WO2016068048A1 - 押出機用スクリュ、スクリュエレメント、押出機および押出方法 - Google Patents
押出機用スクリュ、スクリュエレメント、押出機および押出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016068048A1 WO2016068048A1 PCT/JP2015/080021 JP2015080021W WO2016068048A1 WO 2016068048 A1 WO2016068048 A1 WO 2016068048A1 JP 2015080021 W JP2015080021 W JP 2015080021W WO 2016068048 A1 WO2016068048 A1 WO 2016068048A1
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- screw
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- raw material
- passage element
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- B29K2033/00—Use of polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof as moulding material
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- B29K2069/00—Use of PC, i.e. polycarbonates or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to a screw for an extruder and a screw element used for an extruder screw that knead the raw material while adding a shearing action and an elongation action to the blended raw material. Furthermore, the embodiment of the present invention relates to an extruder and an extrusion method for producing a kneaded product using the extruder screw.
- a compatibilizing agent having affinity or adhesiveness with one or both of the blend components is added. It is necessary to add. However, even if a compatibilizing agent is used, the blend components are not mutually dissolved at the molecular level, so there is a limit to improving the performance and function of the kneaded product produced by the extruder.
- the batch-type high shear molding apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a feedback-type screw housed in a cylinder.
- the screw has a structure in which raw materials blended with incompatible resins are sufficiently kneaded inside the screw.
- the screw has a linear axis line along the material conveyance direction, and rotates inside the cylinder around the axis line.
- a spiral twisted flight is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the screw.
- the raw material supplied to the base end of the screw is conveyed toward the tip of the screw.
- the raw material conveyed by the flight is confined in a gap between the tip end surface of the screw and the sealing member that closes the opening end of the cylinder.
- the screw has a hole with an inner diameter of about 1 mm to 5 mm at its substantially central portion.
- the hole extends in the axial direction of the screw.
- the upstream end of the hole is opened in the gap at the tip end surface of the screw.
- the downstream end of the hole is bifurcated and opened on the outer peripheral surface of the base end of the screw.
- the raw material confined in the gap flows into the hole from the upstream end of the hole as the screw rotates, and returns to the outer peripheral surface of the base end of the screw from the downstream end of the hole.
- the returned raw material is conveyed toward the gap again by flight.
- the raw material supplied to the screw is subjected to a shearing action in the process of being transported by flight and to an extending action in the process of passing through the hole.
- the raw material circulates in a closed space inside the cylinder in a state accompanied by shear flow and elongational flow, and the polymer component of the raw material is nano-dispersed according to the time required for circulation of the raw material.
- Patent Document 1 describes a kneaded product obtained by kneading a polycarbonate resin (PC) and a polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA) using the feedback screw.
- the raw material was circulated for 2 minutes in a closed space inside the cylinder while rotating the screw at 1800 rpm, a transparent kneaded material was obtained, and the rotation speed of the screw was changed from 1800 rpm to 300 rpm.
- the kneaded product is described as having a cloudy appearance instead of being transparent.
- the relationship between the screw rotation speed and the material circulation time is an important factor in determining the degree of kneading of the material. That is, when the rotational speed of the screw is 600 rpm to 3000 rpm, the raw material circulation time is set to 5 seconds to 60 minutes, and when the screw rotational speed is 1200 rpm to 2500 rpm, the raw material circulation time is 5 seconds to 4 minutes. It is necessary to set to minutes.
- the batch type high shear molding apparatus while the raw material circulates in the closed space, an elongation action and a shearing action are alternately and repeatedly applied to the raw material.
- the degree of raw material kneading is not determined only by the raw material circulation time, but the relationship between the screw rotation speed and the raw material circulation time greatly affects the raw material kneading degree.
- the strength of the shearing action and extension action added to the raw material is determined by the shape of the flight, the inner diameter and the length of the hole.
- the screw is an integral structure, and the flight and the hole are formed in one solid shaft member.
- the shape of the flight, the inner diameter and the length of the hole are fixedly determined for each screw. Therefore, when changing the distribution of the shearing action and elongation action added to the raw material, the shape of the flight each time In addition, it is necessary to prepare screws with different inner diameters and lengths of the holes, and the laborious and time-consuming work of exchanging the entire screw is forced.
- the first object of the present invention is to easily change or adjust the shearing action or elongation action added to the raw material, and to make a screw for an extruder with a simple structure and easy manufacturability, maintenance and management. There is in getting.
- a second object of the present invention is to obtain a screw element that has a simple structure and can easily form a passage that adds an elongation action to a raw material.
- the third object of the present invention is to obtain an extruder and an extrusion method capable of easily changing or adjusting the shearing action or elongation action added to the raw material and forming a kneaded material in which the raw material is appropriately kneaded. There is.
- an extruder screw includes a screw main body that rotates about a linear axis along the feed direction of the raw material, and an outer peripheral surface along the circumferential direction of the screw main body. And a conveyance section having a flight for conveying the raw material in the axial direction of the screw body when the screw body rotates, and a passage provided in the screw body.
- the passage includes a first passage element into which the raw material conveyed by the flight flows, a second passage element through which the raw material flowed from the first passage element flows, and a raw material that has flowed through the second passage element.
- the screw main body is coaxially inserted into an outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft so as to rotate following the rotating shaft, and arranged in the axial direction of the rotating shaft.
- a plurality of cylinders. At least a part of the transport unit is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body adjacent on the rotating shaft, and the passage is formed inside the cylindrical body so as to straddle between the adjacent cylindrical bodies.
- the cylindrical bodies adjacent on the rotating shaft have end faces in close contact with each other.
- the second passage element of the passage includes a first portion formed inside one of the adjacent cylindrical bodies and an inside of the other cylindrical body of the adjacent cylindrical bodies. And a formed second portion.
- Each of the first portion and the second portion extends in the axial direction of the corresponding cylindrical body and has an opening end opened in the end surface of the cylindrical body, and the opening ends communicate with each other. Has been.
- the cylindrical bodies adjacent on the rotation axis each have an end wall positioned on the opposite side of the end surface, and are opposite to the opening end of the first portion. An end is closed by the end wall of one of the cylinders, and an end of the second part opposite to the opening end is closed by the end wall of the other cylinder.
- the first passage element of the passage is opened on the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder and communicated with the second passage element inside the cylinder.
- the third passage element of the passage is opened on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body and communicated with the second passage element inside the cylindrical body.
- the screw body further includes a barrier portion that increases the pressure of the raw material by restricting the flow of the raw material due to the flight, and the first passage element is adjacent to the barrier portion. Is provided.
- the rotation shaft includes a first shaft portion having a stopper portion, a second shaft portion that extends coaxially from an end surface of the stopper portion, and into which the cylindrical body is inserted.
- the end plate is fixed to the end surface of the second shaft portion opposite to the stopper portion via a fastener.
- the plurality of cylinders are fastened in the axial direction of the second shaft portion between the end plate and the stopper portion.
- the inner diameter of the second passage element is set smaller than the inner diameter of the first passage element.
- the passage is provided at a position off the axis of the screw body, and the passage revolves around the axis when the cylinder rotates following the rotation shaft. It is configured as follows.
- an extruder screw comprises: A screw main body having a linear axis along the feed direction of the raw material, and provided on an outer peripheral surface along the circumferential direction of the screw main body and rotating the screw main body; The conveyance part which has the flight conveyed to the axial direction of this, and the channel
- the passage includes an inlet through which the raw material conveyed by the flight flows, a passage main body through which the raw material flowing in from the inlet flows, and an outlet through which the raw material flowing through the passage main body returns to the outer peripheral surface of the screw main body, including.
- the screw main body is coaxially inserted into an outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft so as to rotate following the rotating shaft, and arranged in the axial direction of the rotating shaft.
- a screw element according to an embodiment of the present invention is configured to be coaxially inserted into an outer peripheral surface of a rotating shaft of an extruder screw and to rotate integrally with the rotating shaft.
- the screw element has an outer peripheral surface on which a flight for transporting the raw material is provided, and at least one of an inlet through which the raw material flows and an outlet from which the raw material returns to a position off the flight of the outer peripheral surface. And a passage through which the raw material flows while communicating with at least one of the inlet and the outlet.
- an extruder is an extruder that generates a kneaded material by kneading raw materials using the screw, and the screw is rotatably accommodated.
- an extrusion method supplies a raw material to the screw that rotates inside a barrel, and uses the screw to continuously feed the raw material in the axial direction of the screw.
- the raw material is guided to the passage of the screw and returned to the outer peripheral surface of the screw through the passage.
- a plurality of cylinders can be selected and inserted on the rotating shaft, or the plurality of cylinders can be freely rearranged on the rotating shaft.
- the position of the flight and the position of the passage along the axial direction of the screw body can be freely set according to, for example, the kneading degree of the raw material, and the shearing action added to the raw material by the flight or the passage is passed.
- the elongation action added to the raw material can be easily changed or adjusted. Therefore, the desired kneaded material in which the raw materials are appropriately kneaded can be formed.
- the passage when the passage is formed in the screw body, it can be dealt with by processing individual cylinders having a length shorter than the entire length of the passage. Therefore, the passage can be easily formed with high accuracy, and an extruder screw having a simple structure and excellent workability can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a continuous high shear processing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first extruder used in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which the two screws of the first extruder are engaged with each other in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a third extruder used in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the second extruder used in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the second extruder showing both the barrel and the screw in cross section in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a side view of the screw used in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a continuous high shear processing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first extruder used in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line F8-F8 in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a state in which a passage is formed between two cylindrical bodies adjacent on the rotation axis in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a side view of the screw showing the flow direction of the raw material when the screw rotates in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the second extruder schematically showing the flow direction of the raw material when the screw rotates in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing Modification 1 of the screw body in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing Modification Example 2 of the screw body in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion F14A in FIG. 14B is a cross-sectional view taken along line F14B-F14B in FIG. 14A.
- FIG. 15A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion F15A in FIG.
- FIG. 15B is a sectional view taken along line F15B-F15B in FIG. 15A.
- FIG. 16 is sectional drawing which shows roughly the modification 3 of a screw main body in 1st Embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing Modification Example 4 of the screw body in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing Modification Example 5 of the screw body in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a second extruder used in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a second extruder showing both a barrel and a screw in cross section in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a sectional view taken along line F21-F21 in FIG.
- FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a cylinder used in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a structure of a passage formed inside the screw body in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a side view of the screw showing the flow direction of the raw material when the screw rotates in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of the second extruder schematically showing the flow direction of the raw material when the screw rotates in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of the second extruder used in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of a second extruder showing both a barrel and a screw in cross section in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 28 is a side view of a screw used in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 29 is a sectional view taken along line F29-F29 in FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view taken along line F30-F30 in FIG.
- FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view of a second extruder showing, in an enlarged manner, a state in which a passage is formed between three adjacent cylinders on the rotation axis in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 32 is a side view of the screw showing the flow direction of the raw material when the screw rotates in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view of the second extruder schematically showing the flow direction of the raw material when the screw rotates in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view of a second extruder schematically showing a modification of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 35 is a cross-sectional view of the second extruder schematically showing a state where the cylinders are rearranged in the modification of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view of the second extruder used in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a configuration of a continuous high shear processing apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the high shear processing apparatus 1 includes a first extruder 2, a second extruder 3, and a third extruder 4.
- the first extruder 2, the second extruder 3, and the third extruder 4 are connected in series with each other.
- the first extruder 2 is an element for preliminarily kneading, for example, two types of incompatible resins.
- a methacrylate resin such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and a polycarbonate resin (PC) are used.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PC polycarbonate resin
- the two types of resins to be blended are supplied to the first extruder 2 in the form of pellets, for example.
- a co-rotating biaxial kneader is used as the first extruder 2 in order to enhance the degree of resin kneading / melting.
- 2 and 3 disclose an example of a twin-screw kneader.
- the biaxial kneader includes a barrel 6 and two screws 7 a and 7 b housed inside the barrel 6.
- the barrel 6 includes a cylinder portion 8 having a shape obtained by combining two cylinders.
- the resin is continuously supplied to the cylinder portion 8 from a supply port 9 provided at one end portion of the barrel 6. Further, the barrel 6 includes a heater for heating the cylinder portion 8.
- the screws 7a and 7b are accommodated in the cylinder portion 8 while being engaged with each other.
- the screws 7a and 7b receive torque transmitted from a motor (not shown) and rotate in the same direction.
- the screws 7 a and 7 b each include a feed unit 11, a kneading unit 12, and a pumping unit 13.
- the feed unit 11, the kneading unit 12 and the pumping unit 13 are arranged in a line along the axial direction of the screws 7a and 7b.
- the feed unit 11 has a flight 14 twisted in a spiral.
- the flights 14 of the screws 7a and 7b rotate while meshing with each other and convey two types of resins supplied from the supply port 9 toward the kneading unit 12.
- the kneading part 12 has a plurality of disks 15 arranged in the axial direction of the screws 7a and 7b.
- the disks 15 of the screws 7a and 7b rotate while facing each other and preliminarily knead the resin sent from the feed unit 11.
- the kneaded resin is fed into the pumping unit 13 by the rotation of the screws 7a and 7b.
- the pumping unit 13 has a flight 16 twisted in a spiral.
- the flights 16 of the screws 7 a and 7 b rotate while meshing with each other, and push out the premixed resin from the discharge end of the barrel 6.
- the resin supplied to the feed portion 11 of the screws 7a and 7b is melted by receiving heat generated by shearing and the heat of the heater accompanying the rotation of the screws 7a and 7b.
- Resin melted by preliminary kneading in a biaxial kneader constitutes a blended raw material.
- the raw material is continuously supplied from the discharge end of the barrel 6 to the second extruder 3 as indicated by an arrow A in FIG.
- the raw material When the raw material is supplied to the second extruder 3, the raw material is melted by preliminary kneading in the first extruder 2 and has fluidity. Therefore, the burden on the second extruder 3 for kneading the raw materials in earnest can be reduced.
- the second extruder 3 is an element for generating a kneaded material having a microscopic dispersion structure in which the raw material polymer component is nano-dispersed.
- a single screw extruder is used as the second extruder 3.
- the single-screw extruder includes a barrel 20 and a single screw 21.
- the screw 21 has a function of repeatedly adding a shearing action and an elongation action to the melted raw material.
- the configuration of the second extruder 3 including the screw 21 will be described in detail later.
- the third extruder 4 is an element for removing gas components contained in the kneaded product extruded from the second extruder 3.
- a single screw extruder is used as the third extruder 4.
- the single screw extruder includes a barrel 22 and a single vent screw 23 accommodated in the barrel 22.
- the barrel 22 includes a straight cylindrical cylinder portion 24.
- the kneaded material extruded from the second extruder 3 is continuously supplied to the cylinder portion 24 from one end portion along the axial direction of the cylinder portion 24.
- the barrel 22 has a vent port 25.
- the vent port 25 is opened at an intermediate portion along the axial direction of the cylinder portion 24 and is connected to the vacuum pump 26. Further, the other end portion of the cylinder portion 24 of the barrel 22 is closed by a head portion 27.
- the head unit 27 has a discharge port 28 through which the kneaded material is discharged.
- the vent screw 23 is accommodated in the cylinder portion 24.
- the vent screw 23 receives a torque transmitted from a motor (not shown) and is rotated in one direction.
- the vent screw 23 has a flight 29 that is spirally twisted. The flight 29 rotates integrally with the vent screw 23 and continuously conveys the kneaded material supplied to the cylinder portion 24 toward the head portion 27.
- the kneaded material When the kneaded material is conveyed to a position corresponding to the vent port 25, it receives the vacuum pressure of the vacuum pump 26. Thereby, the gaseous substance and other volatile components contained in the kneaded product are continuously removed from the kneaded product.
- the kneaded material from which gaseous substances and other volatile components have been removed is continuously discharged from the discharge port 28 of the head portion 27 to the outside of the high shear processing apparatus 1.
- the barrel 20 of the second extruder 3 is a straight cylinder and is disposed horizontally.
- the barrel 20 is divided into a plurality of barrel elements 31.
- Each barrel element 31 has a cylindrical through hole 32.
- the barrel element 31 is integrally coupled so that the respective through holes 32 are coaxially continuous.
- the through holes 32 of the barrel element 31 cooperate with each other to define a cylindrical cylinder portion 33 inside the barrel 20.
- the cylinder part 33 extends in the axial direction of the barrel 20.
- a supply port 34 is formed at one end along the axial direction of the barrel 20.
- the supply port 34 communicates with the cylinder part 33, and the raw material blended by the first extruder 2 is continuously supplied to the supply port 34.
- the barrel 20 includes a heater (not shown).
- the heater adjusts the temperature of the barrel 20 so that the temperature of the barrel 20 becomes an optimum value for kneading the raw materials.
- the barrel 20 includes a refrigerant passage 35 through which a refrigerant such as water or oil flows.
- the refrigerant passage 35 is disposed so as to surround the cylinder portion 33. The refrigerant flows along the refrigerant passage 35 when the temperature of the barrel 20 exceeds a predetermined upper limit value, and forcibly cools the barrel 20.
- the other end portion along the axial direction of the barrel 20 is closed by a head portion 36.
- the head portion 36 has a discharge port 36a.
- the discharge port 36 a is located on the opposite side of the supply port 34 along the axial direction of the barrel 20 and is connected to the third extruder 4.
- the screw 21 includes a screw body 37.
- the screw main body 37 of the present embodiment includes a single rotating shaft 38 and a plurality of cylindrical cylinders 39.
- the rotary shaft 38 includes a first shaft portion 40 and a second shaft portion 41.
- the first shaft portion 40 is located at the base end of the rotating shaft 38 that is on the one end portion side of the barrel 20.
- the first shaft portion 40 includes a joint portion 42 and a stopper portion 43.
- the joint part 42 is connected to a drive source such as a motor via a coupling (not shown).
- the stopper portion 43 is provided coaxially with the joint portion 42.
- the stopper portion 43 has a larger diameter than the joint portion 42.
- the second shaft portion 41 extends coaxially from the end surface of the stopper portion 43 of the first shaft portion 40.
- the second shaft portion 41 has a length that covers substantially the entire length of the barrel 20 and has a tip that faces the head portion 36.
- a straight axis O1 that passes through the first shaft portion 40 and the second shaft portion 41 coaxially extends horizontally in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 38. Therefore, the screw body 37 is provided coaxially with respect to the axis O1.
- the second shaft portion 41 is a solid cylindrical element having a diameter smaller than that of the stopper portion 43. As shown in FIG. 8, a pair of keys 45 a and 45 b are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the second shaft portion 41. The keys 45 a and 45 b extend in the axial direction of the second shaft portion 41 at positions shifted by 180 ° in the circumferential direction of the second shaft portion 41.
- the cylinder 39 is an element that defines the outer diameter of the screw main body 37, and is inserted coaxially on the second shaft portion 41. As shown in FIG. According to the present embodiment, the outer diameters D1 of all the cylinders 39 are set to be the same.
- the cylindrical body 39 has end faces 39a at both ends along the axial direction thereof.
- the end surface 39a is a flat surface along a direction orthogonal to the axis O1.
- a pair of key grooves 47 a and 47 b are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 39.
- the key grooves 47 a and 47 b extend in the axial direction of the cylindrical body 39 at positions shifted by 180 ° in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body 39 and are opened on both end surfaces 39 a of the cylindrical body 39.
- the cylindrical body 39 is inserted onto the second shaft portion 41 from the direction of the distal end of the second shaft portion 41 with the key grooves 47a and 47b aligned with the keys 45a and 45b of the second shaft portion 41.
- the first collar 48 is interposed between the cylindrical body 39 inserted first on the second shaft portion 41 and the end surface of the stopper portion 43 of the first shaft portion 40.
- the second collar 50 is fixed to the distal end surface of the second shaft portion 41 via a fixing screw 49 in a state where all the cylindrical bodies 39 are inserted on the second shaft portion 41.
- the fixing screw 49 is an example of a fastener
- the second collar 50 is an example of an end plate.
- the cylindrical body 39 is not limited to being fixed to the rotary shaft 38 by the keys 45a and 45b.
- the cylinder 39 may be fixed to the rotary shaft 38 using a spline as shown in FIG.
- the screw 21 is accommodated in the cylinder part 33 of the barrel 20.
- the screw main body 37 of the screw 21 is coaxially positioned with respect to the cylinder portion 33, and a conveyance path 51 is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the screw main body 37 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder portion 33.
- the transport path 51 has a circular cross-sectional shape along the radial direction of the cylinder part 33, and extends in the axial direction of the cylinder part 33. Further, the joint portion 42 and the stopper portion 43 of the rotating shaft 38 protrude from the barrel 20 to the outside of the barrel 20.
- the screw 21 when the screw 21 is viewed from the direction of the proximal end of the rotating shaft 38, the screw 21 receives the torque from the drive source and rotates counterclockwise as indicated by an arrow in FIG.
- the rotational speed of the screw 21 is preferably 600 rpm to 3000 rpm.
- the screw main body 37 includes a plurality of conveyance units 52 that convey the raw material, a plurality of barrier portions 53 that restrict the flow of the raw material, and a plurality of circulation units that temporarily circulate the raw material. 54.
- the conveyance unit 52, the barrier unit 53, and the circulation unit 54 are arranged side by side in the axial direction of the screw body 37.
- the axial direction of the screw body 37 can be rephrased as the longitudinal direction of the screw body 37.
- Each conveyance part 52 has the flight 55 twisted helically.
- the flight 55 projects from the outer peripheral surface along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body 39 toward the conveyance path 51.
- the flight 55 is twisted so as to convey the raw material from the proximal end to the distal end of the screw body 37 when the screw 21 rotates counterclockwise. In other words, the flight 55 is twisted to the right in the same way as the right-handed screw.
- a plurality of conveying portions 52 are continuously arranged at the proximal end and the distal end of the screw main body 37, respectively.
- the supply port 34 of the barrel 20 faces an intermediate portion along the axial direction of one transport unit 52 at the base end of the screw main body 37.
- the length of the conveyance unit 52 along the axial direction of the screw body 37 is appropriately set according to, for example, the type of raw material, the degree of kneading of the raw material, the production amount of the kneaded material per unit time, and the like. Further, the transport unit 52 is a region where the flight 55 is formed at least on the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 39, but is not specified as a region between the start point and the end point of the flight 55.
- an area outside the flight 55 on the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 39 may be regarded as the transport unit 52.
- the spacer and the collar may be included in the transport unit 52.
- the barrier portions 53 are arranged at intervals in the axial direction of the screw main body 37 at an intermediate portion between the base end and the distal end of the screw main body 37.
- the barrier 53 has a flight 56 that is twisted in a spiral.
- the flight 56 projects from the outer peripheral surface along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body 39 toward the conveyance path 51.
- the flight 56 is twisted so as to convey the raw material from the distal end of the screw body 37 toward the proximal end when the screw 21 rotates counterclockwise. In other words, the flight 56 is twisted to the left in the same way as the left-handed twist of the flight 56.
- the pitch of the flights 56 of the barrier unit 53 is the same as or smaller than the pitch of the flights 55 of the transport unit 52.
- the total length of the barrier portion 53 along the axial direction of the screw body 37 is shorter than the total length of the transport portion 52.
- the clearance between the top portion of the flight 56 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder portion 33 is slightly smaller than the clearance between the top portion of the flight 55 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder portion 33.
- the length of the barrier portion 53 along the axial direction of the screw main body 37 is appropriately set according to, for example, the type of raw material, the degree of kneading of the raw material, the production amount of the kneaded material per unit time, and the like.
- the barrier unit 53 functions to block the flow of the raw material sent by the transport unit 52. That is, the barrier portion 53 is adjacent to the conveyance portion 52 on the downstream side in the material conveyance direction, and the material fed by the conveyance portion 52 passes through the clearance between the top of the flight 56 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder portion 33. It is configured to prevent you from doing.
- the circulation part 54 is adjacent to the barrier part 53 from the direction of the base end of the rotation shaft 38.
- Each circulation portion 54 has first to third flights 58, 59, 60 twisted in a spiral shape.
- the first flight 58, the second flight 59, and the third flight 60 are arranged in this order from the barrier portion 53 toward the base end of the screw main body 37.
- the first to third flights 58, 59, 60 project from the outer peripheral surface along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body 39 toward the conveyance path 51.
- the first flight 58 is formed so as to straddle between two cylindrical bodies 39 adjacent on the rotating shaft 38.
- the cylinders 39 in which the first flights 58 are formed have equal lengths L along the axial direction of the rotation shaft 38.
- the first to third flights 58, 59, 60 are continuously arranged in the axial direction of the screw body 37, and when the screw 21 rotates counterclockwise, the raw material is directed from the proximal end to the distal end of the screw body 37. Is twisted to transport. In other words, the first to third flights 58, 59, and 60 are twisted to the right in the same way as the right-hand thread in each twist direction.
- the pitch of the first flight 58 is the same as or larger than the pitch of the flight 56 of the adjacent barrier portion 53.
- the pitch of the second flight 59 is smaller than the pitch of the first flight 58.
- the pitch of the third flight 60 is larger than the pitch of the second flight 59. A slight clearance is secured between the tops of the first to third flights 58, 59, 60 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder part 33.
- the various flights 55, 56, 58, 59, 60 are projected from the outer peripheral surface of the plurality of cylindrical bodies 39 having the same outer diameter D ⁇ b> 1 toward the conveyance path 51. For this reason, the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 39 defines the valley diameter of the screw 21. The valley diameter of the screw 21 is maintained at a constant value over the entire length of the screw 21.
- the screw body 37 has a plurality of passages 62 extending in the axial direction of the screw body 37.
- the passages 62 are provided at positions corresponding to the first flights 58 of the circulation portion 54 and are arranged at intervals in the axial direction of the screw body 37.
- each passage 62 is formed inside these two cylinders 39 so as to straddle between the two cylinders 39 in which the first flights 58 are formed. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 9, each passage 62 is defined by first to third passage elements 63, 64, 65.
- the first passage element 63 can be rephrased as the entrance of the passage 62.
- the first passage element 63 is opened on the outer peripheral surface of one cylindrical body 39 adjacent to the barrier portion 53 among the two adjacent cylindrical bodies 39.
- the opening end of the first passage element 63 is deviated from the first flight 58 and is positioned immediately before the adjacent barrier portion 53.
- the first passage element 63 is formed by machining the outer peripheral surface of one cylindrical body 39 using, for example, a drill. Therefore, the first passage element 63 is a hole having a circular cross-sectional shape, and extends in the radial direction of the cylindrical body 39 from the outer peripheral surface of one cylindrical body 39 so as to be orthogonal to the axis O1.
- the bottom 63a of the first passage element 63 is an inclined surface that is scraped into a cone at the tip of the drill.
- the second passage element 64 can be rephrased as a passage body through which the raw material flows. As shown in FIG. 9, the second passage element 64 extends in parallel with the axis O ⁇ b> 1 of the screw body 37 so as to straddle between two adjacent cylindrical bodies 39. Therefore, the second passage element 64 is provided in a straight line in the axial direction of the screw main body 37 without branching in the middle, and has a predetermined overall length.
- the second passage element 64 includes a first portion 66 a formed inside one cylindrical body 39 and a second portion formed inside the other cylindrical body 39. And a portion 66b.
- the first portion 66 a of the second passage element 64 extends linearly in the axial direction of one cylindrical body 39 and opens on the end surface 39 a on the other cylindrical body 39 side of the one cylindrical body 39.
- the end of the first portion 66 a opposite to the open end is closed by the end wall 39 b of one cylinder 39.
- the end wall 39b is located on the opposite side of the opening end of the first portion 66a.
- the first portion 66a of the second passage element 64 is formed by machining the one cylindrical body 39 from the end surface 39a side of the one cylindrical body 39 using, for example, a drill. ing. For this reason, the first portion 66a is defined by a hole having a circular cross-sectional shape.
- the second portion 66 b of the second passage element 64 extends linearly in the axial direction of the other cylindrical body 39 and opens to the end surface 39 a on the one cylindrical body 39 side of the other cylindrical body 39. Has been.
- the end of the second portion 66 b opposite to the open end is closed by the end wall 39 b of the other cylinder 39.
- the end wall 39b is located on the opposite side of the open end of the second portion 66b.
- the second portion 66b of the second passage element 64 is formed by machining the other cylinder 39 from the end surface 39a side of the other cylinder 39, for example, using a drill. ing. For this reason, the second portion 66b is defined by a hole having a circular cross-sectional shape like the first portion 66a.
- the opening end of the first portion 66a and the opening end of the second portion 66b are coaxially connected to each other when two adjacent cylindrical bodies 39 are tightened in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 38. It is faced.
- the third passage element 65 can be rephrased as the exit of the passage 62.
- the third passage element 65 is opened on the outer peripheral surface of the other cylindrical body 39 of the two adjacent cylindrical bodies 39.
- the open end of the third passage element 65 is deviated from the first flight 58 and is positioned immediately before the second flight 59 of the circulation portion 54. Accordingly, the first passage element 63 and the third passage element 65 are separated from each other in the axial direction of the screw body 37.
- the third passage element 65 is formed by machining the outer peripheral surface of the other cylindrical body 39 using, for example, a drill. Therefore, the third passage element 65 is a hole having a circular cross-sectional shape, and extends from the outer peripheral surface of the other cylinder 39 in the radial direction of the cylinder 39.
- the bottom 65a of the third passage element 65 is an inclined surface that is scraped into a cone at the tip of the drill.
- the end portion of the second passage element 64 opposite to the opening end of the first portion 66 a is connected to the first passage element 63 inside one cylindrical body 39. .
- the first portions 66a of the first passage element 63 and the second passage element 64 are in communication with each other while maintaining a circular cross-sectional shape. Further, the first portion 66 a of the second passage element 64 is connected to the first passage element 63 at a position off the conical bottom 63 a of the first passage element 63.
- the first passage element 63 is raised from the end portion of the first portion 66a of the second passage element 64 in the radial direction of the cylindrical body 39 and opened to the outer peripheral surface of the screw body 37. In other words, it can be rephrased as a rising portion of 1.
- the first passage element 63 communicates with the second passage element 64 at a position shifted from the end of the first portion 66a of the second passage element 64 toward the opening end of the first portion 66a. Also good. In this case, as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 9, the end of the first portion 66 a of the second passage element 64 crosses the first passage element 63 toward the end wall 39 b of the cylindrical body 39. It becomes a protruding form.
- the end of the second passage element 64 opposite to the opening end of the second portion 66b is connected to the third passage element 65 inside the other cylindrical body 39.
- the ends of the third passage element 65 and the second portion 66b of the second passage element 64 are in communication with each other while maintaining a circular cross-sectional shape.
- the second portion 66 b of the second passage element 64 is connected to the third passage element 65 at a position off the conical bottom 65 a of the third passage element 65.
- the third passage element 65 is raised from the end of the second portion 66b of the second passage element 64 in the radial direction of the cylindrical body 39 and opened to the outer peripheral surface of the screw body 37. In other words, it can be rephrased as a rising portion of 2.
- the third passage element 65 communicates with the second passage element 64 at a position shifted from the end of the second portion 66b of the second passage element 64 toward the opening end of the second portion 66b. Also good. In this case, as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 9, the end of the second portion 66 b of the second passage element 64 crosses the third passage element 65 toward the end wall 39 b of the cylindrical body 39. It becomes a protruding form.
- the passage 62 is eccentric from the axis O 1 of the rotation shaft 38. For this reason, the channel
- the inner diameter of the hole constituting the second passage element 64 may be set to, for example, 1 mm or more and less than 6 mm, preferably 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less. Furthermore, the internal diameter of the 2nd channel
- the cylindrical body 39 has the cylindrical wall surface 67 that defines the shape of the holes constituting the first to third passage elements 63, 64, 65.
- the wall surface 67 continuously surrounds the first to third passage elements 63, 64, 65 in the circumferential direction.
- the first to third passage elements 63, 64, 65 surrounded by the wall surface 67 are hollow spaces that allow only the flow of the raw material, and the elements constituting the screw body 37 in the space are not exist.
- the wall surface 67 revolves around the axis O1 without rotating about the axis O1 when the screw body 37 rotates.
- the cylindrical wall surface 67 constituting the first passage element 63 defines a circular opening at the connection point between the first passage element 63 and the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 39.
- a cylindrical wall surface 67 constituting the third passage element 65 defines a circular opening at a connection portion between the third passage element 65 and the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 39.
- the plurality of cylinders 39 in which the first flights 58 are formed are detached from the rotary shaft 38 and the screw 21 is disassembled, at least one of the first passage element 63 and the third passage element 65 is
- the cylindrical body 39 provided with the second passage element 64 therein can be rephrased as a screw element.
- a plurality of cylinders 39 in which other flights 55, 56, 59, 60 are formed can also be referred to as a screw element when removed from the rotary shaft 38.
- the raw material having fluidity blended in the first extruder 2 is continuously supplied from the supply port 34 of the second extruder 3 to the conveyance path 51.
- the raw material supplied to the second extruder 3 is thrown into the outer peripheral surface of one transport unit 52 located at the base end of the screw body 37.
- the flight 55 of the transport unit 52 directs the raw material charged from the supply port 34 toward the adjacent circulation unit 54.
- the first to third flights 58, 59, 60 of the circulation unit 54 continue to convey the raw material in the direction of the tip of the screw body 37 as indicated by solid line arrows in FIGS. 10 and 11.
- the raw material subjected to the shearing action reaches the boundary between the circulation part 54 and the barrier part 53 along the conveyance path 51.
- the flight 56 of the barrier portion 53 conveys the raw material from the distal end of the screw main body 37 toward the proximal end when the screw 21 rotates counterclockwise, so that the flight 56 blocks the raw material fed by the first flight 58.
- the flight 56 of the barrier portion 53 restricts the flow of the raw material fed by the first flight 58 when the screw 21 rotates counterclockwise, and the raw material is between the barrier portion 53 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder portion 33. Obstruct the passage through the clearance.
- FIG. 11 shows the filling rate of the raw material in the portion corresponding to the passage 62 in the conveyance path 51 with gradation, and the filling rate of the raw material increases as the color tone increases.
- the filling rate of the raw material increases as it approaches the barrier portion 53 from the second flight 59 of the circulation portion 54, and the filling rate of the raw material increases immediately before the barrier portion 53. 100%.
- a raw material reservoir R having a raw material filling rate of 100% is formed immediately before the barrier portion 53.
- the pressure of the raw material is increased by blocking the flow of the raw material.
- the raw material whose pressure has increased flows from the first passage element 63 serving as the inlet of the passage 62 into the second passage element 64, as indicated by broken arrows in FIGS.
- the raw material that has flowed into the second passage element 64 flows through the second passage element 64 from the distal end of the screw body 37 toward the proximal end.
- the flow direction of the raw material in the second passage element 64 is opposite to the flow direction of the raw material sent by the flights 55, 58, 59, 60.
- the cross-sectional area along the radial direction of the second passage element 64 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the conveyance path 51 along the radial direction of the cylinder part 33.
- the inner diameter of the second passage element 64 is much smaller than the outer diameter of the screw body 37, the raw material is rapidly squeezed when the raw material passes through the second passage element 64. Accordingly, an extension action is added to the raw material passing through the second passage element 64.
- the barrier is formed even though the raw material accumulated in the raw material reservoir R flows into the first passage element 63.
- the raw material reservoir R immediately before the portion 53 does not disappear.
- the raw material that has passed through the second passage element 64 is returned to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 39 constituting the circulation portion 54 through the third passage element 65 as an outlet.
- the returned raw material is transported toward the barrier portion 53 positioned in the direction of the tip of the screw body 37 by the first flight 58, and is subjected to a shearing action again during the transport process.
- a part of the raw material conveyed toward the barrier portion 53 is again guided from the first passage element 63 to the second passage element 64 and is temporarily circulated at the circulation portion 54.
- the remaining raw material conveyed toward the barrier 53 passes through the clearance between the top of the flight 56 of the barrier 53 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 33 and flows into the adjacent circulation part 54.
- the plurality of barrier portions 53 and the plurality of circulation portions 54 are alternately arranged in the axial direction of the screw main body 37.
- the plurality of passages 62 are arranged at intervals in the axial direction of the screw body 37 at positions corresponding to the first flights 58 of the plurality of circulation portions 54.
- the raw material charged into the screw main body 37 from the supply port 34 is continuously conveyed without being interrupted in the direction from the base end to the front end of the screw main body 37 while alternately receiving a shearing action and an extending action. Therefore, the degree of kneading of the raw materials is strengthened, and the dispersion of the polymer components of the raw materials is promoted.
- the second passage elements 64 of the plurality of passages 62 are opened to the outer peripheral surface of the screw main body 37 via the first passage element 63 and the third passage element 65, respectively. Therefore, in each passage 62, the raw material that has flowed into the second passage element 64 from the first passage element 63 always returns to the outer peripheral surface of the screw body 37 through the third passage element 65, so that a plurality of passages are provided. 62 does not mix the raw materials.
- the raw material that has reached the tip of the screw main body 37 becomes a kneaded material that is sufficiently kneaded and is guided into the gap between the cylinder portion 33 and the head portion 36. Further, the kneaded material is continuously supplied to the third extruder 4 from the discharge port 36 a of the head portion 36.
- gaseous substances and other volatile components contained in the kneaded product are continuously removed from the kneaded product.
- the kneaded product from which the gaseous substances and other volatile components have been removed is continuously discharged from the discharge port 28 of the head portion 27 to the outside of the high shear processing apparatus 1 without interruption.
- the discharged kneaded material is immersed in the cooling water stored in the water tank. Thereby, a kneaded material is forcedly cooled and a desired resin molded product is obtained.
- the passage 62 for adding an extension action to the raw material extends in the axial direction of the screw main body 37 at a position eccentric with respect to the axis O1 serving as the rotation center of the screw main body 37. Therefore, the passage 62 revolves around the axis O1. That is, the cylindrical wall surface 67 that defines the passage 62 revolves around the axis O1 without rotating about the axis O1.
- the raw material passes through the passage 62, the raw material receives a centrifugal force, but the shearing force accompanying the rotation of the wall surface 67 does not act on the raw material. Therefore, the raw material that passes through the passage 62 and returns to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 39 of the circulation portion 54 is mainly subjected to an extending action. As a result, the location where the shearing action is added to the raw material and the location where the elongation action is added to the raw material are clearly determined, and the kneading degree of the raw material can be accurately controlled.
- the plurality of passages 62 eccentric to the axis O1 are arranged in a straight line, it is possible to evenly extend the raw material passing through the plurality of passages 62. That is, variation in kneading conditions among the plurality of passages 62 can be eliminated, and uniform kneading can be performed.
- the screw body 37 of the screw 21 is configured by sequentially inserting a plurality of cylindrical bodies 39 having the same outer diameter D1 on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 38.
- the plurality of cylinders 39 have various flights 55, 56, 58, 59, and 60 that add a shearing action to the raw material.
- the two adjacent cylinders 39 in which the first flight 58 is formed have a passage 62 for adding an extending action to the raw material.
- the cylindrical body 39 having the worn first flight 58 is replaced with a new first flight. What is necessary is just to replace
- the passage 62 for adding an extending action to the raw material is formed between the two cylinders 39 provided with the first flight 58.
- the relative positional relationship between the first flight 58 and the passage 62 is fixedly determined in both the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the screw body 37. Therefore, even though the passage 62 is provided in the screw main body 37, a special alignment operation between the first flight 58 and the passage 62 is not necessary.
- the circulating portion 54 of the screw body 37 is configured by combining a plurality of cylindrical bodies 39 as screw elements.
- the passage 62 can be formed at a predetermined position of the circulation portion 54 by simply inserting the cylindrical body 39 regularly onto the second shaft portion 41 of the rotating shaft 38.
- a plurality of cylinders 39 are fastened in the axial direction of the second shaft portion 41, whereby a passage 62 straddling between two adjacent cylinders 39 is formed. That is, when the passage 62 is formed in the screw main body 37, the two cylinders 39 that are significantly shorter than the entire length of the screw main body 37 may be machined using, for example, a drill. Therefore, workability at the time of forming the passage 62 and handling of the workpiece are facilitated.
- the second passage element 64 of the passage 62 is not necessarily formed parallel to the axis O1 of the screw body 37.
- the second passage element 64 is inclined in the radial direction of the cylindrical body 39 with respect to the axis O1, and the first passage element 63 of the second passage element 64 is obtained. You may make it open the edge part on the opposite side to the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 39 directly.
- the third passage element 65 serving as the material outlet can be omitted, and the shape of the passage 62 can be simplified.
- FIG. 12 shows Modification 1 having relevance to the first embodiment.
- the lengths of the two cylinders 39 in which the first flights 58 are formed are different from each other. More specifically, the entire length L1 of one cylinder 39 in which the first portion 66a of the second passage element 64 is formed is equal to the other length L1 of the second passage element 64 in which the second portion 66b of the second passage element 64 is formed. It is set longer than the total length L2 of the cylindrical body 39.
- the passage 62 through which the raw material flows is formed across the two cylinders 39 provided with the first flight 58. For this reason, in any of the two cylindrical bodies 39, the relative positional relationship between the first flight 58 and the passage 62 is fixedly determined in both the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the screw body 37.
- the first flights 58 are prepared. It is possible to adjust the lengths of the two cylindrical bodies 39 having the following three stages. More specifically, a combination of the full length L1 cylinder 39 and the full length L2 cylinder 39, a combination of the full length L1 cylinder 39 and the full length L3 cylinder 39, and a full length L2 cylinder 39 and the full length L3. Combination with the cylindrical body 39 becomes possible. Therefore, the total length of the passage 62 can be easily changed.
- FIG. 13, FIG. 14A, FIG. 14B, FIG. 15A, and FIG. 15B show Modification Example 2 that is related to the first embodiment.
- the end of the second passage element 64 opposite to the open end of the first portion 66 a is perpendicular to the first passage element 63.
- the passage element 63 is connected to the conical bottom 63a.
- the bottom 63 a of the first passage element 63 has a circular opening 64 a that communicates with the second passage element 64.
- the opening 64 a faces the other part of the bottom 63 a that is inclined so as to expand toward the outer peripheral surface of the screw body 37.
- the end of the second passage element 64 opposite to the open end of the second portion 66 b is connected to the conical bottom 65 a of the third passage element 65 so as to be orthogonal to the third passage element 65. ing.
- the bottom 65 a of the third passage element 65 has a circular opening 64 b that communicates with the second passage element 64.
- the opening 64 b faces the other part of the bottom 65 a that is inclined so as to expand toward the outer peripheral surface of the screw body 37.
- the raw material that has flowed into the first passage element 63 reaches the bottom 63a of the first passage element 63 along the inclination of the bottom 63a as shown by an arrow in FIG. 14A. Guided in the direction of For this reason, the raw material flows smoothly into the second passage element 64 without staying at the bottom 63 a of the first passage element 63.
- the raw material that has passed through the second passage element 64 flows into the bottom 65a of the third passage element 65 from the opening 64b. Since the bottom 65a facing the opening 64b is inclined toward the outer peripheral surface of the screw body 37, the raw material that has flowed into the third passage element 65 follows the inclination of the bottom 65a as shown by an arrow in FIG. 15A. Then, it is guided in the direction of the outer peripheral surface of the screw body 37. For this reason, the raw material smoothly returns to the outer peripheral surface of the screw main body 37 without staying at the bottom 65 a of the third passage element 65.
- the shapes of the bottom 63a of the first passage element 63 and the bottom 65a of the third passage element 65 are not limited to a cone.
- the bottoms 63a and 65a may be formed in a spherical shape by cutting the bottoms 63a and 65a of the first and third passage elements 63 and 65.
- FIG. 16 shows a third modified example having relevance to the first embodiment.
- Modification 3 is different from the first embodiment in the configuration of the second portion 66b of the second passage element 64.
- the second portion 66b has a straight portion 66c and a tapered portion 66d.
- the straight portion 66 c and the tapered portion 66 d are formed by cutting the cylindrical body 39 from the end surface 39 a side of the cylindrical body 39.
- the straight portion 66 c is connected to the third passage element 65.
- the straight portion 66 c has an inner diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of the first portion 66 a of the second passage element 64.
- the tapered portion 66d is opened in the end surface 39a of the other cylindrical body 39 and is communicated coaxially with the straight portion 66c.
- the taper portion 66d has an inner diameter that continuously decreases from the end surface 39a of the other cylindrical body 39 toward the straight portion 66c. For this reason, the inner diameter of the second passage element 64, which is a main element that adds a stretching action to the raw material, is changed at an intermediate portion along the flow direction of the raw material.
- the tapered portion 66d is formed by forming a prepared hole in the end surface 39a of the other cylindrical body 39 and then cutting the inner peripheral surface of the prepared hole using a tapered reamer.
- the lower hole also serves as the straight portion 66c.
- the second portion 66b of the second passage element 64 has the tapered portion 66d upstream of the straight portion 66c, and the tapered portion 66d is positioned at the intermediate portion of the second passage element 64. ing. For this reason, the inner diameter of the second passage element 64 is gradually reduced at the intermediate portion thereof, so that the raw material can smoothly pass through the second passage element 64 and strengthen the extension action added to the raw material. it can.
- FIG. 17 shows a fourth modified example having relevance to the first embodiment.
- a passage 62 is formed inside one cylinder 39.
- the second passage element 64 of the passage 62 is formed, for example, by machining the tubular body 39 using a drill from the one end surface 39a side of the tubular body 39.
- a through-hole 68 having a circular cross-sectional shape that penetrates the cylinder 39 in the axial direction is formed inside the cylinder 39.
- the through holes 68 are opened on both end surfaces 39 a of the cylindrical body 39.
- the through hole 68 intersects the first passage element 63 and the third passage element 65 inside the cylindrical body 39.
- a second passage element 64 connecting the first passage element 63 and the third passage element 65 is defined in one cylindrical body 39.
- a passage 62 is formed in one cylindrical body 39 by drilling the cylindrical body 39 from one end surface 39a side of the single cylindrical body 39 using a drill. be able to. For this reason, in forming the passage 62 in the screw body 37, it is not necessary to divide the cylinder into two, and the number of the cylinders 39 can be reduced.
- the end of the through hole 68 may be blocked by the end wall 39 b of the cylindrical body 39 without opening the other end surface 39 a of the cylindrical body 39.
- the plug body 69b can be eliminated, and the number of parts constituting the passage 62 can be reduced.
- FIG. 18 shows a fifth modification obtained by further developing the fourth modification.
- the through-hole 68 that penetrates one cylindrical body 39 has an upstream portion 68a, a downstream portion 68b, and an intermediate portion 68c.
- the upstream portion 68 a, the downstream portion 68 b, and the intermediate portion 68 c are aligned in a line along the axial direction of the cylindrical body 39.
- the upstream portion 68 a intersects the first passage element 63 inside the cylindrical body 39 and is opened on one end surface 39 a of the cylindrical body 39.
- the open end of the upstream portion 68a is liquid-tightly closed with a plug 69a.
- the downstream portion 68b has a smaller inner diameter than the upstream portion 68a.
- the downstream portion 68 b intersects with the third passage element 65 inside the cylindrical body 39 and opens to the other end surface 39 a of the cylindrical body 39.
- the opening end of the downstream portion 68c is liquid-tightly closed with a plug body 69b.
- the intermediate part 68c is located between the upstream part 68a and the downstream part 68b.
- the intermediate portion 68c has a continuously decreasing inner diameter as it proceeds from the upstream portion 68a to the downstream portion 68b. For this reason, the inner diameter of the second passage element 64, which is a main element that adds a stretching action to the raw material, is changed at an intermediate portion along the flow direction of the raw material.
- the inner diameter of the second passage element 64 of the passage 62 is gradually reduced from the upstream toward the downstream. Therefore, the raw material can smoothly pass through the second passage element 64, and the elongation action added to the raw material can be enhanced.
- [Second Embodiment] 19 to 25 disclose a second embodiment.
- the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in matters relating to the screw main body 37.
- the other configuration of the second extruder 3 is basically the same as that of the first embodiment. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the plurality of cylinders 39 constituting the screw main body 37 has a second shaft between the first collar 48 and the second collar 50 in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the portion 41 is tightened in the axial direction.
- the end surface 39a of the adjacent cylinder 39 is closely_contact
- the screw main body 37 includes a plurality of conveyance units 71 that convey the raw material, and a plurality of barrier units 72 that restrict the flow of the raw material.
- the conveyance portions 71 and the barrier portions 72 are alternately arranged in the axial direction of the screw main body 37.
- each transport unit 71 has a flight 73 twisted in a spiral.
- the flight 73 protrudes from the outer peripheral surface along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body 39 toward the conveyance path 51.
- the flight 73 is twisted so as to convey the raw material from the proximal end of the screw main body 37 toward the distal end when the screw 21 rotates counterclockwise. In other words, the flight 73 is twisted to the right in the same way as the right-handed twist of the flight 73.
- the length of the conveying unit 71 along the axial direction of the screw body 37 is appropriately set according to, for example, the type of raw material, the degree of kneading of the raw material, the production amount of the kneaded material per unit time, and the like. Furthermore, the transport unit 71 is a region where the flight 73 is formed at least on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 39, but is not specified as a region between the start point and the end point of the flight 73.
- an area outside the flight 73 on the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 39 may be regarded as the transport unit 71.
- the spacer and the collar may be included in the transport unit 71.
- Each barrier portion 72 has a flight 74 twisted in a spiral.
- the flight 74 projects from the outer peripheral surface along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body 39 toward the conveyance path 51.
- the flight 74 is twisted so as to convey the raw material from the distal end of the screw body 37 toward the proximal end when the screw 21 rotates counterclockwise. In other words, the flight 74 is twisted to the left so that the twist direction of the flight 74 is the same as that of the left-hand thread.
- the pitch of the flights 74 in the barrier section 72 is the same as or smaller than the pitch of the flights 73 in the transport section 71. Further, a slight clearance is secured between the tops of the flights 73 and 74 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder part 33.
- the length of the barrier portion 72 along the axial direction of the screw body 37 is appropriately set according to, for example, the type of raw material, the degree of kneading of the raw material, the production amount of the kneaded material per unit time, and the like.
- the barrier unit 72 functions to block the flow of the raw material sent by the transport unit 71. That is, the barrier portion 72 is adjacent to the transport portion 71 on the downstream side in the raw material transport direction, and the raw material fed by the transport portion 71 passes through the clearance between the top of the flight 74 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder portion 33. It is configured to prevent you from doing.
- a plurality of conveying portions 71 are continuously arranged in the axial direction of the screw main body 37.
- the supply port 34 of the barrel 20 faces an intermediate portion along the axial direction of one conveying portion 71 at the base end of the screw main body 37.
- a plurality of conveying portions 71 are continuously arranged in the axial direction of the screw main body 37.
- the flight 73 constituting the conveyance portion 71 and the flight 74 constituting the barrier portion 72 are continuous to the outer circumferential surface along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body 39. Is formed. That is, two types of flights 73 and 74 having different functions are continuously formed in the axial direction on the outer peripheral surface of one cylindrical body 39.
- the flight 74 constituting the barrier portion 72 is positioned on the tip side of the screw body 37 with respect to the flight 73 constituting the transport portion 71.
- the screw body 37 has a plurality of passages 76 extending in the axial direction of the screw body 37.
- Each passage 76 is formed inside the cylinder 39 so as to straddle between the two cylinders 39 in which two types of flights 73 and 74 are formed.
- each passage 76 is defined by first to third passage elements 77, 78 and 79.
- the first passage element 77 can be rephrased as the entrance of the passage 76.
- the first passage element 77 is opened on the outer peripheral surface of one of the two adjacent cylinders 39.
- the opening end of the first passage element 77 is located at the boundary between the transport part 71 and the barrier part 72 and is out of the flight 73 of the transport part 71 and the flight 74 of the barrier part 72.
- the first passage element 77 is formed by machining the outer peripheral surface of one cylindrical body 39 using, for example, a drill. Therefore, the first passage element 77 is a hole having a circular cross-sectional shape, and extends in the radial direction of the cylinder 39 from the outer peripheral surface of one cylinder 39 so as to be orthogonal to the axis O1.
- the bottom 77a of the first passage element 77 is an inclined surface that is scraped into a cone at the tip of the drill.
- the second passage element 78 can be rephrased as a passage main body through which the raw material flows.
- the second passage element 78 extends in parallel with the axis O ⁇ b> 1 along the axial direction of the screw body 37 so as to straddle between two adjacent cylindrical bodies 39. Therefore, the second passage element 78 is provided in a straight line without branching in the middle, and has a predetermined overall length.
- the second passage element 78 includes a first portion 81 a formed inside one cylindrical body 39 and a second portion formed inside the other cylindrical body 39. Part 81b.
- the first portion 81 a of the second passage element 78 extends linearly in the axial direction of one cylindrical body 39, and opens to the end surface 39 a on the other cylindrical body 39 side of the one cylindrical body 39. Has been. The end of the first portion 81 a opposite to the open end is closed by an intermediate portion along the axial direction of one cylindrical body 39.
- the first portion 81a of the second passage element 78 is formed by machining the one cylinder 39 from the end surface 39a side of the one cylinder 39 using, for example, a drill. ing. For this reason, the first portion 81a is defined by a hole having a circular cross-sectional shape.
- the second portion 81 b of the second passage element 78 extends linearly in the axial direction of the other cylindrical body 39, and opens on the end surface 39 a on the one cylindrical body 39 side of the other cylindrical body 39. Has been. The end of the second portion 81 b opposite to the open end is closed inside the other cylindrical body 39.
- the second portion 81b of the second passage element 78 is formed by machining the other cylinder 39 from the end surface 39a side of the other cylinder 39, for example, using a drill. ing. For this reason, the second portion 81b is defined by a hole having a circular cross-sectional shape in the same manner as the first portion 81a.
- the opening end of the first portion 81 a and the opening end of the second portion 81 b connect the two adjacent cylinders 39 to the second axis of the rotation shaft 38.
- they When tightened in the axial direction of the portion 41, they are abutted coaxially so as to communicate with each other.
- the third passage element 79 can be rephrased as the exit of the passage 76.
- the third passage element 79 is opened on the outer peripheral surface of the other cylindrical body 39 of the two adjacent cylindrical bodies 39.
- the open end of the third passage element 79 is located at the upstream end of the transport unit 71 and is out of the flight 73 of the transport unit 71.
- the opening end of the first passage element 77 and the opening end of the third passage element 79 are separated from each other in the axial direction of the screw body 37 with the barrier portion 72 interposed therebetween.
- the third passage element 79 is formed by machining the outer peripheral surface of the other cylindrical body 39 using, for example, a drill. Therefore, the third passage element 79 is a hole having a circular cross-sectional shape, and extends from the outer peripheral surface of the other cylinder 39 in the radial direction of the cylinder 39.
- the bottom 79a of the third passage element 79 is an inclined surface that is scraped off conically at the tip of the drill.
- the end of the second passage element 78 opposite to the opening end of the first portion 81 a is connected to the first passage element 77 inside one cylindrical body 39. .
- the first portion 81a of the first passage element 77 and the second passage element 78 are in communication with each other while maintaining a circular cross-sectional shape.
- the first portion 81 a of the second passage element 78 is connected to the first passage element 77 at a position off the conical bottom 77 a of the first passage element 77.
- the first portion 81 a of the second passage element 78 may communicate with the conical bottom 77 a of the first passage element 77.
- the first passage element 77 is raised from the end of the first portion 81a of the second passage element 78 in the radial direction of the cylindrical body 39 and opened to the outer peripheral surface of the screw body 37. In other words, it can be rephrased as a rising portion of 1.
- the end of the second passage element 78 opposite to the opening end of the second portion 81b is connected to the third passage element 79 inside the other cylindrical body 39.
- the third passage element 79 and the second portion 81b of the second passage element 78 are in communication with each other while maintaining a circular cross-sectional shape.
- the second portion 81 b of the second passage element 78 is connected to the third passage element 79 at a position off the conical bottom 79 a of the third passage element 79.
- the second portion 81 b of the second passage element 78 may be connected to the conical bottom 79 a of the third passage element 79.
- the third passage element 79 is raised from the end portion of the second portion 81b of the second passage element 78 in the radial direction of the cylindrical body 39 and opened to the outer peripheral surface of the screw body 37. In other words, it can be rephrased as a rising portion of 2.
- the passage 76 is eccentric from the axis O 1 of the rotation shaft 38. For this reason, the channel
- the inner diameter of the hole constituting the second passage element 78 is preferably set to, for example, 1 mm or more and less than 6 mm, preferably 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less. Furthermore, the internal diameter of the 2nd channel
- the cylindrical body 39 has the cylindrical wall surface 83 that defines the shape of the holes constituting the first to third passage elements 77, 78, 79.
- the wall surface 83 continuously surrounds the first to third passage elements 77, 78, and 79 in the circumferential direction.
- the first to third passage elements 77, 78, 79 surrounded by the wall surface 83 are hollow spaces that allow only the flow of the raw material, and the elements constituting the screw body 37 in the space are not exist. Furthermore, the wall surface 83 revolves around the axis O1 without rotating about the axis O1 when the screw body 37 rotates.
- the cylindrical body 39 in which the second passage element 78 is provided can be rephrased as a screw element.
- the fluid raw material blended in the first extruder 2 is continuously supplied from the supply port 34 of the second extruder 3 to the conveyance path 51.
- the raw material supplied to the second extruder 3 is thrown into the outer peripheral surface of one transport unit 71 located at the base end of the screw body 37 as indicated by an arrow C in FIG. Since the screw 21 rotates counterclockwise when viewed from the direction of the base end of the rotary shaft 38, the flight 73 of the transport unit 71 is connected to the supply port as shown by the solid arrows in FIGS.
- the raw material charged from 34 is conveyed toward the tip of the screw body 37.
- the raw material subjected to the shearing action reaches the boundary between the transport unit 71 and the barrier unit 72 along the transport path 51. Since the flight 74 of the barrier portion 72 conveys the raw material from the distal end of the screw main body 37 toward the proximal end when the screw 21 rotates counterclockwise, the flight 74 blocks the raw material fed by the flight 73.
- the flight 74 of the barrier portion 72 restricts the flow of the raw material fed by the flight 73 of the transport portion 71 when the screw 21 rotates counterclockwise, and the raw material is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the barrier portion 71 and the cylinder portion 33. Prevents you from passing through the clearance between them.
- FIG. 25 shows the filling rate of the raw material in the portion corresponding to the passage 76 in the conveyance path 51 with gradation, and the filling rate of the raw material increases as the color tone increases.
- the filling rate of the raw material increases as it approaches the barrier portion 72, and the filling rate of the raw material is 100% immediately before the barrier portion 72.
- a raw material reservoir R having a raw material filling rate of 100% is formed immediately before the barrier portion 72.
- the pressure of the raw material is increased by blocking the flow of the raw material.
- the raw material whose pressure has increased is shown in FIG. 24 and FIG. 25 by the second passage element 77 from the first passage element 77 of the passage 76 opened at the boundary between the transfer portion 71 and the barrier portion 72 as shown by the broken arrows. It flows into the passage element 78.
- the raw material that has flowed into the second passage element 78 flows through the second passage element 78 from the proximal end of the screw body 37 toward the distal end.
- the cross-sectional area along the radial direction of the second passage element 78 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the conveyance path 51 along the radial direction of the cylinder part 33.
- the inner diameter of the second passage element 78 is much smaller than the outer diameter of the screw body 37, the raw material is rapidly squeezed when the raw material passes through the second passage element 78. Thereby, an extending
- the cross-sectional area of the second passage element 78 is sufficiently smaller than the cross-sectional area of the conveyance path 51, the barrier is formed even though the raw material accumulated in the raw material reservoir R flows into the first passage element 77.
- the raw material reservoir R immediately before the portion 72 does not disappear. For this reason, even if some variation occurs in the flow rate of the raw material sent to the barrier portion 72 by the flight 73 of the transport unit 71, the flow rate variation can be absorbed by the raw material accumulated in the raw material reservoir R. Therefore, the raw material is always supplied to the passage 76 in a stable state.
- the raw material that has passed through the second passage element 78 of the passage 76 is returned from the third passage element 79 to the outer peripheral surface of another cylinder 39 adjacent thereto.
- the returned raw material is conveyed in the direction of the tip of the screw body 37 by the flight 73 of the other cylindrical body 39, and is again subjected to a shearing action in the course of this conveyance.
- the raw material subjected to the shearing action flows from the first passage element 77 of the next passage 76 into the second passage element 78 and is again subjected to the extension action in the process of passing through the second passage element 78.
- a plurality of conveying portions 71 and a plurality of barrier portions 72 are alternately arranged in the axial direction of the screw main body 37, and a plurality of passages 76 are arranged in the axial direction of the screw main body 37. They are lined up at intervals. For this reason, the raw material thrown into the screw main body 37 from the supply port 34 is continuously conveyed without interruption in the direction from the proximal end of the screw main body 37 to the distal end while alternately receiving a shearing action and an extending action. Therefore, the degree of kneading of the raw materials is strengthened, and the dispersion of the polymer components of the raw materials is promoted.
- the second passage elements 78 of the plurality of passages 76 are opened on the outer peripheral surface of the screw body 37 via the first passage element 77 and the third passage element 79, respectively. Therefore, in each passage 76, the raw material that has flowed into the second passage element 78 from the first passage element 77 always returns to the outer peripheral surface of the screw body 37 through the third passage element 79, and a plurality of passages The raw materials do not mix between 76.
- the passage 76 for adding an extending action to the raw material extends in the axial direction of the screw main body 37 at a position eccentric from the axis O1 serving as the rotation center of the screw main body 37, the passage 76 revolves around the axis O1. That is, the wall surface 83 that defines the passage 76 revolves around the axis O1 without rotating about the axis O1.
- the raw material passes through the passage 78, the raw material receives a centrifugal force, but the shearing force accompanying the rotation of the wall surface 83 does not act on the raw material. Therefore, the raw material that passes through the passage 76 and returns to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 39 is mainly subjected to an extending action. As a result, a location where a shearing action is added to the raw material and a location where an elongation action is added to the raw material are clearly determined, and the degree of kneading of the raw material can be controlled with high accuracy.
- the cylindrical body 39 to be inserted on the rotating shaft 38 can be freely selected and replaced according to the kneading degree of the raw material, and the range of the length of the screw main body 37 can be changed.
- the positions of the transport unit 71 and the barrier unit 72 can be arbitrarily changed.
- the cylinder 39 having the worn flight 73 is replaced with a spare cylinder 39 having a new flight 73, that is, What is necessary is just to replace
- the passage 76 for adding an extending action to the raw material is formed between two cylinders 39 in which two types of flights 73 and 74 are formed. For this reason, in any of the two cylinders 39, the relative positional relationship between the two types of flights 73 and 74 and the passage 76 is fixedly determined in both the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the screw body 37. Yes. Therefore, a special alignment operation between the two types of flights 73 and 74 and the passage 76 is not necessary.
- the plurality of cylinders 39 are fastened in the axial direction of the second shaft portion 41, whereby the passage 76 straddling between the two adjacent cylinders 39 is formed.
- the cylindrical body 39 which is significantly shorter than the entire length of the screw main body 37, may be machined using, for example, a drill. Therefore, workability at the time of forming the passage 76 and handling of the workpiece are facilitated.
- [Third embodiment] 26 to 35 disclose a third embodiment.
- the third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in matters relating to the screw main body 37.
- the other configuration of the second extruder 3 is basically the same as that of the first embodiment. Therefore, in the third embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the plurality of cylindrical cylinders 39 constituting the screw body 37 are arranged between the first collar 48 and the second collar 50 as in the first embodiment.
- the second shaft portion 41 is tightened in the axial direction. Thereby, the end surface 39a of the adjacent cylinder 39 is closely_contact
- the screw main body 37 has a plurality of conveying portions 91 for conveying the raw material and a plurality of barrier portions 92 for restricting the flow of the raw material.
- the conveyance portions 91 and the barrier portions 92 are alternately arranged in the axial direction of the screw main body 37.
- Each conveyance part 91 has the flight 93 twisted helically.
- the flight 93 projects from the outer peripheral surface along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body 39 toward the conveyance path 51.
- the flight 93 is twisted so as to convey the raw material from the distal end of the screw main body 37 toward the proximal end when the screw 21 rotates counterclockwise. In other words, the flight 93 is twisted to the left in the same way as the left-handed twist of the flight 93.
- the length of the conveying portion 91 along the axial direction of the screw body 37 is appropriately set according to, for example, the type of raw material, the degree of kneading of the raw material, the production amount of the kneaded material per unit time, and the like. Further, the transport unit 91 is a region where the flight 93 is formed at least on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 39, but is not specified as a region between the start point and the end point of the flight 93.
- a region outside the flight 93 on the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 39 may be regarded as the transport unit 91, and a cylindrical spacer or a cylindrical collar is provided at a position adjacent to the cylinder 39 having the flight 93.
- the spacer and the collar may be included in the transport unit 91.
- Each barrier portion 92 has a flight 94 twisted in a spiral.
- the flight 94 projects from the outer peripheral surface along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body 39 toward the conveyance path 51.
- the flight 94 is twisted so as to convey the raw material from the proximal end to the distal end of the screw main body 37 when the screw 21 rotates counterclockwise. In other words, the flight 94 is twisted to the right in the same way as the right-hand screw in the twisting direction of the flight 94.
- the pitch of flight 94 is the same as that of flight 93 or smaller than the pitch of flight 93. Further, a slight clearance is secured between the tops of the flights 93 and 94 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder part 33.
- the length of the barrier portion 92 along the axial direction of the screw main body 37 is appropriately set according to, for example, the type of raw material, the degree of kneading of the raw material, the production amount of the kneaded material per unit time, and the like.
- the barrier unit 92 functions to block the flow of the raw material sent by the transport unit 91. That is, the barrier portion 92 is adjacent to the conveyance portion 91 on the downstream side in the material conveyance direction, and the material fed by the conveyance portion 91 passes through the clearance between the top of the flight 94 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder portion 33. It is configured to prevent you from doing.
- a barrier portion 92 is positioned at the proximal end of the screw body 37 corresponding to one end portion of the barrel 20, and a discharge flight 90 is provided at the distal end portion of the screw body 37 corresponding to the other end portion of the barrel 20.
- the discharge flight 90 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 39 located at the distal end portion of the screw main body 37, and projects from the conveyance path 51.
- the discharge flight 90 is twisted so as to convey the raw material from the proximal end to the distal end of the screw main body 37.
- the supply port 34 of the barrel 20 faces an intermediate portion along the axial direction of one transport unit 91 closest to the base end of the screw body 37.
- the screw body 37 has a plurality of passages 95 extending in the axial direction of the screw body 37.
- the passages 95 are arranged at intervals in the axial direction of the screw body 37.
- four passages 95 extending in the axial direction of the screw main body 37 are arranged at intervals of 90 ° in the circumferential direction of the screw main body 37. It is out.
- each passage 95 has one barrier portion 92 and two transfer portions 91 sandwiching the barrier portion 92 as one unit, and the transfer portion 91 and the barrier portion 92. Are formed across the three cylindrical bodies 39 corresponding to.
- each passage 95 is defined by first to third passage elements 96, 97, 98.
- the first passage element 96 can be rephrased as the entrance of the passage 95.
- the first passage element 96 is opened on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 39 corresponding to the transport portion 91 located on the base end side of the screw main body 37 with respect to the barrier portion 92 for each unit.
- the opening end of the first passage element 96 is near the boundary with the adjacent barrier portion 92 on the base end side of the screw main body 37 with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 39 corresponding to the conveying portion 91. Is located.
- the open end of the first passage element 96 is disengaged from the flight 93.
- the first passage element 96 is formed by machining the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 39 using, for example, a drill. Therefore, the first passage element 96 is a hole having a circular cross-sectional shape, and extends in the radial direction of the cylinder 39 from the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 39 so as to be orthogonal to the axis O1.
- the bottom 96a of the first passage element 96 is an inclined surface that is scraped off conically at the tip of the drill.
- the second passage element 97 can be rephrased as a passage main body through which the raw material flows.
- the second passage element 97 extends in parallel with the axis O ⁇ b> 1 of the screw body 37 so as to straddle between the three cylinders 39 corresponding to the transport part 91 and the barrier part 92. Therefore, the second passage element 97 is provided in a straight line in the axial direction of the screw body 37 without branching in the middle, and has a predetermined overall length.
- the second passage element 97 includes a first portion 99a formed inside the cylindrical body 39 on the proximal end side of the screw main body 37 of the three cylindrical bodies 39, and an intermediate part of the three cylindrical bodies 39.
- the first portion 99 a, the second portion 99 b, and the third portion 99 c are arranged coaxially along the axial direction of the screw body 37.
- the first portion 99 a of the second passage element 97 extends linearly in the axial direction of the cylindrical body 39 and is opened on the end surface 39 a on the side of the adjacent intermediate cylindrical body 39 among the cylindrical bodies 39. ing. The end of the first portion 99 a opposite to the open end is closed by the end wall 39 b of the cylindrical body 39.
- the first portion 99a of the second passage element 97 is formed by machining the end surface 39a of the cylindrical body 39 using, for example, a drill. For this reason, the first portion 99a is defined by a hole having a circular cross-sectional shape.
- the second portion 99b of the second passage element 97 is formed by machining the end surface 39a of the intermediate cylinder 39 using, for example, a drill.
- the second portion 99 b penetrates the intermediate cylinder 39 in the axial direction and is opened on both end surfaces 39 a of the intermediate cylinder 39. Therefore, the second portion 99b is defined by a through hole having a circular cross-sectional shape.
- the third portion 99c of the second passage element 97 extends linearly in the axial direction of the cylindrical body 39, and is open to the end surface 39a on the side of the adjacent intermediate cylindrical body 39 in the cylindrical body 39. ing. The end of the third portion 99 c opposite to the open end is closed by the end wall 39 b of the cylindrical body 39.
- the third portion 99c of the second passage element 97 is formed by machining the end surface 39a of the cylindrical body 39 using, for example, a drill. For this reason, the third portion 99c is defined by a hole having a circular cross-sectional shape.
- the open end of the first portion 99a, the open end of the second portion 99b, and the open end of the third portion 99c rotate three adjacent cylinders 39.
- they When tightened in the axial direction of the second shaft portion 41 of the shaft 38, they are abutted coaxially so as to communicate with each other.
- the third passage element 98 can be rephrased as an exit of the passage 95.
- the third passage element 98 is opened on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 39 corresponding to the transport portion 91 positioned on the tip side of the screw body 37 with respect to the barrier portion 92 for each unit.
- the opening end of the third passage element 98 is on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 39 corresponding to the transport portion 91 and in the vicinity of the boundary with the adjacent barrier portion 92 on the tip end side of the screw body 37 with respect to the transport portion 91. Is located. Further, the open end of the third passage element 98 is disengaged from the flight 93.
- the third passage element 98 is formed by machining the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 39 using, for example, a drill. Therefore, the third passage element 98 is a hole having a circular cross-sectional shape, and extends from the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 39 in the radial direction of the cylinder 39.
- the bottom 98a of the third passage element 98 is an inclined surface that is scraped off conically at the tip of the drill.
- the opening end of the first passage element 96 and the opening end of the third passage element 98 are separated from each other in the axial direction of the screw body 37 with the two conveying portions 91 and the one barrier portion 92 interposed therebetween. .
- the shape of the surface of the screw body 37 changes between the open end of the first passage element 96 and the open end of the third passage element 98.
- the end of the second passage element 97 opposite to the opening end of the first portion 99 a is connected to the first passage element 96 inside the cylindrical body 39.
- the first portion 99a of the first passage element 96 and the second passage element 97 are in communication with each other while maintaining a circular cross-sectional shape.
- the end of the first portion 99 a of the second passage element 97 is connected to the first passage element 96 at a position off the bottom 96 a of the first passage element 96.
- the first portion 99 a of the second passage element 97 may communicate with the conical bottom 96 a of the first passage element 96.
- the first passage element 96 is raised from the end portion of the first portion 99a of the second passage element 97 in the radial direction of the cylindrical body 39 and opened to the outer peripheral surface of the screw body 37. In other words, it can be rephrased as a rising portion of 1.
- the end of the second passage element 97 opposite to the opening end of the third portion 99c is connected to the third passage element 98 inside the cylindrical body 39.
- the third passage element 98 and the third portion 99c of the second passage element 97 are in communication with each other while maintaining a circular cross-sectional shape. Further, the end of the third portion 99 c of the second passage element 97 is connected to the third passage element 98 at a position off the bottom 98 a of the third passage element 98.
- the third portion 99 c of the second passage element 97 may communicate with the conical bottom 98 a of the third passage element 98.
- the third passage element 98 is raised from the end portion of the third portion 99c of the second passage element 97 in the radial direction of the cylindrical body 39 and opened to the outer peripheral surface of the screw body 37. In other words, it can be rephrased as a rising portion of 2.
- the passage 95 is eccentric from the axis O 1 of the rotation shaft 38.
- path 95 has remove
- the inner diameter of the hole constituting the second passage element 97 is preferably set to, for example, 1 mm or more and less than 6 mm, preferably 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less. Further, the inner diameter of the second passage element 97 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first passage element 96 serving as an inlet. At the same time, the cross-sectional area along the radial direction of the second passage element 97 is set to be much smaller than the cross-sectional area of the conveyance path 51 along the radial direction of the cylinder part 33.
- the cylinder 39 has the cylindrical wall surface 100 that defines the shape of the holes constituting the first to third passage elements 96, 97, 98.
- the wall surface 100 continuously surrounds the first to third passage elements 96, 97, and 98 in the circumferential direction.
- the first to third passage elements 96, 97, 98 surrounded by the wall surface 100 are hollow spaces that allow only the flow of the raw material, and the elements constituting the screw main body 37 in the space are not exist.
- the wall surface 100 revolves around the axis O1 without rotating about the axis O1 when the screw body 37 rotates.
- the fluid raw material blended in the first extruder 2 is continuously supplied from the supply port 34 of the second extruder 3 to the conveyance path 51.
- the raw material supplied to the second extruder 3 is thrown into the outer peripheral surface of the conveying portion 91 closest to the base end of the screw main body 37 as indicated by an arrow D in FIG.
- the flight 93 of the transport unit 91 is inserted from the supply port 34 as shown by the solid line arrow in FIG.
- the produced raw material is conveyed toward the adjacent barrier portion 92 on the proximal end side of the screw main body 37. That is, the flight 93 feeds back the raw material introduced from the supply port 34 toward the base end of the screw main body 37.
- the raw material subjected to the shearing action reaches the boundary between the conveyance unit 91 and the barrier unit 92 along the conveyance path 51.
- the flight 94 of the barrier portion 92 is twisted in the right direction so as to convey the raw material from the base end of the screw main body 37 toward the front end when the screw 21 rotates counterclockwise. Dams up.
- the flight 94 of the barrier portion 92 limits the flow of the raw material fed by the flight 93 when the screw 21 rotates counterclockwise, and the clearance between the raw material and the inner peripheral surface of the barrier portion 92 and the cylinder portion 33. Obstructing passing through.
- FIG. 33 shows the filling rate of the raw material of the part corresponding to the conveying part 91 of the screw main body 37 in the conveying path 51 with gradation, and the filling rate of the raw material becomes higher as the color tone becomes darker. It has become.
- the filling rate of the raw material increases as the barrier unit 92 is approached, and the filling rate of the raw material is 100% immediately before the barrier unit 92.
- a raw material reservoir R having a raw material filling rate of 100% is formed immediately before the barrier portion 92.
- the pressure of the raw material is increased by blocking the flow of the raw material.
- the raw material whose pressure has increased flows into the second passage element 97 from the first passage element 96 serving as the inlet of the passage 95, as indicated by the dashed arrows in FIGS.
- the cross-sectional area along the radial direction of the second passage element 97 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the conveyance path 51 along the radial direction of the cylinder part 33.
- the inner diameter of the second passage element 97 is much smaller than the outer diameter of the screw body 37, when the raw material passes through the second passage element 97, the raw material is sharply squeezed into the raw material. Elongation action is added.
- the cross-sectional area of the second passage element 97 is sufficiently smaller than the cross-sectional area of the conveyance path 51, the barrier is formed even though the raw material accumulated in the raw material reservoir R flows into the first passage element 96.
- the raw material reservoir R immediately before the portion 92 does not disappear. For this reason, even if some variation occurs in the flow rate of the raw material fed into the barrier portion 92 by the flight 93, the variation in flow rate can be absorbed by the raw material accumulated in the raw material reservoir R. Therefore, the raw material is always supplied to the passage 95 in a stable state.
- the raw material circulated through the second passage element 97 returns to the outer peripheral surface of the conveying section 91 adjacent on the tip side of the screw body 37 through the third passage element 98 as shown by the solid line arrow in FIG. Is done.
- the returned raw material is transported toward the base end of the screw body 37 by the flight 93 of the transport unit 91 and is subjected to a shearing action again in the course of this transport.
- the raw material subjected to the shearing action flows from the first passage element 96 of the passage 95 into the second passage element 97 and is again subjected to the expansion action in the process of flowing through the second passage element 97.
- the plurality of transfer portions 91 and the plurality of barrier portions 92 are alternately arranged in the axial direction of the screw body 37, and the plurality of passages 95 are arranged at intervals in the axial direction of the screw body 37. Yes.
- the raw material charged into the screw body 37 from the supply port 34 is repeatedly subjected to shearing action and stretching action alternately as shown by arrows in FIGS. Continuously conveyed. Therefore, the degree of kneading of the raw materials is strengthened, and the dispersion of the polymer components of the raw materials is promoted.
- the second passage elements 97 of the plurality of passages 95 are opened on the outer peripheral surface of the screw body 37 via the first passage element 96 and the third passage element 98, respectively. For this reason, in each passage 95, the raw material that has flowed into the second passage element 97 from the first passage element 96 always returns to the outer peripheral surface of the screw body 37 through the third passage element 98. There is no mixing of ingredients.
- the passage 95 for adding an extending action to the raw material extends in the axial direction of the screw main body 37 at a position eccentric from the axis O1 serving as the rotation center of the screw main body 37, the passage 95 revolves around the axis O1. That is, the cylindrical wall surface 100 defining the passage 95 revolves around the axis O1 without rotating about the axis O1.
- the raw material when the raw material passes through the passage 95, the raw material receives centrifugal force, but the shearing force accompanying the rotation of the wall surface 100 does not act on the raw material. Therefore, the raw material that passes through the passage 95 and returns to the outer peripheral surface of the screw main body 37 mainly receives an extension action. Therefore, the location where the shearing action is added to the raw material and the location where the elongation action is added to the raw material are clearly determined, and the degree of kneading of the raw material can be accurately controlled.
- the cylindrical body 39 to be inserted on the rotating shaft 38 can be freely selected and replaced according to the degree of kneading of the raw material, and the range of the length of the screw main body 37 can be changed.
- the positions of the transfer part 91 and the barrier part 92 can be changed.
- the cylinder 39 having the worn flight 93 is replaced with a spare cylinder 39 having a new flight 93. do it. Therefore, the other cylindrical body 39 and the rotating shaft 38 of the screw main body 37 can be used repeatedly, and it is not necessary to replace the entire screw main body 37 with a new one.
- the passage 95 for adding an extending action to the raw material is formed between the two cylinders 39 constituting the transfer part 91 and the cylinder 39 constituting the barrier part 92. For this reason, in any of the three cylinders 39, the relative positional relationship between the flight 93 or 94 and the passage 95 is fixedly determined in both the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the screw main body 37. Therefore, the special alignment work between the flights 93 and 94 and the passage 95 is not necessary.
- the passages 95 are formed between the three cylinders 39 by bringing the end faces 39a of the three adjacent cylinders 39 into close contact with each other. That is, when the passage 95 is formed in the screw main body 37, the cylindrical body 39, which is significantly shorter than the entire length of the screw main body 37, may be machined using, for example, a drill. Therefore, workability when forming the passage 95 and handling of the workpiece are facilitated.
- the passage 95 for adding an extension action to the raw material is divided into three parts at the boundary between one barrier portion 92 and two transfer portions 91 sandwiching the barrier portion 92. .
- the first portion 99a and the third portion 99c of the second passage element 97 are formed inside the cylindrical body 39 constituting the transport portion 91, and the second portion 99b of the second passage element 97 is formed. Is formed inside the cylindrical body 39 constituting the barrier portion 92.
- the passage 95 straddles between the two transport portions 91 and the one barrier portion 92, the three portions forming the first to third portions 99a, 99b, and 99c of the passage 95 are formed.
- the cylindrical body 39 can be divided into flights 93 and 94. As a result, it is possible to easily manufacture, select and manage the individual cylinders 39 having the first to third portions 99a, 99b and 99c of the passage 95.
- all the flights 94 that constitute the barrier portion 92 and the conveying portion 91 are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 39 where the second portion 99b of the second passage element 97 is formed.
- the flight 93 is continuously formed. That is, the second portion 99b of the second passage element 97 is formed inside the cylindrical body 39 in which the two types of flights 93 and 94 are formed.
- the flight 94 for the barrier portion 92 is provided in the entire region of the outer peripheral surface as shown in FIG. 35 as the cylindrical body 39 in which the second portion 99b of the second passage element 97 is formed. If the formed dedicated cylinder 110 is prepared, the cylinder 110 can be replaced with the cylinder 39 in which two types of flights 93 and 94 are formed.
- the ratio of the area occupied by the flight 93 for the transport section 91 and the area occupied by the flight 94 for the barrier section 92 within the range of the length of the three cylinders 39 and 110 forming the passage 95 is, for example, the raw material. It can be changed according to the degree of kneading.
- FIG. 36 discloses a fourth embodiment.
- the fourth embodiment is different from the third embodiment in matters relating to the rotating shaft 38.
- Other configurations of the screw 21 are basically the same as those of the third embodiment. Therefore, in the fourth embodiment, the same components as those in the third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the refrigerant passage 200 is formed inside the rotary shaft 38. As shown in FIG. The refrigerant passage 200 extends coaxially along the axis O ⁇ b> 1 of the rotation shaft 38. One end of the refrigerant passage 200 is connected to the outlet pipe 202 via the rotary joint 201 at the joint portion 42. The other end of the refrigerant passage 200 is liquid-tightly closed at the tip of the rotating shaft 38.
- a refrigerant introduction pipe 203 is coaxially inserted into the refrigerant passage 200.
- One end of the refrigerant introduction pipe 203 is connected to the inlet pipe 204 via the rotary joint 201.
- the other end of the refrigerant introduction pipe 203 is opened in the refrigerant passage 200 in the vicinity of the other end of the refrigerant passage 200.
- a refrigerant such as water or oil is sent from the inlet pipe 204 to the refrigerant passage 200 via the rotary joint 201 and the refrigerant introduction pipe 203.
- the refrigerant sent into the refrigerant passage 200 returns to the joint portion 42 of the rotary shaft 38 through a gap between the inner peripheral surface of the refrigerant passage 200 and the outer peripheral surface of the refrigerant introduction pipe 203 and is also passed through the rotary joint 201. And returned to the outlet pipe 202.
- the screw main body 37 since the refrigerant circulates along the axial direction of the rotation shaft 38, the screw main body 37 can be cooled using the refrigerant. For this reason, the temperature of the screw main body 37 in contact with the raw material can be appropriately adjusted, and the deterioration of the resin and the change of the viscosity due to the temperature rise of the raw material can be prevented in advance.
- a screw body for kneading raw materials in earnest includes a cylinder having a passage disclosed in the first embodiment, a cylinder having a passage disclosed in the second embodiment, and a third embodiment.
- a cylindrical body having a passage disclosed in the above may be configured by selectively combining and inserting it onto a single rotating shaft.
- the passage for adding an extension action to the raw material is not limited to a hole having a circular cross section.
- the passage may be constituted by, for example, a hole having an elliptical shape or a polygonal sectional shape, and the sectional shape of the passage is not particularly limited.
- the screw rotates counterclockwise when the screw main body is viewed from the direction of the base end of the rotating shaft has been described as an example. It is not restricted to.
- the screw may be rotated clockwise in the clockwise direction.
- the barrier portion of the screw body is not limited to being composed of a spirally twisted flight.
- the third extruder for removing the gas component contained in the kneaded product extruded from the second extruder is not limited to the single-screw extruder, and a twin-screw extruder may be used. .
- the continuous high shear processing apparatus only needs to include at least a first extruder that preliminarily kneads the raw material and a second extruder that kneads the raw material in earnest.
- the third extruder for removing the components may be omitted.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
Abstract
Description
原料の搬送方向に沿う直線状の軸線を有し、当該軸線を中心に回転するスクリュ本体と、前記スクリュ本体の周方向に沿う外周面に設けられ、前記スクリュ本体の回転時に原料を前記スクリュ本体の軸方向に搬送するフライトを有する搬送部と、前記スクリュ本体に設けられた通路と、を具備している。前記通路は、前記フライトにより搬送された原料が流入する入口と、前記入口から流入した原料が流れる通路本体と、前記通路本体を流れた原料が前記スクリュ本体の前記外周面に帰還する出口と、を含む。
以下、第1の実施形態について、図1ないし図11を参照して説明する。
図12は、第1の実施形態と関連性を有する変形例1を示している。
図13、図14A、図14B、図15Aおよび図15Bは、第1の実施形態と関連性を有する変形例2を示している。
図16は、第1の実施形態と関連性を有する変形例3を示している。
図17は、第1の実施形態と関連性を有する変形例4を示している。
図18は、変形例4をさらに発展させた変形例5を示している。
図19ないし図25は、第2の実施形態を開示している。第2の実施形態は、スクリュ本体37に関する事項が第1の実施形態と相違している。それ以外の第2の押出機3の構成は、基本的に第1の実施形態と同様である。そのため、第2の実施形態において、第1の実施形態と同一の構成部分には同一の参照符号を付して、その説明を省略する。
図26ないし図35は、第3の実施形態を開示している。第3の実施形態は、スクリュ本体37に関する事項が第1の実施形態と相違している。それ以外の第2の押出機3の構成は、基本的に第1の実施形態と同様である。そのため、第3の実施形態において、第1の実施形態と同一の構成部分には同一の参照符号を付して、その説明を省略する。
図34および図35は、第3の実施形態と関連性を有する変形例を開示している。
図36は、第4の実施形態を開示している。第4の実施形態は、回転軸38に関する事項が第3の実施形態と相違している。それ以外のスクリュ21の構成は、基本的に第3の実施形態と同様である。そのため、第4の実施形態において、第3の実施形態と同一の構成部分には同一の参照符号を付して、その説明を省略する。
Claims (17)
- 原料を混練しつつ搬送する押出機用スクリュであって、
原料の搬送方向に沿う直線状の軸線を有し、当該軸線を中心に回転するスクリュ本体と、
前記スクリュ本体の周方向に沿う外周面に設けられ、前記スクリュ本体の回転時に原料を前記スクリュ本体の軸方向に搬送するフライトを有する搬送部と、
前記スクリュ本体に設けられ、前記フライトにより搬送された原料が流入する第1の通路要素と、前記第1の通路要素から流入した原料が流れる第2の通路要素と、前記第2の通路要素を流れた原料が前記スクリュ本体の前記外周面に帰還する第3の通路要素と、を含む通路と、を具備し、
前記スクリュ本体は、前記軸線と同軸状に設けられた回転軸と、当該回転軸に追従して回転するように前記回転軸の外周面に同軸状に挿入され、前記回転軸の軸方向に配列された複数の筒体と、を有し、
前記搬送部の少なくとも一部が前記回転軸上で隣り合う前記筒体の外周面に形成され、前記通路が隣り合う前記筒体の間に跨るように前記筒体の内部に形成された押出機用スクリュ。 - 前記回転軸上で隣り合う前記筒体は、互いに密着された端面を有し、
前記通路の前記第2の通路要素は、隣り合う前記筒体のうちの一方の筒体の内部に形成された第1の部分と、隣り合う前記筒体のうちの他方の筒体の内部に形成された第2の部分と、を含み、前記第1の部分および前記第2の部分は、夫々が対応する前記筒体の軸方向に延びているとともに前記筒体の前記端面に開口された開口端を有し、当該開口端が互いに連通された請求項1に記載の押出機用スクリュ。 - 前記回転軸上で隣り合う前記筒体は、夫々前記端面の反対側に位置された端壁を有し、前記第1の部分の前記開口端とは反対側の端部が一方の前記筒体の前記端壁で閉塞され、前記第2の部分の前記開口端とは反対側の端部が他方の前記筒体の前記端壁で閉塞された請求項2に記載の押出機用スクリュ。
- 前記第2の通路要素の前記第1の部分は、前記一方の筒体の前記端面の側から前記一方の筒体に機械加工を施すことにより形成され、前記第2の通路要素の前記第2の部分は、前記他方の筒体の前記端面の側から前記他方の筒体に機械加工を施すことにより形成された請求項3に記載の押出機用スクリュ。
- 前記通路の前記第1の通路要素は、前記筒体の前記外周面に開口されているとともに前記筒体の内部で前記第2の通路要素に連通され、前記通路の前記第3の通路要素は、前記筒体の前記外周面に開口されているとともに前記筒体の内部で前記第2の通路要素に連通された請求項1に記載の押出機用スクリュ。
- 前記通路の前記第1の通路要素および前記第3の通路要素は、夫々前記筒体の前記外周面の側から前記筒体に機械加工を施すことにより形成された請求項5に記載の押出機用スクリュ。
- 前記スクリュ本体は、前記フライトによる原料の流動を制限することで原料の圧力を高める障壁部をさらに備え、前記第1の通路要素が前記障壁部と隣り合う位置に設けられた請求項1に記載の押出機用スクリュ。
- 前記回転軸は、ストッパ部を有する第1の軸部と、前記ストッパ部の端面から同軸状に延出され、前記筒体が挿入される第2の軸部と、を含み、前記第2の軸部の前記ストッパ部とは反対側の端面に締結具を介して端板が固定され、当該端板と前記ストッパ部との間で複数の前記筒体が前記第2の軸部の軸方向に締め付けられた請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の押出機用スクリュ。
- 前記第2の通路要素の口径が前記第1の通路要素の口径よりも小さい請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の押出機用スクリュ。
- 前記通路は、前記スクリュ本体の軸線を外れた位置に設けられ、前記筒体が前記回転軸に追従して回転した時に、前記通路が前記軸線の回りを公転するように構成された請求項1に記載の押出機用スクリュ。
- 原料を混練しつつ搬送する押出機用スクリュであって、
原料の搬送方向に沿う直線状の軸線を有し、当該軸線を中心に回転するスクリュ本体と、
前記スクリュ本体の周方向に沿う外周面に設けられ、前記スクリュ本体の回転時に原料を前記スクリュ本体の軸方向に搬送するフライトを有する搬送部と、
前記スクリュ本体に設けられ、前記フライトにより搬送された原料が流入する入口と、前記入口から流入した原料が流れる通路本体と、前記通路本体を流れた原料が前記スクリュ本体の前記外周面に帰還する出口と、を含む通路と、を具備し、
前記スクリュ本体は、前記軸線と同軸状に設けられた回転軸と、当該回転軸に追従して回転するように前記回転軸の外周面に同軸状に挿入され、前記回転軸の軸方向に配列された複数の筒体と、を有し、
前記搬送部の少なくとも一部が少なくとも一つの前記筒体の外周面に形成され、前記通路が少なくとも一つの前記筒体の内部に形成された押出機用スクリュ。 - 前記通路の前記入口は、前記筒体の前記外周面に開口されているとともに前記筒体の内部で前記通路本体に連通され、前記通路の前記出口は、前記筒体の前記外周面に開口されているとともに前記筒体の内部で前記通路本体に連通された請求項11に記載の押出機用スクリュ。
- 前記通路の前記入口および前記出口は、夫々前記筒体の外周面の側から前記筒体に機械加工を施すことにより形成された請求項12に記載の押出機用スクリュ。
- 前記通路は、前記スクリュ本体の軸線を外れた位置に設けられ、前記筒体が前記回転軸に追従して回転した時に、前記通路が前記軸線の回りを公転するように構成された請求項11ないし請求項13のいずれか一項に記載の押出機用スクリュ。
- 押出機用スクリュの回転軸の外周面に同軸状に挿入され、前記回転軸と一体に回転するように構成されたスクリュエレメントであって、
原料を搬送するフライトが設けられた外周面を有し、当該外周面のうち前記フライトから外れた箇所に、原料が流入する入口および原料が帰還する出口の少なくともいずれか一方が設けられ、内部に前記入口および前記出口の少なくともいずれか一方に連通するとともに前記原料が流通する通路が設けられたスクリュエレメント。 - 請求項1又は請求項11に記載されたスクリュを備え、当該スクリュを用いて原料を混練することで混練物を生成する押出機であって、
前記スクリュが回転可能に収容されたバレルと、
前記バレルに設けられ、前記スクリュに原料を供給する供給口と、
前記バレルに設けられ、前記混練物が押し出される吐出口と、
を備えた押出機。 - バレルの内部で回転する請求項1又は請求項11に記載されたスクリュに原料を供給するとともに、当該原料を前記スクリュを用いて前記スクリュの軸方向に連続的に搬送し、
前記スクリュの回転時に、原料を前記スクリュの前記通路に導くとともに、前記通路を通して前記スクリュの外周面に帰還させるようにした押出方法。
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US11820062B2 (en) | 2023-11-21 |
US11072104B2 (en) | 2021-07-27 |
CN107107442A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
CN107107442B (zh) | 2019-07-16 |
TW201636182A (zh) | 2016-10-16 |
KR101999038B1 (ko) | 2019-07-10 |
DE112015004855T5 (de) | 2017-07-13 |
US20170225379A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
JP2016083868A (ja) | 2016-05-19 |
JP6446234B2 (ja) | 2018-12-26 |
KR20170078751A (ko) | 2017-07-07 |
US20210316492A1 (en) | 2021-10-14 |
TWI588007B (zh) | 2017-06-21 |
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