WO2019181883A1 - 液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019181883A1 WO2019181883A1 PCT/JP2019/011260 JP2019011260W WO2019181883A1 WO 2019181883 A1 WO2019181883 A1 WO 2019181883A1 JP 2019011260 W JP2019011260 W JP 2019011260W WO 2019181883 A1 WO2019181883 A1 WO 2019181883A1
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- liquid crystal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/38—Polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transmission / scattering type liquid crystal display element that is in a transmission state when a voltage is applied.
- a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode As a liquid crystal display element, a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode has been put into practical use. In this mode, it is necessary to use a polarizing plate in order to switch light using the optical rotation characteristics of the liquid crystal. When a polarizing plate is used, the light use efficiency is lowered.
- a liquid crystal display element that does not use a polarizing plate there is an element that performs switching between a liquid crystal transmission state (also referred to as a transparent state) and a scattering state.
- PDLC Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal
- PNLC Polymer Network Liquid Crystal
- liquid crystal display elements In these liquid crystal display elements, a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound that is polymerized by ultraviolet rays is placed between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and the liquid crystal composition is cured by irradiation with ultraviolet rays, whereby the liquid crystal and the polymerizable compound are polymerized. Forms a complex with a cured product of the compound (eg, a polymer network).
- the scattering state and the transmission state of the liquid crystal are controlled by applying a voltage.
- Liquid crystal display elements using PDLC or PNLC are in a cloudy (scattering) state when the voltage is not applied, because the liquid crystal is in a random direction.
- the liquid crystal is aligned in the electric field direction and transmits light.
- a transmissive state also referred to as a normal element.
- the electrode and the liquid crystal layer are in direct contact (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal composition has a role of forming a polymer network to obtain desired optical characteristics and a role of improving the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the electrode.
- This element has a higher driving voltage than a liquid crystal display element such as a TN mode.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element that exhibits good optical characteristics and has a low driving voltage for the liquid crystal display element.
- the present invention has a liquid crystal layer that is cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays to a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal and a polymerizable compound disposed between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and in a scattering state when no voltage is applied.
- X 2 represents a single bond, —O—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CH 2 O—, — CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO—, —COO— or —OCO—, wherein X 3 is a single bond or — (CH 2 ) a — (a is X 4 represents a single bond, —O—, —OCH 2 —, —COO— or —OCO—, and X 5 represents a group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring and a heterocyclic ring.
- a divalent organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton, and an arbitrary hydrogen atom on the cyclic group is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a carbon number
- X 6 be substituted by a fluorine atom -, - CH 2 -, - OCH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - COO- or -OCO- shown .
- X 7 is A cyclic group selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring and a heterocyclic ring, and any hydrogen atom on these cyclic groups is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1
- Xm represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- X A represents a hydrogen atom or a benzene ring.
- the element of the present invention is used for a liquid crystal display intended for display as a normal type element, a dimming window for controlling transmission and blocking of light, an optical shutter element, and the like.
- the mechanism by which the liquid crystal display device having the above-described excellent characteristics is obtained by the present invention is not necessarily clear, but is estimated as follows.
- the liquid crystal composition used in the present invention contains a liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy, a polymerizable compound, and a compound represented by the formula [1] (also referred to as a specific compound).
- the specific compound has a portion having a rigid structure such as a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring and a portion that undergoes a polymerization reaction by ultraviolet rays represented by X 1 in the formula [1]. Therefore, when such a specific compound is included in the liquid crystal composition, the rigid structure portion of the specific compound increases the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal, promotes the driving of the liquid crystal accompanying voltage application, and lowers the driving voltage of the liquid crystal display element. it can.
- the liquid crystal display element using the liquid crystal composition of the present invention is a normal type element having good optical characteristics and a low driving voltage of the liquid crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal composition in the present invention contains a liquid crystal, a polymerizable compound, and a specific compound represented by the formula [1].
- a liquid crystal nematic liquid crystal, smectic liquid crystal, or cholesteric liquid crystal can be used.
- two or more kinds of liquid crystals can be mixed and used according to the respective physical property values of the phase transition temperature, dielectric anisotropy and refractive index anisotropy.
- liquid crystal display element As an active element such as a TFT (Thin Film Transistor), it is required that the liquid crystal has a high electric resistance and a high voltage holding ratio (also referred to as VHR). For this reason, it is preferable to use a fluorine-based or chlorine-based liquid crystal that has high electrical resistance and does not lower VHR by active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays.
- active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays.
- the liquid crystal display element can be made into a guest-host type element by dissolving a dichroic dye in a liquid crystal composition.
- a dichroic dye in this case, an element that absorbs (scatters) when no voltage is applied and becomes transparent when a voltage is applied can be obtained.
- the direction of the liquid crystal director changes by 90 degrees depending on the presence or absence of voltage application. Therefore, this liquid crystal display element can obtain a higher contrast than the conventional guest-host type element that switches between random alignment and vertical alignment by utilizing the difference in light absorption characteristics of the dichroic dye.
- a guest-host type element in which a dichroic dye is dissolved is colored when the liquid crystal is aligned in the horizontal direction, and is opaque only in the scattering state. Therefore, as the voltage is applied, it is possible to obtain an element that switches from colored and opaque when no voltage is applied to colored and colorless and transparent.
- the polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal composition is for forming a curable resin by a polymerization reaction by irradiation with ultraviolet rays when producing a liquid crystal display element. Therefore, a polymer obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable compound in advance may be introduced into the liquid crystal composition. However, even when a polymer is used, it is necessary to have a site that undergoes a polymerization reaction upon irradiation with ultraviolet rays.
- a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound is preferably used from the viewpoint of handling of the liquid crystal composition, that is, suppressing the increase in viscosity of the liquid crystal composition and solubility in the liquid crystal.
- the polymerizable compound is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves in the liquid crystal, but when the polymerizable compound is dissolved in the liquid crystal, it is necessary that a temperature at which a part or the whole of the liquid crystal composition exhibits a liquid crystal phase exists. Even in the case where a part of the liquid crystal composition exhibits a liquid crystal phase, it is only necessary that the liquid crystal display element is confirmed with the naked eye and the entire element has substantially uniform scattering characteristics and transparency.
- the polymerizable compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that is polymerized by ultraviolet rays. At that time, the polymerization may proceed in any reaction form to form a curable resin.
- Specific reaction formats include radical polymerization, cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, or polyaddition reaction. Among these, radical polymerization is preferable as the reaction mode of the polymerizable compound from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element. In that case, the following radical type polymerizable compounds or oligomers thereof can be used as the polymerizable compound. Further, as described above, a polymer obtained by polymerizing these polymerizable compounds can also be used. Specific examples of the radical type polymerizable compound or oligomer thereof include the radical type polymerizable compounds described on pages 69 to 71 of International Publication No. 2015/146987 (published 2015. 10.1).
- the use ratio of the radical polymerizable compound or oligomer thereof is preferably 70 to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition, from the viewpoint of adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the electrode of the liquid crystal display element. 80 to 110 parts by mass is more preferable.
- the radical type polymerizable compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more depending on each characteristic.
- a radical initiator that generates radicals by ultraviolet rays also referred to as a polymerization initiator
- a radical initiator that generates radicals by ultraviolet rays
- a radical initiator that generates radicals by ultraviolet rays
- Specific examples include radical initiators described on pages 71 to 72 of International Publication No. 2015/146987.
- the use ratio of the radical initiator is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition, from the viewpoint of adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the electrode of the liquid crystal display element. More preferable is 10 parts by mass.
- a radical initiator can also be used 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types according to each characteristic.
- the specific compound is a compound represented by the formula [1].
- X 1 to X 8 and Xm are as defined above, and among them, the following are preferable.
- X 1 is preferably the formula [1-a], the formula [1-b], the formula [1-c], the formula [1-d], the formula [1-e], or the formula [1-f]. More preferred is 1-a], formula [1-b], formula [1-c] or formula [1-e], and most preferred is formula [1-a] or formula [1-b].
- X 2 is preferably a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —CONH—, —COO— or —OCO—, more preferably a single bond, —O—, —COO— or —OCO—.
- X 3 is preferably a single bond or — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 10), more preferably — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 10).
- X 4 is preferably a single bond, —O— or —COO—, and more preferably —O—.
- X 5 is preferably a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, or a divalent organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton, and more preferably a divalent organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a benzene ring or steroid skeleton.
- X 6 is preferably a single bond, —O—, —COO— or —OCO—, and more preferably a single bond, —COO— or —OCO—.
- X 7 is preferably a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring.
- X 8 is preferably an alkyl group or alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkyl group or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Xm is preferably an integer of 0-2.
- More specific specific compounds include compounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulas [1a-1] to [1a-11], and these are preferably used.
- X a represents —O— or —COO—.
- X b represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- P1 represents an integer of 1 to 10.
- p2 represents an integer of 1 or 2. Show.
- X c represents a single bond, —COO— or —OCO—.
- X d represents an alkyl group or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- P3 represents an integer of 1 to 10.
- p4 represents Indicates an integer of 1 or 2.
- X e represents —O— or —COO—
- X f represents a divalent organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton
- X g represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or Represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms
- p5 represents an integer of 1 to 10.
- the content ratio of the specific compound is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition from the viewpoint of adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the electrode of the liquid crystal display element, and preferably 0.5 to More preferred is 20 parts by mass, and most preferred is 1 to 10 parts by mass.
- a specific compound can also be used 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types according to each characteristic.
- a method for preparing the liquid crystal composition a method in which a single compound or a mixture of a plurality of types of polymerizable compounds and a specific compound is added to a liquid crystal, or a liquid crystal in which a specific compound is added in advance is prepared.
- the method of adding the polymerizable compound is mentioned.
- a plurality of types of polymerizable compounds are used, they can be heated according to the solubility of the polymerizable compound when they are mixed.
- the temperature at that time is preferably less than 100 ° C. The same applies to the case where the polymerizable compound and the specific compound are mixed and the case where the liquid crystal and the specific compound are mixed.
- the substrate used for the liquid crystal display element is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate.
- a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate, a polycarbonate substrate, a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrate, and a film thereof. Can be used.
- a plastic substrate or a film is preferable. From the viewpoint of simplifying the process, it is preferable to use a substrate on which an ITO electrode for driving a liquid crystal, an IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide) electrode, an IGZO (Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide) electrode, an organic conductive film, or the like is formed.
- a substrate on which a metal such as a silicon wafer or aluminum or a dielectric multilayer film is formed can be used as long as the substrate is only on one side.
- the liquid crystal composition used in the liquid crystal display element is the liquid crystal composition as described above, and a spacer for controlling the electrode gap (also referred to as a gap) of the liquid crystal display element can be introduced therein.
- the injection method of a liquid crystal composition is not specifically limited, For example, the following method is mentioned. That is, when a glass substrate is used as a substrate, prepare a pair of substrates, apply a sealant to four pieces of the substrate on one side, except for a part, and then place the electrode surface on the inside, An empty cell on which the substrates are bonded is manufactured. And the method of injecting a liquid-crystal composition under reduced pressure from the place where the sealing agent is not apply
- liquid crystal display element of the present invention since the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the electrode is high, it is not necessary to apply the sealing agent to the four pieces of the substrate.
- the gap of the liquid crystal display element can be controlled by the above-described spacer or the like.
- Examples of the method include a method of introducing a spacer having a target size into the liquid crystal composition and a method using a substrate having a column spacer of a target size as described above.
- the gap can be controlled without introducing a spacer.
- the size of the gap of the liquid crystal display element is preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 2 to 30 ⁇ m. If the gap is too small, the contrast of the liquid crystal display element is lowered. If the gap is too large, the driving voltage of the element is increased.
- the liquid crystal display element is obtained by curing the liquid crystal composition and forming a liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal composition is cured by irradiating the liquid crystal composition injection cell with ultraviolet rays.
- the light source of the ultraviolet irradiation device used at that time include a metal halide lamp and a high-pressure mercury lamp.
- the wavelength of the ultraviolet rays is preferably 250 to 400 nm, and more preferably 310 to 370 nm.
- heat treatment may be performed after irradiation with ultraviolet rays.
- the temperature at that time is preferably 20 to 120 ° C, more preferably 30 to 100 ° C.
- the liquid crystal display element before this treatment was cut with a wavelength of 350 nm or less using a metal halide lamp with an illuminance of 20 mW / cm 2 and irradiated with ultraviolet rays for an irradiation time of 60 seconds. Thereby, a liquid crystal display element (glass substrate) was obtained.
- Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 As shown in Table 10 below, using the liquid crystal compositions (1) to (5), liquid crystal display elements were prepared and optical characteristics (scattering characteristics and transparency) were evaluated by the above-described method. . At that time, in Example 1, Example 3, Example 5, Example 7, and Comparative Example 1, a liquid crystal display element was prepared and evaluated using a glass substrate, and Example 2, Example 4, Example were performed. 6. In Example 8 and Comparative Example 2, a plastic substrate was used.
- the liquid crystal display element of the example has a lower haze in the voltage application state and a lower haze at a lower voltage than the comparative example. That is, in the embodiment, good optical characteristics (transparency) are exhibited, and the driving voltage of the liquid crystal display element is lowered.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 and the comparison between Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 which are comparisons under the same conditions. These results were the same even when a plastic substrate was used as the substrate of the liquid crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be suitably used for a normal type element that is in a scattering state when no voltage is applied and becomes transparent when a voltage is applied.
- the element can be used for a liquid crystal display for display purposes, as well as a light control window and an optical shutter element for controlling the blocking and transmission of light.
- a substrate can be used.
Abstract
Description
偏光板を用いない液晶表示素子として、液晶の透過状態(透明状態ともいう。)と散乱状態との間でスイッチングを行う素子がある。一般的には、高分子分散型液晶(PDLC(Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal)ともいう。)や高分子ネットワーク型液晶(PNLC(Polymer Network Liquid Crystal)ともいう。)を用いたものが知られている。
以上の点から、本発明は、良好な光学特性を発現し、液晶表示素子の駆動電圧が低くなる液晶表示素子を提供することを目的とする。
即ち、本発明は、電極を備えた一対の基板の間に配置した液晶及び重合性化合物を含む液晶組成物に対し、紫外線を照射して硬化させた液晶層を有する、電圧無印加時に散乱状態となり、電圧印加時には透明状態となる液晶表示素子であって、前記液晶が、正の誘電異方性を有し、かつ前記液晶組成物が、下記式[1]で表される化合物を含むことを特徴とする液晶表示素子にある。
(XAは水素原子又はベンゼン環を示す。)
本発明により何故に上記の優れた特性を有する液晶表示素子が得られるメカニズムは、必ずしも明らかではないが、ほぼ次のように推定される。
以上の点から、本発明における液晶組成物を用いた液晶表示素子は、光学特性が良好で、液晶表示素子の駆動電圧が低くなるノーマル型素子となる。
本発明における液晶組成物は、液晶、重合性化合物及び前記式[1]で表される特定化合物を含有する。
液晶には、ネマチック液晶、スメクチック液晶又はコレステリック液晶を用いることができる。なかでも、本発明においては、正の誘電異方性を有するのが好ましい。また、低電圧駆動及び散乱特性の点からは、誘電率の異方性が大きく、屈折率の異方性が大きいものが好ましい。また、液晶には、前記の相転移温度、誘電率異方性及び屈折率異方性の各物性値に応じて、2種類以上の液晶を混合して用いることができる。
重合性化合物は、液晶に溶解すれば、特に限定されないが、重合性化合物を液晶に溶解した際に、液晶組成物の一部又は全体が液晶相を示す温度が存在することが必要となる。液晶組成物の一部が液晶相を示す場合であっても、液晶表示素子を肉眼で確認して、素子内全体が、ほぼ一様な散乱特性と透明性が得られていれば良い。
なかでも、重合性化合物の反応形式は、液晶表示素子の光学特性の点から、ラジカル重合が好ましい。その際、重合性化合物としては、下記のラジカル型の重合性化合物、又はそのオリゴマーを用いることができる。また、前記の通り、これらの重合性化合物を重合反応させたポリマーを用いることもできる。
ラジカル型の重合性化合物又はそのオリゴマーの具体例は、国際公開第2015/146987(2015.10.1公開)の69頁~71頁に記載されるラジカル型の重合性化合物が挙げられる。
前記硬化性樹脂の形成を促進させるため、液晶組成物中には、重合性化合物のラジカル重合を促進させる目的で、紫外線により、ラジカルを発生するラジカル開始剤(重合開始剤ともいう)を導入することが好ましい。
具体的には、国際公開第2015/146987の71頁~72頁に記載されるラジカル開始剤が挙げられる。
特定化合物は、前記式[1]で表される化合物である。
X1は前記式[1-a]、式[1-b]、式[1-c]、式[1-d]、式[1-e]又は式[1-f]が好ましく、式[1-a]、式[1-b]、式[1-c]又は式[1-e]がより好ましく、式[1-a]又は式[1-b]が最も好ましい。
X2は単結合、-O-、-CH2O-、-CONH-、-COO-又は-OCO-が好ましく、単結合、-O-、-COO-又は-OCO-がより好ましい。
X4は単結合、-O-又は-COO-が好ましく、-O-がより好ましい。
X5はベンゼン環又はシクロヘキサン環、又はステロイド骨格を有する炭素数17~51の2価の有機基が好ましく、ベンゼン環又はステロイド骨格を有する炭素数17~51の2価の有機基がより好ましい。
X6は単結合、-O-、-COO-又は-OCO-が好ましく、単結合、-COO-又は-OCO-がより好ましい。
X8は炭素数1~18のアルキル基若しくはアルコキシ基、又は炭素数2~18のアルケニル基が好ましく、炭素数1~12のアルキル基又はアルコキシ基がより好ましい。Xmは0~2の整数が好ましい。
複数種の重合性化合物を用いる場合、それらを混合する際に重合性化合物の溶解性に応じて、加熱することもできる。その際の温度は100℃未満が好ましい。また、重合性化合物と特定化合物とを混合する場合、及び液晶と特定化合物とを混合する場合も同様である。
液晶表示素子に用いる基板としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板の他、アクリル基板、ポリカーボネート基板、PET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)基板などのプラスチック基板、更には、それらのフィルムを用いることができる。特に、調光窓などに用いる場合には、プラスチック基板やフィルムが好ましい。また、プロセスの簡素化の観点からは、液晶駆動のためのITO電極、IZO(Indium Zinc Oxide)電極、IGZO(Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide)電極、有機導電膜などが形成された基板を用いることが好ましい。また、反射型の液晶表示素子とする場合には、片側の基板のみにならば、シリコンウエハやアルミニウムなどの金属や誘電体多層膜が形成された基板を使用できる。
液晶組成物の注入方法は、特に限定されないが、例えば、次の方法が挙げられる。即ち、基板にガラス基板を用いる場合、一対の基板を用意し、片側の基板の4片を、一部分を除いてシール剤を塗布し、その後、電極面が内側になるようにして、もう片側の基板を貼り合わせた空セルを作製する。そして、シール剤が塗布されていない場所から液晶組成物を減圧注入して、液晶組成物注入セルを得る方法が挙げられる。更に、基板にプラスチック基板やフィルムを用いる場合には、一対の基板を用意し、片側の基板の上にODF(One Drop Filling)法やインクジェット法などで、液晶組成物を滴下し、その後、もう片側の基板を貼り合わせて、液晶組成物注入セルを得る方法が挙げられる。本発明の液晶表示素子では、液晶層と電極との密着性が高いため、基板の4片にシール剤を塗布しなくても良い。
液晶表示素子のギャップの大きさは、1~100μmが好ましく、1~50μmがより好ましく、2~30μmが特に好ましい。ギャップが小さすぎると、液晶表示素子のコントラストが低下し、大きすぎると、素子の駆動電圧が高くなる。
R1:IBXA(大阪有機化学工業社製)
R2:2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート
R3:KAYARAD FM-400(日本化薬社製)
R4:EBECRYL 230(ダイセル・オルネクス社製)
R5:カレンズMT PE1(昭和電工社製)
<光ラジカル開始剤>
P1:IRGACURE 184(BASF社製)
<液晶>
L1:MLC-3018(メルク社製)
R1(1.20g)、R2(0.30g)、R3(1.20g)、R4(0.90g)及びR5(0.30g)を混合し、60℃で2時間撹拌して、重合性化合物の溶液を作製した。その一方で、S1(0.20g)及びL1(5.80g)を混合し、25℃で2時間撹拌して特定化合物を含む液晶を作製した。その後、作製した重合性化合物の溶液、特定化合物を含む液晶、及びP1(0.10g)を混合し、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶組成物(1)を得た。
R1(1.20g)、R2(0.30g)、R3(1.20g)、R4(0.90g)及びR5(0.30g)を混合し、60℃で2時間撹拌して、重合性化合物の溶液を作製した。その一方で、S1(0.80g)及びL1(5.20g)を混合し、25℃で2時間撹拌して特定化合物を含む液晶を作製した。その後、作製した重合性化合物の溶液、特定化合物を含む液晶、及びP1(0.10g)を混合し、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶組成物(2)を得た。
R1(1.20g)、R2(0.30g)、R3(1.20g)、R4(0.90g)及びR5(0.30g)を混合し、60℃で2時間撹拌して、重合性化合物の溶液を作製した。その一方で、S2(0.40g)及びL1(5.60g)を混合し、25℃で2時間撹拌して特定化合物を含む液晶を作製した。その後、作製した重合性化合物の溶液、特定化合物を含む液晶、及びP1(0.10g)を混合し、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶組成物(3)を得た。
R1(1.20g)、R2(0.30g)、R3(1.20g)、R4(0.90g)及びR5(0.30g)を混合し、60℃で2時間撹拌して、重合性化合物の溶液を作製した。その一方で、S1(0.20g)、S2(0.10g)及びL1(5.70g)を混合し、25℃で2時間撹拌して特定化合物を含む液晶を作製した。その後、作製した重合性化合物の溶液、特定化合物を含む液晶、及びP1(0.10g)を混合し、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶組成物(4)を得た。
R1(1.20g)、R2(0.30g)、R3(1.20g)、R4(0.90g)及びR5(0.30g)を混合し、60℃で2時間撹拌して、重合性化合物の溶液を作製した。その後、作製した重合性化合物の溶液、L1(6.00g)及びP1(0.10g)を混合し、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶組成物(5)を得た。
純水及びIPA(イソプロピルアルコール)で洗浄したITO電極付きガラス基板(縦:100mm、横:100mm、厚さ:0.7mm)を2枚用意し、その一方の基板のITO面に、粒子径が15μmのスペーサー(商品名:ミクロパール、積水化学社製)を塗布した。その後、その基盤のスペーサーを塗布した面に、ODF(One Drop Filling)法にて前記の液晶組成物(1)~(5)を滴下し、次いで、他方の基板のITO面が向き合うように貼り合わせを行い、処理前の液晶表示素子を得た。
この処理前の液晶表示素子に、照度20mW/cm2のメタルハライドランプを用いて、350nm以下の波長をカットし、照射時間60秒で紫外線照射を行った。これにより、液晶表示素子(ガラス基板)を得た。
純水で洗浄したITO電極付きPET基板(縦:150mm、横:150mm、厚さ:0.1mm)を2枚用意し、その一方の基板のITO面に、前記20μmのスペーサーを塗布した。その後、その基板のスペーサーを塗布したITO面に、ODF法にて前記の液晶組成物(1)~(5)を滴下し、次いで、他方の基板のITO面が向き合うように貼り合わせを行い、処理前の液晶表示素子を得た。なお、ODF法にて、液晶組成物の滴下及び貼り合わせを行う際には、ITO電極付きPET基板の支持基板としてガラス基板を用いた。その後、紫外線を照射する前に、その支持基板を外した。
この処理前の液晶表示素子に、前記の「液晶表示素子の作製(ガラス基板)」と同様の手法で紫外線を照射し、液晶表示素子(プラスチック基板)を得た。
本評価は、液晶表示素子(ガラス基板及びプラスチック基板)の電圧無印加状態(0V)及び電圧印加状態(交流駆動:10V~50V)のHaze(曇り度)を測定することで行った。その際、Hazeは、JIS K 7136に準拠し、ヘーズメータ(HZ-V3,スガ試験機社製)で測定した。なお、本評価では、電圧無印加状態のHazeが高いほど散乱特性に優れ、電圧印加状態でのHazeが低いほど透明性に優れるとした。 Hazeの結果を、表10にまとめて示す。
下記の表10に示されるように、前記の液晶組成物(1)~(5)を用いて、前記の手法で液晶表示素子の作製及び光学特性(散乱特性と透明性)の評価を行った。
その際、実施例1、実施例3、実施例5、実施例7及び比較例1は、ガラス基板を用いて液晶表示素子の作製と各評価を行い、実施例2、実施例4、実施例6、実施例8及び比較例2では、プラスチック基板を用いた。
具体的には、同一の条件での比較である、実施例1と比較例1との比較、及び実施例2と比較例2との比較から明らかである。これらの結果は、液晶表示素子の基板にプラスチック基板を用いても同様であった。
なお、2018年3月20日に出願された日本特許出願2018-052662号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面、及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (6)
- 電極を備えた一対の基板の間に配置した液晶及び重合性化合物を含む液晶組成物に対し、紫外線を照射して硬化させた液晶層を有する、電圧無印加時に散乱状態となり、電圧印加時には透明状態となる液晶表示素子であって、
前記液晶が、正の誘電異方性を有し、かつ、
前記液晶組成物が、下記式[1]で表される化合物を含むことを特徴とする液晶表示素子。
- 前記式[1]で表される化合物の導入量が、液晶100質量部に対して、0.5~20質量部である請求項1に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記式[1]中のX1が、前記式[1-a]、式[1-b]、式[1-c]、式[1-d]、式[1-e]又は式[1-f]である請求項1又は2に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記式[1]で表される化合物が、下記式[1a-1]~式[1a-11]からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1又は2の液晶表示素子。
(Xeは、-O-又は-COO-を示す。Xfは、ステロイド骨格を有する炭素数17~51の2価の有機基を示す。Xgは、炭素数1~12のアルキル基又は炭素数2~18のアルケニル基を示す。p5は、1~10の整数を示す。) - 前記液晶表示素子の基板が、ガラス基板又はプラスチック基板である請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記液晶表示素子が、調光窓又は光シャッター素子である請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示素子。
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JP2001004986A (ja) * | 1999-06-22 | 2001-01-12 | Optrex Corp | 液晶光学素子およびその製造方法 |
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