WO2020110573A1 - Tour - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2020110573A1
WO2020110573A1 PCT/JP2019/042463 JP2019042463W WO2020110573A1 WO 2020110573 A1 WO2020110573 A1 WO 2020110573A1 JP 2019042463 W JP2019042463 W JP 2019042463W WO 2020110573 A1 WO2020110573 A1 WO 2020110573A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
work
spindle
headstock
foreign matter
gripping
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/042463
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
則夫 賀来
Original Assignee
スター精密株式会社
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by スター精密株式会社 filed Critical スター精密株式会社
Publication of WO2020110573A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020110573A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B25/00—Accessories or auxiliary equipment for turning-machines
    • B23B25/06—Measuring, gauging, or adjusting equipment on turning-machines for setting-on, feeding, controlling, or monitoring the cutting tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B3/00—General-purpose turning-machines or devices, e.g. centre lathes with feed rod and lead screw; Sets of turning-machines
    • B23B3/30—Turning-machines with two or more working-spindles, e.g. in fixed arrangement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lathe in which two spindles facing each other hold a workpiece.
  • an NC (numerical control) lathe that performs front face machining on a work held by a front spindle and transfers the face-machined work to the back spindle for back machining.
  • the front spindle and the back spindle have a gripping portion such as a collet for gripping a work.
  • the NC lathe performs a process in which the back spindle moves toward the workpiece after the front surface machining which is gripped by the grip portion of the front spindle, and the grip portion of the back spindle grips the workpiece.
  • problems such as defective work and breakage of the grip portion may occur.
  • the entire length of the work may be defective. If the work is tilted and gripped by the grip of the back spindle, the shape of the work may be damaged or the grip may be damaged. Therefore, it is determined whether or not there is a foreign matter between the workpiece after the front surface machining and the grip portion of the rear spindle.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a work changing method for a lathe, which confirms that a workpiece machined by the first spindle head is normally held by the chuck of the second spindle head.
  • This lathe puts the servo motor controlling the feed of the second spindle head in the torque limit state, feeds the second spindle head in the direction of the first spindle head, and when the movement of the second spindle head is completed.
  • the error amount which is the difference between the programmed position of the second spindle head and the actual position, is checked, and if the error amount is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the chuck of the second spindle head normally moves the workpiece. It is confirmed that it is gripped.
  • the present invention discloses a lathe capable of improving the dimensional accuracy of products.
  • the lathe of the present invention includes a first headstock provided with a first spindle having a first gripping portion for gripping a work, A second spindle stock provided with a second spindle having a second gripping portion that grips the work, facing the first spindle.
  • a servo device for moving the second spindle stock in the direction of the center line of the second spindle; An opening/closing operation of the first grip portion and the second grip portion, and a control unit that controls the movement of the second headstock via the servo device, The controller moves the second headstock toward the first headstock in a state in which the second gripping part is opened and the servo device is limited to a torque lower than the maximum torque, and the servo device has a predetermined movement.
  • the change in the position of the second headstock in the direction of the center line is detected, and the second gripper is based on the change in position detected in the range where the second gripper grips the workpiece. There is a mode for determining the presence or absence of foreign matter between the workpiece and the work.
  • a lathe 1 includes a first headstock (for example, a front headstock 11), a second headstock (for example, a back headstock 21), a servo device (for example, a Z2-axis motor MZ2), and a control unit U1.
  • the first spindle stock (11) is provided with a first spindle (for example, the front spindle 12) having a first grip portion 13 that grips the work W0.
  • the second spindle stock (21) is provided with a second spindle (for example, a back spindle 22) having a second grip portion 23 facing the first spindle (12) and gripping the work W0.
  • the servo device (MZ2) moves the second spindle stock (21) in the direction of the center line of the second spindle (22) (for example, the Z-axis direction).
  • the control unit U1 controls the opening/closing operation of the first gripping unit 13 and the second gripping unit 23, and the movement of the second spindle stock (21) via the servo device (MZ2).
  • the control unit U1 opens the second gripping unit 23 and limits the servo device (MZ2) to a torque lower than the maximum torque, and moves the second headstock (21) to the first headstock (11).
  • the presence/absence of a foreign object 800 between the second grip portion 23 and the work W0 is determined based on the position change ( ⁇ Zi) detected in the range where the grip portion 23 grips the work W0.
  • the timing at which the control unit starts giving a predetermined torque fluctuation to the servo device may be after the second gripping unit reaches a range for gripping the work, or the second gripping unit may It may be before the range for gripping the work. In the latter case, the control unit may start detecting the change in the position of the second headstock in the centerline direction after the second gripping unit reaches the range for gripping the workpiece. However, it may be before the second grip portion reaches the range where the workpiece is gripped.
  • the lathe 1 further includes a cleaning device 40 capable of cleaning at least one of the work W0 gripped by the first grip 13 and the second grip 23 separated from the work W0. You may have it.
  • the control unit U1 and the second gripping unit 23 and the workpiece W0 in the foreign matter determination process for determining the presence or absence of the foreign matter 800 between the second gripping unit 23 and the workpiece W0.
  • the second headstock (21) is moved away from the first headstock (11) to cause the cleaning device 40 to perform cleaning (for example, as shown in FIG. 7), the foreign matter discrimination processing may be performed again.
  • this aspect when it is determined that the foreign matter 800 is present between the grip 23 of the second spindle (22) and the work W0, at least one of the grip 23 of the second spindle (22) and the work W0 is cleaned. Therefore, when the foreign matter 800 is removed by cleaning, it is determined that there is no foreign matter 800 between the gripping portion 23 of the second spindle (22) and the work W0 in the next foreign matter determining process. Therefore, this aspect can provide a suitable lathe that continuously processes a workpiece.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a configuration of a main spindle moving type NC (numerical control) lathe 1 in which a front main spindle 12 moves as an example of a lathe.
  • NC numerical control
  • FIG. 1 shows only one simplified example for explaining the present technology, and does not limit the present technology. It should be noted that the description of the positional relationship of each part is merely an example. Therefore, change the left/right direction to the up/down direction or the front/rear direction, change the up/down direction to the left/right direction or the front/rear direction, change the front/rear direction to the left/right direction or the up/down direction, or change the rotation direction to the opposite direction. This is also included in the present technology. Further, the same direction, position, and the like are not limited to strict coincidence, and include deviation from strict coincidence due to an error.
  • the lathe 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes an NC device 70, a front headstock 11 installed on a fixed base 10, a rear headstock 21 installed on a fixed base 20, and a blade installed on a fixed base 30.
  • the table 31 and the cleaning device 40 are provided.
  • the NC device 70 controls the operations of the respective units 11, 21, 31, 40, etc. described above.
  • the front headstock 11 is movable in the Z-axis direction along the spindle centerline AX1.
  • the NC device 70 controls the position of the front headstock 11 in the Z-axis direction via a drive unit such as the Z1-axis motor MZ1 illustrated in FIG.
  • the front main spindle 12 provided on the front main spindle stock 11 has a first gripping portion 13 such as a collet, and the columnar (bar-shaped) work W1 inserted in the Z-axis direction can be released by the first gripping portion 13. Hold it.
  • the NC device 70 rotates the front main spindle 12 about a main spindle center line AX1 along the longitudinal direction of the work W1 via a drive unit such as the rotary motor 15. As a result, the front spindle 12 rotates the work W1 about the spindle centerline AX1.
  • a guide bush 18 may be arranged in front of the front spindle 12.
  • the guide bush 18 is arranged in front of the front main spindle 12 and slidably supports the longitudinal work W1 penetrating the front main spindle 12 in the Z-axis direction, and in synchronization with the front main spindle 12, the main shaft center line. It is rotationally driven around AX1.
  • the rear headstock 21 is movable in the Z-axis direction along the main-axis center line AX2 and in the Y-axis direction orthogonal (intersecting) to the Z-axis direction.
  • the NC device 70 controls the position of the back spindle stock 21 in the Z-axis direction and the Y-axis direction via a drive unit such as the Z2-axis motor MZ2 and the Y2-axis motor MY2 illustrated in FIG.
  • the back spindle 22 provided on the back spindle stock 21 has a second grip portion 23 such as a collet, and is inserted in the Z-axis direction with the spindle centerlines AX1 and AX2 aligned with each other, and the workpiece after the front machining.
  • the NC device 70 rotates the back main shaft 22 about the main shaft center line AX2 via a drive unit such as the rotary motor 25. Thereby, the back spindle 22 rotates the work W2 about the spindle center line AX2.
  • the back main shaft 22 may be referred to as a facing main shaft in the sense of facing the front main shaft.
  • the work W1 before the front surface machining and the work W2 after the front surface machining are collectively referred to as a work W0, and the work transferred from the grip portion 13 of the front main spindle 12 to the back main spindle 22 is referred to as the work W0.
  • the tool post 31 is attached with a plurality of tools T0 for machining the work W0 and is movable in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction.
  • the X-axis direction is a direction orthogonal to (intersecting) the Z-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
  • the NC device 70 controls the position of the tool rest 31 in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction via a drive unit such as the X3 axis motor MX3 and the Z3 axis motor MZ3 illustrated in FIG.
  • the plurality of tools T0 includes a cutting tool T1 for cutting through the work W0 held by the holding portions 13 and 23 of the both spindles 12 and 22.
  • a turret tool post As the tool post, a turret tool post, a comb tool post, or the like can be used. Plural types of turrets may be installed on the lathe. Further, the moving directions of the respective parts 11, 21, 31 and the like are not limited to the directions shown in FIG.
  • the cleaning device 40 discharges the fluid to the nozzle 41 for discharging the fluid to the tip of the work W0 gripped by the gripping portion 13 of the front spindle 12, and the gripping portion 23 of the back spindle 22 that is distant from the work W0. It has a nozzle 42 for The fluid may be air (gas) or coolant (liquid).
  • the cleaning device 40 discharges the fluid from the nozzles 41 and 42 or stops the discharge of the fluid from the nozzles 41 and 42 under the control of the NC device 70.
  • the nozzles 41 and 42 discharge air as a fluid
  • the nozzle 41 is arranged at a position where the air is blown to the tip of the work W0 held by the holding part 13, and the back spindle at a predetermined position in the Z-axis direction.
  • the nozzle 42 is arranged at a position where air is blown against the grip portion 23 of 22.
  • the nozzles 41 and 42 discharge the coolant as a fluid
  • the nozzle 41 is arranged at a position where the coolant is sprayed on the tip of the work W0 held by the holding part 13, and the rear spindle 22 at a predetermined position in the Z-axis direction.
  • the nozzle 42 is arranged at a position where the coolant is sprayed on the grip 23.
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates the configuration of the electric circuit of the NC lathe 1.
  • the NC device 70 rotationally drives the operation panel 80, the Z1 axis motor MZ1, the Y2 axis motor MY2, the Z2 axis motor MZ2, the X3 axis motor MX3, the Z3 axis motor MZ3, and the front main spindle 12.
  • a rotary motor 15, a rotary motor 25 for driving the back spindle 22 to rotate, an actuator 14 for opening and closing the grip portion 13 of the front spindle 12, an actuator 24 for opening and closing the grip portion 23 of the back spindle 22, a cleaning device 40, etc. are connected. There is.
  • the NC device 70 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 71, a semiconductor memory ROM (Read Only Memory) 72, a semiconductor memory RAM (Random Access Memory) 73, a timer circuit 74, an I/F (interface) 75, and the like. have.
  • the I/Fs of the operation panel 80, the servo motors MZ1, MY2, MZ2, MX3, MZ3, the rotary motors 15 and 25, the actuators 14 and 24, and the cleaning device 40 are collectively shown as I/F75. ..
  • An interpretation execution program P1 for interpreting and executing the machining program P2 is written in the ROM 72.
  • the machining program P2 created by the user is rewritably stored in the RAM 73.
  • the machining program is also called an NC program.
  • the CPU 71 causes the computer to function as the NC device 70 by using the RAM 73 as a work area and executing the interpretation execution program P1 recorded in the ROM 72.
  • the interpretation execution program P1 may be implemented by other means such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit).
  • the operation panel 80 includes an input unit 81 and a display unit 82, and functions as a user interface of the NC device 70.
  • the input unit 81 includes, for example, a button or a touch panel for receiving an operation input from an operator.
  • the display unit 82 is composed of, for example, a display that displays the contents of various settings received from the operator and various information regarding the NC lathe 1. The operator can store the machining program P2 in the RAM 73 using the operation panel 80 or an external computer.
  • the Z1-axis motor MZ1 moves the front headstock 11 in the Z-axis direction according to a command from the NC device 70.
  • the Y2-axis motor MY2 moves the back spindle stock 21 in the Y-axis direction according to a command from the NC device 70.
  • the Z2-axis motor MZ2 is an example of the servo device of the present technology, and moves the back spindle stock 21 in the Z-axis direction according to a command from the NC device 70.
  • the X3 axis motor MX3 moves the tool rest 31 in the X axis direction in accordance with a command from the NC device 70.
  • the Z3-axis motor MZ3 moves the tool rest 31 in the Z-axis direction according to a command from the NC device 70.
  • Each of the servo motors MZ1, MY2, MZ2, MX3, MZ3 has an encoder that generates a reference angle pulse corresponding to the position of the drive target 11, 21, 31 and the drive target 11, 21, 21 based on the pulse generated by the encoder.
  • the position of 31 is adjusted to the command from the NC device 70.
  • FIG. 2 shows the encoder EN of the Z2-axis motor MZ2.
  • the encoder EN generates a reference angle pulse according to the position of the rear headstock 21 in the Z-axis direction, and the Z2-axis motor MZ2 adjusts the position of the rear headstock 21 in the Z-axis direction to the command based on the encoder EN generated pulse.
  • the rotary motor 15 rotationally drives the front main spindle 12 at a rotational speed according to a command from the NC device 70.
  • the rotary motor 25 rotationally drives the back spindle 22 at a rotational speed according to a command from the NC device 70.
  • the rotation speed is also called the number of rotations and means the number of rotations per unit time.
  • the actuator 14 opens and closes the grip portion 13 of the front spindle 12 via a power transmission mechanism such as a sleeve member according to the control of the NC device 70.
  • a power transmission mechanism such as a sleeve member according to the control of the NC device 70.
  • the actuator 24 opens and closes the grip portion 23 of the back spindle 22 through a power transmission mechanism such as a sleeve member according to the control of the NC device 70.
  • the gripping portion 23 is opened, it is possible to insert the workpiece after the front surface processing into the gripping portion 23 in the Z-axis direction or to discharge the product from the gripping portion 23 in the Z axis direction, and the workpiece after the front surface processing is accepted.
  • a servo motor including a linear motor, an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or the like can be used.
  • the actuators 14 and 24 may include a reduction mechanism such as a ball screw mechanism.
  • the cleaning device 40 has an electromagnetic valve that opens and closes the flow path connected to the nozzles 41 and 42, and opens and closes the flow path connected to the nozzles 41 and 42 by driving the electromagnetic valve described above under the control of the NC device 70.
  • the flow path is opened, the fluid is discharged from the nozzles 41 and 42, and when the flow path is closed, the discharge of the fluid from the nozzles 41 and 42 is stopped.
  • the front headstock 11 is an example of a first headstock
  • the front headstock 12 is an example of a first headstock
  • the rear headstock 21 is an example of a second headstock
  • the rear headstock 22 is a first headstock.
  • the NC device 70 and the Z2-axis motor MZ2 that detects the positions of the rear headstock 21 in the Z-axis direction are examples of the control unit U1.
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a state in which the back spindle 22 is moving toward the work W0 after the front processing.
  • FIG. 4 schematically exemplifies a state in which the foreign matter 800 has entered between the work W0 after the front surface processing and the grip portion 23 of the back spindle 22.
  • 3 and 4 show the work receiving process of the lathe that does not use the guide bush, but even when the guide bush is used, the work W0 after the front processing which is gripped by the grip portion 13 of the front spindle 12 is used. A work receiving process in which the rear main shaft 22 receives the work is performed.
  • the back spindle 22 When the front surface of the work W0 is machined, the back spindle 22 is separated from the work W0 in the Z-axis direction. Since the back spindle 22 holds the workpiece W0 after the front machining, the back spindle stock 21 including the back spindle 22 approaches the Z-axis direction with the gripping portion 23 opened. If the Z2-axis motor MZ2 tries to move the rear headstock 21 toward the front headstock 11 when the gripping portion 23 hits the work W0, the output torque of the Z2-axis motor MZ2 increases. In order to prevent the output torque from becoming excessive, the output torque of the Z2-axis motor MZ2 is limited to a predetermined low torque that is lower than the maximum torque.
  • the NC device 70 determines that the gripping portion 23 has come into contact with the work W0, that is, the gripping portion 23 has been sufficiently pressed against the work W0, and the gripping portion 23 is closed to perform control such as cutting off.
  • FIG. 4 shows a state in which the foreign matter 800 adheres to the work W0, and thus a deviation ⁇ Er occurs in the Z position where the grip portion 23 of the back spindle 22 grips the work W0.
  • a deviation ⁇ Er occurs in the Z position where the grip portion 23 of the back spindle 22 grips the work W0.
  • erroneous pressing detection If erroneous pressing detection is performed, an error occurs in the position at which the gripping portion 23 grips the work W0 even if there is no foreign matter between the gripping portion 23 of the back spindle 22 and the work W0. Is reduced. Further, if the Z position of the rear headstock 21 is out of the specified range at the time of erroneous pressing detection, processing for redoing the pressing detection is performed or a warning is output and the continuous machining operation is stopped. Therefore, erroneous pressing detection causes a loss of time such that the cycle time of work processing becomes long or the operation is stopped, resulting in a decrease in manufacturing efficiency.
  • an air gap sensor that supplies air to the gap between the work and the grip of the back spindle is installed on the lathe. It is possible to provide it. If there is no foreign matter, the gap between the workpiece and the grip on the back spindle will be narrowed, and the internal pressure of the air will rise when air is supplied.If there is foreign matter, the gap between the work and the grip on the back spindle will be widened. The internal pressure of the air does not rise too much when supplying. Therefore, by detecting the internal pressure of the air when the air is supplied, the presence or absence of foreign matter can be detected more reliably.
  • a predetermined torque fluctuation is applied to the Z2-axis motor MZ2 to detect a change in the position of the back spindle stock 21 in the Z-axis direction, and based on the detected change in the position, the grip portion 23 of the back spindle 22 and the workpiece The presence or absence of the foreign object 800 between W0 is determined.
  • a dedicated structure such as an air gap sensor on the lathe, the cycle time of workpiece machining can be shortened, and the precision of the machining position of the workpiece can be improved and the dimensional accuracy of the product can be improved. it can.
  • FIG. 5 shows the torque fluctuation applied to the Z2-axis motor MZ2, the change in the Z position of the rear headstock 21, and the fluctuation width ⁇ Z of the rear headstock 21 after the gripping portion 23 is sufficiently pressed against the work W0.
  • the graph G1 shows the time change of the torque M applied to the Z2-axis motor MZ2
  • the graph G2 shows the time change of the Z position of the back headstock 21 when no foreign matter is present
  • the graph G3 shows the graph G2.
  • the obtained fluctuation range ⁇ Zi is shown in chronological order
  • the graph G4 shows the time change of the Z position of the back spindle stock 21 when a foreign substance is present
  • the graph G5 shows the fluctuation range ⁇ Zi obtained from the graph G4 in chronological order.
  • the horizontal axis of each of the graphs G1 to G5 represents time t.
  • the direction in which the grip portion 23 of the back spindle 22 is pressed against the work W0 is the +Z direction
  • the direction in which the grip portion 23 is separated from the work W0 is the ⁇ Z direction.
  • the torque generated by the Z2-axis motor MZ2 is proportional to the magnitude of the current supplied to the Z2-axis motor MZ2. Therefore, the torque M applied to the Z2-axis motor MZ2 can be controlled by the current value applied to the Z2-axis motor MZ2.
  • the torque fluctuation applied to the Z2-axis motor MZ2 is controlled such that the maximum value Mmax and the minimum value Mmin appear alternately around the average torque Mmean when the gripping portion 23 is pressing the work W0.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the average torque Mmean and the maximum value Mmax and the absolute value of the difference between the average torque Mmean and the minimum value Mmin are the amplitudes of torque fluctuations.
  • the maximum value Mmax is smaller than the maximum torque of the Z2-axis motor MZ2.
  • the Z position of the back spindle stock 21 is as shown in the graph G2. Changes to. Generally, when the maximum value Mmax of torque is applied to the Z2-axis motor MZ2, the rear headstock 21 is displaced in the +Z direction, and when the minimum value Mmin of torque is applied to the Z2-axis motor MZ2, the rear headstock 21 is moved in the -Z direction. Displace.
  • the fluctuation range ⁇ Zi shown in the graph G2 means the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the Z position of the back spindle stock 21, and is twice the amplitude representing the maximum displacement from the center value.
  • each fluctuation width ⁇ Zi has a relatively stable value.
  • the presence or absence of foreign matter is determined by setting the allowable upper limit value ⁇ Zmax of the fluctuation range ⁇ Zi based on the master data D1 when no foreign matter has entered between the gripping portion 23 of the back spindle 22 and the work W0. can do.
  • the fluctuation range ⁇ Zi is less than or equal to the upper limit value ⁇ Zmax as shown in the graph G3, it can be determined that no foreign matter has entered between the gripping portion 23 and the work W0.
  • the fluctuation range ⁇ Zi exceeds the upper limit value ⁇ Zmax as shown in the graph G5
  • the amplitude of the torque fluctuation applied to the Z2-axis motor MZ2 is, for example, such that the fluctuation width ⁇ Zi is about 1 to 10 ⁇ m when no foreign matter enters between the gripping portion 23 of the back spindle 22 and the work W0. be able to.
  • the frequency f1 of the torque fluctuation can be set to, for example, about 1 to 1000 Hz.
  • the fluctuation range ⁇ Zi can be sampled 50 times in 0.1 second.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the work receiving process performed by the NC device 70 that executes the interpretation execution program P1. This processing is started when the NC device 70 reads the work receiving instruction described in the machining program P2. It is not easy for the user to create a machining program that realizes the torque fluctuation as shown in FIG. Therefore, the NC device 70 that executes the interpretation execution program P1 realizes the torque fluctuation of the Z2-axis motor MZ2, and an example thereof is shown in FIG.
  • the processing of steps S102 to S108 is an example of the foreign matter determination processing for determining the foreign matter between the grip portion 23 of the back spindle 22 and the work W0.
  • the work receiving process shown in FIG. 6 will be described below with reference to FIGS.
  • the NC device 70 controls the actuator 24 shown in FIG. 2 to keep the grip portion 23 of the back spindle 22 open and keeps the Z2-axis motor MZ2 at a predetermined low level.
  • the Z2-axis motor MZ2 is driven while the torque is limited to move the rear headstock 21 toward the front headstock 11 (step S102).
  • the Z2-axis motor MZ2 tries to move the rear spindle headstock 21 toward the front spindle headstock 11, so that the output torque of the Z2-axis motor MZ2.
  • the NC device 70 acquires the output torque value and the Z position of the rear headstock 21 from the Z2-axis motor MZ2, the output torque value is within the specified torque width, and is specified by the machining program P2. It is determined whether the rear headstock 21 is within the range of the Z position (step S104).
  • the range of the Z position designated by the machining program P2 is a range in which the grip portion 23 of the back spindle 22 grips the work W0. Of course, the range in which the gripping portion 23 grips the work W0 may be obtained by the NC device 70 from the target Z position designated by the machining program P2.
  • step S106 the NC device 70 advances the process to step S106.
  • step S104 the condition of step S104 is not satisfied even though the value of the output torque is within the specified torque range, or when the condition of step S104 is not satisfied despite that the rear headstock 21 is within the specified range.
  • the process proceeds to step S112.
  • the NC device 70 determines the maximum value from a plurality of output torque values obtained in a predetermined period, or a predetermined number of 2 or more from the largest value. It may be possible to determine whether or not the torque width is within the specified torque range by excluding the value of.
  • step S106 the NC device 70 gives a predetermined torque fluctuation as shown in the graph G1 of FIG. 5 to the Z2-axis motor MZ2 to acquire the Z position of the rear headstock 21 from the Z2-axis motor MZ2, and the rear headstock.
  • the variation width ⁇ Zi of the Z position of 21, that is, the change of the Z position is obtained.
  • the NC device 70 determines whether the fluctuation range of the Z position of the back spindle stock 21 is equal to or less than the allowable upper limit value ⁇ Zmax (step S108).
  • the fluctuation range to be compared with the upper limit value ⁇ Zmax may be the maximum value of the fluctuation range ⁇ Zi, the maximum value from the fluctuation range ⁇ Zi, or the maximum value obtained by removing a predetermined number of 2 or more from the largest value.
  • An average value of the width ⁇ Zi may be used.
  • the NC device 70 drives the actuator 24 so as to close the grip portion 23 of the back spindle 22, continues the continuous machining operation (step S110), and ends the work receiving process. ..
  • step S112 The process of step S112 is performed when the conditions are not satisfied in steps S104 and S108.
  • the NC device 70 determines whether or not the foreign matter determination processing in steps S102 to S108 has been retried the number of times specified by the machining program P2.
  • the number of retries may be the number determined by the interpretation execution program P1 or the like instead of the processing program P2.
  • the NC device 70 performs a predetermined cleaning process (step S114) and returns the process to step S102.
  • the NC device 70 When the number of retries reaches the specified number, the NC device 70 outputs a warning indicating that the continuous machining operation of the work cannot be continued, stops the continuous machining operation of the work (step S116), and ends the workpiece receiving process.
  • the output of the warning includes displaying the warning on the display unit 82 shown in FIG. 2, outputting a warning sound from a voice output device (not shown), and the like.
  • FIG. 7 schematically illustrates the cleaning process performed in step S114.
  • the NC device 70 drives the Z2-axis motor MZ2 shown in FIG. 2 to move the rear headstock 21 away from the front headstock 11.
  • the NC device 70 drives the cleaning device 40 for a certain period of time to supply the cleaning fluid from the nozzle 41 to the work W0.
  • the cleaning fluid is discharged from the nozzle 42 to the grip portion 23. This state is shown in FIG.
  • the fluid When the fluid is air, air is blown from the nozzle 41 to the work W0 and the foreign matter 800 is blown away from the work W0 by air, and air is blown from the nozzle 42 to the gripping portion 23 so that the foreign matter is aired from the gripping portion 23. Blown away by.
  • the fluid is coolant
  • the coolant is sprayed from the nozzle 41 onto the workpiece W0 to wash away the foreign matter 800 with the coolant
  • the coolant is sprayed from the nozzle 42 onto the gripping portion 23 to wash away the foreign matter with the coolant.
  • the foreign matter discrimination process in steps S102 to S108 of FIG. 6 is performed.
  • the gripping portion 23 of the rear headstock 22 is pressed against the work W0 as illustrated in FIG.
  • the deviation ⁇ Er of the Z position at which the grip portion 23 grips the work W0 becomes small.
  • the variation amount ⁇ Zi acquired in step S106 of FIG. 6 is reduced as a whole, the variation amount of the Z position of the rear headstock 21 becomes the upper limit value ⁇ Zmax or less, and the continuous machining operation is continued.
  • the foreign matter between the gripping portion 23 of the rear spindle 22 and the workpiece W0 is based on the change in the Z position detected on the rear spindle stock 21 while the Z2 axis motor MZ2 is subjected to a predetermined torque fluctuation.
  • Various useful effects can be obtained by determining the presence or absence of.
  • the influence of disturbance factors such as impact can be reduced, the presence/absence of foreign matter between the grip portion 23 and the work W0 can be accurately determined. Therefore, the present specific example can improve the accuracy of the processing position of the work and the dimensional accuracy of the product.
  • the lathe to which the present technology can be applied is not limited to the main spindle moving type lathe, and may be a main spindle fixed type lathe in which the front main spindle does not move.
  • the above-described cleaning device 40 has both the nozzle 41 for cleaning the workpiece and the nozzle 42 for cleaning the second grip portion, but it is possible to omit one of the nozzles 41, 42.
  • the foreign matter may be removed even if one of the nozzles 41 and 42 is omitted, and thus the present technology can be applied.
  • the air may be blown from the nozzle 41 and the coolant may be discharged from the nozzle 42, or the coolant may be discharged from the nozzle 41 and the air may be blown from the nozzle 42.
  • the nozzles 41 and 42 of the cleaning device 40 may be incorporated inside the front spindle 12 or the back spindle 22.
  • the process of determining whether or not the variation range of the Z position of the back spindle stock 21 in step S108 of FIG. 6 is less than or equal to the upper limit value ⁇ Zmax may be a process of comparing the moving average of the variation range ⁇ Zi with the upper limit value ⁇ Zmax.
  • a process using pattern matching for the master data D1 shown in FIG. 5 may be used.
  • the number of moving averages is N (N is an integer of 2 or more), and the N moving averages of the fluctuation range are compared with the upper limit value ⁇ Zmax as follows. To be done. First, N averages are compared with the upper limit value ⁇ Zmax in the order of fluctuation widths ⁇ Z1, ⁇ Z2,.... Next, the N averages are compared with the upper limit value ⁇ Zmax in the order of the fluctuation widths ⁇ Z2, ⁇ Z3,.... Hereinafter, the N averages with the fluctuation widths shifted one by one are compared with the upper limit value ⁇ Zmax.
  • the presence/absence of a foreign matter is determined as follows by using the master data D1 and the detection data of the Z position of the back spindle stock 21 (for example, the data D2 shown in FIG. 5). be able to.
  • the threshold value for the degree of coincidence (referred to as C) between the master data D1 and the detection data D2 is TH (TH>0).
  • the grip portion 23 of the back spindle 22 is pressed against the work W0 so that a predetermined torque fluctuation is applied to the Z2-axis motor MZ2, and the Z position detected for the back spindle stock 21 by the Z2-axis motor MZ2.
  • the NC device 70 acquires the detection data D2 indicating the change of Next, the NC device 70 performs pattern matching between the master data D1 and the detection data D2, and obtains the degree of coincidence C between the master data D1 and the detection data D2. It can be determined that there is no foreign matter when the matching degree C is equal to or higher than the threshold TH, and it can be determined that there is a foreign matter when the matching degree C is less than the threshold TH. Since a large number of detection data D2 for the Z position of the rear headstock 21 are used for the pattern matching, even if a certain detected value of the Z position of the rear headstock 21 becomes an abnormal value due to a disturbance factor, it is small as a whole. As a result, the influence of disturbance factors on the determination of the presence or absence of foreign matter is reduced.
  • the timing at which torque fluctuation is started to be applied to the Z2-axis motor MZ2 may be before the grip 23 of the back spindle 22 is pressed against the work W0. ..
  • FIG. 9 shows another example of the work receiving process performed by the NC device 70.
  • steps S104 to S106 are replaced with steps S202 to S206 as compared with the work receiving process shown in FIG.
  • the NC device 70 moves the rear headstock 21 toward the front headstock 11 in a state where the grip portion 23 of the rear spindle 22 is opened and the Z2-axis motor MZ2 is limited to a predetermined low torque (step S102).
  • the process of giving a predetermined torque fluctuation to the Z2-axis motor MZ2 is started (step S202).
  • the timing of starting the processing of step S202 is the timing at which the rear headstock 21 is moved to a predetermined position before the grip 23 is pressed against the work W0 in the Z-axis direction. It is also possible to perform the processing of step S202 immediately after starting the movement of the back spindle stock 21 in the Z-axis direction.
  • the NC device 70 determines whether or not the rear headstock 21 is within the range of the Z position designated by the machining program P2 (step S204). When the rear headstock 21 is within the designated range for the predetermined period, the NC device 70 advances the process to step S206. If the condition of step S204 is not satisfied, the process proceeds to step S112. ..
  • step S206 since the predetermined torque fluctuation has already been applied to the Z2-axis motor MZ2, the NC device 70 acquires the Z position of the rear headstock 21 from the Z2-axis motor MZ2 and determines the Z position of the rear headstock 21.
  • the fluctuation range ⁇ Zi that is, the change in the Z position is obtained.
  • the NC device 70 determines whether the fluctuation range of the Z position of the back spindle stock 21 is equal to or less than the allowable upper limit value ⁇ Zmax (step S108).
  • the NC device 70 drives the actuator 24 so as to close the grip portion 23 of the back spindle 22, continues the continuous machining operation (step S110), and ends the work receiving process. ..
  • the fluctuation range exceeds the upper limit value ⁇ Zmax, the above-described processing including the cleaning processing is performed (steps S112 to S116).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un tour permettant d'obtenir un produit présentant une précision dimensionnelle améliorée. Ledit tour (1) comprend une première poupée fixe (11), une seconde poupée fixe (21), un dispositif d'asservissement (MZ2) destiné à amener la seconde poupée fixe (21) à se déplacer dans la direction d'axe central d'un second arbre principal (22), et une partie de commande U1 destinée à commander l'action d'ouverture/de fermeture de parties de préhension (13, 23) et le mouvement de la seconde poupée fixe (21) provoqué par le dispositif d'asservissement (MZ2). La partie de commande U1 ouvre une seconde partie de préhension (23) et amène la seconde poupée fixe (21) à se déplacer vers la première poupée fixe (11) dans un état dans lequel le dispositif d'asservissement (MZ2) est limité à un couple inférieur au couple maximal, communique une fluctuation de couple prédéfinie au dispositif d'asservissement (MZ2) et détecte un changement (∆Zi) de la position de la seconde poupée fixe (21) dans la direction d'axe central du second arbre principal, et détermine si un corps étranger (800) est présent entre la seconde partie de préhension (23) et une pièce W0 sur la base du changement (∆Zi) de la position détectée dans la plage dans laquelle la seconde partie de préhension (23) saisit la pièce W0.
PCT/JP2019/042463 2018-11-27 2019-10-30 Tour WO2020110573A1 (fr)

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JP2018220812A JP7323759B2 (ja) 2018-11-27 2018-11-27 旋盤

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JP7480003B2 (ja) 2020-09-14 2024-05-09 シチズン時計株式会社 工作機械、工作機械の制御方法

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JPH0335902A (ja) * 1989-06-30 1991-02-15 Okuma Mach Works Ltd 対向主軸旋盤の突切りバイト保護方法
JPH03190601A (ja) * 1989-12-15 1991-08-20 Fanuc Ltd ワーク交換方法
JPH05111802A (ja) * 1991-10-22 1993-05-07 Fuji Mach Mfg Co Ltd 主軸対向型工作機械
JPH05245740A (ja) * 1991-12-27 1993-09-24 Nakamuratome Seimitsu Kogyo Kk 旋盤の主軸台の軸力制御装置および運転制御方法
JPH0796402A (ja) * 1993-09-27 1995-04-11 Murata Mach Ltd 対向２軸旋盤のカットオフ方法
JPH09277136A (ja) * 1996-04-11 1997-10-28 Alps Tool:Kk 棒材供給機の棒材搬送量検出装置
JP2015057308A (ja) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-26 村田機械株式会社 工作機械
JP2017131982A (ja) * 2016-01-26 2017-08-03 中村留精密工業株式会社 チャックの開閉制御装置

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JPS63272401A (ja) * 1987-04-28 1988-11-09 Yamazaki Mazak Corp 複合加工工作機械における主軸台の駆動構造
TWM559214U (zh) * 2017-12-28 2018-05-01 Jian Xue Yin Cnc單刀塔雙主軸雙倍加工效率之加工機

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02218537A (ja) * 1989-02-15 1990-08-31 Nissan Motor Co Ltd サーボ式移動装置の不具合診断装置
JPH0335902A (ja) * 1989-06-30 1991-02-15 Okuma Mach Works Ltd 対向主軸旋盤の突切りバイト保護方法
JPH03190601A (ja) * 1989-12-15 1991-08-20 Fanuc Ltd ワーク交換方法
JPH05111802A (ja) * 1991-10-22 1993-05-07 Fuji Mach Mfg Co Ltd 主軸対向型工作機械
JPH05245740A (ja) * 1991-12-27 1993-09-24 Nakamuratome Seimitsu Kogyo Kk 旋盤の主軸台の軸力制御装置および運転制御方法
JPH0796402A (ja) * 1993-09-27 1995-04-11 Murata Mach Ltd 対向２軸旋盤のカットオフ方法
JPH09277136A (ja) * 1996-04-11 1997-10-28 Alps Tool:Kk 棒材供給機の棒材搬送量検出装置
JP2015057308A (ja) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-26 村田機械株式会社 工作機械
JP2017131982A (ja) * 2016-01-26 2017-08-03 中村留精密工業株式会社 チャックの開閉制御装置

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TW202023714A (zh) 2020-07-01

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