WO2019003464A1 - ガラス組成物及びこれを用いたガラス製品 - Google Patents
ガラス組成物及びこれを用いたガラス製品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019003464A1 WO2019003464A1 PCT/JP2017/036810 JP2017036810W WO2019003464A1 WO 2019003464 A1 WO2019003464 A1 WO 2019003464A1 JP 2017036810 W JP2017036810 W JP 2017036810W WO 2019003464 A1 WO2019003464 A1 WO 2019003464A1
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004031 devitrification Methods 0.000 description 25
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002419 bulk glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006025 fining agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001849 group 12 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007088 Archimedes method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000075 oxide glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L21/00—Compositions of unspecified rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C12/00—Powdered glass; Bead compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
- C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/095—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing rare earths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
- C08J5/042—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with carbon fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/40—Glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/14—Glass
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
- D04H1/4218—Glass fibres
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a glass composition suitable for glass fiber etc. Specifically, a glass fiber product suitable for use as a rubber reinforcing cord, a glass fiber product such as a glass fiber non-woven fabric, a filler etc. And a glass product made of the glass composition.
- a rubber reinforcing cord is used as a reinforcing material for a rubber product which is repeatedly subjected to bending stress.
- the rubber reinforcing cord is embedded in a rubber product such as a rubber belt or a tire to suppress the elongation and the strength decrease of the rubber product, and contributes to the improvement of the dimensional stability of the rubber product and the prolongation of the fatigue life.
- fibers for constituting a rubber reinforcing cord glass fibers are known together with aramid fibers, carbon fibers, polyester fibers and the like.
- Patent Document 1 discloses glass fibers made of a glass composition having a high elastic modulus as glass fibers suitable for a rubber reinforcing cord.
- the Young's modulus (tensile elastic modulus) of most of the glass compositions provided for practical use is 90 GPa or less, but the Young's modulus of the glass composition of Patent Document 1 exceeds 100 GPa.
- This glass composition comprises, as a percentage by weight, 10 to 40% SiO 2 , 10 to 30% Al 2 O 3 , and 20 to 60% Y 2 O 3 + La 2 O 3 as essential components. It is.
- Patent Document 3 discloses glass fibers using oxynitride glass to provide glass fibers with high strength.
- the oxynitride glass is a glass in which a part of oxygen atoms of the oxide glass is substituted by nitrogen atoms.
- the glass fiber of Patent Document 3 contains a nitride such as silicon nitride at a ratio of more than 10% by weight.
- the glass composition disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a high Young's modulus, but requires 20% by weight or more of Y 2 O 3 and / or La 2 O 3 . For this reason, a considerable amount of rare earth raw material is required for the production, and the production cost becomes high. In addition, the glass composition becomes relatively heavy because of the oxide of the rare earth contained at 20% by weight or more.
- the elastic modulus of the glass fiber disclosed in Patent Document 2 does not actually increase to the extent required in some glass fiber products represented by rubber reinforcing cords. . It is considered that this is because the content of SiO 2 in the glass composition is too high.
- the content of SiO 2 is in a range exceeding 65% in terms of mol% .
- the oxynitride glass as disclosed in Patent Document 3 needs to melt the glass material in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- platinum-based materials usually used for melting glass can not be used for the inner wall of the furnace for melting the raw material of oxynitride glass, and special materials are required.
- a glass composition having a high modulus of elasticity in particular a Young's modulus.
- the practical strength of glass fiber is affected by the occurrence of fine cracks and breakage due to their elongation.
- the strength against micro cracks is greatly affected not only by the Young's modulus but also by the crack resistance load. Therefore, to obtain high strength glass fibers, it is desirable to use a glass composition that has a high Young's modulus and a high crack resistance resistance.
- higher strength is also required for particulate glass used as a filler for reinforcing a base material such as a plastic.
- the present invention provides a glass composition having a high Young's modulus and a large crack resistance load within the range of the composition which can be produced by a general-purpose glass manufacturing apparatus without requiring a large amount of a rare earth raw material. With the goal.
- the present invention is expressed in mol%, SiO 2 50 to 65% Al 2 O 3 7.5 to 26% MgO 15 to 30% CaO 0-8% B 2 O 3 0 to 3% Li 2 O 0 to 3% Na 2 O 0 to 0.2% Including
- the total content of MgO and CaO is in the range of 18 to 35 mol%,
- the molar ratio calculated by Al 2 O 3 / (MgO + CaO) is less than 1
- Provided is a glass composition.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a glass composition having a high Young's modulus and a large crack resistance load within the range of the composition which can be produced by a general-purpose glass manufacturing apparatus without requiring a large amount of rare earth raw material. .
- % indicating the content of the glass component is all mol% unless otherwise specified.
- substantially free of a component means that the content of the component is 0.1 mol% or less, preferably less than 0.08 mol%, more preferably less than 0.05 mol%. means.
- “particulate” means that it is a granular material having a maximum diameter of 5 mm or less, preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or less.
- each component of the glass composition (SiO 2 ) SiO 2 is a component that forms a glass skeleton, and its content is set in the range of 50 to 65%.
- the content of SiO 2 is preferably 52% or more, more preferably 53% or more, particularly preferably 54% or more, and in some cases, 56% or more, further preferably 57% or more. If the content of SiO 2 is too high, the Young's modulus may decrease. Therefore, the content of SiO 2 is preferably 62% or less, more preferably 61% or less, particularly preferably 60% or less, and in some cases, may be 59% or less, further 58% or less.
- the content of SiO 2 in the glass compositions disclosed so can calculate the composition of a molar basis in Patent Document 2 is greater than 65%.
- Al 2 O 3 contributes to maintaining the heat resistance, water resistance and the like of the glass composition, and is also a component that affects the devitrification temperature, viscosity and the like.
- the content of Al 2 O 3 is set in the range of 7.5 to 26%.
- the content of Al 2 O 3 is preferably 9% or more, more preferably 10% or more, particularly preferably 11% or more, and in some cases, 12% or more, or even 14% or more. If the content of Al 2 O 3 is too high, the liquidus temperature may be greatly increased, which may cause problems in production. Therefore, the content of Al 2 O 3 may be 24% or less, preferably 22% or less, and in some cases 20% or less, or even 19% or less.
- the devitrification temperature of the glass composition is preferably sufficiently lower than the liquidus temperature.
- the content of Al 2 O 3 suitable for lowering the devitrification temperature sufficiently below the liquidus temperature is 11 to 15%, furthermore 11 to 14%, in particular 11.5 to 13.5%.
- an appropriate amount of Li 2 O and / or B 2 O 3 may be added to sufficiently lower the devitrification temperature as compared to the liquidus temperature.
- the content of Al 2 O 3 suitable for sufficiently increasing the crack resistance load is 15 to 26%, further 16 to 22%, and particularly 17 to 21%.
- MgO MgO contributes to the improvement of Young's modulus and is also a component that affects the devitrification temperature, viscosity, and the like.
- the content of MgO is set in the range of 15 to 30%.
- the content of MgO is preferably 17% or more, more preferably 18% or more, particularly preferably 20% or more, and in some cases, 21% or more, or even 22% or more. If the content of MgO is too high, the liquidus temperature may rise significantly. Therefore, the content of MgO is preferably 29% or less, and in some cases, may be 28% or less, or even 27% or less.
- the content of MgO suitable for lowering the devitrification temperature sufficiently below the liquidus temperature is 18 to 30%, and further 20 to 28%.
- the content of MgO suitable for sufficiently increasing the crack resistance load is 17 to 30%, further 18 to 26%, in particular 22 to 26%.
- CaO CaO is an optional component that contributes to maintenance of water resistance and the like and affects the devitrification temperature, viscosity, and the like.
- the content of CaO is set in the range of 0 to 8%. Addition of an appropriate amount of CaO is preferable from the viewpoint of lowering the liquidus temperature. Therefore, it is preferable to add CaO (content rate is more than 0%), the content rate is 0.1% or more, more preferably 0.12% or more, and in some cases 2% or more, further 3% or more It may be However, too much CaO may lower the Young's modulus. Therefore, the content of CaO is preferably 7% or less, more preferably 5% or less.
- the content of CaO which is particularly suitable for the improvement of the Young's modulus and the crack resistance is less than 1%.
- the total content of MgO and CaO is set in the range of 18 to 35%, preferably 20 to 30%.
- the molar ratio of Al 2 O 3 to the sum of the content of MgO and CaO is set to less than 1. This facilitates coexistence of a high Young's modulus and a liquidus temperature not too high.
- the molar ratio Al 2 O 3 / (MgO + CaO) is preferably 0.3 to 0.9, more preferably 0.35 to 0.85, and in some cases 0.4 to 0.7, further preferably 0.4 to 0. It may be in the range of six.
- the molar ratio Al 2 O 3 / (MgO + CaO) particularly suitable for improvement of crack resistance load is 0.7 or more and less than 1, further 0.7 or more and 0.9 or less, and particularly 0.8 or more and 0.9 or less It is.
- B 2 O 3 is an optional component that forms the skeleton of glass and affects the characteristics such as the devitrification temperature and the viscosity.
- the content of B 2 O 3 is set in the range of 0 to 3%.
- the addition of trace amounts of B 2 O 3 may contribute to the reduction of the devitrification temperature. Therefore, it is preferable to add B 2 O 3 (content rate is more than 0%), the content rate is preferably 0.1% or more, particularly preferably 0.3% or more, and in some cases 0.5% or more, further May be 0.7% or more.
- too much B 2 O 3 may lower the Young's modulus.
- the content of B 2 O 3 is preferably 2.5% or less, more preferably 2% or less, particularly preferably 1.8% or less, and in some cases, may be 1.6% or less, or even 1.5% or less.
- An example of a preferable range of the content of B 2 O 3 is 0.1 to 1.6%.
- Li 2 O is a component that modifies the skeleton of glass, and is an optional component that affects properties such as liquidus temperature, devitrification temperature, and viscosity.
- the content of Li 2 O is set in the range of 0 to 3%.
- the addition of Li 2 O in this range is effective in lowering the devitrification temperature. Therefore, it is preferable to add Li 2 O (content rate is more than 0%), and the content rate is 0.1% or more, further 0.2% or more, particularly preferably 0.3% or more, depending on the case May be 0.5% or more, or even 0.7% or more. If the content of Li 2 O is too high, the Young's modulus may decrease.
- the content of Li 2 O is preferably 2.5% or less, more preferably 2% or less, particularly preferably 1.8% or less, and in some cases, may be 1.6% or less, or even 1.5% or less.
- An example of a preferred range of the Li 2 O content is 0.2 to 2.5%, which is a range higher than the Na 2 O content.
- B 2 O 3 and Li 2 O coexist (B 2 O 3 > 0%, Li 2 O> 0%), it becomes easy to properly adjust the liquidus temperature and the devitrification temperature of the glass .
- the total content of B 2 O 3 and Li 2 O is 0.1% or more, preferably 0.5% or more, particularly preferably 0.7% or more, and in some cases 1% or more It may be. Also, the total may be 5.5% or less, more preferably 5% or less, particularly 4%, and in some cases 3.5% or less.
- B 2 O 3 and Li 2 O are advantageous from the viewpoint of improving the characteristics.
- the molar ratio exhibited by B 2 O 3 / Li 2 O is in the range 0.2 to 5, even 0.4 to 2.5, in particular 0.5 to 2 and in some cases 0.8 to 1.25. Is preferred.
- Na 2 O Na 2 O is an optional component that affects properties such as liquidus temperature, devitrification temperature, and viscosity.
- the content is set in the range of 0 to 0.2%. Basically, it is desirable not to contain Na 2 O, but for the purpose of fining of the glass melt, it is limited to 0.2%, and further to 0.15%, for example, more than 0% and 0.1%. It is preferable to add in the range below.
- the total content of the seven components (SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, CaO, B 2 O 3 , Li 2 O and Na 2 O) described above is 95% or more, and more preferably 97% or more. It is preferably 98% or more, particularly 99% or more, and in some cases 99.5% or even 99.9% or more, and may be 100%.
- the glass composition consists only of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, CaO, B 2 O 3 , Li 2 O and Na 2 O .
- Additional component As the additional components other than the seven components described above, the following can be exemplified. However, the additional component is not limited to the following, and the display of the content of the additional component is also an example.
- K 2 O is also an optional component that affects properties such as liquidus temperature, devitrification temperature, viscosity and the like, and has an effect of promoting the clarification of the glass melt.
- its content should be set in the range of 0 to 0.1%, further 0 to 0.05%, particularly 0 to 0.03%. Is preferred.
- SrO is also an optional component that affects properties such as liquidus temperature, devitrification temperature, and viscosity. However, the addition of SrO may also lower the Young's modulus. Also, too much SrO may inhibit the homogeneity of the glass melt. Therefore, the content of SrO is preferably set in the range of 0 to 5%. The content of SrO is preferably 3% or less, more preferably 1% or less, particularly 0.5% or less, particularly 0.1% or less. The content of SrO is preferably set such that the total content with CaO is 8% or less, more preferably 6% or less, and particularly 5% or less.
- BaO is also an optional component that affects properties such as liquidus temperature, devitrification temperature, and viscosity. However, when BaO is added, the Young's modulus may be significantly reduced. Further, BaO is a component having a large environmental load and working environment. Therefore, BaO is preferably substantially not contained.
- Transition metal oxides etc. Oxides of transition elements (groups 3 to 11 of the periodic table) called transition metal oxides are also acceptable as an additional component.
- Examples of transition metal oxides include TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 and CeO 2 .
- ZnO which is an oxide of Group 12 elements, is also acceptable as an additional component. Although it is desirable to basically exclude these oxides, they may be inevitably mixed in as impurities derived from raw materials or production equipment. In addition, depending on the type of oxide, the addition of a small amount of the oxide may be effective as a fining agent or the like.
- the total content of oxides of the Group 3 to Group 12 elements is preferably 3% or less, more preferably 1% or less, particularly preferably 0.5% or less, and 0.1 if necessary. It may be limited to% or less.
- the content of each transition metal oxide is preferably 0.5% or less, particularly 0.3% or less, and particularly 0.1% or less.
- the content ratio of the oxide of the transition element present by taking a plurality of valences in the glass composition is calculated in terms of the oxide in which the oxidation number of the metal is the largest.
- iron oxide is usually present in the glass composition as Fe 2 O 3 or FeO.
- iron oxide is present as FeO are terms of Fe 2 O 3
- summed with iron oxide are present as Fe 2 O 3
- the content of iron oxide is calculated.
- SnO 2 , Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 5 , SO 3 , Cl and F can be exemplified. These ingredients can act as fining agents.
- Ga 2 O 3 and P 2 O 5 can be exemplified as another additional component.
- the content of each component from SnO 2 to P 2 O 5 exemplified in this column is also preferably 0.5% or less, particularly 0.3% or less, and particularly 0.1% or less.
- the glass composition is substantially free of oxides of rare earth elements.
- the glass composition contains 0 to 0.5% of T-Fe 2 O 3 and, except for MgO, CaO and FeO, substantially contains a divalent metal oxide.
- the glass composition is substantially free of alkali metal oxides except for Li 2 O and Na 2 O.
- the glass composition is substantially free of TiO 2 and ZrO 2 .
- the glass composition has a nitride content of 10% by weight or less, and preferably is substantially free of nitrides.
- the glass composition comprises the seven components described above (SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, CaO, B 2 O 3 , Li 2 O and Na 2 O) and an additional five components (K
- the total content of 2 O, SrO, TiO 2 , ZrO 2 and T-Fe 2 O 3 ) is 99% or more, further 99.5% or more, particularly 99.9% or more, especially 99.95% or more In some cases, it is 100%.
- the content of the additional five components is: K 2 O: 0 to 0.05%, SrO: 0 to 5%, TiO 2 : 0 to 0.1%, ZrO 2 : 0 to 0.1% , T-Fe 2 O 3 : 0 to 0.5%.
- the glass composition comprises the seven components described above (SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, CaO, B 2 O 3 , Li 2 O and Na 2 O) and an additional three components (K
- the total content of 2 O, TiO 2 and T-Fe 2 O 3 ) is 99% or more, further 99.5% or more, particularly 99.9% or more, especially 99.95% or more, and in some cases 100 %.
- the content of the additional three components is K 2 O: 0 to 0.05%, TiO 2 0: 0.1%, T-Fe 2 O 3 : 0 to 0.5%.
- the glass composition is SiO 2 53 to 60% Al 2 O 3 11 to 15% MgO 18 to 30% CaO 0-5% B 2 O 3 0.2 to 1.5% Li 2 O 0.5 to 2.5% Na 2 O 0 to 0.2% Including
- the molar ratio calculated by Al 2 O 3 / (MgO + CaO) is 0.3 to 0.5.
- the total content of MgO and CaO in this glass composition is in the range of 18 to 35%. This embodiment is particularly suitable for adjusting the devitrification temperature to a preferred range in relation to the liquidus temperature and the like.
- the glass composition is SiO 2 53 to 60% Al 2 O 3 15 to 26% MgO 17-30% CaO 0-5% B 2 O 3 0.2 to 3% Li 2 O 0.2 to 1.5% Na 2 O 0 to 0.2% Including
- the molar ratio calculated by Al 2 O 3 / (MgO + CaO) is 0.5 or more and less than 1, preferably 0.7 to 0.9.
- the total content of MgO and CaO in this glass composition is in the range of 18 to 35%. This embodiment is particularly suitable for improving the crack load resistance.
- the specific gravity of the glass composition is 3.0 or less, preferably 2.8 or less, more preferably 2.7 or less.
- the lower limit of the specific gravity is not particularly limited, but may be 2.5 or more.
- the specific gravity of the glass composition disclosed in Patent Document 1 containing a considerable amount of a rare earth element exceeds 3.
- the Young's modulus of the glass composition is 98 GPa or more, preferably 100 GPa or more.
- the upper limit of the Young's modulus is not particularly limited, but may be 110 GPa or less, and further 105 GPa or less.
- the measuring method of Young's modulus is demonstrated in the column of an Example. Glass compositions with high Young's modulus are suitable for providing glass fibers with a low degree of deformation to tensile stress.
- the crack resistance load of the glass composition is 300 g or more, preferably 400 g or more, more preferably 500 g or more.
- the glass compositions with a particularly high resistance to cracking for example 900 g or more, even 1000 g or more, in particular 1200 g or more.
- the upper limit of the crack resistance load is not particularly limited, but may be 2000 g or less. The method of measuring the crack resistance load will be described in the section of Examples. Glass compositions having a high resistance to cracking are suitable for providing glass fibers having high strength against tensile stress and bending stress.
- the glass composition has a cracking resistance in the range of 300 to 550 g and a devitrification temperature TL of 1250 to 1350 ° C. This composition is suitable for mass production of high strength glass fibers.
- the devitrification temperature TL of the glass composition is higher than the temperature T2 at which the logarithm (log)) of the liquid phase viscosity ⁇ (unit: dPa ⁇ s) of the melt of the glass composition is 2. 20 ° C. or higher, preferably 30 ° C. or higher, more preferably 50 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably 100 ° C. or higher.
- the devitrification temperature TL of the glass composition is higher than the temperature T3 at which the logarithm (log)) of the liquidus viscosity ⁇ of the melt of the glass composition is 3, Lower than T2.5 by definition.
- the methods for measuring the devitrification temperature TL and the liquid phase viscosity ⁇ will be described in the section of the examples.
- the devitrification temperature TL is 1450 ° C. or less, preferably 1400 ° C. or less, more preferably 1380 ° C. or less, particularly preferably 1350 ° C. or less.
- the glass compositions described above are suitable for use as glass fibers.
- the present invention provides, in another aspect, a glass fiber comprising the glass composition according to the present invention.
- the glass fibers may be long glass fibers or short glass fibers.
- the long glass fiber is produced by letting the viscosity-controlled glass melt flow out from the nozzle, and winding it up with a winder.
- the continuous fibers are cut into appropriate lengths at the time of use.
- the short glass fiber is manufactured while blowing away the glass melt by high pressure air, centrifugal force or the like.
- the short glass fiber is sometimes called glass wool because it has a cotton-like form.
- the long glass fiber and short glass fiber according to the present invention can be further processed into various glass fiber products and used.
- Examples of glass fiber products for which glass fibers having high Young's modulus and high crack resistance load are particularly desired include rubber reinforcing cords.
- the rubber reinforced cord comprises a strand obtained by bundling a plurality of long glass fibers (referred to as filaments).
- Each strand is composed of, for example, 100 to 2000, and typically 200 to 600 glass filaments.
- Each strand is often coated with a coating to improve adhesion to rubber.
- the treatment liquid for forming the covering layer and the method thereof are described in detail in the documents including the patent document 1 and the description thereof is omitted here.
- Glass fiber non-woven fabric can be mentioned as another glass fiber product in which the characteristic of glass fiber that Young's modulus and crack load resistance are large is desired.
- the glass fiber non-woven fabric is a non-woven fabric composed of glass fibers, one example of which is glass paper produced by papermaking of minute glass short fibers.
- glass fiber nonwoven fabrics are expected to have high strength.
- a glass fiber non-woven fabric is often required to have a high porosity. For these reasons, in these applications, in particular, the expectation for improving the strength of glass fiber is large.
- the present invention provides, from another aspect thereof, a glass fiber product comprising the glass fiber according to the present invention.
- a glass fiber product comprising the glass fiber according to the present invention.
- preferable examples of the glass fiber product include a rubber reinforcing cord having strands into which glass long fibers are bundled, and a glass fiber non-woven fabric containing glass short fibers.
- Glass particulate products are suitable not only for glass fibers but also for use as particulate glass, in particular as glass flakes.
- the glass flake is a scaly glass, and the size thereof is, for example, an average thickness of 2 to 5 ⁇ m and an average particle diameter of 10 to 4000 ⁇ m (particularly 10 to 1000 ⁇ m).
- Glass flakes are formed from molten glass and mass-produced by a blowing method, a rotary method or the like.
- Particulate glass represented by glass flakes may be used by being mixed with a base material as a filler for improving the strength of the base material.
- a typical base material is plastic.
- the miniaturization of plastic parts has progressed in recent years, and further improvement in dimensional stability and strength of parts is required.
- the shape of the particulate glass is typically scaly, but the shape does not matter as long as it corresponds to "particulate" (maximum diameter 5 mm or less).
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a rubber belt including a rubber reinforcing cord.
- the rubber belt 1 has a so-called toothed belt shape, and includes a matrix rubber 3 and a plurality of rubber reinforcing cords 2 embedded in the matrix rubber 3.
- the rubber reinforcing cords 2 are arranged in parallel to each other along the longitudinal direction of the rubber belt 1, that is, the direction orthogonal to the belt width direction traversed by the protruding portions 4 to be "teeth".
- a tooth cloth 5 is attached to the surface of the rubber belt 1 on which the projecting portion 4 is formed for the purpose of suppressing abrasion and the like.
- the glass raw materials were prepared so as to obtain the compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2, and melted for 4 hours in an electric furnace maintained at 1500 to 1600 ° C.
- stirring was performed multiple times with a quartz glass stirring rod.
- the molten glass was flowed into a stainless steel frame to produce a plate-like glass.
- the plate-like glass was maintained at a temperature of 20 to 50 ° C., the glass transition temperature of each glass, for 2 hours or more, and then slowly cooled to room temperature over about 8 hours to obtain sample glass to be measured. .
- the following characteristics were measured using the sample glass thus obtained.
- the density was measured by the Archimedes method using water as a dip for small pieces of sample glass.
- Young's modulus Young's modulus was measured according to the ultrasonic pulse method described in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) R 1602-1995. Each test piece was a 5 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 35 mm rectangular parallelepiped. Moreover, the measurement was performed at room temperature in the air. The device used is a model 25 DL Plus from Panametrics.
- glass fiber has a comparatively low elasticity modulus normally with the glass fiber and bulk glass which consist of the same glass composition. It is believed that this is because the glass fibers are cooled much more rapidly when formed from the glass melt.
- elastic modulus of glass fiber and the elastic modulus of bulk glass (elastic modulus measured by the above JIS)
- it is used as glass fiber or glass fiber using the measurement value by the above JIS It is reasonable to evaluate the properties of the glass composition to do this.
- particulate glass it is appropriate to select an appropriate glass composition with reference to the evaluation results of the elastic modulus of bulk glass. The same applies to the crack resistance load described in the next paragraph.
- the crack resistance load was measured by a test in which a Vickers indenter was pressed against the surface of a mirror-polished sample glass.
- the apparatus used is a Vickers hardness tester manufactured by Akassi Seisakusho.
- the sample glass was processed into a plate having parallel planes.
- the surface pressing the indenter was mirror-polished using a suspension of cerium oxide abrasive.
- a Vickers indenter was pressed against the mirror-polished surface for 15 seconds, and after 5 minutes of unloading, it was measured whether cracks occurred from the top of the square indentation remaining on the surface of the sample glass. Whether or not a crack had occurred was judged by observation using a microscope incorporated in a Vickers hardness tester.
- T2, T2.5, T3 were measured by measuring the viscosity at each temperature at intervals of 25 ° C. according to a platinum ball pulling method on a sample glass, and calculating the viscosity in the middle by the Fulcher's equation.
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Abstract
Description
SiO2 50~65%
Al2O3 7.5~26%
MgO 15~30%
CaO 0~8%
B2O3 0~3%
Li2O 0~3%
Na2O 0~0.2%
を含み、
MgOとCaOとの含有率の合計が18~35モル%の範囲にあり、
Al2O3/(MgO+CaO)により算出されるモル比が1未満である、
ガラス組成物を提供する。
(SiO2)
SiO2は、ガラス骨格を形成する成分であり、その含有率は50~65%の範囲に設定される。SiO2の含有率は、52%以上、さらに53%以上、特に54%以上が好ましく、場合によっては56%以上、さらに57%以上であってもよい。SiO2の含有率が高すぎると、ヤング率が低下することがある。したがって、SiO2の含有率は、62%以下、さらに61%以下、特に60%以下が好ましく、場合によっては59%以下、さらに58%以下であってもよい。
Al2O3は、ガラス組成物の耐熱性、耐水性等の維持に貢献し、失透温度、粘度等に影響を与える成分でもある。Al2O3の含有率は、7.5~26%の範囲に設定される。Al2O3の含有率は、9%以上、さらに10%以上、特に11%以上が好ましく、場合によっては12%以上、さらには14%以上であってもよい。Al2O3の含有率が高すぎると、液相温度が大きく上昇して製造に不都合が生じることがある。したがって、Al2O3の含有率は、24%以下、さらに22%以下が好ましく、場合によっては20%以下、さらには19%以下であってもよい。
MgOは、ヤング率の向上に寄与し、失透温度、粘度等に影響を与える成分でもある。MgOの含有率は、15~30%の範囲に設定される。MgOの含有率は、17%以上、さらに18%以上、特に20%以上が好ましく、場合によっては21%以上、さらには22%以上であってもよい。MgOの含有率が高すぎると、液相温度が大きく上昇することがある。したがって、MgOの含有率は、29%以下が好ましく、場合によっては28%以下、さらには27%以下であってもよい。
CaOは、耐水性等の維持に貢献し、失透温度、粘度等に影響を与える任意成分である。CaOの含有率は0~8%の範囲に設定される。適量のCaOの添加は液相温度を低下させる観点から好ましい。したがって、CaOは添加することが好ましく(含有率0%超)、その含有率は、0.1%以上、さらには0.12%以上が好ましく、場合によっては2%以上、さらには3%以上であってもよい。ただし、多すぎるCaOはヤング率を低下させることがある。したがって、CaOの含有率は、7%以下、さらには5%以下が好ましい。ヤング率及び耐クラック荷重の改善のために特に適しているCaOの含有率は、1%未満である。
MgOとCaOとの含有率の合計は、18~35%、好ましくは20~30%の範囲に設定される。
MgOとCaOの含有率の合計に対するAl2O3のモル比は、1未満に設定される。これにより、高いヤング率と高すぎない液相温度との両立が容易になる。モル比Al2O3/(MgO+CaO)は、0.3~0.9、特に0.35~0.85が好ましく、場合によっては0.4~0.7、さらには0.4~0.6の範囲であってもよい。ただし、耐クラック荷重の改善に特に適しているモル比Al2O3/(MgO+CaO)は、0.7以上1未満、さらに0.7以上0.9以下、特に0.8以上0.9以下である。
B2O3は、ガラスの骨格を形成すると共に、失透温度、粘度等の特性に影響を与える任意成分である。B2O3の含有率は0~3%の範囲に設定される。微量のB2O3の添加は、失透温度の低下に寄与することがある。したがって、B2O3は添加することが好ましく(含有率0%超)、その含有率は、0.1%以上、特に0.3%以上が好ましく、場合によっては0.5%以上、さらには0.7%以上であってもよい。ただし、多すぎるB2O3はヤング率を低下させることがある。B2O3の含有率は、2.5%以下、さらに2%以下、特に1.8%以下が好ましく、場合によっては1.6%以下、さらに1.5%以下であってもよい。B2O3の含有率の好ましい範囲の一例は、0.1~1.6%である。
Li2Oは、ガラスの骨格を修飾する成分であり、液相温度、失透温度、粘度等の特性に影響を与える任意成分である。Li2Oの含有率は、0~3%の範囲に設定される。この範囲のLi2Oの添加は、失透温度の低下に効果がある。したがって、Li2Oは、添加することが好ましく(含有率0%超)、その含有率は、0.1%以上、さらには0.2%以上、特に0.3%以上が好ましく、場合によっては0.5%以上、さらには0.7%以上であってもよい。Li2Oの含有率が高すぎると、ヤング率が低下することがある。したがって、Li2Oの含有率は、2.5%以下、さらに2%以下、特に1.8%以下が好ましく、場合によっては1.6%以下、さらに1.5%以下であってもよい。Li2Oの含有率の好ましい範囲の一例は、0.2~2.5%であってNa2Oの含有率よりも高い範囲である。
B2O3とLi2Oとを共存させると(B2O3>0%、Li2O>0%)、ガラスの液相温度と失透温度とを適切に調整することが容易になる。B2O3とLi2Oとの含有率の合計は、0.1%以上、さらには0.5%を超えていること、特に0.7%以上が好ましく、場合によっては1%以上であってもよい。また、この合計は、5.5%以下、さらに5%以下、特に4%が好ましく、場合によっては3.5%以下であってもよい。
Na2Oは、Li2Oと同様、液相温度、失透温度、粘度等の特性に影響を与える任意成分である。ただし、Li2Oよりもヤング率を低下させる効果が大きいため、その含有率は0~0.2%の範囲に設定される。Na2Oは、基本的に含有させないことが望ましいが、ガラス融液の清澄のために0.2%を限度として、さらには0.15%を限度として、例えば0%を超え0.1%未満の範囲で添加すること好ましい。
以上に説明した7成分(SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、CaO、B2O3、Li2O及びNa2O)の含有率の合計は、95%以上、さらには97%以上、特に98%以上、とりわけ99%以上であることが好ましく、場合によって99.5%、さらには99.9%を上回っていてもよく、100%であってもよい。7成分の合計が100%になる実施形態では、言い換えると、ガラス組成物が、SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、CaO、B2O3、Li2O及びNa2Oのみから構成される。
以上に説明した7成分以外の追加成分としては、以下を例示できる。ただし、追加成分が以下に限定されるわけではなく、追加成分の含有率の表示も例示である。
K2Oも、Li2Oと同様、液相温度、失透温度、粘度等の特性に影響を与える任意成分であり、ガラス融液の清澄を促進する効果を奏する。ただし、Na2Oよりもヤング率を低下させる効果がさらに大きいため、その含有率は0~0.1%、さらに0~0.05%、特に0~0.03%の範囲に設定することが好ましい。
SrOも、液相温度、失透温度、粘度等の特性に影響を与える任意成分である。ただし、SrOの添加によってもヤング率が低下することがある。また、多すぎるSrOはガラス融液の均質性を阻害することがある。したがって、SrOの含有率は、0~5%の範囲に設定することが好ましい。SrOの含有率は、3%以下、さらには1%以下、特に0.5%以下、とりわけ0.1%以下が好適である。また、SrOの含有率は、CaOの含有率との合計が8%以下、さらには6%以下、特に5%以下となるように設定することが好ましい。
BaOも、液相温度、失透温度、粘度等の特性に影響を与える任意成分である。ただし、BaOを添加するとヤング率が著しく低下することがある。また、BaOは環境負荷や作業環境が大きい成分である。したがって、BaOは、実質的に含まないこととするのが好ましい。
遷移金属酸化物と呼ばれる遷移元素(周期表第3族~第11族)の酸化物も、追加成分として許容される。遷移金属酸化物としては、TiO2、ZrO2、Fe2O3、Y2O3、La2O3、CeO2を例示できる。第12族の元素の酸化物であるZnOも追加成分として許容される。これらの酸化物は、基本的には排除することが望ましいが、原料由来又は製造装置由来の不純物として不可避的に混入する場合がある。また、酸化物の種類によっては、その微量の添加が清澄剤等として効果を発揮する場合もある。第3族~第12族の元素の酸化物の含有率は、その合計により表示して、3%以下、さらには1%以下、特に0.5%以下が好ましく、必要があれば0.1%以下に制限してもよい。各遷移金属酸化物の含有率は、0.5%以下、特に0.3%以下、とりわけ0.1%以下であることが好ましい。
上記以外の追加の成分としては、SnO2、Sb2O3、Sb2O5、SO3、Cl及びFを例示できる。これらの成分は清澄剤として作用し得る。また別の追加の成分として、Ga2O3及びP2O5を例示できる。この欄に例示したSnO2からP2O5までの各成分の含有率も、0.5%以下、特に0.3%以下、とりわけ0.1%以下であることが好ましい。
本発明の一実施形態において、ガラス組成物は、希土類元素の酸化物を実質的に含まない。本発明の別の一実施形態において、ガラス組成物は、0~0.5%のT-Fe2O3を含み、MgO、CaO及びFeOを除いて、2価の金属の酸化物を実質的に含まない。本発明のまた別の一実施形態において、ガラス組成物は、Li2O及びNa2Oを除いて、アルカリ金属酸化物を実質的に含まない。本発明のさらに別の一実施形態において、ガラス組成物は、TiO2及びZrO2を実質的に含まない。本発明のまたさらに別の一実施形態において、ガラス組成物は、窒化物の含有率が10重量%以下であり、好ましくは窒化物を実質的に含まない。
SiO2 53~60%
Al2O3 11~15%
MgO 18~30%
CaO 0~5%
B2O3 0.2~1.5%
Li2O 0.5~2.5%
Na2O 0~0.2%
を含み、
Al2O3/(MgO+CaO)により算出されるモル比が0.3~0.5である。
このガラス組成物におけるMgOとCaOとの含有率の合計は18~35%の範囲にある。この実施形態は、失透温度を液相温度等との関係において好ましい範囲に調整することに特に適している。
SiO2 53~60%
Al2O3 15~26%
MgO 17~30%
CaO 0~5%
B2O3 0.2~3%
Li2O 0.2~1.5%
Na2O 0~0.2%
を含み、
Al2O3/(MgO+CaO)により算出されるモル比が0.5以上1未満、好ましくは0.7~0.9である。このガラス組成物におけるMgOとCaOとの含有率の合計は18~35%の範囲にある。この実施形態は、耐クラック荷重の向上に特に適している。
(比重)
本発明の一実施形態において、ガラス組成物の比重は、3.0以下であり、好ましくは2.8以下であり、より好ましくは2.7以下である。比重の下限は、特に限定されないが、2.5以上であってよい。希土類元素を相当量含む特許文献1に開示されたガラス組成物の比重は3を上回る。
本発明の一実施形態において、ガラス組成物のヤング率は、98GPa以上であり、好ましくは100GPa以上である。ヤング率の上限は、特に限定されないが、110GPa以下、さらには105GPa以下であってよい。ヤング率の測定方法は、実施例の欄において説明する。ヤング率が高いガラス組成物は、引張応力に対する変形の程度が小さいガラス繊維の提供に適している。
本発明の一実施形態において、ガラス組成物の耐クラック荷重は、300g以上であり、好ましくは400g以上であり、より好ましくは500g以上である。驚くべきことに、本発明の一実施形態によれば、耐クラック荷重が特別に高い、例えば900g以上、さらには1000g以上、特に1200g以上のガラス組成物を提供することも可能である。耐クラック荷重の上限は、特に限定されないが、2000g以下であってよい。耐クラック荷重の測定方法は、実施例の欄において説明する。耐クラック荷重が大きいガラス組成物は、引っ張り応力や曲げ応力に対する強度が高いガラス繊維の提供に適している。
本発明の一実施形態において、ガラス組成物の失透温度TLは、そのガラス組成物の融液の液相粘度η(単位:dPa・s)の対数(logη)が2となる温度T2よりも20℃以上、好ましくは30℃以上、より好ましくは50℃以上、特に好ましくは100℃以上低い。また、本発明の一実施形態において、ガラス組成物の失透温度TLは、そのガラス組成物の融液の液相粘度ηの対数(logη)が3となる温度T3よりも高いが、同様の定義によるT2.5よりも低い。失透温度TL及び液相粘度ηの測定方法は、実施例の欄において説明する。
以上に説明したガラス組成物は、ガラス繊維としての利用に適している。本発明は、その別の側面から、本発明によるガラス組成物からなるガラス繊維を提供する。ガラス繊維は、ガラス長繊維であってもガラス短繊維であってもよい。ガラス長繊維は、粘度を制御したガラス融液をノズルから流出させ、巻き取り機によって巻き取って製造される。この連続繊維は、使用時に適切な長さに切断される。ガラス短繊維は、高圧空気、遠心力等によってガラス融液を吹き飛ばしながら製造される。ガラス短繊維は、綿状の形態を有しているためにグラスウールと呼ばれることもある。
本発明によるガラス長繊維及びガラス短繊維は、さらに種々のガラス繊維製品へと加工して使用することができる。ヤング率及び耐クラック荷重が大きいガラス繊維が特に望まれているガラス繊維製品としては、ゴム補強用コードを挙げることができる。ゴム補強コードは、複数本のガラス長繊維(フィラメントと呼ばれる)を束ねたストランドを備えている。各ストランドは、例えば100~2000本、典型的には200~600本のガラスフィラメントから構成されている。各ストランドは、ゴムとの接着性を改善するための被覆層によって被覆されることが多い。被覆層を形成するための処理液及びその方法は、特許文献1を始めとする文献に詳細に説明されているため、ここでは説明を省略する。
以上に説明したガラス組成物は、ガラス繊維だけでなく、粒子状ガラス、特にガラスフレークとしての使用にも適している。ガラスフレークは、鱗片状のガラスであり、その大きさは、例えば平均厚さ2~5μm、平均粒径10~4000μm(特に10~1000μm)である。ガラスフレークは、ブロー法、ロータリー法等により、溶融したガラスから成形され量産されている。ガラスフレークに代表される粒子状ガラスは、母材の強度を向上させるための充填剤として母材に混合して使用されることがある。代表的な母材はプラスチックである。特に近年はプラスチック部品の小型化が進み、部品の寸法安定性や強度のさらなる向上が求められている。このため、充填剤として使用される粒子状ガラスにも、ヤング率が高く、耐クラック荷重が大きいガラス組成物の使用が望ましい。粒子状ガラスの形状は、典型的には鱗片状であるが、「粒子状」(最大径5mm以下)に相当する限り、その形状は問わない。
密度は、試料ガラスの小片について、水を浸液として用いたアルキメデス法により測定した。
ヤング率は、日本工業規格(JIS)R 1602-1995に記載された超音波パルス法に従って測定した。各試験片は5mm×25mm×35mmの直方体とした。また、測定は、室温、大気中で実施した。用いた装置は、Panametrics製model 25DLPlusである。
耐クラック荷重は、鏡面研磨した試料ガラスの表面にビッカース圧子を押し当てる試験により測定した。用いた装置はアカシ製作所製ビッカース硬度計である。試料ガラスは、平行平面を有する板状に加工した。また、圧子を押し当てる平面は、酸化セリウム研磨剤の懸濁液を用いて鏡面に研磨した。当該鏡面研磨面にビッカース圧子を15秒間押し当てて、除荷5分後に、試料ガラスの表面に残る正方形の圧痕においてその頂点からクラックが生じているかを計測した。クラックが生じたか否かは、ビッカース硬度計に組み込まれている顕微鏡を用いて観察して判断した。顕微鏡の倍率は100倍である。この計測を10回実施し、クラックが生じた頂点の数を計測した頂点の合計数40で除してクラック発生確率Pを算出した。以上の計測を、P=100%に達するまで、荷重50g、100g、200g、300g、500g、1000g、2000gの順に荷重を変えて繰り返し、各荷重でのクラック発生確率Pを求めた。こうして、P=50%を跨いで隣り合う2つの荷重WH及びWLとその時のクラック発生確率PH及びPL(PH<50%<PL)とを得た。荷重及びクラック発生確率をそれぞれ横軸及び縦軸として2点(WH,PH)、(WL,PL)を通る直線を描き、P=50%となる荷重を耐クラック荷重とした。
試料ガラスを粉砕し、目開き2.380mmの篩を通り、目開き1.000mmの篩に残ったガラス粒を集め、そのガラス粒をエタノールに浸漬して超音波洗浄した後、恒温槽で乾燥させた。このガラス粒30~32gを幅12mm、長さ200mm、深さ10mmの白金ボート上にほぼ一定の厚さになるように入れて測定試料とした。この白金ボートを950~1550℃の温度勾配を有する電気炉(温度勾配炉)内に2時間保持した。測定試料中に分布する結晶相(失透)が観察された部位の最高温度を液相温度TLとして評価した。
T2、T2.5、及びT3は、試料ガラスについて白金球引上げ法に25℃間隔で各温度での粘度を計測し、その中間の粘度はFulcherの式により算出することにより、測定した。
Claims (17)
- モル%で表示して、
SiO2 50~65%
Al2O3 7.5~26%
MgO 15~30%
CaO 0~8%
B2O3 0~3%
Li2O 0~3%
Na2O 0~0.2%
を含み、
MgOとCaOとの含有率の合計が18~35モル%の範囲にあり、
Al2O3/(MgO+CaO)により算出されるモル比が1未満である、
ガラス組成物。 - JIS R1602-1995に記載された超音波パルス法に基づいて測定したヤング率が98GPa以上である、請求項1に記載のガラス組成物。
- B2O3の含有率が0.1~1.6モル%である、請求項1又は2に記載のガラス組成物。
- Li2Oの含有率が0.2~2.5モル%であってNa2Oの含有率よりも高い、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物。
- SiO2の含有率が50~60モル%である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物。
- SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、CaO、B2O3、Li2O及びNa2Oの含有率の合計が95モル%以上である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物。
- SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、CaO、B2O3、Li2O、Na2O、K2O、SrO、TiO2、ZrO2及びT-Fe2O3の含有率の合計が99モル%以上である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物。
ただし、K2OからT-Fe2O3までの含有率は、モル%で表示して、K2O:0~0.05%、SrO:0~5%、TiO2:0~0.1%、ZrO2:0~0.1%、T-Fe2O3:0~0.5%である。 - 0~0.5モル%のT-Fe2O3を含み、MgO、CaO及びFeOを除いて、2価の金属の酸化物を実質的に含まない、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物。
- Li2O及びNa2Oを除いて、アルカリ金属酸化物を実質的に含まない、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物。
- TiO2及びZrO2を実質的に含まない、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物。
- モル%で表示して、
SiO2 53~60%
Al2O3 11~15%
MgO 18~30%
CaO 0~5%
B2O3 0.2~1.5%
Li2O 0.5~2.5%
Na2O 0~0.2%
を含み、
Al2O3/(MgO+CaO)により算出されるモル比が0.3~0.5である、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物。 - モル%で表示して、
SiO2 53~60%
Al2O3 15~26%
MgO 17~30%
CaO 0~5%
B2O3 0.2~3%
Li2O 0.2~1.5%
Na2O 0~0.2%
を含み、
Al2O3/(MgO+CaO)により算出されるモル比が0.5以上1未満である、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物。 - 請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物により構成されたガラス長繊維。
- 請求項13に記載のガラス長繊維が束ねられたストランドを備えたゴム補強用コード。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物により構成されたガラス短繊維。
- 請求項15に記載のガラス短繊維を含むガラス繊維不織布。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物により構成された粒子状ガラス。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6391875B1 (ja) | 2018-09-19 |
BR112019027258A2 (pt) | 2020-07-14 |
EP3647286A4 (en) | 2021-03-24 |
JP2019011234A (ja) | 2019-01-24 |
US11760684B2 (en) | 2023-09-19 |
EP3647286B1 (en) | 2023-11-22 |
US20200140320A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 |
CN110809565B (zh) | 2023-03-31 |
EP3647286A1 (en) | 2020-05-06 |
JP6483901B2 (ja) | 2019-03-13 |
JP2019011244A (ja) | 2019-01-24 |
EP4276079A2 (en) | 2023-11-15 |
CN110809565A (zh) | 2020-02-18 |
EP4276079A3 (en) | 2024-01-10 |
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