WO2018032853A1

WO2018032853A1 - Micro-emulsion cutting fluid and preparation process therefor

Info

Publication number: WO2018032853A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/085917
Authority: WO
Inventors: 傅士超; 吴龙铁; 王凯华; 吴桂勤
Original assignee: 南通科星化工有限公司
Priority date: 2016-08-17
Filing date: 2017-05-25
Publication date: 2018-02-22
Also published as: CN106281630A

Abstract

A micro-emulsion cutting fluid and a preparation process therefor. The micro-emulsion cutting fluid comprises: liquid-phase carriers: 35-50 parts of water and 8-15 parts of base oil; additives: 15-25 parts of an antirust agent, 10-20 parts of a lubricant, 5-8 parts of a non-ionic surfactant, and 0.1-0.2 part of a nanometer anti-mildew bactericide; and processing aids. The preparation process for the micro-emulsion cutting fluid comprises: dissolving processing aids that are soluble in water phase in water to form a water phase system; mixing base oil and additives as well as processing aids that are soluble in oil phase to form an oil phase system; and slowly adding the prepared water phase system into the oil phase system, well mixing the two systems, and then allowing the mixture to stand to obtain a finished micro-emulsion cutting fluid product. The micro-emulsion cutting fluid has an excellent heat transfer property and a good lubricating property, is not likely to be mildewed, precipitated and layered, and reduces environmental pollution. In addition, the preparation method is simple and convenient, has low costs, and reduces production procedures and costs.

Description

一种微乳切削液及其制备工艺Microemulsion cutting fluid and preparation process thereof

技术领域Technical field

本发明涉及金属加工领域，具体设计一种微乳切削液及其制备工艺。The invention relates to the field of metal processing, and specifically designs a microemulsion cutting fluid and a preparation process thereof.

背景技术Background technique

金属加工在成型过程中需按不同的要求进行镗、钻、攻、磨、切削加工等诸多工艺，在这些加工工艺的进行中必须要有润滑冷却介质，俗称“切削液”。Metal processing in the molding process requires different processes such as boring, drilling, tapping, grinding, cutting, etc. In the process of these processes, there must be a lubrication and cooling medium, commonly known as "cutting fluid".

传统的切削液包括水基切削液和油基切削液。油基切削液采用润滑性特别好的油基材料，适用于高难度的切削、攻丝、钻孔、挤压、加工，如切削油、乳化油等油性产品。此类油性产品消耗大量的油品资源，浓郁的刺鼻气味严重影响操作工的身心健康，而且，化学合成留下的粘稠状残留物会影响机器零件的运动，还会使这些零件的重叠面产生锈蚀；它也会产生大量废液，不易沉降，很难处理，废水处理费用高；水基切削液几乎可以用于所有的轻、中等负荷的切削加工及大部分重负荷加工，但是它的润滑性欠佳，这将引起机床活动部件的粘着和磨损，例如乳化液型水基切削液还可用于除螺纹磨削、槽沟麻削等复杂磨削外的所有磨削加工，乳化液的缺点是空易使细菌、霉菌繁殖，使乳化液中的有效成分产生化学分解而发臭、变质，为了控制它的变质往往必须添加一些杀菌防腐剂，这些杀菌防腐剂多少又会对操作工身体和周围环境污染造成危害。Conventional cutting fluids include water-based cutting fluids and oil-based cutting fluids. Oil-based cutting fluids are oil-based materials with excellent lubricity, which are suitable for difficult cutting, tapping, drilling, extrusion, and processing, such as oils such as cutting oils and emulsified oils. Such oily products consume a large amount of oil resources, and the strong pungent odor seriously affects the physical and mental health of the operators. Moreover, the viscous residue left by chemical synthesis affects the movement of machine parts and overlaps these parts. The surface is rusted; it also produces a large amount of waste liquid, is not easy to settle, is difficult to handle, and has high wastewater treatment costs; water-based cutting fluid can be used for almost all light and medium-duty cutting operations and most heavy-duty processing, but it Poor lubricity, which will cause sticking and wear of moving parts of the machine. For example, emulsion type water-based cutting fluid can also be used for all grinding processes except for complex grinding such as thread grinding and grooved hemp. The disadvantage is that the bacteria easily cause bacteria and mold to multiply, and the active ingredients in the emulsion are chemically decomposed and become odorous and deteriorated. In order to control its deterioration, it is necessary to add some bactericidal preservatives, and these bactericidal preservatives will be more and more to the operators. Harmful to the body and surrounding environment.

针对现有技术中切削液油性产品腐蚀加工零件和传热效果差以及水性产品分解变质的问题，需要所属领域技术人员研制一种替代油基材料金属加工切削液，以克服现有切削液产品存在的不足。In view of the problems of corrosion processing parts and poor heat transfer effects of the cutting fluid oil products and the decomposition and deterioration of the water-based products in the prior art, it is necessary for those skilled in the art to develop an alternative oil-based material metal working cutting fluid to overcome the existing cutting fluid products. Insufficient.

发明内容 Summary of the invention

针对现有技术中切削液油性产品腐蚀加工零件和传热效果差以及水性产品分解变质的问题，本发明提供了一种微乳切削液及其制备工艺。The present invention provides a microemulsion cutting fluid and a preparation process thereof, in view of the problems in the prior art that the cutting fluid oil product corrodes the processed parts and the heat transfer effect is poor and the aqueous product is decomposed and deteriorated.

本发明提供的微乳切削液包括以下组分：The microemulsion cutting fluid provided by the present invention comprises the following components:

液相载体：水35份-50份,基础油8份-15份；Liquid carrier: 35 parts - 50 parts of water, 8 parts - 15 parts of base oil;

添加剂：防锈剂15份-25份，润滑剂10份-20份，非离子型表面活性剂5份-8份，纳米防霉杀菌剂0.1份-0.2份；以及Additives: rust inhibitor 15 parts - 25 parts, lubricant 10 parts - 20 parts, non-ionic surfactant 5 parts - 8 parts, nano mold-proof fungicide 0.1 parts - 0.2 parts;

加工助剂。Processing aids.

优选地，微乳切削液包括以下组分：Preferably, the microemulsion cutting fluid comprises the following components:

液相载体：水45份,基础油12份；Liquid carrier: 45 parts of water, 12 parts of base oil;

添加剂：防锈剂21份，润滑剂16份，非离子型表面活性剂6份，纳米防霉杀菌剂0.2份；以及Additives: 21 parts of rust inhibitor, 16 parts of lubricant, 6 parts of nonionic surfactant, 0.2 parts of nano mold-proof fungicide;

加工助剂。Processing aids.

优选地，防锈剂为硼酸醇胺。Preferably, the rust inhibitor is a boric acid amine.

优选地，硼酸醇胺为2-氨基乙醇硼酸酯。Preferably, the borate amine is 2-aminoethanol borate.

优选地，润滑剂为聚醚润滑剂。Preferably, the lubricant is a polyether lubricant.

优选地，聚醚润滑剂为高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。Preferably, the polyether lubricant is a higher fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

优选地，非离子型表面活性剂为司盘-80。Preferably, the nonionic surfactant is Span-80.

优选地，纳米防霉杀菌剂为单质金属纳米粒子。Preferably, the nano mold-proof fungicide is an elemental metal nanoparticle.

优选地，单质金属纳米粒子为纳米银粒子。Preferably, the elemental metal nanoparticles are nano-silver particles.

本发明也提供了一种上述微乳切削液的制备工艺，包括：The invention also provides a preparation process of the above microemulsion cutting fluid, comprising:

配制水相体系：持续加热和搅拌下，在容器中加入预先设定重量份的水，缓慢加入预先设定重量份的溶于水相的加工助剂，充分溶解；The aqueous phase system is prepared: under the continuous heating and stirring, a predetermined weight part of water is added to the container, and a predetermined weight part of the processing aid dissolved in the water phase is slowly added to fully dissolve;

配制油相体系：持续搅拌和加热下，在反应釜中依次加入预先设定重量份的基础油和添加剂以及溶于油相的加工助剂，充分混合均匀；Formulating the oil phase system: under continuous stirring and heating, adding a predetermined weight part of the base oil and the additive and the processing aid dissolved in the oil phase in the reaction kettle, and mixing well;

配制微乳体系：持续搅拌和加热下，将配制好的水相体系缓慢加入油相体系，充分混合均；Formulate the microemulsion system: slowly add the prepared aqueous phase system to the oil under continuous stirring and heating. Phase system, fully mixed;

静置，得到微乳切削液成品。After standing, the finished product of the microemulsion cutting fluid is obtained.

本发明提供的微乳切削液及制备工艺，具有如下有益效果：The microemulsion cutting fluid and the preparation process provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:

(1)本发明的微乳切削液传热性能优异，清洗性能好，减少了废切削液的排放，降低污染，极好地保护环境并节约了成本；(1) The microemulsion cutting fluid of the invention has excellent heat transfer performance, good cleaning performance, reduces waste cutting fluid discharge, reduces pollution, and protects the environment and saves cost;

(2)本发明的微乳切削液润滑性能较好，可防止腐蚀金属零件；(2) The microemulsion cutting fluid of the invention has good lubricating performance and can prevent corrosion of metal parts;

(3)本发明的微乳切削液油水分离速度快，长期使用后微乳切削液仍能保持清澈透明，无分层，无沉淀；(3) The microemulsion cutting fluid of the invention has high separation speed of oil and water, and the microemulsion cutting fluid can remain clear and transparent after long-term use, without delamination and no precipitation;

(4)本发明的微乳切削液油采用纳米防霉杀菌剂，具有较好的防霉和杀菌作用，得到的成品不发臭、不霉变，使用寿命长；(4) The microemulsion cutting fluid oil of the invention adopts nanometer anti-mold fungicide, has good anti-mildew and bactericidal effect, and the obtained finished product does not smell, is mildewed, and has a long service life;

(5)本发明的微乳切削液制备工艺快捷高效，节省了生产工序和成本。(5) The preparation process of the microemulsion cutting fluid of the invention is quick and efficient, and the production process and cost are saved.

附图说明DRAWINGS

此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：The drawings described herein are intended to provide a further understanding of the present application, and are intended to be a part of this application. In the drawing:

图1是本发明的微乳切削液制备工艺的流程图。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a flow chart showing the preparation process of the microemulsion cutting fluid of the present invention.

具体实施方式detailed description

以下将配合附图及实施例来详细说明本申请的实施方式，藉此对本申请如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题并达成技术功效的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that the application of the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effect can be fully understood and implemented.

本发明的微乳切削液包括以下组分：液相载体：水35份-50份,基础油8份-15份；添加剂：防锈剂15份-25份，润滑剂10份-20份，非离子型表面活性剂5份-8份，纳米防霉杀菌剂0.1份-0.2份；以及加工助剂。需要指出的是，本发明的微乳切削液属于半合成切削液，它分别以水和基础油作为液相载体，将先溶于水相的加工助剂和随后溶于油相的添加剂和加工助剂混合搅拌后溶于混合体系中，使其具有乳化液和合成切削液的优点，克服了它们的缺点。本领域技术人员熟知的是，微乳液是液珠半径在10～100nm量级范围的O/W型半透明或透明分散体。加入非离子型表面活性剂后，水-油界面的张力大幅减少，在搅拌和加热以及加工助剂的情况下，水-油界面和液体分散度增大，体系会趋于平衡，最终形成微乳液，其分散相微粒不会聚结，分层，成为热力学稳定体系。The microemulsion cutting fluid of the present invention comprises the following components: a liquid carrier: 35 parts - 50 parts of water, 8 parts - 15 parts of a base oil; an additive: 15 parts - 25 parts of rust inhibitor, 10 parts - 20 parts of lubricant, Nonionic surfactant 5 parts - 8 parts, nano mold-proof fungicide 0.1 parts - 0.2 parts; and processing aids. Need It should be noted that the microemulsion cutting fluid of the present invention belongs to a semi-synthetic cutting fluid, which uses water and a base oil as a liquid carrier, respectively, a processing aid which is first dissolved in the aqueous phase and an additive and a processing which are subsequently dissolved in the oil phase. The additives are mixed and stirred and dissolved in the mixed system to make them have the advantages of emulsion and synthetic cutting fluid, and overcome their disadvantages. It is well known to those skilled in the art that the microemulsion is an O/W type translucent or transparent dispersion having a bead radius in the range of from 10 to 100 nm. When a nonionic surfactant is added, the tension at the water-oil interface is greatly reduced. In the case of stirring and heating and processing aids, the water-oil interface and liquid dispersion increase, and the system tends to balance, eventually forming micro The emulsion, the dispersed phase particles do not coalesce and stratify, becoming a thermodynamically stable system.

具体地，本发明的微乳切削液采用的液相载体是水和基础油，分别形成水相和油相。本发明采用水35份-50份,基础油8份-15份，更加具体地，本发明采用水45份,基础油12份。水具有较高的比热容和热导率，可将切削热通过切削液的对流换热和气化从固体(刀具、工件和切屑)上带走，降低切削区的温度，减少工件变形，保持刀具硬度和尺寸。基础油主要其润滑作用，同时也是油溶性添加剂和加工助剂等的载体，它可采用矿物油或合成油，优选为环烷基基础油。Specifically, the liquid carrier used in the microemulsion cutting fluid of the present invention is water and a base oil, respectively forming an aqueous phase and an oil phase. The present invention employs 35 parts to 50 parts of water and 8 parts to 15 parts of base oil. More specifically, the present invention employs 45 parts of water and 12 parts of base oil. Water has a high specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, which can remove the heat of cutting heat from the solid (tool, workpiece and chip) through the convective heat transfer and gasification of the cutting fluid, reduce the temperature of the cutting zone, reduce the deformation of the workpiece, and maintain the hardness of the tool. And size. The base oil is mainly used for its lubricating action, and is also a carrier for oil-soluble additives and processing aids, and it may be a mineral oil or a synthetic oil, preferably a naphthenic base oil.

具体地，本发明的微乳切削液采用的添加剂包括：防锈剂15份-25份，润滑剂10份-20份，非离子型表面活性剂5份-8份，纳米防霉杀菌剂0.1份-0.2份。更具体地，本发明的微乳切屑液采用的添加剂包括：防锈剂21份，润滑剂16份，非离子型表面活性剂6份，纳米防霉杀菌剂0.2份。Specifically, the additive used in the microemulsion cutting fluid of the present invention comprises: rust inhibitor 15 parts - 25 parts, lubricant 10 parts - 20 parts, non-ionic surfactant 5 parts - 8 parts, nano mold-proof fungicide 0.1 Servings - 0.2 parts. More specifically, the additive used in the microemulsion cutting liquid of the present invention comprises: 21 parts of a rust preventive agent, 16 parts of a lubricant, 6 parts of a nonionic surfactant, and 0.2 part of a nano mold-proof fungicide.

进一步地，本发明的微乳切削液采用油溶性防锈剂，例如15份-25份，优选为21份防锈剂。防锈剂包括水溶性防锈剂和油熔性防锈剂，水溶性添加剂可采用、苯并三氮唑、硼酸、三乙醇胺、磷酸盐、铬酸盐、植酸、苯甲酸钠、钼酸钠和无水碳酸钠等。油溶性防锈剂主要有磺酸盐、高分子羧酸及其金属皂盐类、酯醇类、胺类、磷酸酯等。作为一个实施例，本发明的微乳切削液采用的防锈剂为硼酸醇胺，优选为为2-氨基乙醇硼酸酯。这些防锈剂可定向地吸附在金属表面上形成一层吸附膜，是金属表面与水和氧介质隔离，祈祷防锈作用。需要指出的是，加入防锈剂后，要注意调整液相体系的pH值，例如可保持pH值在8.0到8.5之间，有利于提高切削液对黑色金属的防锈作用以及延长其使用寿命。Further, the microemulsion cutting fluid of the present invention employs an oil-soluble rust inhibitor, for example, 15 parts to 25 parts, preferably 21 parts of a rust inhibitor. The rust inhibitor includes a water-soluble rust inhibitor and an oil-melting rust inhibitor, and the water-soluble additive may be used, benzotriazole, boric acid, triethanolamine, phosphate, chromate, phytic acid, sodium benzoate, sodium molybdate And anhydrous sodium carbonate and the like. The oil-soluble rust inhibitor mainly includes a sulfonate, a high molecular carboxylic acid and a metal soap salt thereof, an ester alcohol, an amine, a phosphate, and the like. As an embodiment, the rust preventive agent used in the microemulsion cutting fluid of the present invention is a boric acid amine, preferably a 2-aminoethanol borate. These rust inhibitors can be adsorbed on the metal surface to form an adsorption film. The metal surface is isolated from the water and oxygen medium, and the rust prevention effect is prayed. It should be pointed out that after adding the rust inhibitor, it is necessary to adjust the pH value of the liquid phase system, for example, the pH value can be maintained between 8.0 and 8.5, which is beneficial to improving the anti-rust effect of the cutting fluid on the ferrous metal and prolonging its service life. .

进一步地，本发明的微乳切削液采用10份-20份，优选为16份润滑剂。润滑剂可采用矿物润滑剂和合成润滑剂，其中合成润滑剂包括硅油、硅酸酯、磷酸酯、氟油、酯类油和合成烃油等。作为本发明的一个实施例，本发明的微乳切削液采用聚醚润滑剂，优选为高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。润滑剂可及时渗入切屑-刀具界面和刀具-工件界面，在切屑、工件和刀具表面形成润滑膜，降低摩擦系数，减小切削阻力。Further, the microemulsion cutting fluid of the present invention employs 10 parts to 20 parts, preferably 16 parts of a lubricant. Lubricants may be mineral lubricants and synthetic lubricants, including synthetic silicone oils, silicates, phosphates, fluoro oils, ester oils, and synthetic hydrocarbon oils. As an embodiment of the present invention, the microemulsion cutting fluid of the present invention employs a polyether lubricant, preferably a higher fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether. The lubricant can penetrate into the chip-tool interface and the tool-workpiece interface in time to form a lubricating film on the chip, workpiece and tool surface, reducing the friction coefficient and reducing the cutting resistance.

进一步地，本发明的微乳切削液采用非离子型表面活性剂5份-8份，优选为6份非离子型表面活性剂。本领域技术人员熟知的是，微乳化液中分散相的高度细化和体系的稳定性是依靠非离子型表面活性剂的润湿、分散、乳化、增溶等作用实现的。理论上，只要非离子型表面活性剂的种类和用量恰当，任何油水体系均可转变为微乳液体系，关键是非离子型表面活性剂的种类和用量的确定，且只要油相和水相的性质发生变化，非离子型表面活性剂的种类和用量就必须随之改变。非离子型表面活性剂是使油和水乳化的关键性物质，一般分为3种类型：阳离子型非离子型表面活性剂、阴离子型非离子型表面活性剂和非离子型表面活性剂。非离子型表面活性剂在水中不电离,其亲水基主要是由具有一定数量的含氧基团(一般为醚基和羟基)构成，不易受强电解质无机盐类存在的影响，也不易受酸碱的影响，与其它类型的非离子型表面活性剂相溶性好，能很好地混合使用。典型的非离子型表面活性剂包括脂肪酸甘油酯，如单硬脂酸甘油酯，它的HLB为3～4，主要用作W/O型乳剂辅助乳化剂；多元醇，如蔗糖酯它的HLB为5～13，主要用作O/W乳化剂、分散剂；脂肪酸山梨坦(Span)，主要用作W/O乳化剂；聚山梨酯(Tween)，主要用作O/W乳化剂；聚氧乙烯型，如Myrij(卖泽类，长链脂肪酸酯)和Brij(脂肪醇酯)；聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯共聚物，如Poloxamer能耐受热压灭菌和低温冰冻，静脉乳剂的乳化剂。做为本发明的一个实施例，非离子型表面活性剂采用非离子型表面活性剂，优选使用司盘-80。由于大量非离子型表面活性剂的参与使微乳化液的渗透、清洗能力比乳化液大大增强，这有利于保持刀具刃面和砂轮的锋利以及切削加工面的清净度,从而会提高切削效率和加工精度。同时，在金属切削过程中，切屑、铁粉、磨屑、油污、砂砾等常常粘附在工件、刀具或砂轮表面及缝隙中，沾污机床和工件，不易清洗，是刀具或砂轮切削刃口变钝，加入非离子型表面活性剂可较好清洗加工界面。Further, the microemulsion cutting fluid of the present invention is a nonionic surfactant of 5 parts to 8 parts, preferably 6 parts of a nonionic surfactant. It is well known to those skilled in the art that the high refinement of the dispersed phase in the microemulsion and the stability of the system are achieved by the action of wetting, dispersing, emulsifying, solubilizing, etc. of the nonionic surfactant. In theory, as long as the type and amount of nonionic surfactants are appropriate, any oil-water system can be converted into a microemulsion system. The key is the determination of the type and amount of nonionic surfactants, as long as the nature of the oil and water phases The type and amount of nonionic surfactants must change. Nonionic surfactants are key substances for emulsifying oil and water and are generally classified into three types: cationic nonionic surfactants, anionic nonionic surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. Nonionic surfactants are not ionized in water, and their hydrophilic groups are mainly composed of a certain number of oxygen-containing groups (generally ether groups and hydroxyl groups), which are not easily affected by the presence of strong electrolyte inorganic salts, and are not susceptible to The effect of acid and alkali is compatible with other types of nonionic surfactants and can be well mixed. Typical nonionic surfactants include fatty acid glycerides, such as glyceryl monostearate, which have an HLB of from 3 to 4, mainly used as a W/O emulsion auxiliary emulsifier; polyols such as sucrose esters, its HLB 5 to 13, mainly used as O/W emulsifier, dispersant; fatty acid sorbitan (Span), main Used as W/O emulsifier; polysorbate (Tween), mainly used as O/W emulsifier; polyoxyethylene type, such as Myrij (selling Zedong, long-chain fatty acid ester) and Brij (fatty alcohol ester) Polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers, such as Poloxamer, can withstand autoclaving and cryogenic freezing, emulsifiers for intravenous emulsions. As an embodiment of the present invention, the nonionic surfactant is a nonionic surfactant, preferably using a disc-80. Due to the participation of a large amount of nonionic surfactants, the penetration and cleaning ability of the microemulsion is greatly enhanced compared with the emulsion, which is beneficial to maintain the sharpness of the cutting edge and the grinding wheel and the cleanness of the machined surface, thereby improving the cutting efficiency and Precision. At the same time, in the metal cutting process, chips, iron powder, abrasive chips, oil stains, gravel, etc. often adhere to the surface and gaps of the workpiece, the tool or the grinding wheel, contaminate the machine tool and the workpiece, and are difficult to clean. It is the cutting edge of the tool or the grinding wheel. It becomes dull, and the addition of a nonionic surfactant can better clean the processing interface.

进一步地，本发明微乳切削液采用纳米防霉杀菌剂0.1份-0.2份，优选为0.2份。由于微乳切削液含有矿物油、脂肪酸皂、胺、磺酸盐等微生物有机营养成分，用水稀释引入Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、PO43-、SO42-、Cl-等微生物的无机营养素，且在使用过程中混入各种润滑剂和微生物。因此在使用过程中，微乳液容易产生腐败，生物稳定性差。在微乳切削液研制阶段，必须筛选合适的抗细菌及和抗真菌剂，提高其使用寿命。常用的杀菌剂有甲醛释放剂、酚类化合物、水杨酸类、杂环化合物等。但是它们防霉杀菌难以持久发挥作用，效果随着时间增加而减弱，会缩短切削液的寿命，同时它们的污染较大，影响工作环境。本发明采用的是以纳米粒子形式存在的防霉抗菌剂。作为一个实施例，本发明的纳米防霉抗菌剂为单质金属纳米粒子，例如纳米银粒子，纳米金粒子和纳米铜粒子，优选为纳米银粒子。单质金属纳米粒子具有抗菌、除臭等多重的抗菌功能，可有效地抗菌；同时，它可防腐，抵制霉菌生长。Further, the microemulsion cutting fluid of the present invention is used in an amount of 0.1 part by mass to 0.2 part by mass, preferably 0.2 part by weight. Since the microemulsion cutting fluid contains microbial organic nutrients such as mineral oil, fatty acid soap, amine, sulfonate, etc., inorganic nutrients such as Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, PO43-, SO42-, Cl- and the like are diluted with water, and in use. Mix various lubricants and microorganisms. Therefore, during use, the microemulsion is prone to spoilage and poor biostability. In the development stage of microemulsion cutting fluid, it is necessary to screen suitable antibacterial and antifungal agents to improve their service life. Commonly used fungicides are formaldehyde release agents, phenolic compounds, salicylic acids, heterocyclic compounds and the like. However, their anti-mildew sterilization is difficult to exert a long-lasting effect, and the effect is weakened with time, which shortens the life of the cutting fluid, and at the same time, their pollution is large, which affects the working environment. The present invention employs an antifungal antibacterial agent in the form of nanoparticles. As an embodiment, the nano anti-mold antibacterial agent of the present invention is an elemental metal nanoparticle such as nano silver particles, nano gold particles and nano copper particles, preferably nano silver particles. The elemental metal nanoparticles have multiple antibacterial functions such as antibacterial and deodorizing, and can effectively inhibit the bacteria; at the same time, it can resist corrosion and resist mold growth.

具体地，本发明的微乳切削液还包括加工助剂，这些加工助剂可增强微乳切削液的冷却、润滑、防锈和清洗作用等。它们包括油性剂、偶合剂、极压剂、消泡剂、pH调整剂，金属离子掩蔽剂等。油性剂可选择油脂类、脂肪酸类(如油酸)，高级醇类(如十八醇)和酯类(如脂肪酸酯)等。油性剂可增强切削液的润滑作用，减轻刀具-切屑、刀具-工件表面之间产生的摩擦。极压剂可选择有机金属化合物，如钼化物、硼化物、硫代膦酸盐等，有机磷酸酯也是良好的极压剂。它可能和接触的金属表面起反应形成高熔点无机薄膜以防止在高负荷下发生熔结、卡咬、划痕或刮伤。偶合剂可选择硅烷类、钛酸酯类、铝酸酯类和酸酐化聚烯烃有机物等。它可用于处理无机填充剂和增强剂的表面，使其与聚合物具有良好的亲和性，以提高填充和增强改性物的加工性能和制品的物理机械性能。偶合剂是具有两性结构的化合物，分子中的一部分基团可与无机物表面的化学基团反应，形成牢固的化学键合，另一部分基团则有亲有机物性质，可与聚合物分子反应或物理缠绕，从而把两类性质不同的材料紧紧地结合在一起。消泡剂可为乳化硅油、高级醇等。在加入非离子型表面活性剂后，可能产生过量泡沫，影响切削效果，由于泡沫内部是空气，空气的导热性比较差，会削弱冷却效果。消泡剂可防止产生过多泡沫，加强切削液的冷却作用。pH调整剂用来调整体系的pH。由于体系pH值应保持在8～10之间，pH值过低，易滋生细菌霉变；pH值过高，会导致金属腐蚀严重。常见的pH调整剂包括氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、单乙醇胺和二乙醇胺等。金属离子掩蔽剂能络合水中的钙、镁等金属离子。携带在水中金属离子会污染切削液，使其耐磨和极压性能降低。Specifically, the microemulsion cutting fluid of the present invention further includes processing aids which enhance the cooling, lubrication, rust prevention and cleaning effects of the microemulsion cutting fluid. They include oily agents, coupling agents, Extreme pressure agent, defoamer, pH adjuster, metal ion masking agent, etc. The oily agent may be selected from the group consisting of oils and fats, fatty acids (such as oleic acid), higher alcohols (such as stearyl alcohol), and esters (such as fatty acid esters). The oily agent enhances the lubrication of the cutting fluid and reduces the friction between the tool-chip and the tool-surface. The extreme pressure agent can be selected from organometallic compounds such as molybdenum compounds, borides, thiophosphonates, etc., and organic phosphate esters are also good extreme pressure agents. It may react with the metal surface in contact to form a high melting inorganic film to prevent sintering, chipping, scratching or scratching under high load. The coupling agent may be selected from the group consisting of silanes, titanates, aluminates, and acidified polyolefin organics. It can be used to treat the surface of inorganic fillers and reinforcing agents to have good affinity with the polymer to improve the processing properties of the filler and enhance the modification and the physical and mechanical properties of the article. A coupling agent is a compound having an amphoteric structure, a part of a group of molecules can react with a chemical group on the surface of an inorganic substance to form a strong chemical bond, and another part of the group has an organophilic property, which can react with a polymer molecule or physical. Winding, so that two types of materials with different properties are tightly combined. The antifoaming agent may be an emulsified silicone oil, a higher alcohol or the like. After the addition of the nonionic surfactant, excessive foam may be generated, which affects the cutting effect. Since the inside of the foam is air, the thermal conductivity of the air is relatively poor, which may impair the cooling effect. The defoamer prevents excessive foaming and enhances the cooling of the cutting fluid. The pH adjuster is used to adjust the pH of the system. Since the pH value of the system should be kept between 8 and 10, the pH value is too low, and it is easy to breed bacteria and mildew; if the pH value is too high, the metal corrosion will be severe. Common pH adjusting agents include sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, monoethanolamine, and diethanolamine. The metal ion masking agent can complex metal ions such as calcium and magnesium in water. Metal ions carried in the water can contaminate the cutting fluid, reducing its wear resistance and extreme pressure performance.

需要指出的是，本发明的微乳切削液的各组分具有多种功能的。例如，有的组分既是非离子型表面活性剂，又是防锈剂；有的组分既是防锈剂，又是润滑剂；有的组分具有清洗、防锈、润滑等多种作用；有的组分可较好地掩蔽铝离子，同时又具有较好的极压抗磨性。由于切削液是一个复杂的混合体系，它含有基础油、水、非离子型表面活性剂、防锈剂、润滑剂、防霉抗菌剂等多种组分。微乳切削液的稳定性、防锈性、润滑性和极压性等关键指标相互影响，无论增减哪一种组分，体系都必须重新调整。稳定的微乳体系破坏后，轻则微乳体系稳定性变差，重则根本得不到微乳体系。一个稳定良好的微乳液能容纳的其他物质种类和数量是有限的。这就意味着，本发明的微乳切削液的添加剂和加工助剂需要在测试理化性能的基础上，进行多次调配，以得到具有较好切削功能的微乳切削液。It is to be noted that the components of the microemulsion cutting fluid of the present invention have multiple functions. For example, some components are both nonionic surfactants and rust inhibitors; some components are both rust inhibitors and lubricants; some components have various functions such as cleaning, rust prevention, and lubrication; Some components can better mask aluminum ions, and at the same time have better extreme pressure and abrasion resistance. Since the cutting fluid is a complex mixing system, it contains base oil, water, nonionic surfactant, rust inhibitor, lubricant, Various components such as anti-mold and antibacterial agents. The key indicators such as stability, rust resistance, lubricity and extreme pressure of the microemulsion cutting fluid interact with each other. The system must be re-adjusted regardless of which component is added or subtracted. After the destruction of the stable microemulsion system, the stability of the microemulsion system is deteriorated, and the microemulsion system is not obtained at all. The amount and amount of other substances that a stable microemulsion can hold is limited. This means that the additives and processing aids of the microemulsion cutting fluid of the present invention need to be repeatedly formulated on the basis of testing physical and chemical properties to obtain a microemulsion cutting fluid having a good cutting function.

本发明的微乳切削液的制备工艺包括：The preparation process of the microemulsion cutting fluid of the invention comprises:

S1：配制水相体系，持续加热和搅拌下，在容器中加入预先设定重量份的水，缓慢加入预先设定重量份的溶于水相的加工助剂，充分溶解；S1: preparing an aqueous phase system, continuously heating and stirring, adding a predetermined weight of water to the container, slowly adding a predetermined weight part of the processing aid dissolved in the aqueous phase, and fully dissolving;

S2：配制油相体系，持续搅拌和加热下，在反应釜中依次加入预先设定重量份的基础油和添加剂以及溶于油相的加工助剂，充分混合均匀；S2: preparing an oil phase system, continuously stirring and heating, adding a predetermined weight part of the base oil and the additive and a processing aid dissolved in the oil phase in the reaction kettle, and uniformly mixing;

S3：配制微乳体系，持续搅拌和加热下，将配制好的水相体系缓慢加入油相体系，充分混合均；S3: preparing a microemulsion system, continuously stirring and heating, slowly adding the prepared aqueous phase system to the oil phase system, and fully mixing;

S4：静置，得到微乳切削液成品。下面对各个工艺步骤进行说明：S4: Stand still to obtain the finished microemulsion cutting fluid. The following describes each process step:

在进行制备工艺之前，需要设定设定各加工助剂的种类和各组分的重量份，根据微乳切削液着重的性质和用途，设定加工助剂的种类，进而设定各组分的重量份。切削液是一种用在金属切、削、磨加工过程中，用来冷却和润滑刀具和加工件的工业用液体。它具有冷却、润滑、防锈和清洗等作用。根据切削对象的不同，切削液的功能作用侧重不同。例如，本发明的微乳切削液用于黑色金属、有色金属等多种金属零件切削加工，应对各种金属具有良好的防腐蚀性，则微乳切削液中英应加入应对各种金属的缓蚀剂。进一步地，如果对切削液的防锈性能要求较高，则微乳切削液中应加入较多的防锈剂。进一步地，如果对切削液的抗磨性能要求较高，则微乳切削液中应加入较多的油性剂。需要注意的是，当以种组分着重添加时，要防止其过量可能带来的副作用，加入相应的添加剂或加工助剂来降低其副作用。例如，对清洗和润滑作用要求较高的切削液，可加入相对过量的非离子型表面活性剂，但是要防止其带来的过多的泡沫，要相应加入消泡剂，防止产生过多泡沫。否则，不仅微乳切削液的清洗和润滑作用降低，还会导致其冷却作用削弱。Before the preparation process, it is necessary to set the type of each processing aid and the weight of each component, and according to the important properties and uses of the microemulsion cutting fluid, set the types of processing aids, and then set the components. Parts by weight. Cutting fluid is an industrial liquid used in metal cutting, cutting and grinding processes to cool and lubricate tools and workpieces. It has the functions of cooling, lubrication, rust prevention and cleaning. The functional effects of the cutting fluid are different depending on the object to be cut. For example, the microemulsion cutting fluid of the present invention is used for cutting various metal parts such as ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals, and should have good corrosion resistance for various metals, and the micro-milk cutting fluid should be added to the response of various metals. Corrosion agent. Further, if the rust prevention performance of the cutting fluid is high, more rust inhibitor should be added to the microemulsion cutting fluid. Further, if the anti-wear performance of the cutting fluid is high, more oily agent should be added to the microemulsion cutting fluid. It should be noted that when adding the components intensively, it is necessary to prevent the excessive side effects caused by the excessive addition of the corresponding additives or processing aids. Low side effects. For example, for cutting fluids that require high cleaning and lubrication, a relatively large amount of nonionic surfactant may be added, but to prevent excessive foaming, a defoaming agent is added to prevent excessive foaming. . Otherwise, not only will the cleaning and lubrication of the microemulsion cutting fluid be reduced, but also the cooling effect will be impaired.

S1：配制水相体系，持续加热和搅拌下，在容器中加入预先设定重量份的水，缓慢加入预先设定重量份的溶于水相的加工助剂，充分溶解。作为溶于水相的载体，水可以在加热搅拌条件下溶解加工助剂。作为本发明的一个实施例，容器中加入预先设定重量份的水后，启动搅拌，升温至65～75℃，持续搅拌30分钟。这个温度下的水的溶解性能提高，可加入溶于水相的加工助剂，例如无机盐和偶合剂。无机盐可调节水相的渗透性，有助于切削液的传热。偶合剂是醇类，根据相似相容原理，它可溶于水中。偶合剂是具有两性结构的化合物，分子中的羟基可与水结合，形成氢键；分子中的烃基则有亲有机物性质，可与有机物分子，即油相物质反应或物理缠绕，从而把水相和油相紧紧地结合在一起，进而促进后续的微乳体系配制。应该注意的是，水相加热的温度不宜过高或过低。温度过低会导致偶合剂一类的加工助剂与水结合不够充分；温度过高可能会导致加工助剂变质。同时，搅拌可促进水中的溶质均匀溶解，增大和水的反应接触面。形成的稳定均匀的水相后，静置，以待后用。S1: Prepare an aqueous phase system, continuously heat and stir, add a predetermined weight of water to the vessel, and slowly add a predetermined amount of a processing aid dissolved in the aqueous phase to dissolve sufficiently. As a carrier dissolved in the aqueous phase, water can dissolve the processing aid under heating and stirring conditions. As an embodiment of the present invention, after a predetermined weight of water is added to the container, stirring is started, and the temperature is raised to 65 to 75 ° C, and stirring is continued for 30 minutes. The solubility of water at this temperature is improved, and processing aids such as inorganic salts and coupling agents dissolved in the aqueous phase can be added. Inorganic salts regulate the permeability of the aqueous phase and contribute to the heat transfer of the cutting fluid. The coupling agent is an alcohol which is soluble in water according to similar compatibility principles. The coupling agent is a compound having an amphoteric structure, and the hydroxyl group in the molecule can combine with water to form a hydrogen bond; the hydrocarbon group in the molecule has an organophilic property, and can react with or physically entangle with the organic molecule, ie, the oil phase substance, thereby It is tightly combined with the oil phase to promote the subsequent preparation of the microemulsion system. It should be noted that the temperature at which the aqueous phase is heated should not be too high or too low. Too low a temperature will result in insufficient coupling of processing aids such as coupling agents with water; too high temperatures may cause deterioration of processing aids. At the same time, the agitation can promote the uniform dissolution of the solute in the water and increase the reaction surface with the water. After forming a stable and uniform aqueous phase, it is allowed to stand for later use.

S2：配制油相体系，持续搅拌和加热下，在反应釜中依次加入预先设定重量份的基础油和添加剂以及溶于油相的加工助剂，充分混合均匀。基础油作为油相的载体，同时起到润滑抗磨的作用。持续搅拌和加热下，在反应釜中依次加入预先设定重量份的基础油后，此时油相的溶解性能提高，根据相似相容的原理，更多的有机物可溶于其中。这时，再依次加入非离子型表面活性剂、润滑剂、防锈剂和纳米防霉除菌剂。在水包油型乳化液中，油以细小的油滴分散在水中，乳化液呈半透明的液体(油滴直径为 0.05～0.1微米时)或乳白色液体(油滴直径为0.1～1微米时)。为使乳化液保持一定的稳定性，应在液中加入起乳化作用的非离子型表面活性剂。非离子型表面活性剂是一类即使在很低浓度时也能显著降低表(界)面张力的物质。它使得油相的表面张力降低，增加了油相的亲和力。其分子结构的亲水基和疏水基与性能截然相反的分子碎片或基团分处于同一分子的两端并以化学键相连接，赋予了该类特殊分子既亲水、又亲油的特性。在配方中，非离子型表面活性剂的可提高组分之间的乳化能力，使他们彼此能更加有效地混合。加入油相和非离子型表面活性剂后，整个油相体系乳化能力和亲和能力力增强，油相体系逐步稳定。然后，可加入润滑剂和防锈剂。水包油型微乳液外相为水，含油量较低，故其冷却性和流动性都与水接近，易生锈，润滑性较差，可加入润滑剂以增强油相的耐磨性。防锈剂是一种超级高效的合成渗透剂，它能强力渗入铁锈、腐蚀物、油污内从而轻松地清除掉工件和切屑上的锈迹和腐蚀物，具有渗透除锈、松动润滑、抵制腐蚀、保护金属等性能。并可在部件表面上形成并贮存一层润滑膜，可以抑制湿气及许多其它化学成份造成的腐蚀。由于润滑剂和防锈剂都具有一定的表面活性作用，可较好的溶于之前形成的油相体系，形成均匀，性能稳定的油相体系。接下来，就可以加入纳米防霉抗菌剂，具体为单质金属纳米粒子。这种单质金属纳米粒子可纳米银(Nano Silver)就是将粒径做到纳米级的金属银单质纳米粒子是单质金属粒子半径处于100nm以下的状态而性质处于本体和原子之间的物质。单质金属纳米粒子通常包括纳米银粒子，纳米金粒子和纳米铜粒子。作为本发明的一个实施例，纳米防霉除菌剂采用的单质金属纳米粒子为纳米银粒子。纳米银粒子粒径大多在25纳米左右。纳米银粒子的性能与其粒径有直接关系。研究发现，粒径越小，杀菌性能越强。单质银时零价银，无氧化还原性，其释放可控，而且杀菌时间较长。随后，可加入溶于油相的加工助剂，例如，可加入用来增加微乳切削液耐磨性的油性剂。也可加入极压剂，它是含硫、磷、钼、氯等元素的化合物，这些化合物在高温下与金属表面发生化学反应，生成化学吸附膜。可加入极压剂来提高产品的使用性能，减少切削阻力，提高切削效率，并解决引入极压添加剂后对防锈性能的影响，提高产品的储存稳定性尤其是低温稳定性。可采用极压剂包括氯化石蜡、硫化脂肪油、硫氯化棉子油、亚磷酸二丁酯、磷酸三乙酯、ZDDP等。pH调整剂、消泡剂、缓蚀剂虽然加量不大，但作用不小，可根据需要加入。至于气味、颜色、透明度、粘度等感官性能虽然对产品的使用性能没有什么影响，但对于商业上的需求是必要的。可视市场需求，进行调配。将配制好的油相体系静置，以待后用。S2: The oil phase system is prepared, and under constant stirring and heating, a predetermined weight part of the base oil and the additive and a processing aid dissolved in the oil phase are sequentially added to the reaction vessel, and uniformly mixed. The base oil acts as a carrier for the oil phase and at the same time acts to lubricate the antiwear. After continuous stirring and heating, a predetermined weight part of the base oil is sequentially added to the reaction vessel, at which time the solubility of the oil phase is improved, and more organic matter is soluble in accordance with the principle of similar compatibility. At this time, a nonionic surfactant, a lubricant, a rust preventive, and a nano mold-proof fungicide are sequentially added. In an oil-in-water emulsion, the oil is dispersed in water as a fine oil droplet, and the emulsion is a translucent liquid (the diameter of the oil droplet is 0.05 to 0.1 μm) or milky white liquid (when the oil droplet diameter is 0.1 to 1 μm). In order to maintain a certain stability of the emulsion, an emulsified nonionic surfactant should be added to the liquid. Nonionic surfactants are a class of materials that significantly reduce the surface tension of the surface even at very low concentrations. It reduces the surface tension of the oil phase and increases the affinity of the oil phase. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups of the molecular structure are at the opposite ends of the same molecular fragment or group and are linked by chemical bonds, giving the particular molecule a hydrophilic and lipophilic character. In the formulation, nonionic surfactants increase the emulsifying ability between the components, allowing them to mix more effectively with each other. After the addition of the oil phase and the nonionic surfactant, the emulsification ability and the affinity ability of the entire oil phase system are enhanced, and the oil phase system is gradually stabilized. Then, a lubricant and a rust inhibitor can be added. The outer phase of the oil-in-water microemulsion is water, and the oil content is low, so its cooling property and fluidity are close to water, easy to rust, poor lubricity, and a lubricant can be added to enhance the wear resistance of the oil phase. Rust inhibitor is a super-efficient synthetic penetrant that penetrates into rust, corrosives and oils to easily remove rust and corrosion from workpieces and chips. It has osmotic rust, loose lubrication and corrosion resistance. , protection of metal and other properties. A lubricating film can be formed and stored on the surface of the part to suppress corrosion caused by moisture and many other chemical components. Since both the lubricant and the rust preventive agent have a certain surface active effect, they can be well dissolved in the previously formed oil phase system to form a uniform and stable oil phase system. Next, it is possible to add a nano anti-mold antibacterial agent, specifically an elemental metal nanoparticle. The elemental metal nanoparticles are nano silver, which is a metal silver single element particle having a particle size of nanometer order. The elemental metal particle has a radius of 100 nm or less and the property is between the body and the atom. Elemental metal nanoparticles typically include nano-silver particles, nano-gold particles, and nano-copper particles. As an embodiment of the present invention, the elemental metal nanoparticles used in the nanometer mold-proofing agent are nano-silver particles. The particle size of the nano silver particles is mostly around 25 nm. The properties of nanosilver particles are directly related to their particle size. Studies have found that the smaller the particle size, the stronger the germicidal performance. When the elemental silver is zero-valent silver, it has no redox property, its release is controllable, and the sterilization time is longer. Subsequently, a processing aid dissolved in the oil phase can be added, for example, it can be added. An oily agent that increases the wear resistance of the microemulsion cutting fluid. An extreme pressure agent may also be added, which is a compound containing elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, molybdenum, chlorine, etc., which chemically react with a metal surface at a high temperature to form a chemical adsorption film. Extreme pressure agents can be added to improve the performance of the product, reduce the cutting resistance, improve the cutting efficiency, and solve the impact on the anti-rust performance after the introduction of the extreme pressure additive, and improve the storage stability of the product, especially the low temperature stability. Extreme pressure agents may be used, including chlorinated paraffin, sulfurized fatty oil, sulfur chloride cottonseed oil, dibutyl phosphite, triethyl phosphate, ZDDP, and the like. Although the pH adjuster, antifoaming agent and corrosion inhibitor are not large, the effect is not small, and can be added as needed. As for the sensory properties such as odor, color, transparency, viscosity, etc., although it has no effect on the performance of the product, it is necessary for commercial needs. Deploying according to market demand. The prepared oil phase system is allowed to stand for later use.

S3：配制微乳体系，持续搅拌和加热下，将配制好的水相体系缓慢加入油相体系，充分混合均。以上两个步骤分别将水相和油相配制成功，接下来就把两相混合均匀。需要指出的是，针对S1中设定的各组分的重量份和种类，需要反复多次配制，调整配方，进行多次理化性能测验。如遇到那一项性能不过关，在进行调整配方，直至合格；在如此进行下一个试验项目，知道最后达到全部性能试验都通过。可对混合后配制的微乳切削液进行极压性、乳液安定性、5％稀释液pH值、消泡性、防锈性和水硬度以及外观的测试。这些性能可一一测试，并进行调整。例如，可先测试微乳切削液水硬度，如果水硬度过高，说明切削液中含有过多的镁离子和钙离子，这会影响切削效果。这时可加入金属离子掩蔽剂，将杂质离子掩蔽，降低切削液的水硬度。例如，也可测试微乳切削液的消泡性。如果加入的非离子型表面活性剂稍微过量，产生过多的泡沫，可加入消泡剂消除产生的过多泡沫，防止过多泡沫影响切削液的传热性能。对于防锈性能要求较高的产品，可进行苛刻的防锈试验，可至少进行两种防锈试验方法。一个稳定性良好的微乳液能容纳的其他物质种类和数量是有限的，这就限制了对某一单一组分作用的研究。要得到性能较好的配方，需对特定体系有深入的了解。这样，经过多次测试和重新调配，可得到性能和外观都较好的微乳切削液。S3: The microemulsion system is prepared, and the prepared aqueous phase system is slowly added to the oil phase system under continuous stirring and heating, and fully mixed. In the above two steps, the aqueous phase and the oil phase are separately prepared, and then the two phases are uniformly mixed. It should be pointed out that for the weight parts and types of the components set in S1, it is necessary to repeatedly prepare, adjust the formula, and perform multiple physical and chemical performance tests. If the performance is not enough, the formula is adjusted until it is qualified; in this way, the next test project is completed, and it is known that all the performance tests are passed. The microemulsion cutting fluid prepared after mixing can be tested for extreme pressure, emulsion stability, 5% dilution pH, defoaming, rust resistance, water hardness and appearance. These properties can be tested and adjusted. For example, the hardness of the microemulsion cutting fluid can be tested first. If the water hardness is too high, the cutting fluid contains too much magnesium and calcium ions, which will affect the cutting effect. At this time, a metal ion masking agent can be added to mask the impurity ions to reduce the water hardness of the cutting fluid. For example, the defoaming properties of the microemulsion cutting fluid can also be tested. If a small amount of nonionic surfactant is added, excessive foam is generated, and an antifoaming agent may be added to eliminate excess foam generated to prevent excessive foam from affecting the heat transfer performance of the cutting fluid. For products with high rust resistance requirements, severe rust test can be carried out, and at least two rust test methods can be performed. The amount and amount of other substances that a well-stabilized microemulsion can accommodate is limited, which limits A study of the effects of a single component. To get a better performance formula, you need to have a deep understanding of the specific system. In this way, after many tests and redistribution, a microemulsion cutting fluid with good performance and appearance can be obtained.

S4：静置，得到微乳切削液成品。将各组分的种类和重量份配制好的微乳切削液静置后得到稳定的微乳体系。本发明实施例最终配成的微乳切削液原液外观应是棕色透明均匀油状液体，无分层、无沉淀。S4: Stand still to obtain the finished microemulsion cutting fluid. The stabilized microemulsion system is obtained by allowing the microemulsion cutting fluid prepared by the type and weight of each component to stand. The final preparation of the microemulsion cutting fluid solution in the embodiment of the present invention should be a brown transparent uniform oily liquid without delamination and no precipitation.

下面给出本发明的微乳切削液的制备方法的具体实施方式。Specific embodiments of the preparation method of the microemulsion cutting fluid of the present invention are given below.

实施例1Example 1

在进行制备工艺之前，设定各组分的重量份，液相载体：采用45份水，采用6份基础油；添加剂：防锈剂采用21份2-氨基乙醇硼酸酯，润滑剂采用16份高脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，纳米防霉抗菌剂采用0.1份纳米银粒子，非离子型表面活性剂采用6份司盘-80；Before the preparation process, the weight fraction of each component is set, the liquid carrier is: 45 parts of water, 6 parts of base oil is used; the additive: rust inhibitor is 21 parts of 2-aminoethanol borate, and the lubricant is 16 a high-fat alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, a nano-anti-mold antibacterial agent using 0.1 parts of nano-silver particles, and a non-ionic surfactant using 6 parts of a disc-80;

S1：配制水相体系，持续加热和搅拌下，在容器中加入45份水，充分溶解；S1: preparing an aqueous phase system, continuously heating and stirring, adding 45 parts of water to the container, and fully dissolving;

S2：配制油相体系，持续搅拌和加热下，在反应釜中依次加入采用12份基础油(由中石油购得)和21份2-氨基乙醇硼酸酯、16份高脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、0.1份纳米银粒子、6份司盘-80(由巴斯夫股份公司购得)充分混合均匀；S2: Prepare the oil phase system, continuously stir and heat, add 12 parts base oil (purchased from PetroChina) and 21 parts of 2-aminoethanol borate, 16 parts of high-fat alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in the reactor. 0.1 parts of nano silver particles, 6 parts of Span-80 (purchased by BASF AG), fully mixed;

S4：静置，得到微乳切削液成品。S4: Stand still to obtain the finished microemulsion cutting fluid.

采用GB份-T 3142份1982润滑剂承载能力测定法(四球法)测定微乳切削液的最大无卡咬负荷值PB为82kg、烧结负荷值PD为124kg。微乳切削液在使用过程中金属未有生锈现象，持续使用一年后微乳切削液仍清澈透明、未发生霉变，仍可继续使用。 The maximum no-bite load value PB of the microemulsion cutting fluid was determined to be 82 kg and the sintering load value PD was 124 kg using GB-T 3142 parts 1982 lubricant bearing capacity measurement method (four-ball method). The microemulsion cutting fluid does not rust during use. After one year of continuous use, the microemulsion cutting fluid is still clear and transparent, and no mildew has occurred, and it can be used continuously.

实施例2Example 2

在进行制备工艺之前，设定各组分的重量份，液相载体：采用42份水，采用10份基础油；添加剂：防锈剂采用23份2-氨基乙醇硼酸酯，润滑剂采用18份高脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，纳米防霉抗菌剂采用0.2份纳米银粒子，非离子型表面活性剂采用5份司盘-80；Before the preparation process, the weight fraction of each component is set, the liquid carrier is: 42 parts of water is used, 10 parts of base oil is used; the additive: rust inhibitor is 23 parts of 2-aminoethanol borate, and the lubricant is 18 a high-fat alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, a nanometer anti-mold antibacterial agent using 0.2 parts of nano-silver particles, and a non-ionic surfactant using 5 parts of Span-80;

S1：配制水相体系，持续加热和搅拌下，在容器中加入42份水；S1: preparing an aqueous phase system, continuously heating and stirring, adding 42 parts of water to the container;

S2：配制油相体系，持续搅拌和加热下，在反应釜中依次加入采用10份基础油(由中石油购得)和23份2-氨基乙醇硼酸酯、18份高脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、0.2份纳米银粒子、5份司盘-80(由巴斯夫股份公司购得)充分混合均匀；S2: Prepare the oil phase system, continuously stir and heat, add 10 parts base oil (purchased from PetroChina) and 23 parts of 2-aminoethanol borate, 18 parts of high-fat alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in the reactor. 0.2 parts of nano silver particles, 5 parts of Span-80 (purchased by BASF AG), fully mixed;

采用GB份-T 3142份1982润滑剂承载能力测定法(四球法)测定微乳切削液的最大无卡咬负荷值PB为80kg、烧结负荷值PD为122kg。微乳切削液在使用过程中金属未有生锈现象，持续使用一年后微乳切削液仍清澈透明、未发生霉变，仍可继续使用。The maximum no-bite load value PB of the microemulsion cutting fluid was determined to be 80 kg and the sintering load value PD was 122 kg using GB-T 3142 parts 1982 lubricant bearing capacity measuring method (four-ball method). The microemulsion cutting fluid does not rust during use. After one year of continuous use, the microemulsion cutting fluid is still clear and transparent, and no mildew has occurred, and it can be used continuously.

实施例3Example 3

在进行制备工艺之前，设定各组分的重量份，液相载体：采用38份水，采用15份基础油；添加剂：防锈剂采用25份2-氨基乙醇硼酸酯，润滑剂采用12份高脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，纳米防霉抗菌剂采用0.1份纳米银粒子，非离子型表面活性剂采用8份司盘-80；Before the preparation process, the weight fraction of each component is set, the liquid carrier is: 38 parts of water is used, 15 parts of base oil is used; the additive: the rust inhibitor is 25 parts of 2-aminoethanol borate, and the lubricant is 12 a high-fat alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, a nano-anti-mold antibacterial agent using 0.1 parts of nano-silver particles, and a non-ionic surfactant using 8 parts of a disc-80;

S1：配制水相体系，持续加热和搅拌下，在容器中加入38份水，充分溶解；S1: preparing an aqueous phase system, continuously heating and stirring, adding 38 parts of water to the container, and fully dissolving;

S2：配制油相体系，持续搅拌和加热下，在反应釜中依次加入采用15 份基础油(由中石油购得)和25份2-氨基乙醇硼酸酯、12份高脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、0.1份纳米银粒子、8份司盘-80(由巴斯夫股份公司购得)充分混合均匀；S2: Prepare the oil phase system, continue to stir and heat, and add 15 in the reactor. Base oil (purchased from PetroChina) and 25 parts of 2-aminoethanol borate, 12 parts of high-fat alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 0.1 part of nano-silver particles, 8 parts of Span-80 (purchased by BASF AG) Fully mixed evenly;

采用GB份-T 3142份1982润滑剂承载能力测定法(四球法)测定微乳切削液的最大无卡咬负荷值PB为82kg、烧结负荷值PD为124kg。微乳切削液在使用过程中金属未有生锈现象，持续使用一年后微乳切削液仍清澈透明、未发生霉变，仍可继续使用。The maximum no-bite load value PB of the microemulsion cutting fluid was determined to be 82 kg and the sintering load value PD was 124 kg using GB-T 3142 parts 1982 lubricant bearing capacity measurement method (four-ball method). The microemulsion cutting fluid does not rust during use. After one year of continuous use, the microemulsion cutting fluid is still clear and transparent, and no mildew has occurred, and it can be used continuously.

实施例4Example 4

在进行制备工艺之前，设定各组分的重量份，液相载体：采用35份水，采用15份基础油；添加剂：防锈剂采用18份2-氨基乙醇硼酸酯，润滑剂采用13份高脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，纳米防霉抗菌剂采用0.1份纳米银粒子，非离子型表面活性剂采用5份司盘-80；Before the preparation process, the weight fraction of each component is set, the liquid carrier is: 35 parts of water is used, 15 parts of base oil is used; the additive: rust inhibitor is 18 parts of 2-aminoethanol borate, and the lubricant is 13 The high-fat alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, the nano anti-mold antibacterial agent uses 0.1 parts of nano silver particles, and the non-ionic surfactant uses 5 parts of the disc-80;

S1：配制水相体系，持续加热和搅拌下，在容器中加入35份水，充分溶解；S1: preparing an aqueous phase system, continuously heating and stirring, adding 35 parts of water to the container, and fully dissolving;

S2：配制油相体系，持续搅拌和加热下，在反应釜中依次加入采用15份基础油(由中石油购得)和18份2-氨基乙醇硼酸酯、13份高脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、0.1份纳米银粒子、5份司盘-80(由巴斯夫股份公司购得)，充分混合均匀；S2: Prepare the oil phase system, continuously stir and heat, add 15 parts base oil (purchased from PetroChina) and 18 parts of 2-aminoethanol borate, 13 parts of high-fat alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in the reactor. 0.1 parts of nano silver particles, 5 parts of Span-80 (purchased by BASF AG), fully mixed evenly;

采用GB份-T 3142份1982润滑剂承载能力测定法(四球法)测定微乳切削液的最大无卡咬负荷值PB为90kg、烧结负荷值PD为128kg。微乳切削液在使用过程中金属未有生锈现象，持续使用一年后微乳切削液仍清澈透明、未发生霉变，仍可继续使用。Determination of microemulsion by GB-T 3142 parts 1982 lubricant load capacity measurement method (four-ball method) The maximum no-bite load value PB of the cutting fluid was 90 kg, and the sintering load value PD was 128 kg. The microemulsion cutting fluid does not rust during use. After one year of continuous use, the microemulsion cutting fluid is still clear and transparent, and no mildew has occurred, and it can be used continuously.

申请人经长期研究发现，将酰胺溶于水中后，会吸收水分子与交联聚合物的基团发生水合,解离出了大量的阳离子，使得阳离子做相对自由的运动，而解离出的聚合物离子则处于相对静止状态，上述两者间存在很强的静电斥力，可以使聚合物链的伸展并最终导致整个网状结构在空间上的扩张,水分子与网状结构中解离出离子水合，水合后构成了与自由水不相同的环境,环境内外存在很强的渗透压，从而改善了普通水的结构，并与其他组分一起相互协同使切削液获得了润滑性、极压性能优异，金属屑沉降快、油水分离速度快的良好效果。The applicant has found through long-term research that after dissolving the amide in water, it will absorb water molecules and hydrate the groups of the cross-linked polymer, dissociate a large amount of cations, and make the cations move relatively freely, and dissociate. The polymer ions are in a relatively static state, and there is a strong electrostatic repulsion between the two, which can cause the polymer chain to stretch and eventually cause the entire network structure to expand in space, and the water molecules and the network structure are dissociated. Ionic hydration, hydration constitutes an environment different from free water, and there is a strong osmotic pressure inside and outside the environment, which improves the structure of ordinary water, and cooperates with other components to obtain lubricity and extreme pressure of the cutting fluid. Excellent performance, good metal chip sedimentation, and good separation of oil and water.

以上对本发明所提供的微乳切削液及其制备工艺进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰。这些改进和修饰也应当落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。 The microemulsion cutting fluid provided by the present invention and the preparation process thereof are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of understanding the core concepts of the present invention. It is to be noted that a number of modifications and variations of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention. Such modifications and modifications are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

一种微乳切削液，其特征在于，包括以下组分：A microemulsion cutting fluid characterized by comprising the following components:

液相载体：水35份-50份,基础油8份-15份；Liquid carrier: 35 parts - 50 parts of water, 8 parts - 15 parts of base oil;

添加剂：防锈剂15份-25份，润滑剂10份-20份，非离子型表面活性剂5份-8份，纳米防霉杀菌剂0.1份-0.2份；以及Additives: rust inhibitor 15 parts - 25 parts, lubricant 10 parts - 20 parts, non-ionic surfactant 5 parts - 8 parts, nano mold-proof fungicide 0.1 parts - 0.2 parts;

加工助剂。Processing aids.
根据权利要求1所述的微乳切削液，其特征在于，包括以下组分：液相载体：水45份,基础油12份；The microemulsion cutting fluid according to claim 1, comprising the following components: a liquid carrier: 45 parts of water, and 12 parts of a base oil;

添加剂：防锈剂21份，润滑剂16份，非离子型表面活性剂6份，纳米防霉杀菌剂0.2份；以及Additives: 21 parts of rust inhibitor, 16 parts of lubricant, 6 parts of nonionic surfactant, 0.2 parts of nano mold-proof fungicide;

加工助剂。Processing aids.
根据权利要求1所述的微乳切削液，其特征在于，所述防锈剂为硼酸醇胺。The microemulsion cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein the rust inhibitor is boric acid amine.
根据权利要求3所述的微乳切削液，其特征在于，所述硼酸醇胺为2-氨基乙醇硼酸酯。The microemulsion cutting fluid according to claim 3, wherein the borate amine is 2-aminoethanol borate.
根据权利要求1所述的微乳切削液，其特征在于，所述润滑剂为聚醚润滑剂。The microemulsion cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant is a polyether lubricant.
根据权利要求5所述的微乳切削液，其特征在于，所述聚醚润滑剂为高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。The microemulsion cutting fluid according to claim 5, wherein the polyether lubricant is a higher aliphatic alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.
根据权利要求1所述的微乳切削液，其特征在于，所述非离子型表面活性剂为司盘-80。The microemulsion cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant is Span-80.
根据权利要求1所述的微乳切削液，其特征在于，所述纳米防霉杀菌剂为单质金属纳米粒子。The microemulsion cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein the nanometer mold inhibitor is an elemental metal nanoparticle.
根据权利要求8所述的微乳切削液，其特征在于，所述单质金属纳米粒子为纳米银粒子。The microemulsion cutting fluid according to claim 8, wherein the elemental metal nanometer The particles are nano silver particles.
一种权利要求1所述微乳切削液的制备工艺，包括：A process for preparing a microemulsion cutting fluid according to claim 1, comprising:

配制水相体系，持续搅拌和加热下，在容器中加入预先设定重量份的所述水，缓慢加入预先设定重量份的溶于水相的所述加工助剂，充分溶解；配制油相体系，持续搅拌和加热下，在反应釜中依次加入预先设定重量份的所述基础油和所述添加剂以及溶于油相的所述加工助剂，充分混合均匀；配制微乳体系，持续搅拌和加热下，将配制好的所述水相体系缓慢加入所述油相体系，充分混合均匀；Preparing an aqueous phase system, continuously stirring and heating, adding a predetermined weight of the water to the vessel, slowly adding the predetermined amount of the processing aid dissolved in the aqueous phase, and fully dissolving; preparing the oil phase a system, under continuous stirring and heating, adding a predetermined part by weight of the base oil and the additive and the processing aid dissolved in the oil phase in the reaction vessel, and uniformly mixing; preparing the microemulsion system continuously The stirred aqueous phase system is slowly added to the oil phase system under stirring and heating, and fully mixed uniformly;

静置，得到所述微乳切削液成品。 After standing, the finished product of the microemulsion cutting fluid is obtained.