WO2019196345A1 - 一种用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构 - Google Patents

一种用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019196345A1
WO2019196345A1 PCT/CN2018/106982 CN2018106982W WO2019196345A1 WO 2019196345 A1 WO2019196345 A1 WO 2019196345A1 CN 2018106982 W CN2018106982 W CN 2018106982W WO 2019196345 A1 WO2019196345 A1 WO 2019196345A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
locking
variable gauge
section
rail
wheel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/106982
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁海啸
杨东晓
王玉光
朱崇飞
王旭
Original Assignee
中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 filed Critical 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
Priority to PL18914273.0T priority Critical patent/PL3778341T3/pl
Priority to JP2020547078A priority patent/JP6993520B2/ja
Priority to EA202091910A priority patent/EA202091910A1/ru
Priority to ES18914273T priority patent/ES2972418T3/es
Priority to EP18914273.0A priority patent/EP3778341B1/en
Publication of WO2019196345A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019196345A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/02—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque
    • B60B35/10—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque adjustable for varying track
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B17/00—Wheels characterised by rail-engaging elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F7/00—Rail vehicles equipped for use on tracks of different width
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B25/00—Tracks for special kinds of railways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B17/00—Wheels characterised by rail-engaging elements
    • B60B17/0082—Wheels designed to interact with a particular rail profile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/30—Railway vehicles

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of rail vehicle variable gauge technology, and more particularly to a ground track structure for a variable gauge bogie.
  • the lateral positioning of the wheel is directly realized by the guide rail, but due to the existence of the gap of the guide rail, the positioning is not accurate, and the locking pin is subjected to a large lateral pressure exerted by the axle housing and the outer sleeve, thereby causing The action is subject to a large vertical frictional force, so that the unlocking and locking action of the locking pin is prone to jamming, and cannot be successfully unlocked or locked. If the forcible variable gauge will cause damage to the variable gauge wheelset , causing significant losses.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the related art or related art.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a ground track structure for a variable gauge bogie including a pair of support rails disposed in parallel and an inner side of a pair of the support rails a pair of first guide rails, a pair of variable gauge guide rails and a pair of second guide rails disposed in sequence; an unlocking section is provided between the first guide rail and the variable gauge guide rail, and the variable gauge guide rail is provided A locking section is disposed between the second rail; the inner/outer side of the unlocking section and the inner/outer side of the locking section are respectively provided with a pressing positioning device, and the pressing positioning device is used for The variable-gauge wheel of the variable-gauge bogie of the unlocking section and the locking section exerts a lateral thrust.
  • variable gauge wheel set comprises a wheel, an axle and a locking mechanism; the wheel is disposed at two ends of the axle and is splined with the axle; the locking mechanism is respectively disposed on the An outer side of the wheel, and in an axle housing at both ends of the axle, the locking mechanism is coupled to the wheel, the push positioning device for applying to the wheel passing the unlocking section and the locking section Lateral thrust.
  • the locking mechanism comprises an inner sleeve, a rolling bearing, an outer sleeve and a locking pin;
  • the inner sleeve, the rolling bearing and the outer sleeve are tightly sleeved from the inside to the outside, the inner sleeve is clearance-fitted with the axle, and the inner sleeve extends out of the axle housing toward one end of the wheel and Fastened to the wheel, the outer sleeve is clearance-fitted with an inner surface of the axle housing, and opposite sides of the outer sleeve are respectively provided with bosses extending axially along the outer sleeve a plurality of grooves are disposed along the longitudinal direction of the boss, and an inner side wall of the shaft case is provided with a concave curved surface corresponding to the groove, the groove and the concave The curved surface defines a locking space for the locking pin.
  • the locking pin comprises a pin body, one side of the pin body defines an opening slot, the opening slot penetrates in a radial direction of the pin body, and at least one pin along the pin is provided in the opening slot a lug extending axially, the upper end of the lug being connected to the top of the slot of the open slot, and a gap between the lower end of the lug and the bottom of the slot of the open slot, the lug being used for Inserted into the recess, the pin body is located on the opposite side of the lug for insertion into the concave curved surface.
  • the bottom surface of the pin body is respectively disposed on both sides of the central axis thereof as a guiding slope inclined upward from the central axis to the both sides; the pin body is installed in the axle housing by a return spring; the pin The upper end of the body is coupled to the return spring, and the lower end of the pin body extends out of the bottom of the axle housing.
  • first rail, the variable gauge guide rail and the upper surface of the second rail are respectively provided with guiding grooves for the operation of the wheel, and a section of the supporting rail opposite to the unlocking section is provided with an oblique upward unlocking a sloped portion; the section of the support rail opposite to the locking section is provided with a tilting downward locking slope, and the unlocking slope and the locking slope are aligned with the inclination angle of the guiding slope.
  • the inner end surface of the axle housing is provided with a through hole for sliding the outer sleeve, the circumferential direction of the through hole forms an inner stop, and the outer end surface of the shaft housing is provided with an outer end cover.
  • An outer stop is respectively disposed on the lower axial end of the outer side of the axle box; the first rail is disposed toward the one end of the variable gauge guide rail as a first sloped surface that is inclined downward, and the second One end of the guide rail facing the variable gauge guide rail is disposed as a second upward slope surface; the variable gauge wheel pair after the first slope surface, the axle box body is supported on the support rail
  • the outer stop at the axial ends of the lower side is disposed on both sides of the support rail.
  • the pressing and positioning device comprises a plurality of retractable push rods spaced apart along a length direction of the support rail, the axial direction of the retractable push rod being perpendicular to a length direction of the support rail.
  • the pressing and positioning device further comprises a fixing portion fixed to the ground, the retractable push rod is movable back and forth along an axial direction of the fixing portion, and an end of the retractable push rod is provided Elastic sleeve.
  • the push positioning device is a hydraulic or pneumatic actuator.
  • the push positioning device is disposed outside the support rail opposite to the unlocking section,
  • the pressing positioning device is disposed inside the locking section.
  • the pushing and positioning device is arranged to extend outwardly along the two ends of the unlocking segment; and the pushing and positioning device is arranged to extend outwardly along the two ends of the locking segment.
  • a pair of the support rails located outside the unlocking section are respectively provided with positioning holes for the telescopic push rod to pass through at positions opposite to the pressing and positioning device.
  • a ground-changing structure for a variable-gauge bogie provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with a pushing positioning device by using a pushing positioning device on the inner side or the outer side of the unlocking section and the locking section of the ground-changing structure, and using the pressing positioning device Applying lateral thrust to the variable gauge wheel pair of the variable gauge bogie passing through the unlocking section and the locking section, so that the wheels of the variable gauge wheel pair axially have a slight displacement relative to the running guide rail to re Adjusting the positional relationship of the components on the variable gauge wheel pair to facilitate the positioning accuracy, so as to ensure the smooth unlocking and locking of the variable gauge wheelset.
  • the locking mechanism is respectively disposed on the outer side of the wheel, and the axle of the inner part of the wheel is consistent with the traditional axle, and on the other hand, the motor, the gear box and the like mounted on the inner axle of the wheel.
  • the wheel and the axle are splined to distribute the torque evenly on the inner circumference of the wheel. It is easy to transmit torque and also facilitates the wheel to slide along the axle to achieve variable gauge.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view of an overall structure of a ground-changing structure for a variable-gauge bogie according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 2(a) and 2(b) are respectively a side view and a front view of the variable gauge wheel pair passing through the first rail in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 3(a) and 3(b) are respectively a side view and a front view of the variable gauge wheel pair passing through the track lowering section in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 4(a) and 4(b) are respectively a side view and a front view of the variable gauge wheel pair passing through the unlocking section in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 5(a) and 5(b) are respectively a side view and a front view of the variable gauge wheel pair just entering the variable gauge guide rail in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 6(a) and 6(b) are respectively a side view and a front view of the variable gauge wheel pair of the variable gauge wheel pair in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 7(a) and 7(b) are respectively a side view and a front view of the variable gauge wheel pair passing through the locking section in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 8(a) and 8(b) are respectively a side view and a front view of the variable gauge wheel pair just entering the track lifting section in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 9(a) and 9(b) are respectively a side view and a front view of the track-changing section of the variable gauge wheel pair in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 10(a) and 10(b) are respectively a side view and a front view of the variable gauge wheel pair passing through the second rail in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 11 is an axial partial cross-sectional view showing the positional relationship (adjacent to the inner stop) of the variable gauge wheel set and the axle housing in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 12 is an axial partial cross-sectional view showing the positional relationship (adjacent to the outer end cover) of the variable gauge wheel set and the axle housing in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view of the push positioning device pushed from the outside of the wheel in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of the push positioning device pushed from the inner side of the wheel in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 15 is a perspective view showing the structure of the locking pin in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 10 support rail
  • 20 first rail
  • 21 track lowering section
  • 30 variable gauge guide rail
  • 40 second rail
  • 41 rail lifting section
  • 50 unlocking section
  • 60 locking section
  • 70 push positioning device
  • 71 retractable push rod
  • 72 fixed portion
  • 80 variable gauge wheel pair
  • 81 wheel
  • 82 axle
  • 83 outer sleeve
  • 831 boss
  • 84 rolling bearing
  • 86 locking pin
  • 861 pin body
  • 862 open slot
  • 863 lug
  • 864 notch
  • 865 guiding bevel
  • 90 axle housing
  • 91 concave curved surface
  • 93 outer end cover
  • 94 outer stop
  • 100 unlocking the bevel
  • 110 locking the bevel.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection or a Removable connection, or integral connection; may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • installation may be, for example, a fixed connection or a Removable connection, or integral connection; may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • multiple means two or more unless otherwise stated.
  • the ground rail structure includes a pair of support rails 10 disposed in parallel and along a pair of the supports
  • a pair of first guide rails 20, a pair of variable gauge guide rails 30 and a pair of second guide rails 40 are disposed on the inner side of the rail 10 in sequence, and both ends of the first rail 20 and the second rail 40 extend in parallel from the outside to the inside.
  • the upper surfaces of the first rail 20, the variable gauge guide rail 30 and the second rail 40 are provided with guide grooves for the operation of the wheel 81.
  • the wheels 81 travel in the guide slots.
  • the gauge between the pair of first guide rails 20 is smaller than the gauge distance between the pair of second guide rails 40, for example, the gauge from the standard rail is a wide rail, as shown in Fig. 2(a) and Fig.
  • FIG. 1 A locking section 60 is disposed between the unlocking section 50 and the inner side or the outer side of the locking section 60, respectively.
  • the pressing and positioning device 70 is disposed on the outer side of the unlocking section 50 and is located outside the corresponding supporting rail 10 . As shown in FIG. 14 , the pressing and positioning device 70 is disposed on the inner side of the locking section 60 .
  • the urging and positioning device 70 is configured to apply a lateral thrust to the variable gauge wheel set 80 of the variable gauge bogie passing through the unlocking section 50 and the locking section 60, such that the wheel of the variable gauge wheelset 80 axially ends
  • the displacement of 81 relative to the gap of the guide groove (of course, the displacement is a small amount), so that the wheel 81 is exercised within the allowable tolerance range to reposition the positions of the mating components on both sides of the variable gauge wheel set 80
  • the relationship makes the positioning between the components more precise, and it is easy to unlock and lock smoothly.
  • variable gauge bogie is provided with a pair of parallel
  • the variable gauge wheel set 80 the variable gauge wheel set 80 may include a wheel 81, an axle 82 and a locking mechanism; the wheel 81 is disposed at both ends of the axle 82 and passes the flower with the axle 82
  • the key is connected to facilitate the transmission of torque, and the wheel 81 is slid along the axle 82.
  • the locking mechanism is respectively disposed on the outer side of the wheel 81 and located in the axle housing 90 at both ends of the axle 82.
  • the locking mechanism Connected to the wheel 81, when changing the gauge, the wheel 81 drives the locking mechanism to move together, at this time, the locking mechanism moves along the axle housing 90; the push positioning device 70 is used to pass the unlocking section 50 and the wheel 81 of the locking section 60 apply a lateral thrust.
  • the push positioning device 70 can also extend adjacent the unlocking section 50 and the locking section 60 for entering the unlocking section 50 and the locking section 60 and
  • the subsequent wheel 81 also applies lateral thrust to re-adjust the locking mechanism with The positional relationship of the housing 90, in order to unlock the wheel 81, both before and after the locking position is accurately positioned.
  • the locking mechanism may specifically include an inner sleeve (not shown), a rolling bearing 84, an outer sleeve 83 and a locking pin 86;
  • the inner sleeve, the rolling bearing 84 and the outer sleeve 83 are tightly sleeved from the inside to the outside, the inner sleeve is in clearance fit with the axle 82, and the inner sleeve extends toward the one end of the wheel 81.
  • the axle housing 90 is tightly coupled to the wheel 81, the outer sleeve 83 is in clearance fit with the inner surface of the axle housing 90, and the opposite sides of the outer sleeve 83 are respectively provided along the
  • a plurality of grooves 832 are defined along the longitudinal direction of the boss 831, and the inner side wall of the shaft case 90 is provided with a one-to-one correspondence with the groove 832.
  • the concave curved surface 91, the groove 832 and the concave curved surface 91 define a locking space of the locking pin 86.
  • a portion of the locking pin 86 is located in the groove 832, another portion is in contact with the concave curved surface 91, and the outer sleeve 83 is fixed relative to the axis housing 90.
  • the locking of the wheel 81 is fixed relative to the axle 82.
  • variable rail guiding rail 30 is used to push the wheel 81 to move outward or inward along the axle 82.
  • the specific implementation manner is that the guiding groove on the variable gauge guiding rail 30 is The angle setting, for example, the angle between the guide grooves gradually becomes larger or smaller, and when the wheel 81 passes the guide groove, it is subjected to an inward or outward pressing force, which in turn drives the outer sleeve 83 relative to the axle housing 90.
  • the locking pin 86 moves, when the locking space corresponding to the changed gauge distance moves directly under the locking pin 86, the locking pin 86 is inserted into the locking space under the action of its own gravity and downward force, the wheel 81 variable gauge is completed.
  • the locking pin 86 may include a pin body 861 .
  • One side of the pin body 861 defines an opening slot 862 .
  • the opening slot 862 extends through the radial direction of the pin body 861 .
  • the opening groove 862 is provided with at least one lug 863 extending axially along the pin body 861, and preferably two parallel lugs 863 are provided to improve the stress of the single lug 863, thereby improving reliability.
  • the upper end of the lug 863 is connected to the slot top of the open slot 862, and a notch 864 is disposed between the lower end of the lug 863 and the bottom of the slot 862.
  • the lug 863 is used for Inserted into the recess 832, the pin body 861 is located on the opposite side of the lug 863 for insertion into the concave curved surface 91. Further, the bottom surface of the pin body 861 is respectively disposed on both sides of its central axis as a guiding slope 865 inclined upward from the central axis to the both sides; the pin body 861 is mounted on the axle housing 90 by a return spring. The upper end of the pin body 861 is connected to the return spring, and the lower end of the pin body 861 extends out of the bottom of the axle box body 90, so that the ground rail changing structure exerts a force on the pin body 861 to realize the change. As shown in FIG.
  • a section of the support rail 10 opposite to the unlocking section 50 is provided with an oblique upward unlocking ramp 100, and the locks on both sides of the outer sleeve 83 when the gauge is changed.
  • the pin 86 passes through the unlocking ramp 100, the pin body 861 is gradually raised by the upward force, and is disengaged from the bottom to the groove 832 to complete the unlocking.
  • the lug 863 is disengaged from the bottom to the groove 832 and moved to the groove. Above the 832, at this time, the notch 864 under the lug 863 is opposite to the boss 831 between the two grooves 832.
  • the wheel 81 is applied with an external force to the left or right by the variable gauge guide rail 30, and the outer sleeve
  • the cartridge 83 moves along with the wheel 81, and the boss 831 snaps into the notch 864 and is missing
  • the support rail 10 is opposite to the locking segment 60.
  • One section is provided with a tilting downward locking slope 110.
  • the locking ramp 110 along the downward direction is gradually moved down until the lug 863 is inserted into the recess 832 to complete the locking and the variable gauge is completed. Further, in order to ensure that the unlocking and locking are completed smoothly and smoothly, the unlocking slope 100 and the locking slope 110 are aligned with the inclination angle of the guiding slope 865.
  • the inner end surface of the axle housing 90 is provided with a through hole for sliding the outer sleeve 83, and the circumferential direction of the through hole forms an inner stop 92.
  • the outer end surface of the axle housing 90 is provided with an outer end cover 93.
  • the outer axial ends of the outer side of the axle housing 90 are respectively provided with an outer stop 94; as shown in FIG.
  • the first guide rail 20 is disposed toward the one end of the variable gauge guide rail 30 to be inclined downwardly to form a track lowering section 21, and the specific working principle of the embodiment of the present disclosure is: when the gauge is changed When the wheel pair 80 passes the track lowering section 21, the wheel 81 is unloaded and supported by the axle housing 90. At this time, the outer stop 94 of the lower axial end is disposed on both sides of the support rail 10. The bogie as a whole is moved forward by the support rail 10 until passing through the variable gauge guide rail 30, and the variable gauge is completed. As shown in FIG. 9(a), the second rail 40 faces the variable gauge guide rail 30.
  • One end of the inclined slope is formed to form a rail lifting section 41; the variable gauge wheel pair 80 after the completion of the variable gauge is re-transformed into the wheel 81 by the rail lifting section 41.
  • the urging positioning device 70 is disposed in both the unlocking section 50 and the locking section 60, when the wheel pair approaches the unlocking section 50, as shown in FIG. 13, the urging positioning device 70 presses the wheel 81 from the outside of the wheel pair.
  • the wheel 81 drives the outer sleeve 83 to move slightly inwardly so that the outer sleeve 83 abuts against the inner stop 92 of the inner end of the axle housing 90, as shown in FIG.
  • the pressing positioning device 70 presses the wheel 81 from the inside of the wheel pair.
  • the wheel 81 drives the outer sleeve 83 to move outward slightly, so that the outer sleeve 83
  • the outer end cover 93 of the axle housing 90 abuts, as shown in FIG. 12; and at this time, the inner side of the support rail 10 abuts the outer end 94 of the lower axial end of the lower side of the axle housing 90 (as shown in FIG. 14).
  • the two sides of the lug 863 of the locking pin 86 and the groove 832 have no force, and the precise positioning of the support rail 10, the axle housing 90, the outer sleeve 83, and the locking pin 86 is realized, and the shaft is reduced.
  • the lateral force of the locking body 86 of the casing 90 and the outer sleeve 83 reduces the vertical frictional resistance of the locking pin 86 during operation, which facilitates the smooth locking action of the locking pin 86.
  • variable gauge wheel set 80 runs from the second rail 40 to the first rail 20
  • the original locking section 60 becomes the unlocking section 50
  • the original unlocking section 50 becomes the locking section 60, and becomes
  • the entire process is the reverse of the above process.
  • the push positioning device 70 preferably includes a plurality of retractable push rods 71 spaced apart along the length direction of the support rail 10, the retractable push rods
  • the axial direction of the support rail 10 is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the support rail 10, and the push positioning device 70 further includes a fixing portion 72 fixed to the ground, and the retractable push rod 71 is along the fixed portion
  • the axial movement of 72 is back and forth, and the end of the retractable push rod 71 is provided with an elastic sleeve to reduce the friction between the telescopic push rod 71 and the wheel 81.
  • the push positioning device 70 is a hydraulic or pneumatic actuator to facilitate automatic application of thrust in accordance with control commands.
  • a pair of the support rails 10 located outside the unlocking section 50 are respectively provided at positions opposite to the pressing and positioning device 70 for the telescopic push A positioning hole through which the rod 71 passes.
  • the upper surface of the support rail 10 may be provided with a plurality of rollers arranged along the length direction of the support rail 10, and the rolling of the rollers The direction coincides with the moving direction of the axle housing 90. Further, in order to increase the wear resistance of the axle housing 90, a wear plate may be added to the bottom surface of the axle housing 90.
  • both ends of the unlocking section 50 are outwardly outward.
  • the push positioning device 70 is arranged to extend; the push positioning device 70 is arranged to extend outwardly along the two ends of the locking portion 60.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure improves the positioning accuracy of the locking gauge wheel pair 80 locking mechanism by providing the pressing and positioning device 70 in the unlocking section 50 and its vicinity, the locking section 60 and its vicinity. It is advantageous for the unlocking/locking action of the locking pin 86 to proceed smoothly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Platform Screen Doors And Railroad Systems (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构，包括平行设置的一对支撑轨（10）和沿一对所述支撑轨（10）的内侧依次设置的一对第一导轨（20）、一对变轨距导向轨（30）和一对第二导轨（40）；第一导轨（20）与所述变轨距导向轨（30）之间设有解锁段（50），变轨距导向轨（30）与所述第二导轨（40）之间设有锁紧段（60）；解锁段（50）的内/外侧和锁紧段（60）的内/外侧分别设有推紧定位装置（70），推紧定位装置（70）用于向经过解锁段（50）和锁紧段（60）的变轨距轮对（80）施加横向推力。利用推紧定位装置（70）向变轨距轮对（80）施加横向推力，使得变轨距轮对（80）的两侧相对于所运行的导轨均有微量位移，以重新调整变轨距轮对（80）上相配合的各部件的位置关系，方便提高定位精度，从而能够保证变轨距轮对解锁和锁紧顺利进行。

Description

一种用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构
交叉引用
本申请引用于2018年04月13日提交的专利名称为“一种用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构”的第2018103337585号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本公开实施例涉及轨道车辆变轨距技术领域，特别是涉及一种用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构。
背景技术
为了满足邻近国家不同轨距轨道间的运输要求，现多在交界处更换不同轮对内侧距的转向架，但该方案成本高、耗时长。西班牙和日本先后发明了可变轨距的轮对，能够在不同轨距轨道间连续运行。
目前，车轮的横向定位是通过导轨直接实现的，但是由于导轨间隙的存在，容易发生定位不精确的情况，导致锁紧销受到轴箱体及外套筒施加的较大的横向压力，进而导致其动作时受到较大的垂向摩擦力，使得锁紧销的解锁和锁紧动作容易发生卡滞，而无法成功解锁或锁紧，若此时强行变轨距将造成变轨距轮对损坏，造成重大损失。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本公开实施例旨在至少解决现有技术或相关技术中存在的技术问题之一。
本公开实施例的目的是提供一种用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构，以保证变轨距轮对解锁和锁紧顺利进行。
(二)技术方案
为了解决上述技术问题，本公开实施例提供一种用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构，所述地面变轨结构包括平行设置的一对支撑轨和沿一对所 述支撑轨的内侧依次设置的一对第一导轨、一对变轨距导向轨和一对第二导轨；所述第一导轨与所述变轨距导向轨之间设有解锁段，所述变轨距导向轨与所述第二导轨之间设有锁紧段；所述解锁段的内/外侧和锁紧段的的内/外侧分别设有推紧定位装置，所述推紧定位装置用于向经过所述解锁段和锁紧段的变轨距转向架的变轨距轮对施加横向推力。
其中，所述变轨距轮对包括车轮、车轴和锁紧机构；所述车轮设于所述车轴的两端，且与所述车轴通过花键连接；所述锁紧机构分别设于所述车轮的外侧，且位于所述车轴两端的轴箱体中，所述锁紧机构与所述车轮连接，所述推紧定位装置用于向经过所述解锁段和锁紧段的所述车轮施加横向推力。
其中，所述锁紧机构包括内套筒、滚动轴承、外套筒和锁紧销；
所述内套筒、滚动轴承和外套筒由内向外依次紧密套接，所述内套筒与所述车轴间隙配合，所述内套筒朝向所述车轮的一端延伸出所述轴箱体且与所述车轮紧固连接，所述外套筒与所述轴箱体的内表面间隙配合，所述外套筒外的相对两侧分别设有沿所述外套筒轴向延伸的凸台，沿所述凸台的长度方向间隔设有多个凹槽，所述轴箱体的内侧壁设有与所述凹槽一一对应的内凹弧面，所述凹槽与所述内凹弧面限定出所述锁紧销的锁紧空间。
其中，所述锁紧销包括销体，所述销体的一侧开设有一开口槽，所述开口槽沿所述销体的径向贯通，所述开口槽内设有至少一个沿所述销体轴向延伸的凸耳，所述凸耳的上端与所述开口槽的槽顶连接，所述凸耳的下端与所述开口槽的槽底之间设有缺口，所述凸耳用于***所述凹槽中，所述销***于所述凸耳的相对另一侧用于***所述内凹弧面中。
其中，所述销体的底面在位于其中心轴线的两侧分别设置为从中心轴线向两侧向上倾斜的导向斜面；所述销体通过复位弹簧安装在所述轴箱体中；所述销体的上端与所述复位弹簧连接，所述销体的下端延伸出所述轴箱体的底部。
其中，所述第一导轨、变轨距导向轨以及第二导轨的上表面均设有用于所述车轮运行的导向槽，所述支撑轨与所述解锁段相对的一段设有倾斜向上的解锁斜面；所述支撑轨与所述锁紧段相对的一段设有倾斜向下的锁 紧斜面，所述解锁斜面、锁紧斜面与所述导向斜面的倾斜角度一致。
其中，所述轴箱体的内端面设有供所述外套筒滑移的通孔，所述通孔的周向形成内止挡，所述轴箱体的外端面设有外端盖，所述轴箱体外的下侧轴向两端分别设有外止挡；所述第一导轨朝向所述变轨距导向轨的一端设置为倾斜向下的第一坡面，所述第二导轨朝向所述变轨距导向轨的一端设置为倾斜向上的第二坡面；经过所述第一坡面后的所述变轨距轮对，所述轴箱体支撑在所述支撑轨上，其下侧轴向两端的所述外止挡分设于所述支撑轨的两侧。
其中，所述推紧定位装置包括沿所述支撑轨的长度方向间隔设置的多个可伸缩推杆，所述可伸缩推杆的轴向垂直于所述支撑轨的长度方向。
其中，所述推紧定位装置还包括固定部，所述固定部固定于地面，所述可伸缩推杆可沿所述固定部的轴向来回移动，所述可伸缩推杆的端部设有弹性套。
其中，所述推紧定位装置为液压或气压作动器。
其中，一对所述第一导轨之间的轨距小于一对所述第二导轨之间的轨距；所述推紧定位装置设于所述解锁段相对的所述支撑轨外侧，所述推紧定位装置设于所述锁紧段的内侧。
其中，沿所述解锁段的两端向外延伸排布有所述推紧定位装置；沿所述锁紧段的两端向外延伸排布有所述推紧定位装置。
其中，位于所述解锁段外侧的一对所述支撑轨与所述推紧定位装置相对的位置处分别设有供所述可伸缩推杆穿过的定位孔。
(三)有益效果
与现有技术相比，本公开实施例具有以下优点：
本公开实施例提供的一种用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构，通过在地面变轨结构的解锁段和锁紧段的内侧或外侧分别设置推紧定位装置，利用推紧定位装置向经过所述解锁段和锁紧段的变轨距转向架的变轨距轮对施加横向推力，使得变轨距轮对轴向两端的车轮相对于所运行的导轨均有微量位移，以重新调整变轨距轮对上相配合的各部件的位置关系，方便提高定位精度，从而能够保证变轨距轮对解锁和锁紧顺利进行。
本公开实施例的可变轨距轮对，将锁紧机构分别设于车轮的外侧，车 轮内侧部分的车轴与传统车轴保持一致，一方面为安装在车轮内侧车轴上的电机、齿轮箱等部件留有足够的设计空间，另一方面可以跟既有车的接口保持一致，便于既有车批量改造；另外，车轮和车轴间采用花键连接，从而将扭矩均匀分布在车轮的内周，既便于传递扭矩，也便于车轮沿车轴滑动实现变轨距。
附图说明
图1为本公开实施例的一种用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构的整体结构俯视图；
图2(a)、图2(b)分别为本公开实施例中的变轨距轮对经过第一导轨的侧视图和主视图；
图3(a)、图3(b)分别为本公开实施例中的变轨距轮对经过轨道降低段的侧视图和主视图；
图4(a)、图4(b)分别为本公开实施例中的变轨距轮对经过解锁段的侧视图和主视图；
图5(a)、图5(b)分别为本公开实施例中的变轨距轮对刚驶入变轨距导向轨的侧视图和主视图；
图6(a)、图6(b)分别为本公开实施例中的变轨距轮对刚驶出变轨距导向轨的侧视图和主视图；
图7(a)、图7(b)分别为本公开实施例中的变轨距轮对经过锁紧段的侧视图和主视图；
图8(a)、图8(b)分别为本公开实施例中的变轨距轮对刚要进入轨道抬升段的侧视图和主视图；
图9(a)、图9(b)分别为本公开实施例中的变轨距轮对经过轨道抬升段的侧视图和主视图；
图10(a)、图10(b)分别为本公开实施例中的变轨距轮对经过第二导轨的侧视图和主视图；
图11为本公开实施例中的变轨距轮对与轴箱体的位置关系(贴靠内止挡)轴向局部剖视图；
图12为本公开实施例中的变轨距轮对与轴箱体的位置关系(贴靠外端盖)轴向局部剖视图；
图13为本公开实施例中推紧定位装置从车轮外侧推紧的示意图；
图14为本公开实施例中推紧定位装置从车轮内侧推紧的示意图；
图15为本公开实施例中锁紧销的立体结构示意图；
图中：10：支撑轨；20：第一导轨；21：轨道降低段；30：变轨距导向轨；40：第二导轨；41：轨道抬升段；50：解锁段；60：锁紧段；70：推紧定位装置；71：可伸缩推杆；72：固定部；80：变轨距轮对；81：车轮；82：车轴；83：外套筒；831：凸台；832：凹槽；84：滚动轴承；86：锁紧销；861：销体；862：开口槽；863：凸耳；864：缺口；865：导向斜面；90：轴箱体；91：内凹弧面；92：内止挡；93：外端盖；94：外止挡；100：解锁斜面；110：锁紧斜面。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本公开的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本公开，但不用来限制本公开的范围。
在本公开实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“纵向”是指支撑轨的长度方向、“横向”为水平垂直支撑轨的方向、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等为指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开实施例的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本公开实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以视具体情况理解上述术语在本公开实施例中的具体含义。
此外，在本公开实施例的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”、“多根”、“多组”的含义是两个或两个以上。
如图1所示，为本公开实施例提供的一种用于变轨距转向架的地面变 轨结构，所述地面变轨结构包括平行设置的一对支撑轨10和沿一对所述支撑轨10的内侧依次设置的一对第一导轨20、一对变轨距导向轨30和一对第二导轨40，第一导轨20和第二导轨40的两端均平行地由外向内延伸进一对支撑轨10的内侧，所述第一导轨20、变轨距导向轨30以及第二导轨40的上表面均设有用于车轮81运行的导向槽，通常情况下，车轮81行驶在导向槽中时与导向槽会存在一定的间隙；本实施例中，以列车从第一导轨20向第二导轨40运行的方向作为列车前进的方向为例来说明本公开实施例的内容，并进一步规定一对所述第一导轨20之间的轨距小于一对所述第二导轨40之间的轨距，例如，从标准轨变轨距为宽轨，如图2(a)、图2(b)至图10(a)、图10(b)，示出了变轨距轮对80从第一导轨20到第二导轨40的整个变轨距过程，进一步地，所述第一导轨20与所述变轨距导向轨30之间设有解锁段50，所述变轨距导向轨30与所述第二导轨40之间设有锁紧段60；所述解锁段50和锁紧段60的内侧或外侧分别设有推紧定位装置70，本公开的实施例中，优选地，如图13所示，所述推紧定位装置70设于所述解锁段50的外侧，且位于相应的所述支撑轨10外侧，如图14所示，所述推紧定位装置70设于所述锁紧段60的内侧，所述推紧定位装置70用于向经过所述解锁段50和锁紧段60的变轨距转向架的变轨距轮对80施加横向推力，使得变轨距轮对80轴向两端的车轮81相对于导向槽的间隙产生位移(当然，该位移是很少量的)，使得车轮81在允许的公差范围内行使，以重新调整变轨距轮对80两侧相配合的各部件的位置关系，使得各部件之间定位更加精确，便于解锁和锁紧的顺利进行。
本公开的实施例中，如图1-15所示，先介绍变轨距转向架的具体结构，再介绍推紧定位装置70的具体结构；具体地，所述变轨距转向架设有一对平行的变轨距轮对80，所述变轨距轮对80可以包括车轮81、车轴82和锁紧机构；所述车轮81设于所述车轴82的两端，且与所述车轴82通过花键连接，便于传递扭矩，也便于车轮81沿车轴82滑动；所述锁紧机构分别设于所述车轮81的外侧，且位于所述车轴82两端的轴箱体90中，所述锁紧机构与所述车轮81连接，在变轨距时，车轮81带动锁紧机构一起移动，此时，锁紧机构沿轴箱体90移动；所述推紧定位装置70用于向 经过所述解锁段50和锁紧段60的车轮81施加横向推力，当然，推紧定位装置70还可以延伸设于解锁段50和锁紧段60的附近，用于向进入解锁段50和锁紧段60之前和之后的车轮81同样施加横向推力，以重新调整锁紧机构与轴箱体90的位置关系，以使车轮81在解锁、锁紧前后均处于精确定位的位置。
如图11-12所示，进一步地，所述锁紧机构具体可以包括内套筒(图中未示出)、滚动轴承84、外套筒83和锁紧销86；
所述内套筒、滚动轴承84和外套筒83由内向外依次紧密套接，所述内套筒与所述车轴82间隙配合，所述内套筒朝向所述车轮81的一端延伸出所述轴箱体90且与所述车轮81紧固连接，所述外套筒83与所述轴箱体90的内表面间隙配合，所述外套筒83外的相对两侧分别设有沿所述外套筒83轴向延伸的凸台831，沿所述凸台831的长度方向间隔设有多个凹槽832，所述轴箱体90的内侧壁设有与所述凹槽832一一对应的内凹弧面91，所述凹槽832与所述内凹弧面91限定出所述锁紧销86的锁紧空间。具体地，当锁紧销86***锁紧空间时，锁紧销86的一部分位于凹槽832中，另一部分与内凹弧面91贴合，外套筒83相对于轴箱体90位置被固定，实现锁紧，此时，车轮81相对于车轴82位置固定；当需要变轨距时，锁紧销86在外力作用下脱离所在的锁紧空间，实现解锁，本实施例中，优选采用向上的推力使得锁紧销86脱离锁紧空间，此时，利用变轨距导向轨30推动车轮81沿车轴82向外或向内移动，具体实现方式为变轨距导向轨30上的导向槽呈角度设置，例如导向槽之间的角度逐渐变大或逐渐变小，当车轮81经过该导向槽时受到向内或向外的挤压力，随之带动外套筒83相对于轴箱体90和锁紧销86移动，当与所变轨距相应的锁紧空间移动到锁紧销86的正下方时，锁紧销86在自身重力及向下力的作用下***该锁紧空间，车轮81变轨距完成。
具体地，如图15所示，所述锁紧销86可以包括销体861，所述销体861的一侧开设有一开口槽862，所述开口槽862沿所述销体861的径向贯通，所述开口槽862内设有至少一个沿所述销体861轴向延伸的凸耳863，优选设有两个平行的凸耳863，以改善单个凸耳863的受力情况，从而提高可靠性，所述凸耳863的上端与所述开口槽862的槽顶连接，所述 凸耳863的下端与所述开口槽862的槽底之间设有缺口864，所述凸耳863用于***所述凹槽832中，所述销体861位于所述凸耳863的相对另一侧用于***所述内凹弧面91中。进一步地，所述销体861的底面在位于其中心轴线的两侧分别设置为从中心轴线向两侧向上倾斜的导向斜面865；所述销体861通过复位弹簧安装在所述轴箱体90中；所述销体861的上端与所述复位弹簧连接，所述销体861的下端延伸出所述轴箱体90的底部，以便于地面变轨结构对销体861施加作用力，实现变轨距；如图4(a)所示，所述支撑轨10与所述解锁段50相对的一段设有倾斜向上的解锁斜面100，在变轨距时，位于外套筒83两侧的锁紧销86同时经过该解锁斜面100，销体861受到向上的作用力被逐渐抬高，从下向上脱离凹槽832，完成解锁，首先凸耳863从下向上脱离凹槽832，移动到凹槽832的上方，此时凸耳863下方的缺口864与两个凹槽832之间的凸台831位置相对，此时车轮81由变轨距导向轨30施加向左或向右的外力，外套筒83跟随车轮81一起移动，凸台831卡入缺口864中并沿缺口864移动，凸耳863的下端支撑在凸台831的台面上，直至移动到另一个凹槽832的位置，如图7(a)所示，所述支撑轨10与所述锁紧段60相对的一段设有倾斜向下的锁紧斜面110，当位于外套筒83两侧的锁紧销86同时经过该锁紧斜面110时，销体861在自身重力以及复位弹簧向下力的作用下沿该倾斜向下的锁紧斜面110逐渐下移，直至凸耳863***该凹槽832中，完成锁紧，变轨距完成。进一步地，为了保证解锁和锁紧平稳、顺畅地完成，所述解锁斜面100、锁紧斜面110与所述导向斜面865的倾斜角度一致。
具体地，如图11-12所示，所述轴箱体90的内端面设有供所述外套筒83滑移的通孔，所述通孔的周向形成内止挡92，所述轴箱体90的外端面设有外端盖93，如图13-14所示，所述轴箱体90外的下侧轴向两端分别设有外止挡94；如图3(a)所示，所述第一导轨20朝向所述变轨距导向轨30的一端设置为倾斜向下的第一坡面形成轨道降低段21，本公开实施例的具体工作原理为：当变轨距轮对80经过该轨道降低段21时，车轮81卸载，由轴箱体90起支撑作用，此时，其下侧轴向两端的所述外止挡94分设于所述支撑轨10的两侧，转向架整体由支撑轨10带动向前移动直至经过变轨距导向轨30，变轨距完成，如图9(a)所示，所述第二导轨40 朝向所述变轨距导向轨30的一端设置为倾斜向上的第二坡面形成轨道抬升段41；变轨距完成后的变轨距轮对80，经过该轨道抬升段41后重新变为车轮81承载。由于在解锁段50和锁紧段60均设置推紧定位装置70，当轮对靠近解锁段50时，如图13所示，推紧定位装置70从轮对外侧压紧车轮81，此时，车轮81带动外套筒83向内略微移动，使得外套筒83与轴箱体90内端的内止挡92贴靠，如图11所示；且支撑轨10外侧与轴箱体90下侧轴向外端的外止挡94贴靠(如图13所示)，此时，锁紧销86的凸耳863两侧与凹槽832均无作用力即没有锁紧力，为下一步的变轨做好准备；实现了支撑轨10、轴箱体90、外套筒83、锁紧销86的精确定位，减少了轴箱体90和外套筒83对锁紧销86的横向力，进而减小了锁紧销86动作时的垂向摩擦阻力，有利于锁紧销86的解锁动作顺利进行。
当轮对靠近锁紧段60时，如图14所示，推紧定位装置70从轮对内侧压紧车轮81，此时，车轮81带动外套筒83向外略微移动，使得外套筒83与轴箱体90的外端盖93贴靠，如图12所示；且此时支撑轨10内侧与轴箱体90下侧轴向内端的外止挡94贴靠(如图14所示)，此时，锁紧销86的凸耳863两侧与凹槽832均无作用力，实现了支撑轨10、轴箱体90、外套筒83、锁紧销86的精确定位，减少了轴箱体90和外套筒83对锁紧销86的横向力，进而减小了锁紧销86动作时的垂向摩擦阻力，有利于锁紧销86的锁紧动作顺利进行。
当然，当变轨距轮对80从第二导轨40向第一导轨20的方向运行时，原先的锁紧段60变为解锁段50，原先的解锁段50变为锁紧段60，且变为由宽轨向标准轨变轨，整个过程是上述过程的相反过程。
本公开的实施例中，如图13-14所示，所述推紧定位装置70优选包括沿所述支撑轨10的长度方向间隔设置的多个可伸缩推杆71，所述可伸缩推杆71的轴向垂直于所述支撑轨10的长度方向，所述推紧定位装置70还包括固定部72，所述固定部72固定于地面，所述可伸缩推杆71可沿所述固定部72的轴向来回移动，所述可伸缩推杆71的端部设有弹性套，以减小可伸缩推杆71与车轮81之间的摩擦力。优选地，所述推紧定位装置70为液压或气压作动器，以方便根据控制指令自动施加推力。
为了方便可伸缩推杆71直接抵接到车轮81，位于所述解锁段50外侧 的一对所述支撑轨10与所述推紧定位装置70相对的位置处分别设有供所述可伸缩推杆71穿过的定位孔。
需要说明的是，为了减小轴箱体90与支撑轨10之间的摩擦，所述支撑轨10的上表面可以设有沿所述支撑轨10的长度方向排列的若干辊子，若干辊子的滚动方向与轴箱体90的移动方向一致，此外，为了增加轴箱体90的耐磨性，可以在轴箱体90的底面增加耐磨板。
并且，为了对进入解锁段50之前和之后的车轮81均平稳施加横向推力，以及对进入锁紧段60之前和之后的车轮81均平稳施加横向推力，沿所述解锁段50的两端向外延伸排布有所述推紧定位装置70；沿所述锁紧段60的两端向外延伸排布有所述推紧定位装置70。
由以上实施例可以看出，本公开实施例通过在解锁段50及其附近、锁紧段60及其附近设置推紧定位装置70，提高了变轨距轮对80锁紧机构的定位精度，有利于锁紧销86的解锁/锁紧动作顺利进行。
以上所述仅为本公开的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构，其特征在于，所述地面变轨结构包括平行设置的一对支撑轨和沿一对所述支撑轨的内侧依次设置的一对第一导轨、一对变轨距导向轨和一对第二导轨；所述第一导轨与所述变轨距导向轨之间设有解锁段，所述变轨距导向轨与所述第二导轨之间设有锁紧段；所述解锁段的内/外侧和锁紧段的内/外侧分别设有推紧定位装置，所述推紧定位装置用于向经过所述解锁段和锁紧段的变轨距转向架的变轨距轮对施加横向推力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构，其特征在于，所述变轨距轮对包括车轮、车轴和锁紧机构；所述车轮设于所述车轴的两端，且与所述车轴通过花键连接；所述锁紧机构分别设于所述车轮的外侧，且位于所述车轴两端的轴箱体中，所述锁紧机构与所述车轮连接，所述推紧定位装置用于向经过所述解锁段和锁紧段的所述车轮施加横向推力。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构，其特征在于，所述锁紧机构包括内套筒、滚动轴承、外套筒和锁紧销；
    所述内套筒、滚动轴承和外套筒由内向外依次紧密套接，所述内套筒与所述车轴间隙配合，所述内套筒朝向所述车轮的一端延伸出所述轴箱体且与所述车轮紧固连接，所述外套筒与所述轴箱体的内表面间隙配合，所述外套筒外的相对两侧分别设有沿所述外套筒轴向延伸的凸台，沿所述凸台的长度方向间隔设有多个凹槽，所述轴箱体的内侧壁设有与所述凹槽一一对应的内凹弧面，所述凹槽与所述内凹弧面限定出所述锁紧销的锁紧空间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构，其特征在于，所述锁紧销包括销体，所述销体的一侧开设有一开口槽，所述开口槽沿所述销体的径向贯通，所述开口槽内设有至少一个沿所述销体轴向延伸的凸耳，所述凸耳的上端与所述开口槽的槽顶连接，所述凸耳的下端与所述开口槽的槽底之间设有缺口，所述凸耳用于***所述凹槽中，所述销***于所述凸耳的相对另一侧用于***所述内凹弧面中。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构，其特 征在于，所述销体的底面在位于其中心轴线的两侧分别设置为从中心轴线向两侧向上倾斜的导向斜面；所述销体通过复位弹簧安装在所述轴箱体中；所述销体的上端与所述复位弹簧连接，所述销体的下端延伸出所述轴箱体的底部。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构，其特征在于，所述支撑轨与所述解锁段相对的一段设有倾斜向上的解锁斜面；所述支撑轨与所述锁紧段相对的一段设有倾斜向下的锁紧斜面，所述解锁斜面、锁紧斜面与所述导向斜面的倾斜角度一致。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构，其特征在于，所述轴箱体的内端面设有供所述外套筒滑移的通孔，所述通孔的周向形成内止挡，所述轴箱体的外端面设有外端盖，所述轴箱体外的下侧轴向两端分别设有外止挡；所述第一导轨朝向所述变轨距导向轨的一端设置为倾斜向下的第一坡面，所述第二导轨朝向所述变轨距导向轨的一端设置为倾斜向上的第二坡面。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构，其特征在于，所述推紧定位装置包括沿所述支撑轨的长度方向间隔设置的多个可伸缩推杆，所述可伸缩推杆的轴向垂直于所述支撑轨的长度方向。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构，其特征在于，所述推紧定位装置还包括固定部，所述固定部固定于地面，所述可伸缩推杆可沿所述固定部的轴向来回移动，所述可伸缩推杆的端部设有弹性套。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构，其特征在于，所述推紧定位装置为液压或气压作动器。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构，其特征在于，一对所述第一导轨之间的轨距小于一对所述第二导轨之间的轨距；所述推紧定位装置设于所述解锁段相对的所述支撑轨外侧，所述推紧定位装置设于所述锁紧段的内侧。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构，其特征在于，沿所述解锁段的两端向外延伸排布有所述推紧定位装置；沿所 述锁紧段的两端向外延伸排布有所述推紧定位装置。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的用于变轨距转向架的地面变轨结构，其特征在于，位于所述解锁段外侧的一对所述支撑轨与所述推紧定位装置相对的位置处分别设有供所述可伸缩推杆穿过的定位孔。
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