 2 |
실시예 2 | 0.5:3(중량) | 150 | 662 | O | 4.9 | 27.4 | 4.3 | 2 |
실시예 3 | 0:3.5(중량) | 150 | 459 | O | 4.8 | 23.1 | 1.8 | 3 |
비교예 1 | 0.5:3(중량) | - | 780 | O | 4.8 | 24.7 | 5.6 | 10 |
비교예 2 | 0.5:3(중량) | 25 | 250 | X | - | - | - | - |
비교예 3 | 0.5:3(중량) | 60 | 345 | X | - | - | - | - |
충전용량(mAh/g) | 방전용량(mAh/g) | 효율(%) | |
실시예 1 | 103.2 | 104.8 | 98.50 |
실시예 2 | 103.6 | 105.1 | 98.53 |
실시예 3 | 105.0 | 106.4 | 98.65 |
비교예 1 | 103.8 | 105.4 | 98.47 |
Claims (29)
- 이차전지용 건식 전극을 제조하기 위해 필름화가 가능한 전극용 분체로서,상기 분체는 활물질, 도전재, 및 바인더를 포함하며,50 MPa의 압력으로 가압했을 때의 비저항이 700 Ω·㎝ 이하인 전극용 분체.
- 제1항에 따른 전극용 분체의 제조방법으로서,(a) 활물질, 도전재, 및 바인더를 포함하는 혼합물을 제조하는 과정;(b) 상기 바인더를 섬유화시키기 위해, 상기 혼합물을 70℃ 내지 200℃ 의 범위, 상압 이상의 압력 하에서 혼련하여 혼합물 덩어리를 제조하는 과정; 및(c) 상기 혼합물 덩어리를 분쇄하여 전극용 분체를 얻는 과정;을 포함하는 전극용 분체의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 도전재는 활성카본, 흑연, 카본블랙, 및 카본나노튜브로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전극용 분체의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 바인더는 폴리테트라 플루오로에틸렌(Polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE), 폴리올레핀, 또는 이들의 혼합물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전극용 분체의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 과정(b)의 혼련은 10rpm 내지 100rpm의 속도로 1분 내지 30분 동안 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 전극용 분체의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 과정(b)의 혼련은 전단율이 10/s 내지 500/s 의 범위에서 1분 내지 30분동안 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 전극용 분체의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 과정(b)의 혼련은 90℃ 내지 180℃에서 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 전극용 분체의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 과정(b)의 혼련은 1atm 내지 60atm의 압력 하에서 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 전극용 분체의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 과정(c)의 분쇄는 500rpm 내지 20000rpm의 속도로 30초 내지 10분간 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 전극용 분체의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 (c) 상기 혼합물 덩어리를 분쇄하여 전극용 분체를 얻는 단계 이후에, 상기 분쇄된 전극용 분제를 분급하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전극용 분체의 제조방법.
- 건식 전극의 제조방법으로서,(d) 제2항에 따른 전극용 분체를 캘린더링(calendering)하여 합제 필름을 제조하는 과정; 및(e) 상기 합제 필름을 집전체의 적어도 일면에 위치시키고 라미네이션하여 건식 전극을 제조하는 과정;을 포함하는 건식 전극의 제조방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 합제 필름은 공극률이 20 내지 35%인 것을 특징으로 하는 건식 전극의 제조방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 건식 전극의 내굴곡성은 10mm파이(Φ) 미만인 것을 특징으로 하는 건식 전극의 제조방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 합제 필름의 활물질 로딩량은 3mAh/cm2 내지 15mAh/cm2인 것을 특징으로 하는 건식 전극의 제조방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 합제 필름과 집전체 간의 계면저항은 5Ω·cm2 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 건식 전극의 제조방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 집전체 상에는 전도성 프라이머가 전체적 또는 부분적으로 코팅되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 건식 전극의 제조방법.
- 제11항에 따른 제조방법으로 제조된 건식 전극.
- 전극 집전체; 및 상기 전극 집전체 상에 위치하고, 활물질, 도전재, 및 바인더를 포함하는 합제 필름;을 구비하고,10mm 파이(Φ) 미만의 내굴곡성을 갖는 건식 전극.
- 제18항에 있어서,상기 건식 전극이 2 내지 8 mm 파이(Φ)의 내굴곡성을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 건식 전극.
- 제18항에 있어서,상기 건식 전극의 내굴곡성이 측정 표준 JIS K5600-5-1 방법에 따라 평가되는 것을 특징으로 하는 건식 전극.
- 제20항에 있어서,상기 건식 전극의 내굴곡성이,100mm × 50mm의 직사각형의 전극 샘플을 제조하는 단계;2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,16,20,25,32mm의 직경을 각각 갖는 측정봉을 준비하고 이들 중 직경이 가장 큰 측정봉을 이용하여 상기 전극 샘플을 측정봉에 접촉시킨 뒤 상기 전극 샘플의 양쪽 끝을 들어올릴 때 상기 전극 샘플의 합제 필름의 크랙이 발생하는지 여부를 판단하는 단계; 및상기 전 단계에서 크랙이 발생하지 않으면 다음으로 직경이 큰 측정봉을 이용하여 전단계와 동일하게 상기 전극 샘플의 합제 필름의 크랙이 발생하는지 여부를 판단하는 단계를 반복하여 상기 전극 샘플의 합제 필름의 크랙이 발생하지 않는 측정봉의 최소 직경 값을 내굴곡성으로 결정하는 단계;를 거쳐서 평가되는 것을 특징으로 하는 건식 전극.
- 제18항에 있어서,상기 합제 필름의 공극률이 20 내지 35%인 것을 특징으로 하는 건식 전극.
- 제18항에 있어서,상기 합제 필름의 활물질 로딩량이 3 내지 15 mAh/cm2인 것을 특징으로 하는 건식 전극.
- 제18항에 있어서,상기 합제 필름과 집전체 간의 계면저항이 5 Ω·cm2 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 건식 전극.
- 제18항에 있어서,상기 집전체 상에는 전도성 프라이머가 전체적 또는 부분적으로 코팅되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 건식 전극.
- 제17항 내지 제25항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 건식 전극을 포함하는 이차전지로서,상기 건식 전극은 양극이며, 상기 양극, 음극, 및 분리막을 포함하는 전극조립체가 리튬 함유 비수계 전해질과 함께 전지케이스에 내장되어 있는 이차전지.
- 제26항에 따른 이차전지를 단위전지로서 포함하는 에너지 저장장치.
- 건식 전극의 제조장치로서,활물질, 도전재, 및 바인더를 포함하는 합제 원료 물질들을 혼합하는 블렌더;상기 바인더를 섬유화시키기 위해, 상기 혼합물을 혼련하여 혼합물 덩어리를 제조하는 니더;상기 혼합물 덩어리를 분쇄하여 전극용 분체를 형성하는 분쇄기;상기 전극용 분체를 합제필름으로 형성하는 캘린더(calender); 및상기 합제필름을 집전체의 적어도 일면에 위치시키고 라미네이션하는 라미네이션 롤;을 포함하는 건식 전극 제조장치.
- 제28항에 있어서,상기 니더는 70℃ 내지 200℃ 의 범위, 상압 이상의 압력 조건으로 설정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 건식 전극 제조장치.
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