WO2014057534A1 - 可変圧縮比機構を備える内燃機関 - Google Patents
可変圧縮比機構を備える内燃機関 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014057534A1 WO2014057534A1 PCT/JP2012/076142 JP2012076142W WO2014057534A1 WO 2014057534 A1 WO2014057534 A1 WO 2014057534A1 JP 2012076142 W JP2012076142 W JP 2012076142W WO 2014057534 A1 WO2014057534 A1 WO 2014057534A1
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- compression ratio
- mechanical compression
- operating state
- opening degree
- engine operating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
- F02D41/0007—Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/22—Control of the pumps by varying cross-section of exhaust passages or air passages, e.g. by throttling turbine inlets or outlets or by varying effective number of guide conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0223—Variable control of the intake valves only
- F02D13/0234—Variable control of the intake valves only changing the valve timing only
- F02D13/0238—Variable control of the intake valves only changing the valve timing only by shifting the phase, i.e. the opening periods of the valves are constant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0269—Controlling the valves to perform a Miller-Atkinson cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D15/00—Varying compression ratio
- F02D15/04—Varying compression ratio by alteration of volume of compression space without changing piston stroke
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D23/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supercharged
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
- F02D2041/001—Controlling intake air for engines with variable valve actuation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2700/00—Mechanical control of speed or power of a single cylinder piston engine
- F02D2700/03—Controlling by changing the compression ratio
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
- F02D35/027—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions using knock sensors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine provided with a variable compression ratio mechanism.
- An internal combustion engine having a variable compression ratio mechanism that makes a mechanical compression ratio variable by moving a cylinder block relative to a crankcase along a cylinder axis is known.
- a turbocharger compressor is disposed in the engine intake system
- a turbocharger turbine is disposed in the engine exhaust system
- a waste gate passage that bypasses the turbine is provided.
- a waste gate valve is disposed in the waste gate passage, and by controlling the opening degree, the turbo rotation speed is changed to control the supercharging pressure of the compressor to a desired supercharging pressure.
- the respective target mechanical compression ratios are set for the current engine operating state, and the variable compression ratio mechanism is set so that the current target mechanical compression ratio is realized. Be controlled. Further, the opening degree of the waste gate valve is also set so that a desired supercharging pressure is realized with respect to the current engine operating state.
- turbocharger supercharging pressure is controlled to the desired supercharging pressure as it is. Will not be able to.
- the mechanical compression ratio is changed during engine transitions when the engine operating state changes, and even if the wastegate valve is controlled to the target opening for each engine operating state at each time, the turbocharger supercharging pressure May not be controlled to the desired boost pressure.
- an object of the present invention is an internal combustion engine having a variable compression ratio mechanism, which is equipped with a turbocharger, wherein the opening degree of the waste gate valve is controlled to a target opening degree for each engine operating state, and the engine operating state changes.
- the turbocharger supercharging pressure can be controlled to a desired supercharging pressure even when the mechanical compression ratio is changed during engine transition or when the engine is in transition.
- An internal combustion engine comprising the variable compression ratio mechanism according to claim 1 of the present invention comprises a turbocharger, controls the opening degree of the waste gate valve to a target opening degree for each engine operating state, and changes the mechanical compression ratio. In this case, the target opening degree of the waste gate valve with respect to the current engine operating state is corrected.
- An internal combustion engine having the variable compression ratio mechanism according to claim 2 according to the present invention is the internal combustion engine having the variable compression ratio mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical compression ratio is currently set when the engine operating state has not changed.
- the target mechanical compression ratio for the engine operating state the target opening degree for the current engine operating state of the waste gate valve is not corrected.
- An internal combustion engine having the variable compression ratio mechanism according to claim 3 according to the present invention is the internal combustion engine having the variable compression ratio mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the engine operating state is not changed in order to suppress the occurrence of knocking.
- the target opening degree for the current engine operating state of the waste gate valve is corrected to the increasing side as the number of cylinders where knocking has not occurred increases. Characterize.
- the turbocharger is provided, the opening degree of the waste gate valve is controlled to the target opening degree for each engine operating state, and the mechanical compression ratio is set.
- the target opening degree of the waste gate valve with respect to the current engine operating state is corrected. Since the expansion ratio changes due to the change in the mechanical compression ratio and the thermal efficiency also changes, the temperature and pressure of the exhaust gas change. If the engine operating state has not changed and the target opening of the waste gate valve with respect to the current engine operating state is left as it is, the turbocharger supercharging pressure cannot be controlled to the desired supercharging pressure. Accordingly, at this time, the target opening degree of the waste gate valve with respect to the current engine operating state is corrected, and the supercharging pressure of the turbocharger can be controlled to a desired supercharging pressure.
- turbocharging of the turbocharger when changing the mechanical compression ratio during engine transients, if the target opening for the current engine operating state of the waste gate valve, which changes every moment due to a response delay of the mechanical compression ratio, is left as it is, turbocharging of the turbocharger The pressure may not be controlled to the desired supercharging pressure. Thereby, at this time, the target opening degree for the current engine operating state of the waste gate valve which changes every moment is corrected, and the supercharging pressure of the turbocharger can be controlled to the desired supercharging pressure. .
- the target opening of the waste gate valve in the current engine operating state Is based on the premise that the target mechanical compression ratio with respect to the current engine operating state is realized, so that when the engine operating state has not changed, the mechanical compression ratio is set to the target mechanical compression ratio with respect to the current engine operating state.
- the target opening degree of the waste gate valve with respect to the current engine operating state is not corrected.
- the engine operating state changes in order to suppress the occurrence of knocking.
- the target opening of the waste gate valve in the current engine operating state is corrected to the increasing side as the number of cylinders where knocking has not occurred increases. It has become.
- the actual mechanical compression ratio of the cylinder in which knocking has occurred is higher than the actual mechanical compression ratio of the cylinder in which knocking has not occurred, and if the overall mechanical compression ratio is reduced to suppress the occurrence of knocking, knocking
- the actual mechanical compression ratio of the cylinders in which the engine did not occur is greatly reduced, the thermal efficiency is greatly deteriorated, and the exhaust gas temperature and pressure are increased. Therefore, the more the number of cylinders in which knocking has not occurred, the more the waste gate valve.
- 1 is an overall view of an internal combustion engine. It is a disassembled perspective view of a variable compression ratio mechanism.
- 1 is a schematic side sectional view of an internal combustion engine. It is a figure which shows a variable valve timing mechanism. It is a figure which shows the lift amount of an intake valve and an exhaust valve. It is a figure for demonstrating a mechanical compression ratio, an actual compression ratio, and an expansion ratio. It is a figure which shows the relationship between theoretical thermal efficiency and an expansion ratio. It is a figure for demonstrating a normal cycle and a super-high expansion ratio cycle. It is a figure which shows changes, such as a mechanical compression ratio according to an engine load.
- 1 is a schematic overall view of an internal combustion engine showing an arrangement of a turbocharger.
- FIG. 1 shows a side sectional view of an internal combustion engine equipped with a variable compression ratio mechanism according to the present invention.
- 1 is a crankcase
- 2 is a cylinder block
- 3 is a cylinder head
- 4 is a piston
- 5 is a combustion chamber
- 6 is a spark plug disposed at the center of the top surface of the combustion chamber 5
- 7 is intake air.
- 8 is an intake port
- 9 is an exhaust valve
- 10 is an exhaust port.
- the intake port 8 is connected to a surge tank 12 via an intake branch pipe 11, and a fuel injection valve 13 for injecting fuel into the corresponding intake port 8 is arranged in each intake branch pipe 11.
- the fuel injection valve 13 may be arranged in each combustion chamber 5 instead of being attached to each intake branch pipe 11.
- the surge tank 12 is connected to an air cleaner 15 via an intake duct 14, and a throttle valve 17 driven by an actuator 16 and an intake air amount detector 18 using, for example, heat rays are arranged in the intake duct 14.
- the exhaust port 10 is connected via an exhaust manifold 19 to, for example, a catalyst device 20 containing a three-way catalyst, and an air-fuel ratio sensor 21 is disposed in the exhaust manifold 19.
- the piston 4 is positioned at the compression top dead center by changing the relative position of the crankcase 1 and the cylinder block 2 in the cylinder axial direction at the connecting portion between the crankcase 1 and the cylinder block 2.
- a variable compression ratio mechanism A capable of changing the volume of the combustion chamber 5 at the time
- an actual compression action start timing changing mechanism B capable of changing the actual start time of the compression action.
- the actual compression action start timing changing mechanism B is composed of a variable valve timing mechanism capable of controlling the closing timing of the intake valve 7.
- a relative position sensor 22 for detecting a relative positional relationship between the crankcase 1 and the cylinder block 2 is attached to the crankcase 1 and the cylinder block 2.
- An output signal indicating a change in the interval between the crankcase 1 and the cylinder block 2 is output.
- the variable valve timing mechanism B is provided with a valve timing sensor 23 for generating an output signal indicating the closing timing of the intake valve 7, and an output signal indicating the throttle valve opening is provided to the actuator 16 for driving the throttle valve.
- a throttle opening sensor 24 is attached.
- the electronic control unit 30 is composed of a digital computer, and is connected to each other by a bidirectional bus 31.
- a load sensor 41 that generates an output voltage proportional to the depression amount L of the accelerator pedal 40 is connected to the accelerator pedal 40, and the output voltage of the load sensor 41 is input to the input port 35 via the corresponding AD converter 37. Is done.
- crank angle sensor 42 that generates an output pulse every time the crankshaft rotates, for example, 30 ° is connected to the input port 35.
- the output port 36 is connected to the spark plug 6, the fuel injection valve 13, the throttle valve driving actuator 16, the variable compression ratio mechanism A, and the variable valve timing mechanism B through corresponding drive circuits 38.
- FIG. 2 shows an exploded perspective view of the variable compression ratio mechanism A shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 shows a side sectional view of the internal combustion engine schematically shown.
- a plurality of protrusions 50 spaced apart from each other, that is, cylinder block side supports, are formed below both side walls of the cylinder block 2, and each protrusion 50 has a circular cross section.
- the cam insertion hole 51 is formed.
- a cam insertion hole 53 having a circular cross section is also formed in each protrusion 52.
- a pair of camshafts 54, 55 are provided, and on each camshaft 54, 55, a concentric portion 58 is rotatably inserted into each cam insertion hole 53. positioned.
- Each concentric portion 58 is coaxial with the rotational axis of each camshaft 54, 55.
- eccentric portions 57 that are eccentrically arranged with respect to the rotation axes of the camshafts 54 and 55 are positioned on both sides of each concentric portion 58.
- a cam 56 is eccentrically mounted for rotation. That is, the eccentric portion 57 is fitted into an eccentric hole formed in the circular cam 56, and the circular cam 56 rotates around the eccentric portion 57 around the eccentric hole.
- the circular cams 56 are disposed on both sides of each concentric portion 58, and the circular cams 56 are rotatably inserted into the corresponding cam insertion holes 51.
- a cam rotation angle sensor 25 that generates an output signal representing the rotation angle of the camshaft 55 is attached to the camshaft 55.
- 3A, 3B, and 3C show the positional relationship between the center a of the concentric portion 58, the center b of the eccentric portion 57, and the center c of the circular cam 56 in each state. It is shown.
- the relative position of the crankcase 1 and the cylinder block 2 is determined by the distance between the center a of the concentric part 58 and the center c of the circular cam 56, and the concentric part.
- the variable compression ratio mechanism A changes the relative position between the crankcase 1 and the cylinder block 2 by a crank mechanism using a rotating cam.
- the volume of the combustion chamber 5 increases when the piston 4 is positioned at the compression top dead center. Therefore, by rotating the camshafts 54 and 55, the piston 4 is compressed at the top dead center.
- the volume of the combustion chamber 5 when it is located at can be changed.
- a pair of worms 61 and 62 having opposite spiral directions are attached to the rotation shaft of the drive motor 59, respectively.
- Worm wheels 63 and 64 that mesh with the worms 61 and 62 are fixed to the ends of the camshafts 54 and 55, respectively.
- the volume of the combustion chamber 5 when the piston 4 is located at the compression top dead center can be changed over a wide range.
- FIG. 4 shows the variable valve timing mechanism B attached to the end of the camshaft 70 for driving the intake valve 7 in FIG.
- the variable valve timing mechanism B includes a timing pulley 71 that is rotated in the direction of an arrow by a crankshaft of an engine via a timing belt, a cylindrical housing 72 that rotates together with the timing pulley 71, an intake valve A rotating shaft 73 that rotates together with the driving camshaft 70 and is rotatable relative to the cylindrical housing 72, and a plurality of partition walls 74 that extend from the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical housing 72 to the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 73. And a vane 75 extending from the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 73 to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical housing 72 between the partition walls 74, and an advance hydraulic chamber 76 on each side of each vane 75.
- a retarding hydraulic chamber 77 is formed.
- the hydraulic oil supply control to the hydraulic chambers 76 and 77 is performed by the hydraulic oil supply control valve 78.
- the hydraulic oil supply control valve 78 includes hydraulic ports 79 and 80 connected to the hydraulic chambers 76 and 77, a hydraulic oil supply port 82 discharged from the hydraulic pump 81, a pair of drain ports 83 and 84, And a spool valve 85 for controlling communication between the ports 79, 80, 82, 83, and 84.
- variable valve timing mechanism B can advance and retard the cam phase of the intake valve driving camshaft 70 by a desired amount.
- the solid line shows the time when the cam phase of the intake valve driving camshaft 70 is advanced the most by the variable valve timing mechanism B
- the broken line shows the cam phase of the intake valve driving camshaft 70 being the most advanced. It shows when it is retarded. Therefore, the valve opening period of the intake valve 7 can be arbitrarily set between the range indicated by the solid line and the range indicated by the broken line in FIG. 5, and therefore the closing timing of the intake valve 7 is also the range indicated by the arrow C in FIG. Any crank angle can be set.
- variable valve timing mechanism B shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 shows an example.
- variable valve timing that can change only the closing timing of the intake valve while keeping the opening timing of the intake valve constant.
- Various types of variable valve timing mechanisms, such as mechanisms, can be used.
- FIG. 6 (A), (B), and (C) show an engine having a combustion chamber volume of 50 ml and a piston stroke volume of 500 ml for the sake of explanation.
- the combustion chamber volume represents the volume of the combustion chamber when the piston is located at the compression top dead center.
- FIG. 6A explains the mechanical compression ratio.
- FIG. 6B illustrates the actual compression ratio.
- FIG. 6C explains the expansion ratio.
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the theoretical thermal efficiency and the expansion ratio
- FIG. 8 shows a comparison between a normal cycle and an ultrahigh expansion ratio cycle that are selectively used according to the load in the present invention.
- FIG. 8 (A) shows a normal cycle when the intake valve closes near the bottom dead center and the compression action by the piston is started from the vicinity of the intake bottom dead center.
- the combustion chamber volume is set to 50 ml
- the stroke volume of the piston is set to 500 ml, similarly to the example shown in FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C.
- the actual compression ratio is almost 11
- the solid line in FIG. 7 shows the change in the theoretical thermal efficiency when the actual compression ratio and the expansion ratio are substantially equal, that is, in a normal cycle.
- the theoretical thermal efficiency increases as the expansion ratio increases, that is, as the actual compression ratio increases. Therefore, in order to increase the theoretical thermal efficiency in a normal cycle, it is only necessary to increase the actual compression ratio.
- the actual compression ratio can only be increased to a maximum of about 12 due to the restriction of the occurrence of knocking at the time of engine high load operation, and thus the theoretical thermal efficiency cannot be sufficiently increased in a normal cycle.
- FIG. 8B shows an example where the variable compression ratio mechanism A and variable valve timing mechanism B are used to increase the expansion ratio while maintaining the actual compression ratio at a low value.
- variable compression ratio mechanism A reduces the combustion chamber volume from 50 ml to 20 ml.
- variable valve timing mechanism B delays the closing timing of the intake valve until the actual piston stroke volume is reduced from 500 ml to 200 ml.
- the actual compression ratio is almost 11 and the expansion ratio is 11, as described above.
- FIG. 8B Only the expansion ratio is shown in FIG. 8B. It can be seen that it has been increased to 26. This is why it is called an ultra-high expansion ratio cycle.
- FIG. 9 shows changes in the intake air amount, the intake valve closing timing, the mechanical compression ratio, the expansion ratio, the actual compression ratio, and the opening degree of the throttle valve 17 according to the engine load at a certain engine speed.
- . 9 shows that the average air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber 5 is the output signal of the air-fuel ratio sensor 21 so that unburned HC, CO and NO x in the exhaust gas can be simultaneously reduced by the three-way catalyst in the catalyst device 20. This shows a case where feedback control is performed to the theoretical air-fuel ratio based on the above.
- the normal cycle shown in FIG. 8 (A) is executed during engine high load operation. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 9, the expansion ratio is low because the mechanical compression ratio is lowered at this time, and the valve closing timing of the intake valve 7 is advanced as shown by the solid line in FIG. ing. At this time, the amount of intake air is large, and at this time, the opening degree of the throttle valve 17 is kept fully open, so that the pumping loss is zero.
- the mechanical compression ratio is increased as the intake air amount is decreased while the actual compression ratio is substantially constant. That is, the volume of the combustion chamber 5 when the piston 4 reaches the compression top dead center is decreased in proportion to the decrease in the intake air amount. Therefore, the volume of the combustion chamber 5 when the piston 4 reaches the compression top dead center changes in proportion to the intake air amount.
- the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber 5 is the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, so the volume of the combustion chamber 5 when the piston 4 reaches the compression top dead center is proportional to the fuel amount. Will change.
- the mechanical compression ratio When the engine load is further reduced, the mechanical compression ratio is further increased, and when the engine load is lowered to the medium load L1 slightly close to the low load, the mechanical compression ratio becomes a limit mechanical compression ratio (upper limit mechanical compression) that becomes the structural limit of the combustion chamber 5. Ratio).
- the mechanical compression ratio reaches the limit mechanical compression ratio, the mechanical compression ratio is held at the limit mechanical compression ratio in a region where the load is lower than the engine load L1 when the mechanical compression ratio reaches the limit mechanical compression ratio. Accordingly, the mechanical compression ratio is maximized and the expansion ratio is maximized at the time of low engine load operation and low engine load operation, that is, at the engine low load operation side. In other words, the mechanical compression ratio is maximized so that the maximum expansion ratio is obtained on the engine low load operation side.
- the closing timing of the intake valve 7 becomes the limit closing timing that can control the amount of intake air supplied into the combustion chamber 5.
- the closing timing of the intake valve 7 reaches the limit closing timing, the closing timing of the intake valve 7 is reduced in a region where the load is lower than the engine load L1 when the closing timing of the intake valve 7 reaches the closing timing. It is held at the limit closing timing.
- the intake air amount can no longer be controlled by the change in the closing timing of the intake valve 7.
- the intake valve 7 is supplied into the combustion chamber 5 by the throttle valve 17.
- the amount of intake air to be controlled is controlled, and the opening degree of the throttle valve 17 is made smaller as the engine load becomes lower.
- the intake air amount can be controlled without depending on the throttle valve 17 by advancing the closing timing of the intake valve 7 as the engine load becomes lower as shown by the broken line in FIG. Accordingly, when expressing the case shown in FIG. 9 so as to include both the case indicated by the solid line and the case indicated by the broken line, in the embodiment according to the present invention, the valve closing timing of the intake valve 7 becomes smaller as the engine load becomes lower. It is moved in a direction away from the intake bottom dead center BDC until the limit valve closing timing L1 at which the intake air amount supplied into the combustion chamber can be controlled.
- the intake air amount can be controlled by changing the closing timing of the intake valve 7 as shown by the solid line in FIG. 9 or by changing it as shown by the broken line.
- the expansion ratio is 26 in the ultra-high expansion ratio cycle shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic overall view of the internal combustion engine showing the arrangement of the turbocharger.
- the members described in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is omitted.
- a turbocharger compressor 90 is disposed in the intake duct 14 ′ between the surge tank 12 and the air cleaner 15.
- 91 is a supercharging pressure sensor for measuring the intake pressure on the downstream side of the compressor 90 of the turbocharger in the intake duct 14 ′ as a supercharging pressure
- 92 is for cooling the intake air supercharged by the compressor 90 of the turbocharger. Is an intercooler.
- a turbocharger turbine 94 is disposed on the upstream side of the catalyst device 20.
- Reference numeral 95 denotes a waste gate passage that bypasses the turbine 94.
- a waste gate valve 96 that controls the amount of exhaust gas that passes through the waste gate passage 95 is disposed in the waste gate passage 95.
- the opening degree of the waste gate valve 96 As the opening degree of the waste gate valve 96 is increased, the amount of exhaust gas that passes through the waste gate passage 95 and does not pass through the turbine 94 increases, so that the turbine speed decreases and the supercharging pressure by the compressor 90 decreases. .
- the target mechanical compression ratio Et of the variable compression ratio mechanism A and the target opening degree TAt of the waste gate valve 96 are set according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 11, and the mechanical compression ratio and the opening degree of the waste gate valve 96 are controlled. It has come to be.
- This flowchart is repeatedly performed by the electronic control unit 30 every set time.
- step 101 the current engine load L is detected by the load sensor 41, and the current engine speed N is detected by the crank angle sensor.
- the target mechanical compression ratio Et of the variable compression ratio mechanism A is set for the current steady engine operating state determined by the current engine load L and the current engine speed N.
- the target mechanical compression ratio Et is mapped to the current engine load L.
- the variable compression ratio mechanism A is controlled so as to realize the target mechanical compression ratio Et set in this way.
- the target opening degree TAt of the waste gate valve 96 is set for the current steady state engine operating state.
- the target opening degree TAt is mapped to the current engine load L and the current engine speed N so that a desired boost pressure is realized in each engine operating state.
- the higher the engine load L the higher the desired supercharging pressure is set, and the target opening degree is obtained so that the desired supercharging pressure can be obtained by realizing the desired turbine speed at the exhaust gas pressure and temperature in the current engine operating state.
- TAt is mapped to the current engine load L and the current engine speed N.
- the waste gate valve 96 is controlled to achieve the target opening degree TAt set in this way.
- step 104 it is determined whether or not knocking has occurred in at least one cylinder by a knocking sensor arranged for each cylinder.
- the knocking sensor can detect sound, vibration, combustion pressure, or the like in the combustion chamber when knocking occurs. If knocking has not occurred in any of the cylinders, the determination in step 104 is negative and the routine proceeds to step 105.
- the actuator of the variable compression ratio mechanism A that is, the drive motor 59 is controlled so that the operating amount thereof corresponds to the current target mechanical compression ratio Et.
- the operation amount of the drive motor 59 (the number of rotations including the decimal point) may be directly detected by a specific sensor (not shown), but the crankcase 1 detected by the relative position sensor 22 described above. Alternatively, it may be detected indirectly based on the relative position between the cylinder block 2 and the rotation angle of the camshaft 55 detected by the cam rotation angle sensor 25 described above.
- the aforementioned sensor may not accurately detect the operation amount of the drive motor 59, and the current target mechanical compression ratio Et is realized. There may not be.
- step 105 the current exhaust gas temperature T is measured by the temperature sensor disposed in the exhaust manifold 19.
- step 106 the measured current exhaust gas temperature T and the exhaust gas temperature T ′ when the target mechanical compression ratio Et is realized in the current engine operating state (mapped in advance for each engine operating state). ) With respect to the difference ⁇ T. If the deviation ⁇ T is 0, the target mechanical compression ratio Et is realized, but if the deviation ⁇ T is positive, the actual mechanical compression ratio (expansion ratio) becomes the target as the absolute value of the deviation ⁇ T increases. If it is lower than the mechanical compression ratio and the deviation ⁇ T is negative, the larger the absolute value of the deviation ⁇ T, the higher the actual mechanical compression ratio (expansion ratio) is higher than the target mechanical compression ratio.
- step 107 it is determined whether or not the deviation ⁇ T is substantially 0. If this determination is affirmative, the process ends. However, when the determination in step 107 is negative, in step 108, the mechanical compression ratio is changed by the variable compression ratio mechanism A so that the mechanical compression ratio matches the target mechanical compression ratio Et. For example, the mechanical compression ratio may be gradually feedback controlled so that the deviation ⁇ T becomes zero. Further, the mechanical compression ratio may be changed based on a predetermined change amount so that the deviation ⁇ T is zero.
- step 104 determines whether knocking has occurred in at least one cylinder.
- step 109 the ignition timing is gradually retarded until knocking does not occur in the knocking cylinder.
- knocking can be suppressed immediately.
- the generated torque of the cylinder where knocking has occurred due to the retard of the ignition timing decreases, the generated torque is increased without causing knocking by reducing the mechanical compression ratio and not retarding the ignition timing. Can do.
- step 111 the change amount ⁇ E of the mechanical compression ratio is set from the map shown in FIG.
- the larger the retard amount R of the ignition timing of the cylinder in which knocking has occurred the maximum value of the retard amount of each cylinder when knocking has occurred in a plurality of cylinders
- the change amount ⁇ E is increased.
- the map shown in FIG. 12 is for a specific engine operating state. For each engine operating state, the target mechanical compression ratio change amount ⁇ E with respect to the retard amount R is set with the same tendency as in FIG. Yes.
- the mechanical compression ratio E is changed from the current target mechanical compression ratio Et to the decreasing side by the change amount ⁇ E.
- step 112 the ignition timing of the cylinder in which all knocking has occurred is advanced. In this way, the retarded ignition timing of the cylinder in which all knocking has occurred is returned to the original, but since the mechanical compression ratio E has been changed to the decreasing side, knocking will not occur again.
- step 113 the correction amount ⁇ TA of the target opening degree TAt is set from the map shown in FIG.
- the correction amount ⁇ TA increases as the change amount ⁇ E of the mechanical compression ratio E set in step 110 increases.
- the map shown in FIG. 13 is for a specific engine operating state. For each engine operating state, the correction amount ⁇ TA of the target opening degree TAt with respect to the mechanical compression ratio change amount ⁇ E has the same tendency as in FIG. Is set.
- step 114 the current target opening degree TAt of the waste gate valve 96 is corrected to the increasing side by the correction amount ⁇ TA.
- step 111 the target opening degree TAt with respect to the current engine operating state of the waste gate valve 96 is corrected to be increased as the mechanical compression ratio E is changed to be lower than the target mechanical compression ratio Et. . Accordingly, when the mechanical compression ratio E is lowered, the expansion ratio is also lowered, and the thermal efficiency is deteriorated. Therefore, the exhaust gas temperature and pressure are increased, and the supercharging pressure is excessively increased as it is.
- the supercharging pressure of the turbocharger can be controlled to a desired supercharging pressure by increasing the opening of the valve 96 and suppressing the increase in the turbine speed.
- the mechanical compression ratio E is changed when the engine operation state is not changed. Since the target opening degree TAt with respect to the current engine operating state is based on the premise that the target mechanical compression ratio Et of the current engine operating state is realized, in step 108, the mechanical compression ratio E is set to the current engine operating ratio.
- the target opening degree TAt of the waste gate valve 96 with respect to the current engine operating state is set. It is not corrected.
- the correction amount ⁇ TA may be increased. For example, if the number of cylinders in which knocking has not occurred is n, the correction amount ⁇ TA of the target opening degree TAt set in step 113 may be multiplied by k ⁇ n. As a result, as the number of cylinders in which knocking has not occurred increases, the target opening degree TAt with respect to the current engine operating state of the waste gate valve 96 is corrected to an increase side.
- the actual mechanical compression ratio may vary in each cylinder, and the actual mechanical compression ratio of the cylinder where knocking occurred was considered to be higher than the actual mechanical compression ratio of the cylinder where knocking did not occur. . At this time, if the overall mechanical compression ratio is reduced to suppress the occurrence of knocking, in the cylinder where knocking has occurred, the actual mechanical compression ratio does not drop much from the target mechanical compression ratio, but knocking occurs.
- the mechanical compression ratio is changed to the decreasing side when the engine operating state has not changed, but the mechanical compression ratio is changed to the increasing side when the engine operating state has not changed for other reasons.
- the supercharging pressure of the turbocharger can be controlled to a desired supercharging pressure by reducing the opening of the valve 96 and suppressing the decrease in the turbine rotational speed.
- step 105 the current exhaust gas temperature T is measured by a temperature sensor arranged in the exhaust manifold 19, and the measured current exhaust gas temperature T and the target mechanical compression ratio Et in the current engine operating state are measured. Whether or not the target mechanical compression ratio Et is achieved is determined based on the deviation ⁇ T from the exhaust gas temperature T ′ when the above is realized.
- the exhaust gas pressure of the exhaust manifold 19 is It is a value that changes according to the actual mechanical compression ratio (expansion ratio).
- the current exhaust gas pressure is measured, and the current exhaust gas pressure measured and the target mechanical compression ratio Et are realized in the current engine operating state.
- the target mechanical compression ratio Et is achieved based on a deviation from the exhaust gas pressure (preferably mapped in advance) when It may be to change a mechanical compression ratio as target mechanical compression ratio Et is achieved.
- the first opening degree TA1 corresponding to the previous engine operating state is changed to the second opening degree TA2 corresponding to the changed engine operating state at the fastest speed, and the closing timing of the intake valve 7 is also changed by the variable valve timing mechanism B.
- the first valve closing timing IVC1 corresponding to the engine operating state before the change is changed to the second valve closing timing IVC2 corresponding to the engine operating state after the change at the fastest speed, and the mechanical compression ratio is also changed by the variable compression ratio mechanism A.
- the first mechanical compression ratio E1 corresponding to the engine operating state before the change is changed to the second mechanical compression ratio E2 corresponding to the engine operating state after the change at the fastest speed.
- the intake amount at each time during engine transition Is estimated is estimated.
- the target opening degree of the waste gate valve 96 in the engine operating state at each time is set with respect to the estimated intake amount at each time so as to realize a desired supercharging pressure at each time.
- the actual mechanical compression ratio does not change as intended as indicated by the solid line. Since the intended exhaust gas temperature and pressure are not realized at each time of engine transition because the response delay changes as shown by the dotted line, the actual boost pressure is shown by the dotted line due to the response delay of the mechanical compression ratio. As shown, the desired boost pressure cannot be achieved.
- the target opening degree of the waste gate valve 96 in the engine operation state at each time is estimated based on the relative position of each time detected by the relative position sensor 22.
- correction is made as indicated by a dotted line so as to realize the desired supercharging pressure at each time.
- the correction amount is reduced so that the correction amount at each time increases as the difference between the actual mechanical compression ratio and the intended mechanical compression ratio at each time increases. Further, at each time, when the actual mechanical compression ratio is lower than the intended mechanical compression ratio, the exhaust gas temperature and pressure are higher than intended, so that the target opening of the waste gate valve 96 is increased. The correction amount at each time is increased as the difference between the actual mechanical compression ratio and the intended mechanical compression ratio at each time increases.
- the actual change in the mechanical compression ratio indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 14 is estimated based on the relative position at each time detected by the relative position sensor 22, and includes the response delay of the relative position sensor 22 itself. Therefore, as shown by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 14, the actual mechanical compression ratio is accurately estimated, and based on the difference between the estimated value of the accurate mechanical compression ratio at each time and the intended mechanical compression ratio, If the target opening degree of the gate valve 96 is corrected, the desired boost pressure can be realized more accurately.
- the opening degree of the waste gate valve is controlled to the target opening degree for each engine operation state, and the mechanical compression ratio is changed when the engine operation state is not changed or during the engine transition.
- the target opening degree of the waste gate valve with respect to the current engine operating state is corrected. Since the expansion ratio changes due to the change in the mechanical compression ratio and the thermal efficiency also changes, the temperature and pressure of the exhaust gas change. If the engine operating state has not changed and the target opening of the waste gate valve with respect to the current engine operating state is left as it is, the turbocharger supercharging pressure cannot be controlled to the desired supercharging pressure. Thereby, at this time, the target opening degree of the waste gate valve with respect to the current engine operating state is corrected based on the changed mechanical compression ratio, and the turbocharger supercharging pressure is controlled to a desired supercharging pressure. be able to.
- turbocharging of the turbocharger The pressure cannot be controlled to the desired supercharging pressure. Accordingly, at this time, the target opening degree for the current engine operating state of the waste gate valve that changes every moment is corrected based on the actual mechanical compression ratio, and the turbocharger supercharging pressure is set to the desired supercharging pressure. Can be controlled.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
91 過給圧センサ
94 ターボチャージャのタービン
95 ウェイストゲート通路
96 ウェイストゲートバルブ
A 可変圧縮比機構
B 可変バルブタイミング機構
Claims (3)
- ターボチャージャを具備し、ウェイストゲートバルブの開度を機関運転状態毎の目標開度に制御し、機械圧縮比を変更する際には、前記ウェイストゲートバルブの現在の機関運転状態に対する目標開度を補正することを特徴とする可変圧縮比機構を備える内燃機関。
- 機関運転状態が変化していないときに機械圧縮比を現在の機関運転状態に対する目標機械圧縮比へ変更する際には、前記ウェイストゲートバルブの現在の機関運転状態に対する目標開度を補正しないことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の可変圧縮比機構を備える内燃機関。
- ノッキング発生を抑制するために機関運転状態が変化していないときに機械圧縮比を減少側に変更する際には、ノッキングが発生していなかった気筒数が多いほど前記ウェイストゲートバルブの現在の機関運転状態に対する目標開度をより増加側へ補正することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の可変圧縮比機構を備える内燃機関。
Priority Applications (5)
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PCT/JP2012/076142 WO2014057534A1 (ja) | 2012-10-09 | 2012-10-09 | 可変圧縮比機構を備える内燃機関 |
EP12886293.5A EP2907992B1 (en) | 2012-10-09 | 2012-10-09 | Internal combustion engine provided with variable compression ratio mechanism |
JP2014540651A JP5854152B2 (ja) | 2012-10-09 | 2012-10-09 | 可変圧縮比機構を備える内燃機関 |
US14/434,027 US9695762B2 (en) | 2012-10-09 | 2012-10-09 | Internal combustion engine provided with variable compression ratio mechanism |
CN201280076300.7A CN104718364B (zh) | 2012-10-09 | 2012-10-09 | 具备可变压缩比机构的内燃机 |
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PCT/JP2012/076142 WO2014057534A1 (ja) | 2012-10-09 | 2012-10-09 | 可変圧縮比機構を備える内燃機関 |
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US (1) | US9695762B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2907992B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5854152B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104718364B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2014057534A1 (ja) |
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JP2014202172A (ja) * | 2013-04-09 | 2014-10-27 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
CN106014607A (zh) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-12 | 福特环球技术公司 | 排气涡轮增压内燃发动机及其运转方法 |
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US10273927B2 (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2019-04-30 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Controlling variable compression ratio with a pressure-reactive piston |
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JP6439875B2 (ja) * | 2015-08-20 | 2018-12-19 | 日産自動車株式会社 | エンジンの制御装置及びエンジンの制御方法 |
CN106014625A (zh) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-10-12 | 魏伯卿 | 径向移动变缸发动机蜗轮增压调节装置 |
JP6424882B2 (ja) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-11-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 可変圧縮比内燃機関 |
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CN106014607A (zh) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-12 | 福特环球技术公司 | 排气涡轮增压内燃发动机及其运转方法 |
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US10202912B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2019-02-12 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | System and method for reducing variable compression ratio engine shutdown shake |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2907992A1 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
US9695762B2 (en) | 2017-07-04 |
JPWO2014057534A1 (ja) | 2016-08-25 |
CN104718364A (zh) | 2015-06-17 |
JP5854152B2 (ja) | 2016-02-09 |
US20150260113A1 (en) | 2015-09-17 |
EP2907992A4 (en) | 2015-11-18 |
CN104718364B (zh) | 2019-06-28 |
EP2907992B1 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
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