WO2017203805A1 - Member formed from aluminum alloy and lng vaporizer - Google Patents

Member formed from aluminum alloy and lng vaporizer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017203805A1
WO2017203805A1 PCT/JP2017/010625 JP2017010625W WO2017203805A1 WO 2017203805 A1 WO2017203805 A1 WO 2017203805A1 JP 2017010625 W JP2017010625 W JP 2017010625W WO 2017203805 A1 WO2017203805 A1 WO 2017203805A1
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mass
aluminum alloy
corrosion
heat transfer
outer layer
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PCT/JP2017/010625
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
真司 阪下
亘 漆原
祐二 澄田
龍生 吉田
康行 堀家
大造 青木
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株式会社神戸製鋼所
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Publication of WO2017203805A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017203805A1/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06Metallic material
    • C23C4/08Metallic material containing only metal elements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23FNON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23FNON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C23F13/08Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
    • C23F13/12Electrodes characterised by the material
    • C23F13/14Material for sacrificial anodes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an aluminum alloy member and an LNG vaporizer. More specifically, the present invention is excellent in corrosion resistance in a corrosive environment such as a seawater environment, and is made of an aluminum alloy used for various vaporizers and heat exchangers such as members for vaporizers of liquefied natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas
  • the present invention relates to a member and an LNG vaporizer including the same.
  • heat transfer members such as heat transfer pipes and header pipes used for liquefied natural gas (hereinafter, also referred to as "LNG") vaporizers and various heat exchangers. It is used.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • Such aluminum alloy members may locally undergo corrosion (pitting corrosion) by being exposed to the air or water for a long time, and as a result, they may lead to penetration of the members.
  • the cathodic protection method is often used.
  • a substrate made of an aluminum alloy is brought into contact with a substrate by applying a sacrificial coating such as an Al-Zn alloy or a fin material such as Al-Zn alloy, which has a lower corrosion potential than the substrate. It is the one that obtains the corrosion protection effect.
  • a method of adding a corrosion inhibitor (inhibitor) to circulating water is also used in combination.
  • Patent Document 1 proposes that a film made of an aluminum alloy having a Mg content higher than that of the base material of the heat transfer tube be formed on the surface of the base material as a sacrificial anticorrosive film.
  • Patent Document 2 the swelling and peeling of the sacrificial anticorrosive coating are prevented by adjusting the roughness at the interface between the sacrificial anticorrosive coating made of Al-Zn alloy or Al-Mg alloy and the substrate. Has been proposed.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy member excellent in sacrificial corrosion resistance and capable of more effectively suppressing the swelling of a film formed on the surface of a substrate, and an LNG vaporizer provided with the same. It is.
  • An aluminum alloy member includes a base made of an aluminum alloy, and a film formed on the surface of the base.
  • the film is formed between an outer layer made of an aluminum alloy containing magnesium in an amount of 1% by mass to 20% by mass, and the base and the outer layer, and contains 1% by mass to 20% by mass of zinc And an inner layer made of an aluminum alloy.
  • An LNG vaporizer according to another aspect of the present invention includes the above-described aluminum alloy member.
  • IFNV intermediate-medium type LNG vaporizer
  • the aluminum alloy member according to the present embodiment includes a base made of an aluminum alloy, and a film formed on the surface of the base.
  • the film is formed between an outer layer made of an aluminum alloy containing magnesium in an amount of 1% by mass to 20% by mass, and the base and the outer layer, and contains 1% by mass to 20% by mass of zinc And an inner layer made of an aluminum alloy.
  • the present inventors diligently studied the improvement of the durability of an aluminum alloy member exposed to a corrosive solution, such as seawater containing copper ions. Specifically, we carefully study measures to prevent the swelling of the film, which is the initial deterioration of the sacrificial anticorrosive film, and to ensure the corrosion resistance of the substrate even after the deterioration of the film progresses and the substrate is exposed.
  • a corrosive solution such as seawater containing copper ions
  • the present inventors form the outer layer which consists of an Al-Mg alloy which adjusted the component composition in the suitable range, and the inner layer which consists of an Al-Zn alloy as a film on the surface of a substrate, While finding that the swelling of the film which is the initial deterioration is suppressed, and the corrosion resistance of the substrate after the exposure of the substrate is improved, the present invention was conceived.
  • an outer layer made of an aluminum alloy containing 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of magnesium is formed. Since magnesium is an element whose corrosion potential is lower than that of aluminum, its inclusion in an outer layer exposed to seawater can improve the sacrificial corrosion resistance of the film. That is, even after the corrosion progresses and the surface of the substrate is exposed, the corrosion resistance of the substrate can be secured by corroding the outer layer preferentially over the substrate.
  • the magnesium content of the outer layer is adjusted to 1% by mass or more.
  • the magnesium content of the outer layer is adjusted to 20% by mass or less.
  • the magnesium content of the outer layer is preferably 1.2% by mass or more, and more preferably 1.5% by mass or more.
  • the magnesium content of the outer layer is preferably 19% by mass or less, more preferably 18% by mass or less.
  • the sacrificial corrosion resistance of a film can be improved by forming the outer layer which adjusted magnesium content to a suitable quantity, when the single layer film by the said outer layer is formed, the following problems are mentioned.
  • the following problems are mentioned. That is, when a single layer coating consisting only of the outer layer is formed on the surface of the substrate, if local corrosion such as pitting occurs in the coating, the pH in the bottom of the hole decreases and the chloride is concentrated Corrosion rate increases. As a result, localized corrosion easily reaches the substrate. In this case, seawater entering from the pores of the coating reaches the interface between the substrate and the coating, and corrosion progresses at the interface. As a result, there is a problem that volumetric expansion of the film occurs due to the corrosion product generated at the interface, and the film swells.
  • the inventors of the present invention described the above local corrosion as described above by forming an inner layer containing a suitable amount of zinc whose corrosion potential is intermediate between magnesium and aluminum between the substrate and the outer layer. We found that we could suppress the progression.
  • Zinc has a lower corrosion potential than aluminum of the base material, but has a higher corrosion potential than magnesium of the outer layer, and therefore has an action of suppressing the progress of local corrosion of the outer layer made of an Al-Mg alloy. Therefore, by forming the inner layer, it is possible to prevent seawater from reaching the interface between the substrate and the film, and as a result, it is possible to suppress the swelling of the film due to the progress of corrosion at the interface.
  • the inner layer since the inner layer has a lower corrosion potential than the base material, it can be made to act as a sacrificial anticorrosive coating like the outer layer after the base material is exposed.
  • the zinc content of the inner layer is adjusted to 1% by mass or more.
  • the zinc content of the inner layer is adjusted to 20% by mass or less.
  • the zinc content of the inner layer is preferably 1.2% by mass or more, and more preferably 1.5% by mass or more.
  • the zinc content of the inner layer is preferably 19% by mass or less, more preferably 18% by mass or less.
  • the outer layer may further contain a smaller amount of zinc than magnesium.
  • the inner layer may further contain a smaller amount of magnesium than zinc.
  • the outer layer contains the same zinc as the element contained in the inner layer and also containing the same magnesium as the element contained in the outer layer, the affinity between the inner layer and the outer layer is improved. As a result, the adhesion between the layers can be improved.
  • the magnesium content in the outer layer may be larger than the magnesium content in the inner layer.
  • magnesium is contained more in the outer layer exposed to seawater than in the inner layer, since magnesium is an element that enhances the corrosion potential of the film to improve the sacrificial corrosion resistance.
  • At least one of the outer layer and the inner layer is 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of silicon, and 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less Iron, 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of copper, 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of manganese, 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of chromium and 0.01 It may further contain at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium by weight or more and 1.0% by weight or less.
  • Silicon, iron, copper, manganese, chromium and titanium have the effect of reducing the film consumption rate by reducing the anodic reaction rate of aluminum.
  • content of these elements in the film is excessive, the corrosion potential may become noble and the sacrificial corrosion resistance may decrease.
  • content of these elements in an outer layer or an inner layer is 0.01 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less.
  • the base material may be made of any one of 3000 series, 5000 series and 6000 series aluminum alloys.
  • 3000 series, 5000 series and 6000 series are international aluminum alloy names.
  • the base material one made of an aluminum alloy having good thermal conductivity and no brittle fracture even at low temperatures is used.
  • the aluminum alloys those of the 2000 series, 3000 series, 5000 series, 6000 series or 7000 series can be suitably used from the viewpoint of strength, and particularly those of the 3000 series, 5000 series or 6000 series It is preferred to use.
  • good strength and corrosion resistance can be obtained.
  • A3003, A3203, A5052, A5154, A5083, A6061, A6063 or A6N01 can be used.
  • what heat-treated, such as hardening, tempering, and artificial aging may be used as needed.
  • the aluminum alloy member may be used in a low temperature environment of 0 ° C. or less.
  • the above aluminum alloy member has a coating excellent in sacrificial corrosion resistance formed on the surface of a substrate, so that it can be used continuously with long life even when used in a low temperature environment of 0 ° C. or less it can.
  • the aluminum alloy member may be configured as a heat transfer pipe or a header pipe of an LNG vaporizer.
  • the aluminum alloy member is a member having a coating excellent in sacrificial corrosion resistance formed on the surface of a substrate. For this reason, high corrosion resistance is achieved even when used under an environment where it is exposed to seawater, which is a corrosive medium, and is subjected to temperature change between low temperature and normal temperature, such as a heat transfer pipe or header pipe of an LNG vaporizer. You can get it.
  • the LNG vaporizer which concerns on this embodiment is provided with the said aluminum-alloy-made members.
  • the aluminum alloy member is excellent in sacrificial corrosion resistance and can suppress the swelling of the film. Therefore, the life of the LNG vaporizer can be further extended by providing the above-mentioned aluminum alloy member.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the configuration as viewed from the side of the LNG vaporizer 1.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the cross-sectional structure of the LNG vaporizer 1 along the line segment II-II in FIG.
  • the LNG vaporizer 1 is an open rack type vaporizer (ORV).
  • the LNG vaporizer 1 uses seawater as a heat source (fluid), and is liquefied liquefied gas of cryogenic temperature (-162 ° C. or less) flowing inside the heat transfer tube 13 and seawater at normal temperature flowing outside the heat transfer tube 13
  • the LNG is gasified by heat exchange between
  • the LNG vaporizer 1 includes a plurality of heat transfer pipe panels 11 which exchange heat between LNG and seawater, and a trough 12 which supplies the heat transfer pipe panels 11 with seawater.
  • Sea water may contain a trace amount of copper ions.
  • the heat transfer tube panels 11 are arranged at an interval in the lateral direction in a posture in which the heat transfer tube panels 11 are vertically erected.
  • the heat transfer pipe panel 11 includes a plurality of heat transfer pipes 13 spaced apart from one another, lower header pipes 14 connected to the lower ends of the heat transfer pipes 13, and heat transfer pipes 13. And an upper header pipe 15 connected to the upper end.
  • the lower header pipe 14 is connected to an inlet manifold 16 communicating therewith.
  • An outlet manifold 17 communicating with the upper header pipe 15 is connected to the upper header pipe 15.
  • the heat transfer pipe 13 and the lower header pipe 14 are heat transfer members, and are used in a low temperature environment of 0 ° C. or less because cryogenic LNG flows.
  • the heat transfer pipe 13 and the lower header pipe 14 are respectively made of the aluminum alloy members according to the present embodiment, and the details will be described later.
  • the trough 12 is comprised by the aluminum alloy member which concerns on this embodiment, upper direction opens, and consists of a container in which seawater accumulates. As shown in FIG. 2, the troughs 12 are disposed on the upper side (lower side than the upper header pipe 15) of the heat transfer pipe panel 11 between the adjacent heat transfer pipe panels 11. The trough 12 stores the seawater supplied from the seawater header pipe (not shown). Then, as shown by the arrows in FIG. 2, the seawater overflowing from the trough 12 flows down along the outer surface of the heat transfer tube 13 in each heat transfer tube panel 11. The details of the trough 12 will also be described later.
  • LNG flows in the order of the inlet manifold 16 and the lower header pipe 14, and then is diverted to each heat transfer pipe 13. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the LNG flows from the lower side to the upper side in the flow path 7 inside each heat transfer pipe 13, while the seawater supplied from the trough 12 to the heat transfer pipe panel 11 is the outer surface of the heat transfer pipe 13. Flow down along.
  • LNG is vaporized by heat exchange with seawater (heat absorption from seawater) through the heat transfer tube 13 and becomes NG. Then, the NG gathers in the upper header pipe 15, passes through the outlet manifold 17, and is discharged as, for example, a gas at normal temperature.
  • a member through which seawater flows such as the heat transfer tube 13 constituted by an aluminum alloy member, the lower header tube 14 and the trough 12, etc. It is exposed to seawater which is a corrosive medium. Specifically, the outer surfaces of the heat transfer tube 13 and the lower header tube 14 and the inner surface of the trough 12 are exposed to seawater. For this reason, if the anticorrosion coating is not formed, the corrosion of aluminum progresses by being exposed to seawater for a long time during the operation of the LNG vaporizer 1, and the local corrosion such as pitting progresses. .
  • FIG. 3 shows the cross-sectional structure of the heat transfer tube 13 along the radial direction.
  • the heat transfer tube 13 is one in which a flow path 7 through which LNG flows is formed inside.
  • the heat transfer tube 13 includes a base 21 made of an aluminum alloy, and a coating 22 formed on the outer surface of the base 21.
  • the base 21 includes a hollow cylindrical tube main body 23 in which the flow path 7 is formed, and a plurality (10 in the present embodiment) of fins 24 protruding outward from the outer surface of the pipe main body 23 in the radial direction. And.
  • the fins 24 are provided to widen the heat transfer area of the heat transfer tube 13 and have the same shape and size. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the fins 24 are formed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on the outer surface of the tube main body 23.
  • the form of the fins 24 is not limited to this, and the plurality of fins 24 may have different shapes and sizes, or may be formed at different intervals along the circumferential direction.
  • the base material 21 is made of an aluminum alloy which is excellent in heat conductivity to increase the heat exchange efficiency between LNG and seawater, and from the viewpoint of strength and corrosion resistance, any one of the 3000 series, 5000 series and 6000 series aluminum alloys. It is composed of More specifically, the base 21 is made of an aluminum alloy such as A3003, A3203, A5052, A5154, A5083, A6061, A6063 or A6N01.
  • the coating 22 is a sacrificial anticorrosion coating for preventing the corrosion of the base 21, and is formed on the outer surface of the base 21 so as to conform to the shapes of the tube main body 23 and the fins 24.
  • the film 22 has a two-layer structure of the outer layer 26 made of an Al-Mg alloy and the inner layer 25 made of an Al-Zn alloy. It has the feature in the point.
  • the outer layer 26 is a layer including the outermost surface 22A of the coating 22, the seawater overflowing from the trough 12 (FIG. 2) mainly comes in contact with it.
  • the outer layer 26 contains 1 mass% or more and 20 mass% or less of Mg, and is comprised by the aluminum alloy which consists of remainder aluminum and an unavoidable impurity.
  • the "unavoidable impurities" are included in an amount that does not impair the anticorrosion performance of the outer layer 26, and examples thereof include elements such as H, O, C, and B.
  • Mg is an element having a lower corrosion potential than Al, and by enhancing the corrosion potential of the outer layer 26 relative to the base 21, the sacrificial corrosion resistance is improved. That is, even when corrosion progresses and the outer surface of the substrate 21 is exposed, the corrosion of the substrate 21 can be prevented by corroding the outer layer 26 preferentially over the substrate 21 (a sacrificial protection). .
  • the Mg content of the outer layer 26 is adjusted to 1 mass% or more. However, if the Mg content of the outer layer 26 is excessive, the consumption rate of the film increases and it becomes difficult to obtain the desired life, so the Mg content of the outer layer 26 is adjusted to 20% by mass or less. ing.
  • the Mg content of the outer layer 26 is preferably 1.2% by mass to 19% by mass, more preferably 1.5% by mass to 18% by mass, and 4% by mass to 6% by mass. It is more preferable that there be some, most preferably around 5% by mass. Further, as described above, the outer layer 26 is a layer including the outermost surface 22A of the coating 22 and higher sacrificial corrosion resistance than the inner layer 25 is required. Therefore, the Mg content in the outer layer 26 is the Mg content in the inner layer 25 It is more than that.
  • the film 22 when the film 22 is constituted by a single layer film of only the outer layer 26 made of an Al—Mg-based alloy, the corrosion rate in the depth direction of the outer layer 26 is large. Then, the holes 26A easily reach the substrate 21. In this case, seawater enters from the holes 26A formed in the outer layer 26, and corrosion progresses at the interface 21A between the base 21 and the outer layer 26. As a result, there is a problem that volumetric expansion of the coating 22 occurs due to the corrosion product 21B generated at the interface 21A, and the coating 22 is swollen.
  • the inner layer 25 made of an aluminum alloy containing an appropriate amount of Zn is formed between the base 21 and the outer layer 26. As shown in FIG. 3, the inner layer 25 is formed to be in contact with the outer surface of the base 21 (the tube body 23 and the fin 24), and the outer layer 26 is formed to be in contact with the outer surface of the inner layer 25. .
  • the inner layer 25 contains 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of zinc, and is made of an aluminum alloy including the balance aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
  • the Zn of the inner layer 25 has a lower corrosion potential than the Al of the base material 21, but has a nobler corrosion potential than the Mg of the outer layer 26. Therefore, the inner layer 25 has a nobler corrosion potential than the outer layer 26. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, even if local corrosion in the outer layer 26 progresses to form the holes 26A, the inner layer 25 has a nobler corrosion potential than the outer layer 26, so that the holes 26A are formed of the substrate 21. It can prevent reaching the surface. That is, the inner layer 25 functions as a coating layer for preventing pitting of the coating 22 from reaching the substrate 21.
  • the Zn content of the inner layer 25 is 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, preferably 1% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less, and most preferably 2% by mass It is near.
  • the corrosion potential of the inner layer 25 is more negative than the corrosion potential of the substrate 21, and the corrosion potential of the outer layer 26 is more negative than the corrosion potential of the inner layer 25.
  • the base 21, the inner layer 25, and the outer layer 26 are configured in this order (the outer layer 26, the inner layer 25, and the base 21 are nobled in order).
  • the heat exchanger tube 13 has the 1st anti-corrosion film (inner layer 25) and the 2nd anti-corrosion film (outer layer 26), and the 1st anti-corrosion film is the 2nd anti-corrosion film. It is formed at a position closer to the substrate than the film, and the corrosion potential of the first anticorrosion film is higher than the corrosion potential of the substrate and nobler than the corrosion potential of the second anticorrosion film. .
  • the coating 22 (the inner layer 25 and the outer layer 26) is formed on the outer surface of the substrate 21 by, for example, a thermal spraying method.
  • a thermal spraying method a usual method such as flame spraying, high speed flame spraying, detonation spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying or laser spraying can be used.
  • a fuel for flame spraying a mixed gas of propane and oxygen, a mixed gas of acetylene and oxygen, or the like can be used.
  • the wire and powder of an aluminum alloy which have the same component composition as the film 22 (inner layer 25 and outer layer 26) can be used.
  • the adhesion between the base 21 and the inner layer 25 can be improved by performing an appropriate pretreatment on the outer surface of the base 21 before the formation of the inner layer 25 by thermal spraying.
  • the surface roughness of the outer surface of the substrate 21 may be adjusted to an appropriate range by shot blasting, grid blasting, or the like.
  • the surface roughness of the substrate 21 can be, for example, 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m in average roughness Ra, and can be 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m or less in maximum roughness Rmax.
  • the cleaning material used for the blast treatment remains on the outer surface of the substrate 21, the adhesion between the inner layer 25 and the substrate 21 is reduced when the inner layer 25 is formed by thermal spraying. For this reason, after blasting, it is preferable to remove the cleaning material by brushing or the like.
  • the thickness T of the coating 22 (the sum of the thickness T1 of the outer layer 26 and the thickness T2 of the inner layer 25) can be adjusted depending on the conditions at the time of thermal spraying, but is 100 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m. If the thickness T of the coating 22 is too small, it will be difficult to sufficiently suppress the entry of corrosive substances such as chloride ions and oxygen into the substrate 21. Furthermore, since the coating 22 is dissolved early, it becomes difficult to obtain a sufficient anticorrosion effect over a long period of time. On the other hand, if the thickness T of the film 22 is too large, peeling of the film 22 occurs due to temperature change of low temperature and normal temperature, and cracks occur in the film 22 to make it difficult to obtain sufficient anticorrosion effect become.
  • the thickness T of the film 22 is adjusted in the range of 100 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 980 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 950 ⁇ m or less.
  • the thicknesses T1 and T2 of the outer layer 26 and the inner layer 25 are adjusted in the range of 50 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 60 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 70 ⁇ m or more.
  • FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional structure along the radial direction of the lower header pipe 14.
  • FIG. 7 shows the cross-sectional structure of the trough 12.
  • the lower header pipe 14 has a hollow cylindrical base 31 in which a flow path 33 through which LNG flows is formed, and a coating 32 formed on the entire outer surface of the base 31 by a method such as thermal spraying.
  • the trough 12 has a base 41 and a coating 42 formed on the entire surface of the base 41 by a method such as thermal spraying.
  • the base material 41 is comprised by the container in which the opening part 43 was formed.
  • the substrates 31 and 41 are made of an aluminum alloy having excellent thermal conductivity, as with the substrate 21 constituting the heat transfer tube 13.
  • the coatings 32 and 42 have the same characteristics as the coating 22 constituting the heat transfer tube 13 described above. That is, the coatings 32 and 42 are formed on the surfaces of the base members 31 and 41, and the inner layers 34 and 44 made of an aluminum alloy containing 1% by mass to 20% by mass of Zn, and the surfaces of the inner layers 34 and 44 And an outer layer 35, 45 made of an aluminum alloy containing 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of Mg, and has a two-layer structure. Therefore, similar to the heat transfer tube 13, excellent sacrificial corrosion resistance can be exhibited, and the coating 32, 42 can be prevented from peeling off from the surface of the base material 31, 41 by swelling.
  • the aluminum alloy members (heat transfer pipe 13, lower header pipe 14, and trough 12) according to the first embodiment have the coatings 22, 32, 42 on the surfaces of the base members 21, 31, 41 made of aluminum alloy. It is formed. And the said film 22,32,42 contains Mg of 1 mass% or more and 20 mass% or less, Zn of 1 mass% or more and 20 mass% or less outer layer 26, 35, 45 which consists of remainder aluminum and an unavoidable impurity. And an inner layer 25, 34, 44 composed of the balance aluminum and inevitable impurities.
  • the outer layers 26, 35, 45 exhibit excellent sacrificial corrosion resistance even when used in an environment exposed to a corrosive medium such as seawater, subjected to temperature changes of low temperature and normal temperature. Can. Therefore, since corrosion degradation of the base materials 21, 31, 41 is difficult to progress, the life of the member can be extended, and the number of regular repairs can be reduced. Therefore, the safety of the LNG vaporizer 1 can be improved and the maintenance cost can be reduced. Further, by preventing the pitting corrosion of the coatings 22, 32, 42 from reaching the substrates 21, 31, 41 by the inner layers 25, 34, 44 (FIG. 5), the progress of corrosion at the interface 21A is suppressed, , 32, 42 can be prevented. As a result, it is possible to suppress peeling of the coatings 22, 32 and 42 from the surfaces of the substrates 21, 31 and 41.
  • the outer layers 26, 35, 45 may contain 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of Mg and Zn in a smaller amount than Mg, and the balance may be made of aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
  • the Zn content of the outer layer 26 is, for example, 0.01% by mass or more and 1.2% by mass or less.
  • the inner layers 25, 34, 44 may contain 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of Zn and Mg in a smaller amount than Zn, and may be composed of the balance aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
  • the Mg content of the inner layers 25, 34, 44 is, for example, not less than 0.01% by mass and not more than 0.52% by mass.
  • the same Zn as the element contained in the inner layers 25, 34, 44 is contained in the outer layers 26, 35, 45, and the same Mg as the element contained in the outer layers 26, 35, 45 is contained in the inner layers 25, 34, 44 By making it also contained, it is possible to improve the affinity between the inner layers 25, 34, 44 and the outer layers 26, 35, 45. Thereby, the adhesion between the inner layers 25, 34, 44 and the outer layers 26, 35, 45 is improved, and the durability of the aluminum alloy member can be improved.
  • At least one layer of the outer layers 26, 35, 45 and the inner layers 25, 34, 44 is 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of Si, and 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of Fe 0.01 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less Cu, 0.01 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less Mn, 0.01 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less Cr and 0.01 mass It may be made of an aluminum alloy further containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti and 1.0% by mass or less.
  • the outer layers 26, 35, 45 are made of 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of Mg, and 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of the element M (Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, and Ti And at least one element), and the balance may be composed of aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
  • the inner layers 25, 34, 44 contain 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of Zn, and 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of the above-described element M, and the balance is aluminum and unavoidable impurities. It may be The outer layers 26, 35, 45 and the inner layers 25, 34, 44 may contain one type of element in the above group, or may contain a plurality of types of elements.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the aluminum alloy member of the present invention may be applied. That is, in any member among the heat transfer tube 13, the lower header tube 14, and the trough 12, an outer layer made of an Al—Mg alloy (Mg: 1 to 20 mass%) and an Al—Zn alloy (Zn: 1 to A coating having a two-layer structure including an inner layer of 20% by mass) may be formed on the surface of the substrate.
  • the thickness of the coatings 22, 32 and 42 may be less than 100 ⁇ m or may exceed 1000 ⁇ m.
  • the base materials 21, 31 and 41 are made of 3000 series, 5000 series or 6000 series aluminum alloy has been described, but it is made of other types of aluminum alloys such as 2000 series and 7000 series. It is also good.
  • the heat transfer pipe 13 and the lower header pipe 14 are produced by forming the coatings 22 and 32 on the surfaces of the base members 21 and 31 by thermal spraying has been described, but the invention is not limited thereto. It may be a method of forming a tube. Thus, when manufacturing by a clad, the adhesiveness of the base materials 21 and 31 and the films 22 and 32 can be improved more.
  • the LNG vaporizer 2 is an intermediate medium vaporizer (IFV) that performs heat exchange via an intermediate medium 61 having a boiling point and a condensation point between the temperature of seawater as a heating source and the temperature of the LNG.
  • the LNG vaporizer 2 has an intermediate medium evaporation unit 51, a vaporization unit 52, and an NG heating unit 53.
  • the intermediate-medium evaporating unit 51 is a portion on the bottom side in the shell 70, and has a plurality of (three in the present embodiment) heat transfer pipes 71 disposed in the shell space on the bottom side.
  • the intermediate medium evaporation unit 51 exchanges heat between the seawater 72 flowing inside the heat transfer tube 71 and the liquid intermediate medium 61 accumulated at the bottom of the shell 70. By this heat exchange, the liquid intermediate medium 61 evaporates, and an intermediate medium gas 61A is generated. That is, the heat transfer tube 71 is a heat transfer member for performing heat exchange between the seawater 72 and the intermediate medium 61.
  • the vaporization unit 52 is an upper portion in the shell 70, and has an LNG pipe 73 including a flow path through which the LNG flows as shown by the arrows in FIG.
  • the vaporization unit 52 performs heat exchange between the LNG flowing inside the LNG pipe 73 and the intermediate medium gas 61A.
  • the LNG is vaporized to generate an NG.
  • the NG is sent to the NG heating unit 53 through the NG pipe 74.
  • the intermediate medium gas 61A is condensed by heat exchange with the LNG, and is accumulated at the bottom of the shell 70 as a liquid intermediate medium 61.
  • the NG heating unit 53 has a plurality of (three in the present embodiment) heat transfer tubes 81 through which seawater, which is a heating source, flows.
  • An NG is sent to the NG heating unit 53 from the vaporization unit 52 via the NG pipe 74, and the NG exchanges heat with the seawater 72 flowing inside the heat transfer tube 81. Thereafter, the NG heated by the seawater is discharged as a gas at normal temperature. That is, the heat transfer tube 81 is a heat transfer member for exchanging heat between the seawater 72 and the NG.
  • the heat transfer pipes 71, 81 are exposed to seawater 72 whose inner surface is a corrosive medium. For this reason, if the anticorrosive coating is not formed, problems such as pitting occur due to the progress of corrosion.
  • the heat transfer tubes 71 and 81 are made of the aluminum alloy members according to the present embodiment. That is, as in the first embodiment, in the heat transfer tubes 71 and 81, a coating having a two-layer structure including an outer layer containing an appropriate amount of Mg and an inner layer containing an appropriate amount of Zn is formed on the surface of the substrate It has been done. Specifically, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG.
  • the heat transfer tubes 71 and 81 extend along the inner surface of a hollow cylindrical base 91 having a flow path 91A through which seawater flows, and a base 91. And a coating 92 formed in the entire circumferential direction.
  • the film 92 is formed to be in contact with the inner surface of the base 91, and is formed to be in contact with the inner layer 93 made of an Al—Zn alloy (Zn: 1 to 20 mass%) and the inner surface of the inner layer 93.
  • an outer layer 94 made of an Al--Mg based alloy (Mg: 1 to 20% by mass).
  • the film 92 can prevent the corrosion of the base 91 and can prevent the peeling of the film 92. Therefore, the life of the heat transfer tubes 71 and 81 can be further lengthened.
  • the sacrificial anticorrosion coating having the above-described two-layer structure is formed on the members that may be corroded by being exposed to the seawater 72. It may be done.
  • the aluminum alloy member of the present invention can also be used as a heat transfer member in a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vaporizer, and also in plate heat exchangers in plate heat exchangers and plate fins in fin and tube type heat exchangers. It can also be used as a plate-like heat transfer member such as
  • LPG liquefied petroleum gas
  • such a plate-shaped aluminum alloy member can be produced by clad rolling. Specifically, first, an aluminum alloy base material and a coating material are respectively melted and cast, and if necessary, subjected to homogenization heat treatment to obtain respective ingots. Next, the ingots are integrated and rolled (hot rolling, cold rolling) or cut to obtain a plate of a desired size. Thereafter, these plate materials are stacked and pressure-bonded by hot rolling to form an integrated plate material, and cold rolling is performed until a predetermined final plate thickness is obtained.
  • Aluminum alloy members can be manufactured. At this time, the thickness of the film can be controlled by adjusting the thickness of the plate material corresponding to the film and the rolling reduction in the hot rolling.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 are test materials 100 and 101 shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 .
  • FIG. 10 is a test material for evaluation of the anti-swelling property of a film, which assumes a sound portion of an aluminum alloy member, and was used to evaluate initial deterioration in practical use.
  • FIG. 11 is a test material for sacrificial-corrosion evaluation, Comprising: Deterioration of the aluminum alloy member progresses to a certain extent, and the state which the base material exposed is assumed.
  • the component compositions (% by mass) of the respective elements in the inner layer and the outer layer, the thicknesses ( ⁇ m) of the inner layer and the outer layer, and the types of aluminum alloys used for the substrate are as shown in Table 1 below.
  • the component composition of the inner layer and the outer layer was adjusted by the composition of the thermal spray material used.
  • the base-material exposed part 100A which is a circular hole of the size of 20 mm diameter was formed by cutting. Also, in all the test materials 100 and 101, the surfaces other than the 50 mm (L1) ⁇ 50 mm (L2) size on which the film is formed are sealed with a Teflon (registered trademark) tape, and then the next heat cycle corrosion is performed. Tested.
  • Thermal cycle corrosion test The following heat cycle corrosion test was conducted as a test to evaluate the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy members against temperature change due to low temperature and normal temperature and corrosion action of seawater.
  • the artificial seawater adjusted to a liquid temperature of 35 ° C is sprayed on the surface of the test material 100, 101 on which the thermal spray coating is formed, and only the base portion of the test material 100, 101 is immersed in liquid nitrogen.
  • the cooling process was carried out once a day for a total of 6 months.
  • As artificial sea water what added copper chloride (II) so that a Cu ⁇ 2+ > ion concentration might be 1 ppm to aquamarine for metal corrosion tests by Yashima Co., Ltd. was used.
  • a photograph of the appearance of the test material 100 for evaluation of blister resistance was taken, and the area of the swollen portion of the film was measured by image analysis.
  • the corrosion product was removed by making 30% nitric acid of room temperature immerse. Thereafter, the substrate exposed portion 100A was observed with a laser microscope, and the depth of local corrosion was measured by the focal depth method to determine the deepest depth of local corrosion. Moreover, the amount of corrosion consumption of the test material 101 for sacrificial corrosion resistance evaluation was measured by the weight change before and behind a corrosion test. The weight after the corrosion test was the weight after removal of the corrosion product.
  • the evaluation criteria of each measurement item are as follows.
  • the ratio of corrosion consumption to 1 is less than 50% ⁇ : No.
  • the ratio of corrosion consumption amount to 1 is 50% or more and less than 75% ⁇ : No. Ratio of corrosion consumption to 1 is 75% or more and less than 100%.
  • X No. The ratio of corrosion consumption to 1 is 100% or more
  • the above No. 1 to 22 are cases where a base material made of a 7000 series aluminum alloy (A7072) is used. No. 1 using an aluminum alloy base material of any of 3000 series (A3003), 5000 series (A5083) and 6000 series (A6063). In 23 to 34, the above-mentioned No. As compared with 1 to 22, all of the effect of suppressing the swelling area, the effect of suppressing the corrosion depth, and the effect of reducing the amount of corrosion consumed became greater.

Abstract

A heat transfer pipe (13) (a member formed from an aluminum alloy) comprises a base (21) that is formed from an aluminum alloy and a coating film (22) that is formed on the surface of the base (21). The coating film (22) comprises: an outer layer (26) which is formed from an aluminum alloy that contains from 1% by mass to 20% by mass (inclusive) of magnesium; and an inner layer (25) which is formed between the base (21) and the outer layer (26) and is formed from an aluminum alloy that contains from 1% by mass to 20% by mass (inclusive) of zinc. An LNG vaporizer according to the present invention is provided with this heat transfer pipe (13), a lower header pipe (14) (a member formed from an aluminum alloy) and a trough (12) (a member formed from an aluminum alloy).

Description

アルミニウム合金製部材及びLNG気化器Aluminum alloy members and LNG vaporizer
 本発明は、アルミニウム合金製部材及びLNG気化器に関する。本発明は、より特定的には、海水環境などの腐食性環境下における防食性に優れ、液化天然ガスや液化石油ガスの気化器用部材など、各種気化器や熱交換器に用いられるアルミニウム合金製部材及びこれを備えたLNG気化器に関する。 The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy member and an LNG vaporizer. More specifically, the present invention is excellent in corrosion resistance in a corrosive environment such as a seawater environment, and is made of an aluminum alloy used for various vaporizers and heat exchangers such as members for vaporizers of liquefied natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas The present invention relates to a member and an LNG vaporizer including the same.
 従来、液化天然ガス(以下、「LNG」とも称する)気化器や各種熱交換器に使用される伝熱管やヘッダー管などの伝熱部材として、良好な熱伝導性を有するアルミニウム合金製部材が多く用いられている。このようなアルミニウム合金製部材は、大気や水に対して長期間曝されることにより局所的に腐食(孔食)が進行し、その結果部材の貫通に至る場合がある。 Conventionally, many aluminum alloy members having good thermal conductivity are used as heat transfer members such as heat transfer pipes and header pipes used for liquefied natural gas (hereinafter, also referred to as "LNG") vaporizers and various heat exchangers. It is used. Such aluminum alloy members may locally undergo corrosion (pitting corrosion) by being exposed to the air or water for a long time, and as a result, they may lead to penetration of the members.
 このため、アルミニウム合金製部材に対して何らかの防食対策を講じる必要があるが、その一つとして、陰極防食法が多く用いられている。この方法は、アルミニウム合金からなる基材に対して、当該基材よりも腐食電位が卑であるAl-Zn合金などの犠牲防食被膜やフィン材を当該基材に接触させることにより、基材の防食効果を得るものである。また熱交換器における伝熱管の内面などの密閉系では、循環水に腐食抑制剤(インヒビター)を添加する方法も併用されている。 For this reason, although it is necessary to take some anticorrosion measures with respect to aluminum alloy members, as one of them, the cathodic protection method is often used. In this method, a substrate made of an aluminum alloy is brought into contact with a substrate by applying a sacrificial coating such as an Al-Zn alloy or a fin material such as Al-Zn alloy, which has a lower corrosion potential than the substrate. It is the one that obtains the corrosion protection effect. Further, in a closed system such as the inner surface of a heat transfer tube in a heat exchanger, a method of adding a corrosion inhibitor (inhibitor) to circulating water is also used in combination.
 近年、LNGは、クリーンエネルギーとして注目されており、通常、-162℃以下の極低温において液化した状態で貯蔵、輸送される。そして、オープンラック式気化器(ORV)において、海水を熱源として用いた熱交換により、LNGが使用前に気化される。一般に、ORVは、アルミニウム合金製の伝熱管がパネル状に配置され、LNGが当該伝熱管の内部を下側から上側に向かって流れると共に、海水が当該パネルの外面を上側から下側に向かって流下する構造となっている。このため、ORVの伝熱管は、その外面が海水に曝されることから、腐食の進行が問題となる。 In recent years, LNG has attracted attention as clean energy, and is usually stored and transported in a liquefied state at a cryogenic temperature of -162 ° C or less. Then, in the open rack type vaporizer (ORV), LNG is vaporized before use by heat exchange using seawater as a heat source. Generally, in the ORV, a heat transfer tube made of aluminum alloy is arranged in a panel shape, and LNG flows from the lower side to the upper side inside the heat transfer tube, and seawater flows from the upper side to the lower side of the outer surface of the panel It has a structure that flows down. For this reason, since the heat exchanger tube of ORV exposes the outer surface to seawater, the progress of corrosion becomes a problem.
 特に、海水中に極微量に含まれる銅イオンは、アルミニウム合金の表面に析出してカソードとして作用するため、アルミニウム合金の腐食を著しく促進させる。よって、銅イオンの含有量が多い海域では、伝熱管の腐食寿命が極端に短くなることから、効果的な腐食低減策が一層要求される。またORVの伝熱管のように、管の外面側に対する防食対策が必要な場合では、腐食抑制剤の使用も困難であることから、材料面からの防食対策が求められる。これに対して、下記特許文献1には、伝熱管の母材よりもMg含有量が多いアルミニウム合金からなる被膜を、犠牲防食被膜として母材の表面に形成することが提案されている。 In particular, copper ions contained in trace amounts in seawater precipitate on the surface of the aluminum alloy and act as a cathode, thereby significantly promoting the corrosion of the aluminum alloy. Therefore, in the sea area with a high content of copper ions, the corrosion life of the heat transfer tube becomes extremely short, so that effective measures for corrosion reduction are further required. In addition, in the case where it is necessary to take anticorrosion measures on the outer surface side of the pipe as in the heat transfer pipe of ORV, since the use of a corrosion inhibitor is also difficult, the anticorrosion measures from the material surface are required. On the other hand, Patent Document 1 below proposes that a film made of an aluminum alloy having a Mg content higher than that of the base material of the heat transfer tube be formed on the surface of the base material as a sacrificial anticorrosive film.
 またORVの伝熱管では、犠牲防食被膜において不可避的に存在する気孔に海水が進入し、これによって犠牲防食被膜と基材との界面において優先的に腐食が進行する。この腐食に伴って生成する腐食生成物や気孔中に進入した海水の凍結に起因した体積膨張により、犠牲防食被膜の膨れや剥離が発生する。その結果、伝熱管の寿命が短くなるという問題がある。これに対して、下記特許文献2では、Al-Zn合金又はAl-Mg合金からなる犠牲防食被膜と基材との界面における粗さを調整することにより、犠牲防食被膜の膨れや剥離を防ぐことが提案されている。 In addition, in the heat transfer tube of ORV, seawater intrudes into pores inevitably present in the sacrificial anticorrosive coating, and thereby corrosion progresses preferentially at the interface between the sacrificial anticorrosive coating and the substrate. The swelling and peeling of the sacrificial anticorrosive coating occur due to the volume expansion caused by the corrosion products generated along with the corrosion and the seawater entering into the pores. As a result, there is a problem that the life of the heat transfer tube is shortened. On the other hand, in Patent Document 2 below, the swelling and peeling of the sacrificial anticorrosive coating are prevented by adjusting the roughness at the interface between the sacrificial anticorrosive coating made of Al-Zn alloy or Al-Mg alloy and the substrate. Has been proposed.
 下記特許文献1及び2に提案されるように、Al-Zn合金やAl-Mg合金からなる犠牲防食被膜を形成することにより、海水のような腐食性媒体に曝されるORVの伝熱管の耐久性をある程度向上させることができる。しかしながら、これらの従来の対策による防食効果は十分ではなく、エネルギー安定供給の観点からLNG気化器や各種熱交換器の安全性を向上させるため、さらなる腐食低減及び寿命延長が要求される。 As proposed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 below, the durability of the heat transfer tube of the ORV exposed to a corrosive medium such as seawater by forming a sacrificial anticorrosive coating made of an Al-Zn alloy or an Al-Mg alloy. The quality can be improved to some extent. However, the anticorrosion effect by these conventional measures is not sufficient, and in order to improve the safety of the LNG vaporizer and various heat exchangers from the viewpoint of stable energy supply, further reduction of corrosion and life extension are required.
 具体的には、下記特許文献1のようにMgを含有するアルミニウム合金からなる被膜を伝熱管の基材の表面に形成した場合には、Mgの腐食電位がAlよりも卑であることから犠牲防食効果は得られるものの、被膜の孔食が進行することにより伝熱管の基材表面に容易に到達してしまう。このため、孔を通じて被膜と基材の界面に海水が容易に進入し、界面において腐食が進行する。従って、腐食生成物によって被膜の膨れが生じることにより被膜が剥離し易くなるという問題がある。また下記特許文献2のように犠牲防食被膜と基材との界面粗さを調整することにより被膜の膨れや剥離をある程度抑制することができるが、その効果は十分ではなかった。 Specifically, when a coating made of an aluminum alloy containing Mg is formed on the surface of a base of a heat transfer tube as in Patent Document 1 below, the corrosion potential of Mg is higher than that of Al, which is a sacrifice. Although the anticorrosion effect is obtained, the progress of pitting of the coating easily reaches the surface of the base of the heat transfer tube. Therefore, seawater easily enters the interface between the coating and the substrate through the holes, and corrosion progresses at the interface. Therefore, there is a problem that the coating is easily exfoliated by the swelling of the coating caused by the corrosion product. Further, although it is possible to suppress the swelling and peeling of the film to some extent by adjusting the interface roughness between the sacrificial anticorrosive film and the substrate as in Patent Document 2 below, the effect is not sufficient.
特開2007-78237号公報JP, 2007-78237, A 特開2014-157009号公報JP, 2014-157009, A
 本発明の目的は、犠牲防食性に優れると共に基材の表面に形成された被膜の膨れをより効果的に抑制することが可能なアルミニウム合金製部材及びこれを備えたLNG気化器を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy member excellent in sacrificial corrosion resistance and capable of more effectively suppressing the swelling of a film formed on the surface of a substrate, and an LNG vaporizer provided with the same. It is.
 本発明の一局面に係るアルミニウム合金製部材は、アルミニウム合金からなる基材と、前記基材の表面に形成された被膜と、を備える。前記被膜は、1質量%以上20質量%以下のマグネシウムを含有するアルミニウム合金からなる外層と、前記基材と前記外層との間に形成され、1質量%以上20質量%以下の亜鉛を含有するアルミニウム合金からなる内層と、を含む。 An aluminum alloy member according to an aspect of the present invention includes a base made of an aluminum alloy, and a film formed on the surface of the base. The film is formed between an outer layer made of an aluminum alloy containing magnesium in an amount of 1% by mass to 20% by mass, and the base and the outer layer, and contains 1% by mass to 20% by mass of zinc And an inner layer made of an aluminum alloy.
 本発明の他局面に従ったLNG気化器は、上記アルミニウム合金製部材を備えるものである。 An LNG vaporizer according to another aspect of the present invention includes the above-described aluminum alloy member.
本発明の実施形態1におけるオープンラック式気化器(ORV)の側方から見た構成を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure seen from the side of the open rack type vaporizer (ORV) in Embodiment 1 of this invention. ORVの断面構造を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the cross-section of ORV. ORVを構成する伝熱管の断面構造を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the cross-section of the heat exchanger tube which comprises ORV. 比較例における海水による犠牲防食被膜の局部腐食の進行を説明するための模式図である。It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating progress of local corrosion of the sacrificial-corrosion coating by seawater in a comparative example. 本実施形態における海水による犠牲防食被膜の局部腐食の進行を説明するための模式図である。It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating progress of local corrosion of the sacrificial-corrosion coating by the seawater in this embodiment. ORVを構成する下部ヘッダー管の断面構造を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the cross-section of the lower header pipe which comprises ORV. ORVを構成するトラフの断面構造を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the cross-section of the trough which comprises ORV. 本発明の実施形態2における中間媒体式LNG気化器(IFV)の構成を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the intermediate-medium type LNG vaporizer (IFV) in Embodiment 2 of this invention. IFVを構成する伝熱管の断面構造を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the cross-section of the heat exchanger tube which comprises IFV. 被膜の耐膨れ性を評価するための供試材を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the test material for evaluating the swelling resistance of a film. 被膜の犠牲防食性を評価するための供試材を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the test material for evaluating the sacrificial corrosion resistance of a film.
 (本発明の実施形態の概要)
 まず、本発明の実施形態に係るアルミニウム合金製部材及びLNG気化器の概要について説明する。
(Summary of the embodiment of the present invention)
First, an outline of an aluminum alloy member and an LNG vaporizer according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
 本実施形態に係るアルミニウム合金製部材は、アルミニウム合金からなる基材と、前記基材の表面に形成された被膜と、を備える。前記被膜は、1質量%以上20質量%以下のマグネシウムを含有するアルミニウム合金からなる外層と、前記基材と前記外層との間に形成され、1質量%以上20質量%以下の亜鉛を含有するアルミニウム合金からなる内層と、を含む。 The aluminum alloy member according to the present embodiment includes a base made of an aluminum alloy, and a film formed on the surface of the base. The film is formed between an outer layer made of an aluminum alloy containing magnesium in an amount of 1% by mass to 20% by mass, and the base and the outer layer, and contains 1% by mass to 20% by mass of zinc And an inner layer made of an aluminum alloy.
 本発明者らは、銅イオンを含有する海水など、腐食性溶液に曝されるアルミニウム合金製部材の耐久性の向上について、鋭意検討を行った。具体的には、犠牲防食被膜の初期劣化である被膜の膨れを防ぎ、さらに被膜の劣化が進んで基材が露出した後においても基材の防食性を確保するための方策について鋭意検討を行った。その結果、本発明者らは、成分組成が適切な範囲に調整されたAl-Mg合金からなる外層と、Al-Zn合金からなる内層と、を基材の表面に被膜として形成することにより、初期劣化である被膜の膨れが抑制されると共に、基材の露出後における基材の防食性が向上することを見出し、本発明に想到した。 The present inventors diligently studied the improvement of the durability of an aluminum alloy member exposed to a corrosive solution, such as seawater containing copper ions. Specifically, we carefully study measures to prevent the swelling of the film, which is the initial deterioration of the sacrificial anticorrosive film, and to ensure the corrosion resistance of the substrate even after the deterioration of the film progresses and the substrate is exposed. The As a result, the present inventors form the outer layer which consists of an Al-Mg alloy which adjusted the component composition in the suitable range, and the inner layer which consists of an Al-Zn alloy as a film on the surface of a substrate, While finding that the swelling of the film which is the initial deterioration is suppressed, and the corrosion resistance of the substrate after the exposure of the substrate is improved, the present invention was conceived.
 上記アルミニウム合金製部材では、1質量%以上20質量%以下のマグネシウムを含有するアルミニウム合金からなる外層が形成されている。マグネシウムは、アルミニウムよりも腐食電位が卑な元素であるため、海水に曝される外層に対してこれを含有させることにより、被膜の犠牲防食性を向上させることができる。つまり、腐食が進行して基材の表面が露出した後においても、外層が基材よりも優先的に腐食することにより、基材の防食性を確保することができる。 In the aluminum alloy member, an outer layer made of an aluminum alloy containing 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of magnesium is formed. Since magnesium is an element whose corrosion potential is lower than that of aluminum, its inclusion in an outer layer exposed to seawater can improve the sacrificial corrosion resistance of the film. That is, even after the corrosion progresses and the surface of the substrate is exposed, the corrosion resistance of the substrate can be secured by corroding the outer layer preferentially over the substrate.
 このような効果を得るため、外層のマグネシウム含有量は、1質量%以上に調整されている。しかしながら、外層のマグネシウム含有量が過剰になると、被膜の消耗速度が増大し、所望の寿命を得ることが困難になる。このため、外層のマグネシウム含有量は、20質量%以下に調整されている。外層のマグネシウム含有量は、1.2質量%以上であることが好ましく、1.5質量%以上であることがより好ましい。また外層のマグネシウム含有量は、19質量%以下であることが好ましく、18質量%以下であることがより好ましい。 In order to obtain such an effect, the magnesium content of the outer layer is adjusted to 1% by mass or more. However, if the magnesium content of the outer layer is excessive, the rate of consumption of the coating increases and it becomes difficult to obtain the desired life. For this reason, the magnesium content of the outer layer is adjusted to 20% by mass or less. The magnesium content of the outer layer is preferably 1.2% by mass or more, and more preferably 1.5% by mass or more. The magnesium content of the outer layer is preferably 19% by mass or less, more preferably 18% by mass or less.
 このように、マグネシウム含有量が適量に調整された外層を形成することにより、被膜の犠牲防食性を向上させることができるが、当該外層による単層被膜を形成した場合には以下のような問題がある。即ち、外層のみからなる単層被膜を基材の表面に形成した場合には、被膜において孔食などの局部腐食が生じると、孔の底部におけるpHの低下や塩化物の濃縮により深さ方向の腐食速度が大きくなる。その結果、局部腐食が基材まで容易に到達する。この場合、被膜の孔から進入した海水が基材と被膜との界面に到達し、当該界面において腐食が進行する。これにより、界面部で生じた腐食生成物に起因して被膜の体積膨張が起こり、被膜の膨れが生じるという問題がある。 Thus, although the sacrificial corrosion resistance of a film can be improved by forming the outer layer which adjusted magnesium content to a suitable quantity, when the single layer film by the said outer layer is formed, the following problems are mentioned. There is. That is, when a single layer coating consisting only of the outer layer is formed on the surface of the substrate, if local corrosion such as pitting occurs in the coating, the pH in the bottom of the hole decreases and the chloride is concentrated Corrosion rate increases. As a result, localized corrosion easily reaches the substrate. In this case, seawater entering from the pores of the coating reaches the interface between the substrate and the coating, and corrosion progresses at the interface. As a result, there is a problem that volumetric expansion of the film occurs due to the corrosion product generated at the interface, and the film swells.
 これに対して、本発明者らは、基材と外層との間において、腐食電位がマグネシウムとアルミニウムの中間にある亜鉛を適量だけ含有する内層を形成することにより、上述のような局部腐食の進行を抑制することができるとの知見を得た。亜鉛は、基材のアルミニウムよりも腐食電位が卑であるが、外層のマグネシウムよりも腐食電位が貴であるため、Al-Mg合金からなる外層の局部腐食の進行を抑制する作用を有する。このため、内層を形成することにより海水が基材と被膜の界面に到達するのを防ぐことができ、その結果界面における腐食の進行に起因した被膜の膨れを抑制することができる。また内層は基材よりも腐食電位が卑であることから、基材の露出後においては外層と同様に犠牲防食被膜として作用させることができる。 On the other hand, the inventors of the present invention described the above local corrosion as described above by forming an inner layer containing a suitable amount of zinc whose corrosion potential is intermediate between magnesium and aluminum between the substrate and the outer layer. We found that we could suppress the progression. Zinc has a lower corrosion potential than aluminum of the base material, but has a higher corrosion potential than magnesium of the outer layer, and therefore has an action of suppressing the progress of local corrosion of the outer layer made of an Al-Mg alloy. Therefore, by forming the inner layer, it is possible to prevent seawater from reaching the interface between the substrate and the film, and as a result, it is possible to suppress the swelling of the film due to the progress of corrosion at the interface. In addition, since the inner layer has a lower corrosion potential than the base material, it can be made to act as a sacrificial anticorrosive coating like the outer layer after the base material is exposed.
 このような効果を得るため、内層の亜鉛含有量は、1質量%以上に調整されている。しかしながら、内層の亜鉛含有量が過剰になると、被膜の消耗速度が増大し、所望の寿命を得ることが困難になる。このため、内層の亜鉛含有量は、20質量%以下に調整されている。内層の亜鉛含有量は、1.2質量%以上であることが好ましく、1.5質量%以上であることがより好ましい。また内層の亜鉛含有量は、19質量%以下であることが好ましく、18質量%以下であることがより好ましい。 In order to obtain such an effect, the zinc content of the inner layer is adjusted to 1% by mass or more. However, if the zinc content of the inner layer is excessive, the rate of consumption of the coating increases and it becomes difficult to obtain the desired life. For this reason, the zinc content of the inner layer is adjusted to 20% by mass or less. The zinc content of the inner layer is preferably 1.2% by mass or more, and more preferably 1.5% by mass or more. The zinc content of the inner layer is preferably 19% by mass or less, more preferably 18% by mass or less.
 上記アルミニウム合金製部材において、前記外層は、マグネシウムよりも少量の亜鉛をさらに含有していてもよい。前記内層は、亜鉛よりも少量のマグネシウムをさらに含有していてもよい。 In the aluminum alloy member, the outer layer may further contain a smaller amount of zinc than magnesium. The inner layer may further contain a smaller amount of magnesium than zinc.
 このように、内層に含まれる元素と同じ亜鉛を外層にも含有させ、且つ外層に含まれる元素と同じマグネシウムを内層にも含有させることにより、内層と外層との親和性が向上する。その結果、層間の密着性を向上させることができる。 Thus, by making the outer layer contain the same zinc as the element contained in the inner layer and also containing the same magnesium as the element contained in the outer layer, the affinity between the inner layer and the outer layer is improved. As a result, the adhesion between the layers can be improved.
 上記アルミニウム合金製部材において、前記外層におけるマグネシウム含有量が前記内層におけるマグネシウム含有量よりも多くてもよい。 In the aluminum alloy member, the magnesium content in the outer layer may be larger than the magnesium content in the inner layer.
 上述の通り、マグネシウムは、被膜の腐食電位を卑化させて犠牲防食性を向上させる元素であることから、海水に曝される外層において内層よりも多く含まれることが好ましい。 As described above, it is preferable that magnesium is contained more in the outer layer exposed to seawater than in the inner layer, since magnesium is an element that enhances the corrosion potential of the film to improve the sacrificial corrosion resistance.
 上記アルミニウム合金製部材において、前記外層及び前記内層のうち少なくともいずれか一方の層は、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下の珪素、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下の鉄、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下の銅、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下のマンガン、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下のクロム及び0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下のチタンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の元素をさらに含有していてもよい。 In the aluminum alloy member, at least one of the outer layer and the inner layer is 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of silicon, and 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less Iron, 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of copper, 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of manganese, 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of chromium and 0.01 It may further contain at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium by weight or more and 1.0% by weight or less.
 珪素、鉄、銅、マンガン、クロム及びチタンは、アルミニウムのアノード反応速度を低下させることにより、被膜の消耗速度を低減させる効果を有する。しかしながら、被膜中においてこれらの元素の含有量が過剰になると、腐食電位が貴化し、犠牲防食性が低下する場合がある。このため、外層又は内層におけるこれらの元素の含有量は、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下であることが好ましい。 Silicon, iron, copper, manganese, chromium and titanium have the effect of reducing the film consumption rate by reducing the anodic reaction rate of aluminum. However, if the content of these elements in the film is excessive, the corrosion potential may become noble and the sacrificial corrosion resistance may decrease. For this reason, it is preferable that content of these elements in an outer layer or an inner layer is 0.01 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less.
 上記アルミニウム合金製部材において、前記基材は、3000系、5000系及び6000系のうち何れかのアルミニウム合金からなっていてもよい。ここで、「3000系、5000系及び6000系」は、国際アルミニウム合金名である。 In the aluminum alloy member, the base material may be made of any one of 3000 series, 5000 series and 6000 series aluminum alloys. Here, "3000 series, 5000 series and 6000 series" are international aluminum alloy names.
 上記アルミニウム合金製部材では、基材として、熱伝導性が良好であり、低温下でも脆性破壊がなく靱性が良好なアルミニウム合金からなるものが用いられる。また、アルミニウム合金の中でも、強度の観点から、2000系、3000系、5000系、6000系又は7000系のものを好適に用いることができるが、特に、3000系、5000系又は6000系のものを用いることが好ましい。これらの種類のアルミニウム合金を用いることにより、良好な強度及び防食性を得ることができる。具体的には、A3003、A3203、A5052、A5154、A5083、A6061、A6063又はA6N01などを用いることができる。また必要に応じて、焼き入れ、焼き戻し、人工時効などの熱処理を施したものが用いられてもよい。 In the above-mentioned aluminum alloy member, as the base material, one made of an aluminum alloy having good thermal conductivity and no brittle fracture even at low temperatures is used. Among the aluminum alloys, those of the 2000 series, 3000 series, 5000 series, 6000 series or 7000 series can be suitably used from the viewpoint of strength, and particularly those of the 3000 series, 5000 series or 6000 series It is preferred to use. By using these types of aluminum alloys, good strength and corrosion resistance can be obtained. Specifically, A3003, A3203, A5052, A5154, A5083, A6061, A6063 or A6N01 can be used. Moreover, what heat-treated, such as hardening, tempering, and artificial aging, may be used as needed.
 上記アルミニウム合金製部材は、0℃以下の低温環境で使用されるものであってもよい。上記アルミニウム合金製部材は、犠牲防食性に優れた被膜が基材の表面に形成されたものであるため、0℃以下の低温環境で使用される場合でも高寿命で継続的に使用することができる。 The aluminum alloy member may be used in a low temperature environment of 0 ° C. or less. The above aluminum alloy member has a coating excellent in sacrificial corrosion resistance formed on the surface of a substrate, so that it can be used continuously with long life even when used in a low temperature environment of 0 ° C. or less it can.
 上記アルミニウム合金製部材は、LNG気化器の伝熱管又はヘッダー管として構成されていてもよい。 The aluminum alloy member may be configured as a heat transfer pipe or a header pipe of an LNG vaporizer.
 上記アルミニウム合金製部材は、犠牲防食性に優れた被膜が基材の表面に形成されたものである。このため、LNG気化器の伝熱管やヘッダー管のように、腐食性媒体である海水に曝され、且つ、低温と常温との温度変化を受ける環境下において使用される場合でも、高い防食性を得ることができる。 The aluminum alloy member is a member having a coating excellent in sacrificial corrosion resistance formed on the surface of a substrate. For this reason, high corrosion resistance is achieved even when used under an environment where it is exposed to seawater, which is a corrosive medium, and is subjected to temperature change between low temperature and normal temperature, such as a heat transfer pipe or header pipe of an LNG vaporizer. You can get it.
 本実施形態に係るLNG気化器は、上記アルミニウム合金製部材を備えるものである。上述の通り、上記アルミニウム合金製部材は、犠牲防食性に優れると共に被膜の膨れを抑制することができるものである。従って、上記アルミニウム合金製部材を備えることにより、LNG気化器の寿命をより長くすることができる。 The LNG vaporizer which concerns on this embodiment is provided with the said aluminum-alloy-made members. As described above, the aluminum alloy member is excellent in sacrificial corrosion resistance and can suppress the swelling of the film. Therefore, the life of the LNG vaporizer can be further extended by providing the above-mentioned aluminum alloy member.
 (本発明の実施形態の詳細)
 以下、図面に基づいて、本発明の実施形態に係るアルミニウム合金製部材及びLNG気化器について詳細に説明する。なお、以下の説明においては、各元素を元素名又は化学記号のいずれかにより表記する。
(Details of the embodiment of the present invention)
Hereinafter, an aluminum alloy member and an LNG vaporizer according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings. In the following description, each element is represented by either an element name or a chemical symbol.
 <実施形態1>
 [LNG気化器]
 まず、本発明の実施形態1に係るLNG気化器1の構成について、図1及び図2を参照して説明する。図1は、LNG気化器1の側方から見た構成を模式的に示している。図2は、図1中の線分II-IIに沿ったLNG気化器1の断面構造を模式的に示している。
First Embodiment
[LNG vaporizer]
First, the configuration of the LNG vaporizer 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 1 schematically shows the configuration as viewed from the side of the LNG vaporizer 1. FIG. 2 schematically shows the cross-sectional structure of the LNG vaporizer 1 along the line segment II-II in FIG.
 LNG気化器1は、オープンラック式気化器(ORV)である。このLNG気化器1は、海水を熱源(流体)として使用し、伝熱管13の内部を流れる極低温(-162℃以下)の液化ガスであるLNGと伝熱管13の外部を流れる常温の海水との間で熱交換させることにより、LNGをガス化させるものである。LNG気化器1は、LNGと海水との熱交換を行う複数の伝熱管パネル11と、伝熱管パネル11に海水を供給するトラフ12と、を備える。海水は、極微量の銅イオンを含有していてもよい。 The LNG vaporizer 1 is an open rack type vaporizer (ORV). The LNG vaporizer 1 uses seawater as a heat source (fluid), and is liquefied liquefied gas of cryogenic temperature (-162 ° C. or less) flowing inside the heat transfer tube 13 and seawater at normal temperature flowing outside the heat transfer tube 13 The LNG is gasified by heat exchange between The LNG vaporizer 1 includes a plurality of heat transfer pipe panels 11 which exchange heat between LNG and seawater, and a trough 12 which supplies the heat transfer pipe panels 11 with seawater. Sea water may contain a trace amount of copper ions.
 図2に示すように、伝熱管パネル11は、上下方向に起立した姿勢で横方向に互いに間隔を空けて配置されている。図1に示すように、伝熱管パネル11は、互いに間隔を空けて並べられた複数本の伝熱管13と、各伝熱管13の下端に接続された下部ヘッダー管14と、各伝熱管13の上端に接続された上部ヘッダー管15と、を備える。下部ヘッダー管14には、これに連通する入口マニホールド16が接続されている。上部ヘッダー管15には、これに連通する出口マニホールド17が接続されている。 As shown in FIG. 2, the heat transfer tube panels 11 are arranged at an interval in the lateral direction in a posture in which the heat transfer tube panels 11 are vertically erected. As shown in FIG. 1, the heat transfer pipe panel 11 includes a plurality of heat transfer pipes 13 spaced apart from one another, lower header pipes 14 connected to the lower ends of the heat transfer pipes 13, and heat transfer pipes 13. And an upper header pipe 15 connected to the upper end. The lower header pipe 14 is connected to an inlet manifold 16 communicating therewith. An outlet manifold 17 communicating with the upper header pipe 15 is connected to the upper header pipe 15.
 伝熱管13及び下部ヘッダー管14は、伝熱部材であり、極低温のLNGが流れるため、0℃以下の低温環境で使用される。伝熱管13及び下部ヘッダー管14は、それぞれ本実施形態に係るアルミニウム合金製部材により構成されており、詳細については後述する。 The heat transfer pipe 13 and the lower header pipe 14 are heat transfer members, and are used in a low temperature environment of 0 ° C. or less because cryogenic LNG flows. The heat transfer pipe 13 and the lower header pipe 14 are respectively made of the aluminum alloy members according to the present embodiment, and the details will be described later.
 トラフ12は、本実施形態に係るアルミニウム合金製部材により構成されており、上方が開口し、海水が溜まる容器からなる。図2に示すように、トラフ12は、隣り合う伝熱管パネル11の間において当該伝熱管パネル11の上側(上部ヘッダー管15よりも下側)に配置されている。トラフ12は、不図示の海水ヘッダー管から供給された海水を溜める。そして、図2中矢印に示すように、トラフ12から溢れた海水は、各伝熱管パネル11において伝熱管13の外面に沿って流れ落ちる。なお、トラフ12の詳細についても後述する。 The trough 12 is comprised by the aluminum alloy member which concerns on this embodiment, upper direction opens, and consists of a container in which seawater accumulates. As shown in FIG. 2, the troughs 12 are disposed on the upper side (lower side than the upper header pipe 15) of the heat transfer pipe panel 11 between the adjacent heat transfer pipe panels 11. The trough 12 stores the seawater supplied from the seawater header pipe (not shown). Then, as shown by the arrows in FIG. 2, the seawater overflowing from the trough 12 flows down along the outer surface of the heat transfer tube 13 in each heat transfer tube panel 11. The details of the trough 12 will also be described later.
 上記LNG気化器1によるLNGのガス化プロセスについて説明する。まず、LNGが入口マニホールド16、下部ヘッダー管14の順に流入し、その後、各伝熱管13に分流される。そして、図2に示すように、各伝熱管13内部の流路7においてLNGが下側から上側に向かって流れ、一方でトラフ12から伝熱管パネル11に供給された海水が伝熱管13の外面に沿って流れ落ちる。この過程において、LNGは、伝熱管13を介して海水と熱交換する(海水から吸熱する)ことにより気化し、NGとなる。そして、NGは上部ヘッダー管15に集合し、出口マニホールド17を通過して例えば常温のガスとして排出される。 A gasification process of LNG by the LNG vaporizer 1 will be described. First, LNG flows in the order of the inlet manifold 16 and the lower header pipe 14, and then is diverted to each heat transfer pipe 13. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the LNG flows from the lower side to the upper side in the flow path 7 inside each heat transfer pipe 13, while the seawater supplied from the trough 12 to the heat transfer pipe panel 11 is the outer surface of the heat transfer pipe 13. Flow down along. In this process, LNG is vaporized by heat exchange with seawater (heat absorption from seawater) through the heat transfer tube 13 and becomes NG. Then, the NG gathers in the upper header pipe 15, passes through the outlet manifold 17, and is discharged as, for example, a gas at normal temperature.
 上記LNG気化器1において、アルミニウム合金製部材により構成される伝熱管13、下部ヘッダー管14及びトラフ12等の海水が流れる部材又は海水を溜める部材は、上記のようなLNGのガス化プロセスにおいて、腐食性媒体である海水に曝される。具体的には、伝熱管13及び下部ヘッダー管14の外面やトラフ12の内面が海水に曝される。このため、防食被膜が形成されていなければ、上記LNG気化器1の運転中に長時間に亘って海水に曝されることにより、アルミニウムの腐食が進行し、孔食などの局部腐食が進行する。特に、海水が銅イオンを含む場合には腐食の進行が顕著であり、また伝熱管13及び下部ヘッダー管14は、低温と常温の温度変化を受けることから、腐食がより進行し易くなる。これに対して、本実施形態に係るアルミニウム合金製部材により構成された伝熱管13、下部ヘッダー管14及びトラフ12は、各基材(母材)の表面に防食性に優れた犠牲防食被膜が形成されたものとなっており、これにより腐食の進行を効果的に防ぐことができる。以下、伝熱管13、下部ヘッダー管14及びトラフ12について各々詳細に説明する。 In the above-mentioned LNG vaporizer 1, a member through which seawater flows, such as the heat transfer tube 13 constituted by an aluminum alloy member, the lower header tube 14 and the trough 12, etc. It is exposed to seawater which is a corrosive medium. Specifically, the outer surfaces of the heat transfer tube 13 and the lower header tube 14 and the inner surface of the trough 12 are exposed to seawater. For this reason, if the anticorrosion coating is not formed, the corrosion of aluminum progresses by being exposed to seawater for a long time during the operation of the LNG vaporizer 1, and the local corrosion such as pitting progresses. . In particular, when seawater contains copper ions, the progress of corrosion is remarkable, and the heat transfer tube 13 and the lower header tube 14 are subjected to temperature changes of low temperature and normal temperature, so that corrosion is more likely to progress. On the other hand, in the heat transfer tube 13, the lower header tube 14 and the trough 12 made of the aluminum alloy member according to the present embodiment, a sacrificial anticorrosive coating having excellent corrosion resistance is formed on the surface of each base material (base material). It is formed, which can effectively prevent the progress of corrosion. The heat transfer pipe 13, the lower header pipe 14, and the trough 12 will be described in detail below.
 [伝熱管]
 図3は、伝熱管13の径方向に沿った断面構造を示している。伝熱管13は、LNGが流れる流路7が内部に形成されたものである。伝熱管13は、アルミニウム合金からなる基材21と、基材21の外表面に形成された被膜22と、を備える。
[Heat transfer tube]
FIG. 3 shows the cross-sectional structure of the heat transfer tube 13 along the radial direction. The heat transfer tube 13 is one in which a flow path 7 through which LNG flows is formed inside. The heat transfer tube 13 includes a base 21 made of an aluminum alloy, and a coating 22 formed on the outer surface of the base 21.
 基材21は、流路7が形成された中空円筒状の管本体23と、管本体23の外面から径方向外側に向かって突設された複数(本実施形態では10個)のフィン24と、を備える。フィン24は、伝熱管13の伝熱面積を広くするためのものであり、各々同じ形状及び大きさを有している。また図3に示すように、フィン24は、管本体23の外面において周方向に沿って等間隔に形成されている。なお、フィン24の形態はこれに限定されず、複数のフィン24が互いに異なる形状及び大きさを有していてもよいし、周方向に沿って異なる間隔で形成されていてもよい。 The base 21 includes a hollow cylindrical tube main body 23 in which the flow path 7 is formed, and a plurality (10 in the present embodiment) of fins 24 protruding outward from the outer surface of the pipe main body 23 in the radial direction. And. The fins 24 are provided to widen the heat transfer area of the heat transfer tube 13 and have the same shape and size. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the fins 24 are formed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on the outer surface of the tube main body 23. The form of the fins 24 is not limited to this, and the plurality of fins 24 may have different shapes and sizes, or may be formed at different intervals along the circumferential direction.
 基材21は、LNGと海水との熱交換効率を上げるために伝熱性に優れるアルミニウム合金からなっており、強度及び防食性の観点から3000系、5000系及び6000系のうち何れかのアルミニウム合金により構成されている。より具体的には、基材21は、A3003、A3203、A5052、A5154、A5083、A6061、A6063又はA6N01などのアルミニウム合金により構成されている。 The base material 21 is made of an aluminum alloy which is excellent in heat conductivity to increase the heat exchange efficiency between LNG and seawater, and from the viewpoint of strength and corrosion resistance, any one of the 3000 series, 5000 series and 6000 series aluminum alloys. It is composed of More specifically, the base 21 is made of an aluminum alloy such as A3003, A3203, A5052, A5154, A5083, A6061, A6063 or A6N01.
 被膜22は、基材21の腐食を防止するための犠牲防食被膜であり、管本体23及びフィン24の形状に沿うように基材21の外面に形成されている。本実施形態に係るアルミニウム合金製部材により構成される伝熱管13は、被膜22が、Al-Mg系合金からなる外層26と、Al-Zn系合金からなる内層25と、の2層構造からなる点に特徴を有している。 The coating 22 is a sacrificial anticorrosion coating for preventing the corrosion of the base 21, and is formed on the outer surface of the base 21 so as to conform to the shapes of the tube main body 23 and the fins 24. In the heat transfer tube 13 formed of the aluminum alloy member according to the present embodiment, the film 22 has a two-layer structure of the outer layer 26 made of an Al-Mg alloy and the inner layer 25 made of an Al-Zn alloy. It has the feature in the point.
 図3に示すように、外層26は、被膜22の最外面22Aを含む層であるため、トラフ12(図2)から溢れて流下してきた海水が主に接触する。外層26は、1質量%以上20質量%以下のMgを含有し、残部アルミニウム及び不可避不純物からなるアルミニウム合金により構成されている。ここで「不可避不純物」とは、外層26の防食性能を害さない程度の量だけ含まれるものであり、例えば、H、O、C及びBなどの元素を挙げることができる。 As shown in FIG. 3, since the outer layer 26 is a layer including the outermost surface 22A of the coating 22, the seawater overflowing from the trough 12 (FIG. 2) mainly comes in contact with it. The outer layer 26 contains 1 mass% or more and 20 mass% or less of Mg, and is comprised by the aluminum alloy which consists of remainder aluminum and an unavoidable impurity. Here, the "unavoidable impurities" are included in an amount that does not impair the anticorrosion performance of the outer layer 26, and examples thereof include elements such as H, O, C, and B.
 Mgは、Alよりも腐食電位が卑な元素であり、外層26の腐食電位を基材21よりも卑化させることにより犠牲防食性を向上させる。つまり、腐食が進行して基材21の外面が露出した状態においても、外層26が基材21よりも優先的に腐食することにより(犠牲防食)、基材21の腐食を防止することができる。このような犠牲防食作用を向上させるため、外層26のMg含有量は、1質量%以上に調整されている。しかし、一方で外層26のMg含有量が過剰になると、被膜の消耗速度が増大し、所望の寿命を得ることが困難になることから、外層26のMg含有量は20質量%以下に調整されている。外層26のMg含有量は、1.2質量%以上19質量%以下であることが好ましく、1.5質量%以上18質量%以下であることがより好ましく、4質量%以上6質量%以下であることがさらに好ましく、最も好ましいのは5質量%付近である。また上述のように、外層26は被膜22の最外面22Aを含む層であり、内層25よりも高い犠牲防食性が要求されることから、外層26におけるMg含有量は、内層25におけるMg含有量よりも多くなっている。 Mg is an element having a lower corrosion potential than Al, and by enhancing the corrosion potential of the outer layer 26 relative to the base 21, the sacrificial corrosion resistance is improved. That is, even when corrosion progresses and the outer surface of the substrate 21 is exposed, the corrosion of the substrate 21 can be prevented by corroding the outer layer 26 preferentially over the substrate 21 (a sacrificial protection). . In order to improve such a sacrificial corrosion protection effect, the Mg content of the outer layer 26 is adjusted to 1 mass% or more. However, if the Mg content of the outer layer 26 is excessive, the consumption rate of the film increases and it becomes difficult to obtain the desired life, so the Mg content of the outer layer 26 is adjusted to 20% by mass or less. ing. The Mg content of the outer layer 26 is preferably 1.2% by mass to 19% by mass, more preferably 1.5% by mass to 18% by mass, and 4% by mass to 6% by mass. It is more preferable that there be some, most preferably around 5% by mass. Further, as described above, the outer layer 26 is a layer including the outermost surface 22A of the coating 22 and higher sacrificial corrosion resistance than the inner layer 25 is required. Therefore, the Mg content in the outer layer 26 is the Mg content in the inner layer 25 It is more than that.
 ここで、図4に示す比較例のように、被膜22がAl-Mg系合金からなる外層26のみの単層被膜によって構成される場合には、外層26における深さ方向の腐食速度が大きいことから、孔26Aが基材21まで容易に到達する。この場合、外層26に形成された孔26Aから海水が進入し、基材21と外層26との界面21Aにおいて腐食が進行する。これにより、界面21Aにおいて生じる腐食生成物21Bに起因して被膜22の体積膨張が起こり、被膜22の膨れが生じるという問題がある。 Here, as in the comparative example shown in FIG. 4, when the film 22 is constituted by a single layer film of only the outer layer 26 made of an Al—Mg-based alloy, the corrosion rate in the depth direction of the outer layer 26 is large. Then, the holes 26A easily reach the substrate 21. In this case, seawater enters from the holes 26A formed in the outer layer 26, and corrosion progresses at the interface 21A between the base 21 and the outer layer 26. As a result, there is a problem that volumetric expansion of the coating 22 occurs due to the corrosion product 21B generated at the interface 21A, and the coating 22 is swollen.
 これに対して、本実施形態に係る伝熱管13では、適量のZnを含有するアルミニウム合金からなる内層25が基材21と外層26との間に形成されている。図3に示すように、内層25は基材21(管本体23及びフィン24)の外面に接触するように形成されており、外層26は当該内層25の外面に接触するように形成されている。 On the other hand, in the heat transfer tube 13 according to the present embodiment, the inner layer 25 made of an aluminum alloy containing an appropriate amount of Zn is formed between the base 21 and the outer layer 26. As shown in FIG. 3, the inner layer 25 is formed to be in contact with the outer surface of the base 21 (the tube body 23 and the fin 24), and the outer layer 26 is formed to be in contact with the outer surface of the inner layer 25. .
 内層25は、1質量%以上20質量%以下の亜鉛を含有し、残部アルミニウム及び不可避不純物からなるアルミニウム合金により構成されている。内層25のZnは、基材21のAlよりも腐食電位が卑であるが、外層26のMgよりも腐食電位が貴である。このため、内層25が外層26よりも腐食電位が貴となる。従って、図5に示すように、外層26における局部腐食が進行して孔26Aが形成された場合でも、内層25が外層26よりも腐食電位が貴であることから、孔26Aが基材21の表面まで到達するのを防ぐことができる。即ち、内層25は、被膜22の孔食が基材21に到達するのを防止するための被膜層として機能する。このため、図4を参照して説明したような被膜22と基材21との界面21Aにおける腐食の進行を抑制し、被膜22の膨れを抑制することができる。その結果、被膜22の剥離が抑制される。このような効果を得るため、内層25のZn含有量は、1質量%以上20質量%以下となっており、1質量%以上3質量%以下であることが好ましく、最も好ましいのは2質量%付近である。 The inner layer 25 contains 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of zinc, and is made of an aluminum alloy including the balance aluminum and unavoidable impurities. The Zn of the inner layer 25 has a lower corrosion potential than the Al of the base material 21, but has a nobler corrosion potential than the Mg of the outer layer 26. Therefore, the inner layer 25 has a nobler corrosion potential than the outer layer 26. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, even if local corrosion in the outer layer 26 progresses to form the holes 26A, the inner layer 25 has a nobler corrosion potential than the outer layer 26, so that the holes 26A are formed of the substrate 21. It can prevent reaching the surface. That is, the inner layer 25 functions as a coating layer for preventing pitting of the coating 22 from reaching the substrate 21. For this reason, it is possible to suppress the progress of corrosion at the interface 21A between the film 22 and the substrate 21 as described with reference to FIG. 4, and to suppress the swelling of the film 22. As a result, peeling of the film 22 is suppressed. In order to obtain such an effect, the Zn content of the inner layer 25 is 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, preferably 1% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less, and most preferably 2% by mass It is near.
 このように、本実施形態に係る伝熱管13では、内層25の腐食電位が基材21の腐食電位よりも卑であり、外層26の腐食電位が内層25の腐食電位よりも卑となっている。つまり、伝熱管13においては、基材21、内層25、外層26の順に腐食電位が卑化するように(外層26、内層25、基材21の順に腐食電位が貴化するように)構成されている。別の観点から説明すると、伝熱管13は、第1の防食被膜(内層25)と、第2の防食被膜(外層26)と、を有しており、第1の防食被膜が第2の防食被膜よりも基材に近い位置に形成されており、且つ当該第1の防食被膜の腐食電位が基材の腐食電位よりも卑で且つ第2の防食被膜の腐食電位よりも貴となっている。 Thus, in the heat transfer tube 13 according to the present embodiment, the corrosion potential of the inner layer 25 is more negative than the corrosion potential of the substrate 21, and the corrosion potential of the outer layer 26 is more negative than the corrosion potential of the inner layer 25. . That is, in the heat transfer tube 13, the base 21, the inner layer 25, and the outer layer 26 are configured in this order (the outer layer 26, the inner layer 25, and the base 21 are nobled in order). ing. If it demonstrates from another viewpoint, the heat exchanger tube 13 has the 1st anti-corrosion film (inner layer 25) and the 2nd anti-corrosion film (outer layer 26), and the 1st anti-corrosion film is the 2nd anti-corrosion film. It is formed at a position closer to the substrate than the film, and the corrosion potential of the first anticorrosion film is higher than the corrosion potential of the substrate and nobler than the corrosion potential of the second anticorrosion film. .
 被膜22(内層25及び外層26)は、例えば溶射法によって基材21の外面上に形成されている。溶射法としては、フレーム溶射、高速フレーム溶射、爆発溶射、アーク溶射、プラズマ溶射又はレーザー溶射などの通常の方法を用いることができる。フレーム溶射における燃料としては、プロパンと酸素の混合ガスやアセチレンと酸素の混合ガスなどを用いることができる。また溶射材としては、被膜22(内層25及び外層26)と同じ成分組成を有するアルミニウム合金の線材や粉末を用いることができる。 The coating 22 (the inner layer 25 and the outer layer 26) is formed on the outer surface of the substrate 21 by, for example, a thermal spraying method. As the thermal spraying method, a usual method such as flame spraying, high speed flame spraying, detonation spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying or laser spraying can be used. As a fuel for flame spraying, a mixed gas of propane and oxygen, a mixed gas of acetylene and oxygen, or the like can be used. Moreover, as a thermal spray material, the wire and powder of an aluminum alloy which have the same component composition as the film 22 (inner layer 25 and outer layer 26) can be used.
 ここで、内層25を溶射により形成する施工の前に、基材21の外面に対して適切な前処理を施すことにより、基材21と内層25との密着性を向上させることができる。具体的には、ショットブラスト処理やグリッドブラスト処理などにより、基材21の外面における表面粗度を適切な範囲に調整することが挙げられる。基材21の表面粗度は、例えば平均粗さRaで1μm以上30μm以下とすることが可能であり、また最大粗さRmaxで10μm以上100μm以下とすることができる。この時、ブラスト処理に用いた研掃材が基材21の外面に残存すると、溶射により内層25を形成した時に当該内層25と基材21との密着性が低下する。このため、ブラスト処理後には、ブラッシングなどを行うことにより研掃材を除去することが好ましい。 Here, the adhesion between the base 21 and the inner layer 25 can be improved by performing an appropriate pretreatment on the outer surface of the base 21 before the formation of the inner layer 25 by thermal spraying. Specifically, the surface roughness of the outer surface of the substrate 21 may be adjusted to an appropriate range by shot blasting, grid blasting, or the like. The surface roughness of the substrate 21 can be, for example, 1 μm to 30 μm in average roughness Ra, and can be 10 μm to 100 μm or less in maximum roughness Rmax. At this time, if the cleaning material used for the blast treatment remains on the outer surface of the substrate 21, the adhesion between the inner layer 25 and the substrate 21 is reduced when the inner layer 25 is formed by thermal spraying. For this reason, after blasting, it is preferable to remove the cleaning material by brushing or the like.
 被膜22の厚さT(外層26の厚さT1と内層25の厚さT2の合計)は、溶射時の条件によって調整可能であるが、100μm以上1000μm以下となっている。被膜22の厚さTが小さすぎると、塩化物イオンや酸素などの腐食性物質の基材21への進入を十分に抑制することが困難になる。さらに、被膜22が早期に溶失するため、十分な防食効果を長期間に亘って得ることが困難になる。一方で、被膜22の厚さTが大きすぎると、低温と常温の温度変化に起因して被膜22の剥離が生じ、また被膜22にクラックが生じることにより、十分な防食効果を得ることが困難になる。このため、被膜22の厚さTは、100μm以上1000μm以下の範囲に調整されており、980μm以下であることがより好ましく、950μm以下であることがさらに好ましい。また外層26及び内層25の各厚さT1,T2は、50μm以上500μm以下の範囲に調整されており、60μm以上であることが好ましく、70μm以上であることがより好ましい。 The thickness T of the coating 22 (the sum of the thickness T1 of the outer layer 26 and the thickness T2 of the inner layer 25) can be adjusted depending on the conditions at the time of thermal spraying, but is 100 μm to 1000 μm. If the thickness T of the coating 22 is too small, it will be difficult to sufficiently suppress the entry of corrosive substances such as chloride ions and oxygen into the substrate 21. Furthermore, since the coating 22 is dissolved early, it becomes difficult to obtain a sufficient anticorrosion effect over a long period of time. On the other hand, if the thickness T of the film 22 is too large, peeling of the film 22 occurs due to temperature change of low temperature and normal temperature, and cracks occur in the film 22 to make it difficult to obtain sufficient anticorrosion effect become. Therefore, the thickness T of the film 22 is adjusted in the range of 100 μm to 1000 μm, more preferably 980 μm or less, and still more preferably 950 μm or less. The thicknesses T1 and T2 of the outer layer 26 and the inner layer 25 are adjusted in the range of 50 μm to 500 μm, preferably 60 μm or more, and more preferably 70 μm or more.
 [下部ヘッダー管,トラフ]
 図6は、下部ヘッダー管14の径方向に沿った断面構造を示している。図7は、トラフ12の断面構造を示している。図6に示すように、下部ヘッダー管14は、LNGが流れる流路33が形成された中空円筒状の基材31と、溶射などの手法によって基材31の外面全体に形成された被膜32と、を有する。また図7に示すように、トラフ12は、基材41と、溶射などの手法によって基材41の表面全体に形成された被膜42と、を有する。基材41は、開口部43が形成された容器によって構成されている。
[Lower header pipe, trough]
FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional structure along the radial direction of the lower header pipe 14. FIG. 7 shows the cross-sectional structure of the trough 12. As shown in FIG. 6, the lower header pipe 14 has a hollow cylindrical base 31 in which a flow path 33 through which LNG flows is formed, and a coating 32 formed on the entire outer surface of the base 31 by a method such as thermal spraying. And. As shown in FIG. 7, the trough 12 has a base 41 and a coating 42 formed on the entire surface of the base 41 by a method such as thermal spraying. The base material 41 is comprised by the container in which the opening part 43 was formed.
 基材31,41は、上記伝熱管13を構成する基材21と同様に、熱伝導性に優れたアルミニウム合金からなる。また被膜32,42は、上記伝熱管13を構成する被膜22と同様の特徴を有するものである。即ち、被膜32,42は、基材31,41の表面に形成され、1質量%以上20質量%以下のZnを含有するアルミニウム合金により構成された内層34,44と、内層34,44の表面に形成され、1質量%以上20質量%以下のMgを含有するアルミニウム合金により構成された外層35,45と、を含む2層構造からなるものである。このため、上記伝熱管13と同様に、優れた犠牲防食性を発揮することができると共に、被膜32,42が膨らむことによって基材31,41の表面から剥離するのを防ぐことができる。 The substrates 31 and 41 are made of an aluminum alloy having excellent thermal conductivity, as with the substrate 21 constituting the heat transfer tube 13. The coatings 32 and 42 have the same characteristics as the coating 22 constituting the heat transfer tube 13 described above. That is, the coatings 32 and 42 are formed on the surfaces of the base members 31 and 41, and the inner layers 34 and 44 made of an aluminum alloy containing 1% by mass to 20% by mass of Zn, and the surfaces of the inner layers 34 and 44 And an outer layer 35, 45 made of an aluminum alloy containing 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of Mg, and has a two-layer structure. Therefore, similar to the heat transfer tube 13, excellent sacrificial corrosion resistance can be exhibited, and the coating 32, 42 can be prevented from peeling off from the surface of the base material 31, 41 by swelling.
 [実施形態1のまとめ]
 以上のように、実施形態1に係るアルミニウム合金製部材(伝熱管13、下部ヘッダー管14及びトラフ12)は、アルミニウム合金からなる基材21,31,41の表面において被膜22,32,42が形成されたものである。そして、当該被膜22,32,42は、1質量%以上20質量%以下のMgを含有し、残部アルミニウム及び不可避不純物からなる外層26,35,45と、1質量%以上20質量%以下のZnを含有し、残部アルミニウム及び不可避不純物からなる内層25,34,44と、を含む2層構造からなる。この特徴により、低温と常温の温度変化を受け、海水のような腐食性媒体に曝される環境下において使用された場合にも、外層26,35,45によって優れた犠牲防食性を発揮することができる。よって、基材21,31,41の腐食劣化が進行しにくくなることから、部材を長寿命化し、定期補修の回数を削減することができる。このため、LNG気化器1の安全性向上や維持管理コストの削減を図ることができる。また内層25,34,44によって被膜22,32,42の孔食が基材21,31,41に到達するのを防ぐことにより(図5)、界面21Aにおける腐食の進行を抑制し、被膜22,32,42の膨れを防ぐことができる。その結果、被膜22,32,42が基材21,31,41の表面から剥がれるのを抑制することができる。
[Summary of Embodiment 1]
As described above, the aluminum alloy members (heat transfer pipe 13, lower header pipe 14, and trough 12) according to the first embodiment have the coatings 22, 32, 42 on the surfaces of the base members 21, 31, 41 made of aluminum alloy. It is formed. And the said film 22,32,42 contains Mg of 1 mass% or more and 20 mass% or less, Zn of 1 mass% or more and 20 mass% or less outer layer 26, 35, 45 which consists of remainder aluminum and an unavoidable impurity. And an inner layer 25, 34, 44 composed of the balance aluminum and inevitable impurities. Due to this feature, the outer layers 26, 35, 45 exhibit excellent sacrificial corrosion resistance even when used in an environment exposed to a corrosive medium such as seawater, subjected to temperature changes of low temperature and normal temperature. Can. Therefore, since corrosion degradation of the base materials 21, 31, 41 is difficult to progress, the life of the member can be extended, and the number of regular repairs can be reduced. Therefore, the safety of the LNG vaporizer 1 can be improved and the maintenance cost can be reduced. Further, by preventing the pitting corrosion of the coatings 22, 32, 42 from reaching the substrates 21, 31, 41 by the inner layers 25, 34, 44 (FIG. 5), the progress of corrosion at the interface 21A is suppressed, , 32, 42 can be prevented. As a result, it is possible to suppress peeling of the coatings 22, 32 and 42 from the surfaces of the substrates 21, 31 and 41.
 [実施形態1の変形例]
 次に、上記実施形態1の変形例について説明する。
Modification of Embodiment 1
Next, a modification of the first embodiment will be described.
 外層26,35,45は、1質量%以上20質量%以下のMgと、Mgよりも少量のZnと、を含有し、残部アルミニウム及び不可避不純物からなるものでもよい。この場合、外層26のZn含有量は、例えば0.01質量%以上1.2質量%以下である。また内層25,34,44は、1質量%以上20質量%以下のZnと、Znよりも少量のMgと、を含有し、残部アルミニウム及び不可避不純物からなるものでもよい。この場合、内層25,34,44のMg含有量は、例えば0.01質量%以上0.52質量%以下である。このように、内層25,34,44に含まれる元素と同じZnを外層26,35,45にも含有させ、且つ外層26,35,45に含まれる元素と同じMgを内層25,34,44にも含有させることにより、内層25,34,44と外層26,35,45との親和性を向上させることが可能となる。これにより、内層25,34,44と外層26,35,45との密着性が向上し、アルミニウム合金製部材の耐久性を向上させることができる。 The outer layers 26, 35, 45 may contain 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of Mg and Zn in a smaller amount than Mg, and the balance may be made of aluminum and unavoidable impurities. In this case, the Zn content of the outer layer 26 is, for example, 0.01% by mass or more and 1.2% by mass or less. The inner layers 25, 34, 44 may contain 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of Zn and Mg in a smaller amount than Zn, and may be composed of the balance aluminum and unavoidable impurities. In this case, the Mg content of the inner layers 25, 34, 44 is, for example, not less than 0.01% by mass and not more than 0.52% by mass. Thus, the same Zn as the element contained in the inner layers 25, 34, 44 is contained in the outer layers 26, 35, 45, and the same Mg as the element contained in the outer layers 26, 35, 45 is contained in the inner layers 25, 34, 44 By making it also contained, it is possible to improve the affinity between the inner layers 25, 34, 44 and the outer layers 26, 35, 45. Thereby, the adhesion between the inner layers 25, 34, 44 and the outer layers 26, 35, 45 is improved, and the durability of the aluminum alloy member can be improved.
 外層26,35,45及び内層25,34,44のうち少なくとも一方の層は、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下のSi、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下のFe、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下のCu、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下のMn、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下のCr及び0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下のTiからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の元素をさらに含有するアルミニウム合金からなっていてもよい。即ち、外層26,35,45は、1質量%以上20質量%以下のMgと、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下の元素M(Si、Fe、Cu、Mn、Cr及びTiのうち少なくとも一種の元素)と、を含有し、残部アルミニウム及び不可避不純物からなっていてもよい。また内層25,34,44は、1質量%以上20質量%以下のZnと、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下の上記元素Mと、を含有し、残部アルミニウム及び不可避不純物からなっていてもよい。また外層26,35,45及び内層25,34,44は、上記群のうち一種類の元素を含有していてもよいし、複数種の元素を含有していてもよい。 At least one layer of the outer layers 26, 35, 45 and the inner layers 25, 34, 44 is 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of Si, and 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of Fe 0.01 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less Cu, 0.01 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less Mn, 0.01 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less Cr and 0.01 mass It may be made of an aluminum alloy further containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti and 1.0% by mass or less. That is, the outer layers 26, 35, 45 are made of 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of Mg, and 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of the element M (Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, and Ti And at least one element), and the balance may be composed of aluminum and unavoidable impurities. Further, the inner layers 25, 34, 44 contain 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of Zn, and 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of the above-described element M, and the balance is aluminum and unavoidable impurities. It may be The outer layers 26, 35, 45 and the inner layers 25, 34, 44 may contain one type of element in the above group, or may contain a plurality of types of elements.
 外層26,35,45及び内層25,34,44に添加されるこれらの元素は、Alのアノード反応速度を低下させることにより、被膜22,32,42の消耗速度を低減させる。しかし、これらの元素含有量が過剰になると、腐食電位が貴化し、その結果被膜22,32,42の犠牲防食性が低下する場合がある。このため、Si、Fe、Cu、Mn、Cr及びTiの含有量は、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下に調整されている。 These elements added to the outer layers 26, 35, 45 and the inner layers 25, 34, 44 reduce the consumption rate of the coatings 22, 32, 42 by reducing the anodic reaction rate of Al. However, if the content of these elements is excessive, the corrosion potential may become noble and as a result, the sacrificial corrosion resistance of the coatings 22, 32, 42 may decrease. Therefore, the contents of Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr and Ti are adjusted to 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less.
 上記実施形態1では、伝熱管13、下部ヘッダー管14及びトラフ12の全てに本発明のアルミニウム合金製部材が適用される場合について説明したがこれに限定されず、少なくともいずれかの部材に対して本発明のアルミニウム合金製部材が適用されてもよい。つまり、伝熱管13、下部ヘッダー管14及びトラフ12のうちいずれかの部材において、Al-Mg系合金(Mg:1~20質量%)からなる外層と、Al-Zn系合金(Zn:1~20質量%)からなる内層と、を含む2層構造からなる被膜が、基材の表面に形成されていてもよい。 Although the case where the aluminum alloy member of the present invention is applied to all of the heat transfer pipe 13, the lower header pipe 14 and the trough 12 has been described in the first embodiment, the present invention is not limited thereto. The aluminum alloy member of the present invention may be applied. That is, in any member among the heat transfer tube 13, the lower header tube 14, and the trough 12, an outer layer made of an Al—Mg alloy (Mg: 1 to 20 mass%) and an Al—Zn alloy (Zn: 1 to A coating having a two-layer structure including an inner layer of 20% by mass) may be formed on the surface of the substrate.
 上記実施形態1において、被膜22,32,42の厚さは、100μm未満であってもよいし、1000μmを超えていてもよい。 In the first embodiment, the thickness of the coatings 22, 32 and 42 may be less than 100 μm or may exceed 1000 μm.
 上記実施形態1では、基材21,31,41が3000系、5000系又は6000系のアルミニウム合金からなる場合について説明したが、2000系や7000系などの他の種類のアルミニウム合金からなっていてもよい。 In the first embodiment, the case where the base materials 21, 31 and 41 are made of 3000 series, 5000 series or 6000 series aluminum alloy has been described, but it is made of other types of aluminum alloys such as 2000 series and 7000 series. It is also good.
 上記実施形態1では、溶射によって被膜22,32を基材21,31の表面に形成して伝熱管13及び下部ヘッダー管14を作製する場合について説明したがこれに限定されず、押出などによってクラッド管を形成する方法でもよい。このようにクラッドによって製造する場合には、基材21,31と被膜22,32との密着性をより向上させることができる。 In the first embodiment, the case where the heat transfer pipe 13 and the lower header pipe 14 are produced by forming the coatings 22 and 32 on the surfaces of the base members 21 and 31 by thermal spraying has been described, but the invention is not limited thereto. It may be a method of forming a tube. Thus, when manufacturing by a clad, the adhesiveness of the base materials 21 and 31 and the films 22 and 32 can be improved more.
 なお、クラッドにより伝熱管13及び下部ヘッダー管14をそれぞれ作製し、これらを組み合わせて伝熱管パネル11を製造する場合には、伝熱管13の下端と下部ヘッダー管14とを溶接により接合する必要がある。この場合、伝熱管13の下端においてフィン24を削り落として除去する必要があり、このとき被膜22も除去される。このため、伝熱管13の下端を下部ヘッダー管14に対して溶接により接合した後、溶接部に対して溶射法により被膜22(内層25及び外層26)をさらに形成する必要がある。 When the heat transfer pipe 13 and the lower header pipe 14 are respectively manufactured by cladding and these are combined to manufacture the heat transfer pipe panel 11, it is necessary to weld the lower end of the heat transfer pipe 13 and the lower header pipe 14 by welding. is there. In this case, it is necessary to scrape and remove the fins 24 at the lower end of the heat transfer tube 13, and the coating 22 is also removed at this time. For this reason, after the lower end of the heat transfer tube 13 is joined to the lower header tube 14 by welding, it is necessary to further form the coating 22 (inner layer 25 and outer layer 26) on the welded portion by thermal spraying.
 <実施形態2>
 次に、本発明の実施形態2に係るLNG気化器2について、図8を参照して説明する。LNG気化器2は、加熱源である海水の温度とLNGの温度との間に沸点及び凝縮点を有する中間媒体61を介して熱交換を行う中間媒体気化器(IFV)である。LNG気化器2は、中間媒体蒸発部51と、気化部52と、NG加温部53と、を有する。
Second Embodiment
Next, an LNG vaporizer 2 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The LNG vaporizer 2 is an intermediate medium vaporizer (IFV) that performs heat exchange via an intermediate medium 61 having a boiling point and a condensation point between the temperature of seawater as a heating source and the temperature of the LNG. The LNG vaporizer 2 has an intermediate medium evaporation unit 51, a vaporization unit 52, and an NG heating unit 53.
 中間媒体蒸発部51は、シェル70内の底側の部分であり、当該底部側のシェル空間に配設された複数(本実施形態では3つ)の伝熱管71を有する。中間媒体蒸発部51は、伝熱管71の内部を流れる海水72と、シェル70の底部に溜まった液状の中間媒体61と、の熱交換を行う。この熱交換によって液状の中間媒体61が蒸発し、中間媒体ガス61Aが発生する。つまり、伝熱管71は、海水72と中間媒体61との間の熱交換を行うための伝熱部材である。 The intermediate-medium evaporating unit 51 is a portion on the bottom side in the shell 70, and has a plurality of (three in the present embodiment) heat transfer pipes 71 disposed in the shell space on the bottom side. The intermediate medium evaporation unit 51 exchanges heat between the seawater 72 flowing inside the heat transfer tube 71 and the liquid intermediate medium 61 accumulated at the bottom of the shell 70. By this heat exchange, the liquid intermediate medium 61 evaporates, and an intermediate medium gas 61A is generated. That is, the heat transfer tube 71 is a heat transfer member for performing heat exchange between the seawater 72 and the intermediate medium 61.
 気化部52は、シェル70内の上側の部分であり、図8中矢印に示すようにLNGが流れる流路を含むLNG配管73を有する。気化部52は、LNG配管73の内部を流れるLNGと中間媒体ガス61Aとの熱交換を行う。これにより、LNGが気化し、NGが発生する。NGは、NG配管74を通ってNG加温部53に送られる。一方、中間媒体ガス61Aは、LNGとの熱交換により凝縮し、液状の中間媒体61としてシェル70内の底部に溜まる。 The vaporization unit 52 is an upper portion in the shell 70, and has an LNG pipe 73 including a flow path through which the LNG flows as shown by the arrows in FIG. The vaporization unit 52 performs heat exchange between the LNG flowing inside the LNG pipe 73 and the intermediate medium gas 61A. As a result, the LNG is vaporized to generate an NG. The NG is sent to the NG heating unit 53 through the NG pipe 74. On the other hand, the intermediate medium gas 61A is condensed by heat exchange with the LNG, and is accumulated at the bottom of the shell 70 as a liquid intermediate medium 61.
 NG加温部53は、加熱源である海水が流れる複数(本実施形態では3つ)の伝熱管81を有する。NG加温部53には、気化部52からNG配管74を介してNGが送られ、当該NGは伝熱管81の内部を流れる海水72と熱交換する。その後、海水によって加温されたNGは、常温のガスとして排出される。つまり、伝熱管81は、海水72とNGとの間で熱交換するための伝熱部材である。 The NG heating unit 53 has a plurality of (three in the present embodiment) heat transfer tubes 81 through which seawater, which is a heating source, flows. An NG is sent to the NG heating unit 53 from the vaporization unit 52 via the NG pipe 74, and the NG exchanges heat with the seawater 72 flowing inside the heat transfer tube 81. Thereafter, the NG heated by the seawater is discharged as a gas at normal temperature. That is, the heat transfer tube 81 is a heat transfer member for exchanging heat between the seawater 72 and the NG.
 上記LNG気化器2において、伝熱管71,81は、内面が腐食性媒体である海水72に曝される。このため、防食被膜が形成されていなければ、腐食が進行することによって孔食などの問題が生じる。ここで、伝熱管71,81は、本実施形態に係るアルミニウム合金製部材により構成されている。即ち、伝熱管71,81は、上記実施形態1と同様に、適量のMgを含有する外層と、適量のZnを含有する内層と、を含む2層構造からなる被膜が基材の表面に形成されたものとなっている。具体的には、図9の断面図に示すように、伝熱管71,81は、海水が流れる流路91Aが内部に形成された中空円筒状の基材91と、基材91の内面に沿って周方向全体に形成された被膜92と、有する。そして、当該被膜92は、基材91の内面に接触するように形成され、Al-Zn系合金(Zn:1~20質量%)からなる内層93と、内層93の内面に接触するように形成され、Al-Mg系合金(Mg:1~20質量%)からなる外層94と、を含む2層構造からなる。このため、流路91Aに腐食性の海水を流しても、被膜92によって基材91の腐食を防止することができると共に被膜92の剥離を防止することができる。よって、伝熱管71,81の寿命をより長くすることができる。また伝熱管71,81以外に海水72に曝されることにより腐食が懸念される部材に対しても、伝熱管71,81と同様に、上述のような2層構造からなる犠牲防食被膜が形成されてもよい。 In the above-mentioned LNG vaporizer 2, the heat transfer pipes 71, 81 are exposed to seawater 72 whose inner surface is a corrosive medium. For this reason, if the anticorrosive coating is not formed, problems such as pitting occur due to the progress of corrosion. Here, the heat transfer tubes 71 and 81 are made of the aluminum alloy members according to the present embodiment. That is, as in the first embodiment, in the heat transfer tubes 71 and 81, a coating having a two-layer structure including an outer layer containing an appropriate amount of Mg and an inner layer containing an appropriate amount of Zn is formed on the surface of the substrate It has been done. Specifically, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 9, the heat transfer tubes 71 and 81 extend along the inner surface of a hollow cylindrical base 91 having a flow path 91A through which seawater flows, and a base 91. And a coating 92 formed in the entire circumferential direction. The film 92 is formed to be in contact with the inner surface of the base 91, and is formed to be in contact with the inner layer 93 made of an Al—Zn alloy (Zn: 1 to 20 mass%) and the inner surface of the inner layer 93. And an outer layer 94 made of an Al--Mg based alloy (Mg: 1 to 20% by mass). For this reason, even if corrosive seawater flows in the flow path 91A, the film 92 can prevent the corrosion of the base 91 and can prevent the peeling of the film 92. Therefore, the life of the heat transfer tubes 71 and 81 can be further lengthened. In addition to the heat transfer tubes 71 and 81, similar to the heat transfer tubes 71 and 81, the sacrificial anticorrosion coating having the above-described two-layer structure is formed on the members that may be corroded by being exposed to the seawater 72. It may be done.
 <その他実施形態>
 次に、本発明のその他実施形態について説明する。上記実施形態1,2では、本発明のアルミニウム合金製部材がLNG気化器1,2における伝熱管13,71,81、下部ヘッダー管14及びトラフ12として用いられる場合について説明したが、これに限定されない。例えば、本発明のアルミニウム合金製部材は、液化石油ガス(LPG)の気化器における伝熱部材として用いることもでき、またプレート熱交換器における伝熱パネルやフィンアンドチューブ型熱交換器におけるプレートフィンなどの板状の伝熱部材としても用いることができる。
<Other embodiments>
Next, other embodiments of the present invention will be described. In the first and second embodiments, the case where the aluminum alloy member of the present invention is used as the heat transfer pipes 13, 71, 81, the lower header pipe 14 and the trough 12 in the LNG vaporizers 1 and 2 has been described. I will not. For example, the aluminum alloy member of the present invention can also be used as a heat transfer member in a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vaporizer, and also in plate heat exchangers in plate heat exchangers and plate fins in fin and tube type heat exchangers. It can also be used as a plate-like heat transfer member such as
 また、このような板状のアルミニウム合金製部材は、クラッド圧延により作製することができる。具体的には、まず、アルミニウム合金製の基材及び被膜材をそれぞれ溶解、鋳造し、必要に応じて均質化熱処理を施し、それぞれの鋳塊を得る。次に、当該鋳塊を一体にして圧延(熱間圧延、冷間圧延)又は切断することにより、所望のサイズの板材を得る。その後、これらの板材を重ね合わせて熱間圧延により圧着することにより一体の板材とし、所定の最終板厚になるまで冷間圧延を行うことにより、基材の表面に被膜が形成された板状のアルミニウム合金製部材を作製することができる。このとき、被膜に相当する板材の板厚と熱間圧延における圧下率とを調整することにより、被膜の厚さを制御することができる。 Moreover, such a plate-shaped aluminum alloy member can be produced by clad rolling. Specifically, first, an aluminum alloy base material and a coating material are respectively melted and cast, and if necessary, subjected to homogenization heat treatment to obtain respective ingots. Next, the ingots are integrated and rolled (hot rolling, cold rolling) or cut to obtain a plate of a desired size. Thereafter, these plate materials are stacked and pressure-bonded by hot rolling to form an integrated plate material, and cold rolling is performed until a predetermined final plate thickness is obtained. Aluminum alloy members can be manufactured. At this time, the thickness of the film can be controlled by adjusting the thickness of the plate material corresponding to the film and the rolling reduction in the hot rolling.
 [供試材の作製]
 アルミニウム合金製部材における被膜の耐膨れ性及び犠牲防食性について、本発明の効果を確認するための評価を行った。まず、図10及び図11に示す2種類の供試材100,101を作製した。図10は、被膜の耐膨れ性評価用の供試材であって、アルミニウム合金製部材の健全部を想定したものであり、実用時の初期劣化を評価するために用いた。図11は、犠牲防食性評価用の供試材であって、アルミニウム合金製部材の劣化がある程度進み、基材が露出した状態を想定したものである。
[Preparation of test material]
The swelling resistance and the sacrificial corrosion resistance of the coating in the aluminum alloy member were evaluated to confirm the effects of the present invention. First, two types of test materials 100 and 101 shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 were manufactured. FIG. 10 is a test material for evaluation of the anti-swelling property of a film, which assumes a sound portion of an aluminum alloy member, and was used to evaluate initial deterioration in practical use. FIG. 11: is a test material for sacrificial-corrosion evaluation, Comprising: Deterioration of the aluminum alloy member progresses to a certain extent, and the state which the base material exposed is assumed.
 まず、基材として、大きさが50mm(L1)×50mm(L2)×20mm(厚さ)の各種アルミニウム合金からなるものを準備した。そして、いずれの供試材100,101の作製においても、被膜形成の前処理として、平均粗さRaが10±2μmとなるように、アルミナを研掃材として用いたショットブラスト処理を50mm(L1)×50mm(L2)の1つの面に対して行い、その後ブラッシングにより研掃材の除去を行った。そして、プロパンと酸素の混合ガスを用いたフレーム溶射により、ショットブラスト処理を施した基材の表面に内層及び外層を順に形成し、供試材100,101を作製した。内層及び外層における各元素の成分組成(質量%)、内層及び外層の厚さ(μm)及び基材に用いたアルミニウム合金の種類は、下記の表1に示す通りである。内層及び外層の成分組成は、使用する溶射材の組成によって調整した。 First, as a base material, what consists of various aluminum alloys of 50 mm (L1) x 50 mm (L2) x 20 mm (thickness) in size was prepared. And, in preparation of any of the test materials 100 and 101, 50 mm (L 1) of shot blasting using alumina as a cleaning material so that the average roughness Ra is 10 ± 2 μm as pretreatment for film formation. ) Was performed on one surface of × 50 mm (L 2), and then the abrasive was removed by brushing. Then, by flame spraying using a mixed gas of propane and oxygen, the inner layer and the outer layer were sequentially formed on the surface of the base material subjected to the shot blasting, and test materials 100 and 101 were produced. The component compositions (% by mass) of the respective elements in the inner layer and the outer layer, the thicknesses (μm) of the inner layer and the outer layer, and the types of aluminum alloys used for the substrate are as shown in Table 1 below. The component composition of the inner layer and the outer layer was adjusted by the composition of the thermal spray material used.
 犠牲防食性評価用の供試材101(図11)の作製においては、20mmφの大きさの円形の孔である基材露出部100Aを切削加工により形成した。また全ての供試材100,101において、被膜を形成した50mm(L1)×50mm(L2)の大きさの面以外の面は、テフロン(登録商標)テープでシールし、その後次の熱サイクル腐食試験に供試した。 In preparation of the test material 101 (FIG. 11) for sacrificial-corrosion evaluation, the base-material exposed part 100A which is a circular hole of the size of 20 mm diameter was formed by cutting. Also, in all the test materials 100 and 101, the surfaces other than the 50 mm (L1) × 50 mm (L2) size on which the film is formed are sealed with a Teflon (registered trademark) tape, and then the next heat cycle corrosion is performed. Tested.
 [熱サイクル腐食試験]
 低温と常温による温度変化及び海水の腐食作用に対するアルミニウム合金製部材の防食性を評価する試験として、以下の熱サイクル腐食試験を行った。供試材100,101の溶射被膜が形成された面に対して、液温35℃に調整された人工海水の噴霧を行い、供試材100,101の基材部分のみを液体窒素に浸漬して冷却する工程を1日1回合計6カ月行った。人工海水としては、株式会社ヤシマ製金属腐食試験用アクアマリンにCu2+イオン濃度が1ppmとなるように塩化銅(II)を添加したものを用いた。腐食試験終了後、耐膨れ性評価用の供試材100の外観写真を撮影し、その画像解析により被膜の膨らんだ部分の面積を測定した。
Thermal cycle corrosion test
The following heat cycle corrosion test was conducted as a test to evaluate the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy members against temperature change due to low temperature and normal temperature and corrosion action of seawater. The artificial seawater adjusted to a liquid temperature of 35 ° C is sprayed on the surface of the test material 100, 101 on which the thermal spray coating is formed, and only the base portion of the test material 100, 101 is immersed in liquid nitrogen. The cooling process was carried out once a day for a total of 6 months. As artificial sea water, what added copper chloride (II) so that a Cu <2+ > ion concentration might be 1 ppm to aquamarine for metal corrosion tests by Yashima Co., Ltd. was used. After completion of the corrosion test, a photograph of the appearance of the test material 100 for evaluation of blister resistance was taken, and the area of the swollen portion of the film was measured by image analysis.
 犠牲防食性評価用の供試材101については、室温の30%硝酸に浸漬させることにより腐食生成物を除去した。その後、基材露出部100Aをレーザー顕微鏡で観察し、焦点深度法により局部腐食の深さを測定し、最も深い局部腐食の深さを求めた。また、犠牲防食性評価用の供試材101の腐食消耗量は、腐食試験前後の重量変化により測定した。腐食試験後の重量は、腐食生成物を除去した後の重量とした。各測定項目の評価基準は、下記の通りである。 About the test material 101 for sacrificial corrosion resistance evaluation, the corrosion product was removed by making 30% nitric acid of room temperature immerse. Thereafter, the substrate exposed portion 100A was observed with a laser microscope, and the depth of local corrosion was measured by the focal depth method to determine the deepest depth of local corrosion. Moreover, the amount of corrosion consumption of the test material 101 for sacrificial corrosion resistance evaluation was measured by the weight change before and behind a corrosion test. The weight after the corrosion test was the weight after removal of the corrosion product. The evaluation criteria of each measurement item are as follows.
 [膨れ面積の評価基準]
 ◎:No.1に対する膨れ面積の比率が50%未満
 ○:No.1に対する膨れ面積の比率が50%以上75%未満
 △:No.1に対する膨れ面積の比率が75%以上100%未満
 ×:No.1に対する膨れ面積の比率が100%以上
 [基材露出部における腐食深さの評価基準]
 ◎:基材露出部の局部腐食なし
 ○:基材露出部の局部腐食の最大値が10μm未満
 △:基材露出部の局部腐食の最大値が10μm以上30μm未満
 ×:基材露出部の局部腐食の最大値が30μm以上
 [腐食消耗量の評価基準]
 ◎:No.1に対する腐食消耗量の比率が50%未満
 ○:No.1に対する腐食消耗量の比率が50%以上75%未満
 △:No.1に対する腐食消耗量の比率が75%以上100%未満
 ×:No.1に対する腐食消耗量の比率が100%以上 
[Evaluation criteria for blister area]
◎: No. The ratio of the swelling area to 1 is less than 50% ○: No. The ratio of the swelling area to 1 is 50% or more and less than 75%. The ratio of the swelling area to 1 is 75% or more and less than 100%. X: No. The ratio of the swelling area to 1 is 100% or more [Evaluation criteria of corrosion depth in the substrate exposed portion]
:: no localized corrosion at exposed substrate part ○: maximum localized corrosion at exposed substrate less than 10 μm Δ: maximum localized corrosion at exposed substrate less than 10 μm to less than 30 μm x: localized exposed substrate Maximum value of corrosion is 30 μm or more [Evaluation criteria for corrosion loss]
◎: No. The ratio of corrosion consumption to 1 is less than 50% ○: No. The ratio of corrosion consumption amount to 1 is 50% or more and less than 75% Δ: No. Ratio of corrosion consumption to 1 is 75% or more and less than 100%. X: No. The ratio of corrosion consumption to 1 is 100% or more
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
 [試験結果]
 上記熱サイクル腐食試験の結果は、表1の通りである。表1に示す通り、外層のMg含有量が1~20質量%であり且つ内層のZn含有量が1~20質量%であるNo.2~5では、Al-Mgの内層のみ形成したNo.1に比べて、膨れ面積が小さくなった。また基材露出部における腐食深さも小さくなり、腐食消耗量も低減された。また、外層にZnを適量含有させ又は内層にMgを適量含有させたNo.6~12では、膨れ面積の抑制効果、基材露出部における腐食深さの抑制効果及び腐食消耗量の低減効果がさらに向上した。さらに、外層及び内層のいずれかにSi、Fe、Cu、Mn、Cr及びTiのうち1種又は2種の元素を適量含有させたNo.13~22では、膨れ面積の抑制効果及び腐食消耗量の低減効果がさらに高くなった。
[Test results]
The results of the thermal cycle corrosion test are as shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, No. 1 in which the Mg content of the outer layer is 1 to 20% by mass and the Zn content of the inner layer is 1 to 20% by mass. In Nos. 2 to 5, No. 1 in which only the inner layer of Al-Mg was formed. The bulging area is smaller than that of 1. Moreover, the corrosion depth in the base material exposed part also became small, and the amount of corrosion consumption was also reduced. In addition, No. 1 in which an appropriate amount of Zn is contained in the outer layer or an appropriate amount of Mg is contained in the inner layer. In 6 to 12, the effect of suppressing the swelling area, the effect of suppressing the corrosion depth in the base material exposed portion, and the effect of reducing the amount of corrosion consumed were further improved. Further, No. 1 in which an appropriate amount of one or two or more elements of Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr and Ti is contained in either the outer layer or the inner layer. In 13 to 22, the effect of suppressing the swelling area and the effect of reducing the amount of corrosion consumed were further enhanced.
 上記No.1~22は、7000系のアルミニウム合金(A7072)からなる基材を用いた場合である。3000系(A3003)、5000系(A5083)及び6000系(A6063)のうちいずれかのアルミニウム合金からなる基材を用いたNo.23~34では、上記No.1~22に比べて、膨れ面積の抑制効果、腐食深さの抑制効果及び腐食消耗量の低減効果がいずれも大きくなった。 The above No. 1 to 22 are cases where a base material made of a 7000 series aluminum alloy (A7072) is used. No. 1 using an aluminum alloy base material of any of 3000 series (A3003), 5000 series (A5083) and 6000 series (A6063). In 23 to 34, the above-mentioned No. As compared with 1 to 22, all of the effect of suppressing the swelling area, the effect of suppressing the corrosion depth, and the effect of reducing the amount of corrosion consumed became greater.
 また3000系、5000系及び6000系の基材を用いた場合でも、7000系の基材を用いた場合と同様に、外層にZnを適量含有させ且つ内層にMgを適量含有させることによる効果や、外層又は内層にSi、Fe、Cu、Mn、Cr及びTiのいずれかを含有させることによる効果が認められた。即ち、外層にZnを適量含有させ且つ内層にMgを適量含有させたNo.26~28は、それぞれNo.23~25に比べて効果が大きくなった。また、外層又は内層のいずれかにSi、Fe、Cu、Mn、Cr及びTiのうち1種又は2種の元素を適量含有させたNo.29~34では、より優れた耐食性向上の効果が得られた。 Even when using the 3000 series, 5000 series and 6000 series substrates, as in the case of using the 7000 series substrate, the effect obtained by incorporating an appropriate amount of Zn in the outer layer and an appropriate amount of Mg in the inner layer The effect of containing any of Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr and Ti in the outer layer or the inner layer was observed. That is, No. 1 in which the outer layer contained an appropriate amount of Zn and the inner layer contained an appropriate amount of Mg. Nos. 26 to 28 are each No. The effect is greater than in 23-25. In addition, No. 1 in which an appropriate amount of one or two or more elements of Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr and Ti is contained in either the outer layer or the inner layer. At 29 to 34, the effect of improving the corrosion resistance was obtained.
 上記熱サイクル腐食試験により、銅イオンを比較的多く含有する海水環境(1ppm)において温度サイクルが付与された場合でも、本実施形態のアルミニウム合金製部材によれば、腐食劣化の進行を防ぐことができることが分かった。これにより、LNG気化器や熱交換器を長寿命化し、またメンテナンス負荷を低減することが可能であることが分かった。 Even when a temperature cycle is imparted in a seawater environment (1 ppm) containing a relatively large amount of copper ions by the thermal cycle corrosion test, according to the aluminum alloy member of the present embodiment, the progress of corrosion deterioration is prevented It turned out that it can be done. It has been found that this makes it possible to prolong the life of the LNG vaporizer and heat exchanger and reduce the maintenance load.

Claims (10)

  1.  アルミニウム合金からなる基材と、
     前記基材の表面に形成された被膜と、を備え、
     前記被膜は、1質量%以上20質量%以下のマグネシウムを含有するアルミニウム合金からなる外層と、
     前記基材と前記外層との間に形成され、1質量%以上20質量%以下の亜鉛を含有するアルミニウム合金からなる内層と、を含むことを特徴とする、アルミニウム合金製部材。
    A substrate made of an aluminum alloy,
    And a film formed on the surface of the substrate,
    The coating is an outer layer made of an aluminum alloy containing 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of magnesium,
    An aluminum alloy member comprising: an inner layer formed between the base and the outer layer and made of an aluminum alloy containing 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of zinc.
  2.  前記外層は、マグネシウムよりも少量の亜鉛をさらに含有し、
     前記内層は、亜鉛よりも少量のマグネシウムをさらに含有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のアルミニウム合金製部材。
    The outer layer further contains a smaller amount of zinc than magnesium,
    The aluminum alloy member according to claim 1, wherein the inner layer further contains a smaller amount of magnesium than zinc.
  3.  前記外層におけるマグネシウム含有量が前記内層におけるマグネシウム含有量よりも多いことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のアルミニウム合金製部材。 The aluminum alloy member according to claim 2, wherein the magnesium content in the outer layer is larger than the magnesium content in the inner layer.
  4.  前記外層及び前記内層のうち少なくともいずれか一方の層は、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下の珪素、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下の鉄、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下の銅、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下のマンガン、0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下のクロム及び0.01質量%以上1.0質量%以下のチタンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の元素をさらに含有することを特徴とする、請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金製部材。 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of silicon, 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of iron, 0.01% by mass or more of the outer layer and the inner layer More than 1.0 mass% of copper, 0.01 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less of manganese, 0.01 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less of chromium and 0.01 mass% or more and 1.0 mass The aluminum alloy member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium and%.
  5.  前記基材は、3000系、5000系及び6000系のうち何れかのアルミニウム合金からなることを特徴とする、請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金製部材。 The aluminum alloy member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the base material is made of any one of 3000 series, 5000 series and 6000 series aluminum alloys.
  6.  前記基材は、3000系、5000系及び6000系のうち何れかのアルミニウム合金からなることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載のアルミニウム合金製部材。 The aluminum alloy member according to claim 4, wherein the base material is made of any one of 3000 series, 5000 series and 6000 series aluminum alloys.
  7.  0℃以下の低温環境で使用されることを特徴とする、請求項1~3及び6のうち何れか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金製部材。 The aluminum alloy member according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 6, which is used in a low temperature environment of 0 ° C or less.
  8.  0℃以下の低温環境で使用されることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載のアルミニウム合金製部材。 The aluminum alloy member according to claim 4, which is used in a low temperature environment of 0 ° C or less.
  9.  LNG気化器の伝熱管又はヘッダー管として構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1~3、6及び8のうち何れか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金製部材。 The aluminum alloy member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 6 and 8, which is configured as a heat transfer pipe or a header pipe of an LNG vaporizer.
  10.  請求項1~3、6及び8のうち何れか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金製部材を備えることを特徴とする、LNG気化器。 An LNG vaporizer comprising the aluminum alloy member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 6 and 8.
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JP2006052788A (en) * 2004-08-11 2006-02-23 Kobe Steel Ltd Aluminum alloy member for liquefied gas vaporizer excellent in corrosion resistance and liquefied gas vaporizer
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JP2014157009A (en) * 2012-12-05 2014-08-28 Kobe Steel Ltd Process of manufacture of heat exchanger tube for lng vaporizer and heat exchanger tube for lng vaporizer

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