WO2015147074A1 - 香味豊かな濃縮ブドウ果汁およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
香味豊かな濃縮ブドウ果汁およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015147074A1 WO2015147074A1 PCT/JP2015/059181 JP2015059181W WO2015147074A1 WO 2015147074 A1 WO2015147074 A1 WO 2015147074A1 JP 2015059181 W JP2015059181 W JP 2015059181W WO 2015147074 A1 WO2015147074 A1 WO 2015147074A1
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- grape juice
- glycoside
- monoterpene alcohol
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- grape
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
- C12G3/00—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages
- C12G3/02—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages by fermentation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/02—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation containing fruit or vegetable juices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
- A23L2/56—Flavouring or bittering agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flavorful concentrated grape juice and a method for producing the same.
- Monoterpene alcohol is known to be an important aroma component that characterizes Muscat wine. In grapefruit, monoterpene alcohol exists in two forms, free and bound. Linked monoterpene alcohols are also referred to as monoterpene alcohol glycosides.
- Monoterpene alcohol glycoside is a glycoside in which glucose is bonded to monoterpene alcohol, and is a non-volatile monoterpene alcohol.
- Monoterpene alcohol glycosides do not have a fragrance per se, but are converted into a free form by ⁇ -glucosidase of enzymes and yeast during wine production, and contribute to the characteristic scent of Muscat wine.
- Monoterpene alcohol glycosides are known to exist in either a monoglycoside type or a diglycoside type. In this monoglycoside type, only one glucose is bonded to monoterpene alcohol. On the other hand, in the diglycoside type, one glucose is bonded to monoterpene alcohol, and any one of arabinose, rhamnose and apiose is further bonded to this glucose.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method for producing sake using a yeast mutant that produces monoterpene alcohol. ing.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for reducing unpleasant odor caused by sulfurous acid added for stabilizing grape juice. Are listed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a grape juice capable of producing a wine having a rich muscat aroma, and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors may increase the content of monoterpene alcohol glycosides by subjecting the peel from grape fruit or fruit-containing fruit juice to heat treatment under predetermined conditions. It was found that the muscat aroma of the grape juice produced thereby was enhanced and the quality of the muscat aroma was improved. Furthermore, the present inventors have found that by producing wine using the thus-produced grape juice as a raw material, a rich muscat aroma can be imparted to the produced wine. The present invention is based on these findings.
- the present invention includes the following inventions.
- Grape juice comprising monoterpene alcohol glycosides, wherein the total amount of monoterpene alcohol glycosides is 7 nM or more in terms of Brix 20 degrees.
- geranyl glycoside is present at a concentration of 0.9 nM or higher and linalyl glycoside is present at a concentration of 0.4 nM or higher, and ⁇ -citronellyl glycoside in terms of Brix 20 degrees.
- a method for producing grape juice emphasizing the muscat aroma, (A) crushing and squeezing grape fruit to obtain fruit juice or fruit juice containing fruit skin, (B) heating the fruit skin obtained by the step (a) or water containing the fruit skin to reach a product temperature of 45 to 95 ° C., and (c) the step ( a step of allowing the mixture obtained by b) to cool and then adding an enzyme having glycosidase activity for diglycosides to the mixture; Among them, the method comprising the step (a) and the step (b), or comprising the step (a), the step (b) and the step (c).
- a grape juice that emphasizes the muscat aroma is provided.
- this grape juice as a raw material, it becomes possible to produce a wine having a rich muscat aroma.
- the wine thus produced has a complex Muscat-like aroma.
- a rich muscat aroma can be imparted to beverages (fermented alcoholic beverages, non-alcoholic beverages, etc.) by adding the grape juice according to the present invention.
- the concentration of monoterpene alcohol glycoside contained in the fruit juice is increased by carrying out (a) crushing / squeezing step and (b) heating treatment step, which is preferable. Grape juice with significantly enhanced Muscat aroma is obtained. After the step (b), (c) an enzyme treatment step may be performed.
- “monoterpene alcohol” means free monoterpene alcohol unless otherwise specified. Free monoterpene alcohol is volatile without glucose attached. Examples of the free monoterpene alcohol include geraniol, linalool, ⁇ -terpineol, ⁇ -citronellol, nerol and the like.
- the “monoterpene alcohol glycoside” means a glycoside in which glucose is bound to free monoterpene alcohol. This monoterpene alcohol glycoside is non-volatile.
- “monoglycoside (type)” means a monoterpene alcohol glycoside in which only one glucose is bonded to monoterpene alcohol.
- diglycoside (type) is a monoterpene alcohol glycoside in which one glucose is bound to monoterpene alcohol, and any one of arabinose, rhamnose and apiose is bound to this glucose. Means things.
- total amount of monoterpene alcohol glycoside means the total amount of linalyl glycoside, ⁇ -terpinyl glycoside, ⁇ -citronellyl glycoside, neryl glycoside and geranyl glycoside. means.
- the “total amount of monoglycosides” means the total amount of monoglycoside-type linalyl glycoside, ⁇ -terpinyl glycoside, ⁇ -citronellyl glycoside, neryl glycoside and geranyl glycoside. means. That is, the total amount of monoglycosides is the total amount of linalyl glucoside, ⁇ -terpinyl glucoside, ⁇ -citronellyl glucoside, neryl glucoside and geranyl glucoside.
- Brix is a measured value of a liquid by a Brix saccharimeter (refractometer), and is a numerical value expressed based on the sucrose concentration. That is, Brix is a numerical value representing the sucrose concentration when it is assumed that the solute in the liquid is only sucrose. Brix is one of the most commonly used numerical values as an index indicating the sugar content of a liquid, and is particularly often used to express the sugar content of a sugar-containing liquid that is a raw material for alcohol fermentation.
- “Brix20 equivalent value” means a quantitative value at a concentration adjusted such that the sugar content of a sample is Brix20 degrees.
- Ppb used in the present specification represents the concentration of mass / volume (w / v).
- fermented alcoholic beverage refers to an alcohol (ethanol) -containing beverage produced by alcohol fermentation by microorganisms.
- examples of fermented alcoholic beverages include brewed liquor and distilled liquor made from grains as raw materials, fruit liquor and distilled liquor obtained by distilling this.
- the fermented alcoholic beverage according to the present invention is a fruit liquor, more preferably a wine (wine).
- the grape fruit is crushed and squeezed to obtain a fruit skin or a fruit juice containing a fruit skin (a mixture of the fruit skin and the fruit juice), preferably only the fruit skin is obtained.
- a grape having a muscat aroma is preferably used. Examples of such grapes include Muscat Alexandria species and Neo Muscat species, and Muscat Alexandria species are preferably used.
- Grape harvest time and the like are not particularly limited, and grape fruits harvested at a normal time used for wine production, for example, when the fruits have sufficient sugar content and aroma can be used.
- the heating treatment in the step (b) is performed by heating a mixture of fruit skin and water, or fruit juice containing a fruit skin (a mixture of fruit skin and fruit juice) to a predetermined temperature higher than room temperature.
- the monoterpene alcohol glycoside extracted from grape skin by this heating treatment has a sufficient amount when heated to 45 to 95 ° C., particularly 65 to 95 ° C. Yes.
- the sensory evaluation results of wine brewed using the obtained grape juice are good when heated to 45 to 95 ° C., particularly 65 to 85 ° C.
- the product temperature of the mixture of the skin and water or the fruit juice containing the skin is heated to 45 to 95 ° C., preferably 65 to 95 ° C., more preferably 65 to 85 ° C.
- the heating is stopped immediately.
- step (c) which is an optional step, after step (b), the fruit skin and water mixture or fruit juice containing the fruit skin (fruit skin and fruit juice mixture) is treated with an enzyme having glycosidase activity for diglycosides. Is done.
- the enzyme is added after the fruit juice containing the pericarp and water or the pericarp is allowed to cool, and is preferably added when the product temperature is 10 to 55 ° C, more preferably about 50 ° C. .
- the enzyme used for the enzyme treatment may be an enzyme having glycosidase activity for diglycoside, but preferably the safety as food is confirmed.
- grape juice can be obtained by appropriately performing operations such as skin contact, squeezing, clarification, and concentration. Since the mixture obtained by the step (b) or the step (c) contains a fruit skin, it is desirable to perform at least the operation of juice.
- the grape juice produced by the production method of the present invention has an enhanced preferred muscat aroma, and this grape juice constitutes one aspect of the present invention.
- the total amount of monoterpene alcohol glycosides further the total amount of monoglycoside monoterpene alcohol glycosides, by quantifying the aroma components of grape juice produced by the above production method, Furthermore, it has been found that the content of geranyl glycoside, linalyl glycoside, and ⁇ -citronellyl glycoside among monoglycoside type monoterpene alcohol glycosides contributes to the preferred Muscat aroma. .
- a grape juice comprising a monoterpene alcohol glycoside, wherein the total amount of the monoterpene alcohol glycoside is 7 nM or more, preferably 11 nM or more in terms of Brix 20 degrees. More preferably 15 nM or more, still more preferably 25 nM or more grape juice. Although there is no particular upper limit on the total amount of this monoterpene alcohol glycoside, it is preferably 200 nM, more preferably 100 nM. Furthermore, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, among the monoterpene alcohol glycosides in this grape juice, the total amount of monoglycosides is 2 nM or more, more preferably 5 nM or more in terms of Brix 20 degrees.
- the total amount of monoglycosides is preferably 60 nM, more preferably 30 nM.
- the geranyl glycoside is present at a concentration of 0.9 nM or more and the linalyl glycoside is 0.4 nM in terms of Brix 20 degrees.
- the ⁇ -citronellyl glycoside is present at a concentration of 0.2 nM or more.
- the content of the monoglycoside-type linalyl glycoside is more preferably 1.0 nM or more, further preferably 1.5 nM or more, and more preferably 2.0 nM or more in terms of Brix 20 degrees.
- the upper limit for geranyl glycosides is preferably 50 nM
- the upper limit for linalyl glycosides is preferably 30 nM
- ⁇ -citronellyl glycoside The upper limit of the body is preferably 10 nM.
- the content of free monoterpene alcohol in the liquid can be measured by gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer (GC / MS).
- monoterpene alcohol can be extracted using dichloromethane and quantified by GC / MS.
- 4-Nonanol can be used as the internal standard substance.
- the GC / MS analysis conditions are as shown in Table 1 below.
- Quantification of the monoterpene alcohol glycoside in the liquid can be performed based on the method described in J. Inst. Brew. 116 (1), 77-70, 2010. For example, free monoterpene alcohol and monoterpene alcohol glycoside are separated using Sep-Pak plus (manufactured by Waters), and the resulting monoterpene alcohol glycoside is converted to enzyme AR2000 (DSM) or ⁇ -Glucosidase from almonds (manufactured by SIGMA) can be converted to free monoterpene alcohol, and this free monoterpene alcohol can be quantified by the above-mentioned GC / MS.
- DSM enzyme AR2000
- SIGMA ⁇ -Glucosidase from almonds
- monoterpene alcohol glycoside was converted to free monoterpene alcohol with ⁇ -Glucosidase from almonds (manufactured by SIGMA) as the value of monoglycoside monoterpene, and the enzyme AR2000 (manufactured by DSM)
- the total of the monoglycoside type and diglycoside type converted to free monoterpene alcohol, and the value obtained by subtracting the free monoterpene type by ⁇ -Glucosidase from the free monoterpene type in AR2000 is the diglycoside type
- each of the monoglycoside type and the diglycoside type can be quantified.
- the grape juice having a monoterpene alcohol glycoside having a predetermined concentration of the present invention may be produced by the production method of the present invention, or a monoterpene alcohol glycoside, particularly a monoglycoside type monoterpene alcohol glycoside.
- Body for example, monoglycoside type geranyl glycoside, linalyl glycoside, and ⁇ -citronellyl glycoside may be produced by adding them to grape juice so that the concentration is within the above range. .
- Grape juice can be used for beverage production as it is or after dilution or concentration. Therefore, according to the other aspect of this invention, the drink manufactured from the grape juice obtained by the manufacturing method of this invention, or the grape juice which has the monoterpene alcohol glycoside of the predetermined density
- concentration of this invention is provided.
- the type of beverage is not particularly limited, and any beverage may be used as long as it is produced from grape juice. Moreover, such a drink can be suitably manufactured by those skilled in the art according to the type.
- the beverage is a fermented alcoholic beverage.
- the grape juice obtained by the production method of the present invention and the grape juice having a monoterpene alcohol glycoside having a predetermined concentration of the present invention are used as they are, or after adjusting the sugar content by diluting or concentrating, and then fermenting alcoholic beverages
- the production of wine (wine) can be carried out according to a method known in the art, and the yeast used for fermentation is a yeast used for industrial wine production, such as VIN13, EC1118, BM45, 285, DV10, and the like.
- the grape juice obtained by the production method of the present invention and the grape juice having a monoterpene alcohol glycoside having a predetermined concentration of the present invention can be used for imparting a muscat aroma to other foods and beverages. Therefore, according to the other aspect of this invention, the flavor imparting agent for providing a muscat aroma which comprises these grape juice is provided.
- the flavor imparting agent according to the present invention can be added to various foods and beverages.
- the grape juice obtained by the production method of the present invention, the grape juice having a monoterpene alcohol glycoside having a predetermined concentration according to the present invention, and the flavor imparting agent according to the present invention are added to the beverage, whereby muscat is preferable for the beverage.
- Aroma can be imparted. Therefore, according to the other aspect of this invention, the drink which contains these grape juice or flavor imparting agents is provided.
- This beverage is preferably a fermented alcoholic beverage.
- Monoterpene alcohol glycoside is a glycoside in which glucose is bonded to monoterpene alcohol, and is a non-volatile monoterpene alcohol.
- Monoterpene alcohol glycosides are known to exist in either a monoglycoside type or a diglycoside type. In this monoglycoside type, only one glucose is bonded to monoterpene alcohol. On the other hand, in the diglycoside type, one glucose is bonded to monoterpene alcohol, and any one of arabinose, rhamnose and apiose is further bonded to this glucose.
- monoterpene alcohol glycoside was converted to free monoterpene alcohol with ⁇ -Glucosidase from almonds (manufactured by SIGMA) as the value of monoglycoside monoterpene, and the enzyme AR2000 (manufactured by DSM)
- the total of the monoglycoside type and diglycoside type converted to free monoterpene alcohol, and the value obtained by subtracting the free monoterpene type by ⁇ -Glucosidase from the free monoterpene type in AR2000 is the diglycoside type It was. Thereby, each of the monoglycoside type and the diglycoside type was quantified.
- the specific procedure is as shown in (1) to (3) below.
- the methanol concentrate was filled up to 5.0 mL using 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 3.5) containing 1.0 g / l of AR2000 (for quantification of the total amount of monoterpene alcohol glycosides) .
- the above 0.1M citrate buffer (pH3.5) is mixed with 500ml of 0.1M citrate monohydrate and 220ml of 0.1M trisodium citrate dihydrate to confirm that the pH is 3.5. It was prepared by.
- (h) The liquid obtained in (g) above was placed in a sealed container and allowed to undergo an enzyme reaction in a constant temperature bath at 40 ° C. for 13 to 20 hours to decompose the monoterpene alcohol glycoside into free monoterpene alcohol. .
- Example 1 Sample Preparation A grape concentrate juice sample was prepared using Muscat Alexandria grapefruit. The specific procedure is as follows.
- Test area 1 Grape fruit is crushed, the fruit juice containing pericarp is heated to 85 °C, cooled to 50 °C, and skinned for 5 hours Contacted, squeezed, clarified and concentrated.
- Test group 2 Grape fruit was crushed, fruit juice containing fruit skin was heated to 85 ° C, cooled to 50 ° C, enzyme AR2000 was added at a concentration of 30 mg / L, and skin contacted for 5 hours. The juice was squeezed, clarified and concentrated.
- Test group 3 2.5 times the amount of water (weight ratio) was added to the grape skin, heated to 85 ° C, cooled to 50 ° C, skin contacted for 5 hours, squeezed and clarified After that, it was concentrated.
- Test group 4 Add 2.5 times the amount of water (weight ratio) to grape skin, warm to 85 ° C, cool to 50 ° C, add enzyme AR2000 at a concentration of 30mg / L 5 Skin contact for hours, squeezed, clarified and concentrated.
- Example 2 Relation between processing conditions and monoterpene alcohol glycoside content in the process of producing grape concentrate juice About grape concentrate samples in test groups 1 to 4 and comparative groups 1 and 2 obtained in Example 1 The monoterpene alcohol glycoside (bound monoterpene alcohol) was quantified.
- Table 2 shows the total amount of linalool, ⁇ -terpineol, ⁇ -citronellol, nerol and geraniol glycosides, as well as the treatment conditions in the process of producing grape concentrate juice, and the total amount of monoterpene alcohol glycosides ( nM). Table 2 also shows the total amount (nM) of monoglycoside type and diglycoside type contained in the total amount of monoterpene alcohol glycoside. In addition, the results of sensory evaluation of wine obtained by fermenting a grape juice concentrate sample are also described.
- the numerical value indicating the content was converted to a numerical value at a concentration at which the sugar content of the sample is Brix 20 degrees, which is the standard sugar content used for winemaking (Brix 20 equivalent value) ).
- the total amount of monoterpene alcohol glycosides in grape juice concentrate is preferably 7 nM or more, more preferably 15 nM or more in terms of Brix 20 degrees. 25 nM or more is considered more preferable.
- the amount of monoglycoside monoterpene alcohol glycoside in the grape juice concentrate is preferably 2 nM or more, more preferably 5 nM or more in terms of Brix 20 degrees.
- Example 3 Relationship between processing conditions and production of monoglycoside-type monoterpene alcohol glycosides in the process of producing grape concentrate juice Grapes in test groups 1 to 4 and comparative groups 1 and 2 obtained in Example 1 With respect to the concentrated fruit juice sample, monoglycoside-type monoterpene alcohol glycosides (linked monoterpene alcohol) were quantified.
- Table 3 shows the content (nM) and total amount (nM) of monoglycoside glycosides of linalool, ⁇ -terpineol, ⁇ -citronellol, nerol and geraniol as well as the treatment conditions in the process of producing grape juice concentrate. ).
- the numerical value indicating the content was converted to a numerical value at a concentration at which the sugar content of the sample is Brix 20 degrees, which is the standard sugar content used for winemaking (Brix 20 equivalent value) ).
- the total amount of monoglycoside monoterpene alcohol in the test group was larger than that in the comparative group (commercially concentrated fruit juice), and particularly in Test Groups 2, 3 and 4 that it was significantly higher.
- the amount in the test group 2 was about 5 times
- the test group 3 was about 3 times
- the test group 4 was about 8 times
- the amount in the test group 2 was about 12 times
- the test group 3 was about 9 times
- the test group 4 was about 20 times.
- test group 2 in which the enzyme treatment was carried out in the production method using fruit juice and pericarp resulted in the extraction of three times the amount of geraniol and nerol compared to the test group 1 in which no enzyme was used.
- Table 4 shows numerical values expressed as mass concentrations in Table 3.
- the mass concentration based on the mass of monoterpene alcohol itself is shown instead of the mass of monoterpene alcohol as a glycoside.
- the threshold which is the minimum concentration that can be felt by human taste, is 50 ppb for linalool, 400 ppb for ⁇ -terpineol, 18 ppb for ⁇ -citronellol, 400 ppb for nerol, and 130 ppb for geraniol.
- Table 4 it is clear that three of the test plots exceeding these thresholds were linalool, ⁇ -citronellol and geraniol. Therefore, it is considered that three of the linalyl glycoside, ⁇ -citronellyl glycoside, and geranyl glycoside contribute to the strong muscat aroma of the grape juice concentrate sample in the test area.
- the content of monoglycoside-type linalyl glycoside in grape juice concentrate is more preferably 1.0 nM or more, further preferably 1.5 nM or more, and more preferably 2.0 nM or more in terms of Brix 20 degrees. It is considered that it is more preferable.
- Example 4 Relation between warming conditions and monoterpene alcohol glycoside content in the process of producing grape concentrated fruit juice
- the temperature setting temperature is 5 test zones of room temperature, 45 ° C, 65 ° C, 85 ° C and 95 ° C. Separate tests were set up. In each test section of 65 ° C, 85 ° C and 95 ° C, grapes were crushed and squeezed, and the fruit juice including the fruit skin was cooled to 50 ° C after reaching the set temperature, and then contacted with skin for 6 hours. In the 45 ° C test zone, grapes were crushed and squeezed, and the fruit juice containing the skin was skin contacted for 6 hours after reaching the set temperature.
- the grapes were crushed and squeezed, and the fruit juice including the fruit skin was directly skin contacted for 6 hours. After skin contact in all test sections, the juice was squeezed to obtain fruit juice. This fruit juice was centrifuged and used for analysis.
- Table 5 shows the total amount of glycosides of linalool, ⁇ -terpineol, ⁇ -citronellol, nerol and geraniol as well as the set temperature of the heating treatment in the production process of grape concentrated fruit juice. It was described as the total amount (nM) of (linked monoterpene alcohol). The numerical value indicating the content was converted into a numerical value at a concentration at which the sugar content of the sample was Brix 20 degrees, which is a standard sugar content used in winemaking (Brix 20 equivalent value). In addition, the results of sensory evaluation of wine obtained by fermenting a grape juice concentrate sample are also described.
- the set temperature of the heating treatment in the process of producing the grape juice concentrate is preferably 45 to 95 ° C, more preferably 65 to 95 ° C, and most preferably about 85 ° C. It is considered preferable.
- the set temperature of the heating treatment in the production process of grape concentrated fruit juice is preferably 45 to 95 ° C, and more preferably 65 to 85 ° C.
- the total amount of monoterpene alcohol glycosides in grape juice concentrate is preferably 7 nM or more, converted to Brix 20 degrees, and preferably 11 nM or more. Further, it is considered preferable.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、香味豊かな濃縮ブドウ果汁およびその製造方法に関する。
ワインの原料となるブドウを濃縮ブドウ果汁の形で輸送することは、輸送コストを大幅に低減できるというメリットを有する。しかし、濃縮ブドウ果汁には、ブドウ果汁を濃縮する工程で香気成分が変質し、あるいは香気成分が揮散するため、香りが低下するというデメリットが存在する。
(1)モノテルペンアルコール配糖体を含んでなるブドウ果汁であって、モノテルペンアルコール配糖体の総和量が、Brix20度換算で7nM以上である、ブドウ果汁。
(2)モノテルペンアルコール配糖体のうち、モノグリコシドの総和量が、Brix20度換算で2nM以上である、前記(1)のブドウ果汁。
(3)モノグリコシドのうち、Brix20度換算で、ゲラニル配糖体が0.9nM以上の濃度で存在し、かつリナリル配糖体が0.4nM以上の濃度で存在し、かつβ-シトロネリル配糖体が0.2nM以上の濃度で存在する、前記(2)のブドウ果汁。
(4)マスカット香気を強調したブドウ果汁を製造する方法であって、
(a)ブドウ果実を破砕して搾汁することにより、果皮または果皮を含む果汁を得る工程、
(b)前記工程(a)によって得られた果皮に水を加えたもの、または果皮を含む果汁を加温して、品温を45~95℃に到達させる工程、および
(c)前記工程(b)によって得られた混合物を放冷した後、該混合物に、ジグリコシドに対するグリコシダーゼ活性を有する酵素を添加する工程、
のうち、工程(a)および工程(b)を含んでなるか、あるいは、工程(a)、工程(b)および工程(c)を含んでなる、方法。
(5)前記(4)の方法によって製造される、ブドウ果汁。
(6)前記(1)~(3)のいずれかのブドウ果汁、または前記(5)のブドウ果汁から製造される、飲料。
(7)発酵アルコール飲料である、前記(6)の飲料。
(8)前記(1)~(3)のいずれかのブドウ果汁、または前記(5)のブドウ果汁を含んでなる、マスカット香気を付与するための風味付与剤。
(9)前記(1)~(3)のいずれかのブドウ果汁、前記(5)のブドウ果汁、または前記(8)の風味付与剤を含んでなる、飲料。
(10)発酵アルコール飲料である、前記(9)の飲料。
遊離型モノテルペンアルコールは、ジクロロメタンを用いて抽出し、GC/MSにて定量を行った。
モノテルペンアルコール配糖体は、モノテルペンアルコールにブドウ糖が結合した配糖体であり、不揮発性のモノテルペンアルコールである。モノテルペンアルコール配糖体は、モノグリコシド型とジグリコシド型のいずれかの状態で存在することが知られている。
このモノグリコシド型は、モノテルペンアルコールに1つのグルコースだけが結合したものである。一方で、ジグリコシド型は、モノテルペンアルコールに1つのグルコースが結合し、このグルコースに、さらにアラビノース、ラムノースおよびアピオースのいずれか1つが結合したものである。
Sep-Pak C18 Plus Cartridge(以下「Sep-Pak」という)を用いてモノテルペンアルコール配糖体の分離行った。Sep-Pakでの処理は、VisiprepTM DL型SPEバキュームマニホールドを用いて行った。
(a)Sep-Pak前処理として、MeOH 10 mLを流し、その後蒸留水を20 mL流し、平衡化を行った。
(b)サンプル(果汁)は、8,000 rpm、10 minで遠心を行い、その上清5 mLをSep-Pakに供した。
(c)Sep-Pakに蒸留水20 mLを流し、その後ペンタン10 mLを流し、遊離型モノテルペンアルコールを溶出させた。
(d)再びSep-Pakに蒸留水10 mLを流し、水をできるだけ取り除くため、Sep-Pakを50 mLチューブに入れて遠心を行った。
(e)Sep-Pakにメタノール10 mLを流し、モノテルペンアルコール配糖体を溶出させたメタノール画分を得た。
(f)上記(e)で得られたメタノール画分に窒素の吹き込みを行い、容量が数百μl程度となるまでメタノールを濃縮させた。
(g)メタノール濃縮液を、β-Glucosidase from almonds(SIGMA社製) を1.0g/l含む0.1Mクエン酸バッファー(pH3.5)を用いて5.0 mLにフィルアップした(モノグリコシド型定量用)。これとは別に、メタノール濃縮液を、AR2000を1.0g/l含む0.1Mクエン酸バッファー(pH3.5)を用いて5.0 mLにフィルアップした(モノテルペンアルコール配糖体の総和量の定量用)。上記の0.1Mクエン酸バッファー(pH3.5)は、0.1Mクエン酸一水和物500mlと0.1Mクエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物220mlを混和し、pH3.5となっていることを確認することにより調製した。
(h)上記(g)で得られた液体を密閉容器に入れ、40℃の恒温槽にて13~20時間酵素反応をさせ、モノテルペンアルコール配糖体を遊離型モノテルペンアルコールへと分解した。
(i)酵素反応が終了した上記(h)の溶液に、内部標準物質として、105 ppmの4-nonanolを50μl加えた。
(j)上記(i)にジクロロメタン 500μlを加え、よく攪拌(Vortex 1 min)した後、ジクロロメタン画分を回収した。この作業をもう一度行い、約1 mLのジクロロメタン画分を得た。
(k)ジクロロメタン画分に無水硫酸ナトリウムを加えて脱水し、GC/MS分析に供した。
(l)内部標準物質との比較により、酵素反応液中の遊離型モノテルペンアルコール量を算出した。
(m)サンプルの結合型テルペン濃度(nM)は、サンプル5 mLより得られた酵素反応液5 mLのテルペン濃度 (nM) を置き換えた。
官能評価は、専門パネラー5名によって行った。
マスカットアレキサンドリア種のブドウ果実を用いて、ブドウ濃縮果汁サンプルを調製した。具体的な手順は以下の通りである。
試験区1:ブドウ果実を破砕し、果皮を含む果汁を85℃達温まで加温後、温度を50℃まで冷却し、5時間スキンコンタクトし、搾汁し、清澄化した後、濃縮した。
試験区2:ブドウ果実を破砕し、果皮を含む果汁を85℃達温まで加温後、温度を50℃まで冷却し、酵素AR2000を30mg/Lの濃度で添加して5時間スキンコンタクトし、搾汁し、清澄化した後、濃縮した。
試験区3:ブドウ果皮に2.5倍量(重量比)の水を添加し、85℃達温まで加温後、温度を50℃まで冷却し、5時間スキンコンタクトし、搾汁し、清澄化した後、濃縮した。
試験区4:ブドウ果皮に2.5倍量(重量比)の水を添加し、85℃達温まで加温後、温度を50℃まで冷却し、酵素AR2000を30mg/Lの濃度で添加して5時間スキンコンタクトし、搾汁し、清澄化した後、濃縮した。
さらに、比較区として、2種類の市販品を用意した(比較区1および比較区2)。
さらに、試験区1~4ならびに比較区1および2のブドウ濃縮果汁サンプルのそれぞれを用いて、ワインを調製した。発酵は、次のようにして行った。上記の果汁サンプルを希釈してその糖度をBrix20度に調整し、栄養源としてチアミン 1mg/L、リン酸アンモニウム 750mg/L、Fermaid K(Lallemand社)250mg/Lを添加した。酵母は、リハイドレートした後、250mg/Lとなるよう添加した。発酵温度は20℃とした。
実施例1で得られた試験区1~4ならびに比較区1および2のブドウ濃縮果汁サンプルについて、モノテルペンアルコール配糖体(結合型モノテルペンアルコール)を定量した。
実施例1で得られた試験区1~4ならびに比較区1および2のブドウ濃縮果汁サンプルについて、モノグリコシド型のモノテルペンアルコール配糖体(結合型モノテルペンアルコール)を定量した。
表4によれば、試験区においてこれらの閾値を超えているのは、リナロール、β-シトロネロールおよびゲラニオールの3つであることが明らかとなる。よって、試験区のブドウ濃縮果汁サンプルの強いマスカット香に寄与しているのは、リナリル配糖体、β-シトロネリル配糖体およびゲラニル配糖体の3つであると考えられる。
加温設定温度を室温、45℃、65℃、85℃、95℃の5試験区に分けて試験を設定した。65℃、85℃および95℃の各試験区では、ブドウを破砕し、搾汁し、果皮を含む果汁を設定温度達温後、50℃まで冷却した後、6時間スキンコンタクトをした。45℃試験区では、ブドウを破砕し、搾汁し、果皮を含む果汁を設定温度達温後、6時間スキンコンタクトをした。室温試験区では、ブドウを破砕し、搾汁し、果皮を含む果汁をそのまま6時間スキンコンタクトをした。全ての試験区でスキンコンタクト後、搾汁し、果汁を得た。この果汁を遠心し、分析に用いた。
Claims (10)
- モノテルペンアルコール配糖体を含んでなるブドウ果汁であって、モノテルペンアルコール配糖体の総和量が、Brix20度換算で7nM以上である、ブドウ果汁。
- モノテルペンアルコール配糖体のうち、モノグリコシドの総和量が、Brix20度換算で2nM以上である、請求項1に記載のブドウ果汁。
- モノグリコシドのうち、Brix20度換算で、ゲラニル配糖体が0.9nM以上の濃度で存在し、かつリナリル配糖体が0.4nM以上の濃度で存在し、かつβ-シトロネリル配糖体が0.2nM以上の濃度で存在する、請求項2に記載のブドウ果汁。
- マスカット香気を強調したブドウ果汁を製造する方法であって、
(a)ブドウ果実を破砕して搾汁することにより、果皮または果皮を含む果汁を得る工程、
(b)前記工程(a)によって得られた果皮に水を加えたもの、または果皮を含む果汁を加温して、品温を45~95℃に到達させる工程、および
(c)前記工程(b)によって得られた混合物を放冷した後、該混合物に、ジグリコシドに対するグリコシダーゼ活性を有する酵素を添加する工程、
のうち、工程(a)および工程(b)を含んでなるか、あるいは、工程(a)、工程(b)および工程(c)を含んでなる、方法。 - 請求項4に記載の方法によって製造される、ブドウ果汁。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のブドウ果汁、または請求項5に記載のブドウ果汁から製造される、飲料。
- 発酵アルコール飲料である、請求項6に記載の飲料。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のブドウ果汁、または請求項5に記載のブドウ果汁を含んでなる、マスカット香気を付与するための風味付与剤。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のブドウ果汁、請求項5に記載のブドウ果汁、または請求項8に記載の風味付与剤を含んでなる、飲料。
- 発酵アルコール飲料である、請求項9に記載の飲料。
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CN108893229A (zh) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-27 | 江苏省农业科学院 | 一种增加蓝莓酒果香的酿造方法 |
JP2019097513A (ja) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-24 | アサヒ飲料株式会社 | 白ぶどう風味飲料、透明容器詰め飲料、透明容器詰め飲料の陳列方法、白ぶどう風味飲料の光劣化臭マスキング剤、及び白ぶどう風味飲料の光劣化臭のマスキング方法 |
CN112914012A (zh) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | 一种芒果皮中键合态香气物质的提取方法及其应用 |
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JP7508224B2 (ja) * | 2019-12-27 | 2024-07-01 | キリンホールディングス株式会社 | 糖類低減果実飲料およびその製造方法 |
WO2024122615A1 (ja) * | 2022-12-09 | 2024-06-13 | キリンホールディングス株式会社 | ビールテイストアルコール飲料およびその製法 |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2019097513A (ja) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-24 | アサヒ飲料株式会社 | 白ぶどう風味飲料、透明容器詰め飲料、透明容器詰め飲料の陳列方法、白ぶどう風味飲料の光劣化臭マスキング剤、及び白ぶどう風味飲料の光劣化臭のマスキング方法 |
CN108893229A (zh) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-27 | 江苏省农业科学院 | 一种增加蓝莓酒果香的酿造方法 |
CN112914012A (zh) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | 一种芒果皮中键合态香气物质的提取方法及其应用 |
CN112914012B (zh) * | 2021-01-29 | 2023-09-15 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | 一种芒果皮中键合态香气物质的提取方法及其应用 |
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