WO2014034790A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014034790A1 WO2014034790A1 PCT/JP2013/073173 JP2013073173W WO2014034790A1 WO 2014034790 A1 WO2014034790 A1 WO 2014034790A1 JP 2013073173 W JP2013073173 W JP 2013073173W WO 2014034790 A1 WO2014034790 A1 WO 2014034790A1
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- aligning agent
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- 0 CCCC=*(C=*(C)C)N Chemical compound CCCC=*(C=*(C)C)N 0.000 description 8
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
- C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display element containing a polymer obtained by using a diamine compound having a specific structure.
- the liquid crystal alignment film is a component used for the purpose of controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal alignment film in the liquid crystal display element is formed by, for example, a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent (simply, a liquid crystal alignment agent) comprising a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid or a polymer such as soluble polyimide as a main component and dissolving them in a solvent. Also used.) Then, it is applied to a TFT (thin film transistor) substrate, a glass substrate with ITO (tin-doped indium oxide) or the like, and baked to form a polymer film.
- a so-called polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment film is mainly used as the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment film it is possible to improve the above-described problem of residual charges due to application of a DC voltage, and to shorten the time until the afterimage of the liquid crystal display element generated by the DC voltage disappears.
- a material using a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a tertiary amine having a specific structure see, for example, Patent Document 1
- a specific diamine compound having a pyridine or imidazole skeleton, etc. as a raw material
- the thing using the liquid crystal aligning agent containing soluble polyimide for example, refer patent document 2 etc. are known.
- N-methylpyrrolidone is used as a solvent.
- N-methylpyrrolidone is excellent in solubility and can dissolve the above-mentioned polymer well, on the other hand, when the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied by ink jet, the protrusion is often dissolved. Therefore, a liquid crystal aligning agent that does not use N-methylpyrrolidone as a solvent is demanded.
- the polyamic acid and / or polyimide (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a polymer) using the above-mentioned specific diamine compound having an aromatic heterocycle such as pyridine or imidazole skeleton is not limited to N-methylpyrrolidone. Many were poor in solubility in solvents. Therefore, a polymer used for forming a liquid crystal alignment film is required to realize excellent solubility so as to be soluble in a solvent other than N-methylpyrrolidone.
- the present inventor has found a specific diamine compound of the present invention having a novel structure, and a liquid crystal alignment containing a polymer obtained by using the diamine compound as a component. It has been found that the agent achieves the above objective. That is, the present invention has the following gist.
- Boc represents a t-butyloxycarbonyl group.
- R 1 is a single bond, —CH 2 — or —CH 2 CH 2 —, and R 2 is —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO.
- Me represents a methyl group
- R 3 is a single bond or a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein any hydrogen atom of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is a carboxy group, an ester group, or (It may be replaced by an acylamino group
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 5 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 1, R 2 , R 3, R 4 and R 5 are as defined for R 1, R 2, R 3 , R 4 and R 5 of formula (1).
- a liquid crystal alignment film obtained by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of 1 to 4 above, drying and firing. 6). 6. The liquid crystal alignment film as described in 5 above, wherein the firing temperature is 50 to 300 ° C. 7). 7. The liquid crystal alignment film according to 5 or 6 above, wherein the film thickness after firing is 5 to 300 nm. 8). 8. A liquid crystal display device having the liquid crystal alignment film as described in any one of 5 to 7 above.
- Boc represents a t-butyloxycarbonyl group.
- R 1 is a single bond, —CH 2 — or —CH 2 CH 2 —, and R 2 is —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO.
- Me represents a methyl group
- R 3 is a single bond or a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein any hydrogen atom of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is a carboxy group, an ester group, or (It may be replaced by an acylamino group
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 5 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 1, R 2 , R 3, R 4 and R 5 are as defined for R 1, R 2, R 3 , R 4 and R 5 of formula (1).
- a polymer having excellent solubility is obtained, and a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal alignment film formed from a liquid crystal alignment agent containing the polymer has a voltage holding property and a residual property. It has excellent afterimage characteristics derived from electric charges, and is used as a display device that is lightweight, thin and has low power consumption.
- DOTA-2 is an X-ray structural analysis image of a compound (DA-A-2) which is a precursor of a diamine compound.
- a polyimide precursor formed as a polymer using a diamine compound (also referred to as a specific diamine compound) which is a compound of the present invention and / or a polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyimide precursor is excellent in solubility, and N— It is also soluble in solvents other than methyl pyrrolidone. That is, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent using a solvent other than N-methylpyrrolidone at least in part.
- the liquid crystal aligning film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent containing the polyimide which imidized the polyimide precursor and / or the polyimide precursor which were formed as a polymer using the diamine compound which is the compound of this invention is liquid crystal
- the movement of charges in the alignment film can be promoted.
- the voltage holding ratio is high, and even after being exposed to a high temperature for a long time, the residual charge accumulated by the DC voltage can be quickly relaxed.
- a liquid crystal display element having a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent containing a polyimide precursor and / or polyimide as a polymer using the diamine compound of the present invention has excellent reliability, and is large.
- the screen can be suitably used for a high-definition liquid crystal television or the like.
- the compound of the present invention that is, a specific diamine compound, a polymer obtained using the specific diamine compound, a liquid crystal aligning agent containing the polymer as a component, a liquid crystal alignment film formed using the same, and a liquid crystal thereof A liquid crystal display element having an alignment film will be described.
- the specific diamine compound of the present invention is a compound represented by any one of the following formulas (1) and (2).
- Boc represents a t-butyloxycarbonyl group, and the same applies to the following formulas.
- R 1 is a single bond, —CH 2 — or —CH 2 CH 2 —, and R 2 is —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO— or —N (COMe) — (wherein Me represents a methyl group).
- R 3 is a single bond or a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein any hydrogen atom of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is replaced with a carboxy group, an ester group, or an acylamino group. May be.
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 5 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 1, R 2, R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are as defined for R 1, R 2, R 3 , R 4 and R 5 of formula (1).
- diamine compounds represented by the following formulas (3) and (4) are preferable.
- Me represents a methyl group, and the same applies to the following formulas.
- the method for producing the specific diamine compound represented by any one of the above formulas (1) and (2) of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, it can be obtained by preparing corresponding dinitro compounds represented by the following formulas (5) and (6), reducing these nitro groups, and converting them to amino groups.
- R 1 is a single bond, —CH 2 — or —CH 2 CH 2 —, and R 2 is —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO— or —N (COMe) — (wherein Me represents a methyl group).
- R 3 is a single bond or a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein any hydrogen atom of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is replaced with a carboxy group, an ester group, or an acylamino group. May be.
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 5 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- dinitro compounds represented by the above formulas (5) and (6) the following formula (7) and formula (7), which are suitable for the synthesis of the diamine compounds represented by the above formulas (3) and (4),
- the dinitro compound represented by 8) is preferred.
- the method for reducing the dinitro compound of the formula (5) and the formula (6) represented by the dinitro compound of the formula (7) and the formula (8) is not particularly limited, and usually palladium-carbon, Using platinum oxide, Raney nickel, iron, tin chloride, platinum black, rhodium-alumina, platinum sulfide carbon, etc. as a catalyst, hydrogen gas, hydrazine, hydrogen chloride in solvents such as ethyl acetate, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, alcohols, etc. It is possible to apply a reaction using ammonium chloride or the like.
- the polymer of the present invention is at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor obtained by using the diamine component containing the specific diamine compound described above, and a polyimide obtained by imidizing this polyimide precursor.
- a polyamic acid obtained by the reaction of a diamine component containing the specific diamine compound described above and tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a polyimide obtained by dehydrating and ring-closing this polyamic acid.
- These polyimide precursors and polyimide are both contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent, and can be effectively used as a polymer for obtaining a liquid crystal aligning film.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained using the polymer of the present invention has a higher voltage holding ratio and is exposed to a high temperature for a long time as the content ratio of the specific diamine compound in the diamine component for forming the liquid crystal alignment film increases. Even so, it is possible to accelerate the relaxation of the residual charges accumulated by the DC voltage.
- the diamine component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is a specific diamine compound. More preferably, 10 mol% or more of the diamine component is the specific diamine compound, and more preferably 15 mol% or more.
- the specific diamine compound is preferably 80 mol% or less of the diamine component, more preferably It is 70 mol% or less.
- diamine compounds examples include diamine compounds having an alkyl group, a fluorine-containing alkyl group, an aromatic ring, an aliphatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, and a cyclic substituent composed thereof as a diamine side chain.
- diamine compound examples include diamine compounds represented by the following formulas [DA1] to [DA26].
- R 11 is an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- R 12 is —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CH 2 —, —O—, —CO—, or —NH—.
- R 13 is an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- R 14 represents —O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —COOCH 2 —, or —CH 2 OCO—.
- R 15 is an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, a fluorine-containing alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group.
- R 16 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COOCH 2 —, —CH 2 OCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH. 2 — or —CH 2 —.
- R 17 is an alkyl group, alkoxy group, fluorine-containing alkyl group, or fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- R 18 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COOCH 2 —, —CH 2 OCO—, —CH 2 O—, — OCH 2 —, —CH 2 —, —O—, or —NH—.
- R 19 is a fluorine group, a cyano group, a trifluoromethane group, a nitro group, an azo group, a formyl group, an acetyl group, an acetoxy group, or a hydroxyl group.
- examples of other diamine compounds include diaminosiloxanes represented by the following formula [DA27].
- m is an integer of 1 to 10.
- the other diamine compound is a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polymer, and when the liquid crystal alignment film is formed, one kind or two or more kinds are selected depending on the properties of the liquid crystal orientation, voltage holding, accumulated charge, etc. It can also be used by mixing.
- the polyamic acid which is a polymer of the present invention can be synthesized by reacting a diamine component containing the above-mentioned specific diamine compound with tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride to be reacted with the diamine component is not particularly limited.
- the preferable specific example is given below.
- One or two tetracarboxylic dianhydrides are used depending on the properties of the liquid crystal alignment property, voltage holding, accumulated charge, etc. when a liquid crystal alignment film is formed using a liquid crystal alignment agent containing a polymer. These can be used together.
- a known synthesis method can be used.
- it is a method of reacting a tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a diamine component in an organic solvent.
- the reaction between the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine component is advantageous in that it proceeds relatively easily in an organic solvent and no by-product is generated.
- the organic solvent used for the reaction between the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine component is not particularly limited as long as the generated polyamic acid dissolves. Specific examples are given below.
- the solution in which the diamine component is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent is stirred, and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is used as it is or in an organic solvent.
- a method of adding by dispersing or dissolving a method of adding a diamine component to a solution in which tetracarboxylic dianhydride is dispersed or dissolved in an organic solvent, and alternately adding a tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a diamine component. Any of these methods may be used.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride or diamine component consists of a plurality of types of compounds
- they may be reacted in a premixed state, may be individually reacted sequentially, or may be further reacted individually. May be mixed and reacted to obtain a polymer as a high molecular weight product.
- the polymerization temperature at the time of reacting the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine component can be selected from -20 to 150 ° C, preferably in the range of -5 to 100 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out at any concentration, but if the concentration is too low, it will be difficult to obtain a high molecular weight polymer, and if the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the reaction solution will become too high and uniform stirring will occur. Since it becomes difficult, the total concentration of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine component in the reaction solution is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
- the initial stage of the reaction is carried out at a high concentration, and then an organic solvent can be added.
- the ratio of the total number of moles of tetracarboxylic dianhydride to the total number of moles of the diamine component is preferably 0.8 to 1.2. Similar to the normal polymerization reaction, the closer the molar ratio is to 1.0, the higher the molecular weight of the polyamic acid produced.
- the polyamic acid ester which is a kind of polyimide precursor in the present invention can be synthesized by the following methods (1) to (3).
- the polyamic acid ester can be synthesized by esterifying the polyamic acid described above. Specifically, the polyamic acid and the esterifying agent are reacted in the presence of an organic solvent at ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours. Can be synthesized.
- the esterifying agent is preferably one that can be easily removed by purification, and N, N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide diethyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide dipropyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide Dineopentyl butyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide di-t-butyl acetal, 1-methyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-ethyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-propyl-3-p -Tolyltriazene, 4- (4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) -4-methylmorpholinium chloride and the like.
- the addition amount of the esterifying agent is preferably 2 to 6 molar equivalents per 1 mol of the polyamic acid repeating unit.
- the solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or ⁇ -butyrolactone in view of polymer solubility. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Good.
- the concentration at the time of synthesis is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is unlikely to occur and a high molecular weight product is easily obtained.
- tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride and diamine in the presence of a base and an organic solvent at ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C., for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours. It can be synthesized by reacting.
- a base pyridine, triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine and the like can be used, but pyridine is preferable because the reaction proceeds gently.
- the addition amount of the base is preferably 2 to 4 times the molar amount of the tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride from the viewpoint of easy removal and high molecular weight.
- the solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone in view of the solubility of the monomer and polymer, and these may be used alone or in combination.
- the polymer concentration at the time of synthesis is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is difficult to occur and a high molecular weight product is easily obtained.
- the solvent used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid ester is preferably dehydrated as much as possible, and it is preferable to prevent mixing of outside air in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Polyamic acid ester is compoundable by polycondensing the diamine containing the tetracarboxylic-acid diester and the specific diamine mentioned above. Specifically, tetracarboxylic acid diester and diamine in the presence of a condensing agent, a base, and an organic solvent at 0 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 100 ° C., for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 3 to 15 It can synthesize
- condensing agent examples include triphenyl phosphite, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, N, N′-carbonyldiimidazole, dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazide.
- Nylmethylmorpholinium O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N , N ′, N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, (2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-benzoxazolyl) phosphonate diphenyl, and the like.
- the addition amount of the condensing agent is preferably 2 to 3 times the molar amount of the tetracarboxylic acid diester.
- tertiary amines such as pyridine and triethylamine can be used.
- the addition amount of the base is preferably 2 to 4 times mol with respect to the diamine component from the viewpoint of easy removal and high molecular weight.
- the reaction proceeds efficiently by adding Lewis acid as an additive.
- Lewis acid lithium halides such as lithium chloride and lithium bromide are preferable.
- the addition amount of the Lewis acid is preferably 0 to 1.0 times mol with respect to the diamine component.
- the synthesis method (1) or (2) is particularly preferable.
- the polyamic acid ester solution obtained as described above can be polymerized by pouring into a poor solvent while stirring well. Precipitation is performed several times, and after washing with a poor solvent, a purified polyamic acid ester powder can be obtained at room temperature or by heating and drying.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyamic acid ester is preferably 5,000 to 300,000, and more preferably 10,000 to 200,000.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 2,500 to 150,000, and more preferably 5,000 to 100,000.
- the polymer of this invention can also consist of a polyimide which imidated said polyimide precursor.
- the dehydration ring closure rate (imidation rate) of the amic acid group is not necessarily 100%, and can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the application and purpose.
- the polyimide of the present invention as a method of imidizing the polyimide precursor, thermal imidation in which a polyimide precursor solution such as polyamic acid is heated as it is, or catalyst imidation in which a catalyst is added to the polyimide precursor solution is used. Can be mentioned.
- the temperature in the case of thermally imidizing a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid in a solution is 100 to 400 ° C., preferably 120 to 250 ° C., and the method is performed while removing water generated by the imidation reaction from the system. preferable.
- Catalytic imidation of a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid is performed by adding a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride to a polyamic acid solution and stirring at -20 to 250 ° C, preferably 0 to 180 ° C. Can do.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times the amount of the amic acid group, and the amount of the acid anhydride is 1 to 50 mol times of the amic acid group, preferably 3 to 30 mole times.
- the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine, and the like. Among them, pyridine is preferable because it has an appropriate basicity for proceeding with the reaction.
- Examples of the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like. Among these, use of acetic anhydride is preferable because purification after completion of the reaction is facilitated.
- the imidization rate by catalytic imidation can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the reaction solution When recovering the produced polyimide from the reaction solution, the reaction solution may be poured into a poor solvent and precipitated.
- the poor solvent used for precipitation include methanol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, toluene, benzene, and water.
- the polymer precipitated in a poor solvent and collected by filtration can be dried at normal temperature or under reduced pressure at room temperature or by heating.
- impurities in the polymer can be reduced.
- the poor solvent at this time include alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons and the like, and it is preferable to use three or more kinds of poor solvents selected from these because purification efficiency is further improved.
- the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor and polyimide contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is GPC (Gel) in consideration of the strength of the coating film obtained therefrom, the workability during coating film formation, and the uniformity of the coating film.
- the weight average molecular weight measured by the Permeation Chromatography method is preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, and more preferably 10,000 to 150,000.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is a coating solution for forming a liquid crystal alignment film, and is a solution in which a polymer component for forming a polymer film is dissolved in a solvent.
- the polymer component includes at least one polymer of the above-described polymers of the present invention.
- the content of the polymer component is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 3 to 15% by mass, and particularly preferably 3 to 10% by mass in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- all of the above-described polymer components may be the polymer of the present invention described above, and may contain other polymers as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.05 to 4 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the polymer of the present invention. Part.
- polymers mentioned above include, for example, a polyamic acid obtained by reacting with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component using a diamine compound other than the specific diamine compound mentioned above, or a polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyamic acid. It is done.
- the solvent used in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably an organic solvent that dissolves the polymer component, and specific examples thereof are given below.
- organic solvents examples include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, 2-pyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, tetra Methyl urea, pyridine, dimethyl sulfone, hexamethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolidinone, ethyl amyl ketone, methyl nonyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, cyclohexanone, ethylene carbonate, propylene Examples thereof include carbonate, diglyme and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone. These may be used alone or in combination.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain components other than the polymer components described above. Examples thereof include solvents and compounds that improve the film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness when a liquid crystal aligning agent is applied, and compounds that improve the adhesion between the liquid crystal aligning film and the substrate.
- Examples of the solvent that improves the uniformity of the film thickness and the surface smoothness include poor solvents that have low solubility in the polymer component in the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent.
- Specific examples of the poor solvent include the following.
- the poor solvent may be used alone or in combination.
- the poor solvent is preferably 5 to 80% by mass, more preferably 20 to 60% by mass, based on the entire solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Examples of the compound that improves the uniformity of the film thickness and the surface smoothness when the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied include a fluorine-based surfactant, a silicone-based surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant.
- Ftop (registered trademark) EF301, EF303, EF352 (above, manufactured by Tochem Products Co., Ltd.), MegaFac (registered trademark) F171, F173, R-30 (above, Dainippon Ink, Inc.) ), FLORARD FC430, FC431 (above, manufactured by Sumitomo 3M), Asahi Guard (registered trademark) AG710 (above, manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), Surflon (registered trademark) S-382, SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, SC106 (above, AGC Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.) etc. are mentioned.
- the use ratio of these surfactants is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. is there.
- Specific examples of the compound that improves the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include the following functional silane-containing compounds and epoxy group-containing compounds.
- the amount used is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent, More preferably, it is 1 to 20 parts by mass. If the amount used is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the effect of improving the adhesion cannot be expected, and if it exceeds 30 parts by mass, the orientation of the liquid crystal may deteriorate.
- a dielectric material or a dielectric material may be used for the purpose of changing the electrical properties such as the dielectric constant and conductivity of the liquid crystal aligning film as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- a conductive substance, and further a crosslinkable compound for the purpose of increasing the hardness and density of the liquid crystal alignment film may be added.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be used as a liquid crystal aligning film after being applied on a substrate, dried, baked to form a coating film, and then subjected to an alignment treatment by rubbing treatment, light irradiation or the like. Further, in vertical alignment applications, etc., it can be used as a liquid crystal alignment film without alignment treatment.
- the substrate to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a glass substrate or a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can be used.
- an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used on one substrate, and in this case, a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used as the electrode.
- a method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, but industrially, a method of performing screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, inkjet, or the like is common. Other coating methods include a dipping method, a roll coater method, a slit coater method, and a spinner method, and these may be used depending on the purpose.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is excellent in solubility of the polymer (polymer) component contained, and can be prepared by selecting various solvents. can do.
- Drying after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent on the substrate is carried out by heating means such as a hot plate at 40 to 130 ° C., preferably 50 to 110 ° C. for 20 to 600 seconds, preferably 40 to 300 seconds to evaporate the solvent. And a coating film can be formed.
- heating means such as a hot plate at 40 to 130 ° C., preferably 50 to 110 ° C. for 20 to 600 seconds, preferably 40 to 300 seconds to evaporate the solvent.
- a coating film can be formed.
- Firing after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent on the substrate and drying it is performed at a temperature of 50 to 300 ° C., preferably 80 to 250 ° C. for 5 to 120 minutes, preferably 8 by a heating means such as a hot plate, oven or IR oven.
- the polyimide precursor can be polyimideized to form an imidized polymer coating. If the thickness of the coating film formed after baking is too thick, it is disadvantageous in terms of power consumption of the liquid crystal display element, and if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered.
- the thickness is preferably 10 to 100 nm.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention was prepared by forming a liquid crystal alignment film on the substrate from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention by the above manufacturing method to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film, and then preparing a liquid crystal cell by a known method. A liquid crystal display element is obtained.
- a pair of substrates with a liquid crystal alignment film on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed is prepared, spacers are scattered on the liquid crystal alignment film of one substrate, and the liquid crystal alignment film surface is on the inside.
- the other substrate is bonded and the liquid crystal is injected under reduced pressure to seal, or the liquid crystal is dropped on the liquid crystal alignment film surface on which the spacers are dispersed and then the substrate is bonded and sealed.
- the thickness of the spacer at this time defines the thickness of the liquid crystal between the substrates in the liquid crystal display element, and is preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- a liquid crystal display element manufactured by forming a liquid crystal alignment film using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has excellent reliability, and is suitable for a large-screen, high-definition liquid crystal television or the like. Available.
- the molecular weight of the polymer was measured as follows using a normal temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) apparatus (GPC-101) manufactured by Showa Denko KK and a column (KD-803, KD-805) manufactured by Shodex.
- GPC normal temperature gel permeation chromatography
- FIG. 1 is an X-ray structural analysis image of a compound (DA-A-2) which is a precursor of a diamine compound used in the examples.
- the compound obtained from 1 H-NMR was a single isomer (DA-C-2 (3N-Boc isomer)).
- the structure of this isomer was determined by 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR.
- 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR measurement data for the obtained compound (DA-C-2 (3N-Boc isomer)) are shown below.
- Example 1 (Preparation of liquid crystal aligning agent) (Example 1) In a 50 mL four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a nitrogen introduction tube, 0.457 g (3.00 mmol) of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid was added, 3.75 g of NMP was added, and the mixture was stirred and dissolved while feeding nitrogen. . Next, 1.039 g (3.00 mmol) of DA-A, 0.801 g (4.00 mmol) of ODA, and 1.87 g of GBL were added, and the mixture was stirred and dissolved while feeding nitrogen.
- liquid crystal aligning agent (A-1). It was.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent did not show any turbidity or precipitation, and was confirmed to be a uniform solution.
- Example 2 In a 50 mL four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a nitrogen inlet tube, 2.355 g (6.80 mmol) of DA-A and 2.02 g (10.20 mmol) of DDM, 6.94 g of NMP, and GBL were taken. 3.47 g was added and dissolved by stirring while feeding nitrogen. While stirring this diamine solution, 1.634 g (8.33 mmol) of CBDA and 5.55 g of GBL were added and stirred for 2 hours under water cooling. Next, 2.127 g (8.50 mmol) of BODA and 18.7 g of GBL were added and stirred for 24 hours under water cooling.
- liquid crystal aligning agent (A-2). It was.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent did not show any turbidity or precipitation, and was confirmed to be a uniform solution.
- liquid crystal aligning agent (B-1). It was.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent did not show any turbidity or precipitation, and was confirmed to be a uniform solution.
- Example 3 (Measurement of volume resistivity) (Example 3) Using the liquid crystal aligning agents obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples, the solution was filtered through a 0.2 ⁇ m filter and then spin-coated on a glass substrate with an ITO transparent electrode. Then, it dried for 2 minutes on an 80 degreeC hotplate, and baked at 230 degreeC for 20 minutes, and formed the coating film with a film thickness of 100 nm. Aluminum was vapor-deposited on the surface of the coating film through a mask to form a 1.0 mm ⁇ upper electrode (aluminum electrode), which was used as a sample for volume resistivity measurement. A DC voltage of 1 V was applied between the ITO electrode and the aluminum electrode of this sample, the current value 180 seconds after the voltage application was measured, and the volume resistivity was calculated from this value, the electrode area, and the film thickness. The measurement results are summarized in Table 1.
- Example 4 After the liquid crystal aligning agents obtained in the examples and comparative examples are filtered through a 0.2 ⁇ m filter, the electrodes have comb-like shapes and are arranged so that the comb-tooth portions are spaced apart from each other.
- the substrate was spin coated. Then, it dried for 2 minutes on an 80 degreeC hotplate, and baked at 230 degreeC for 20 minutes, and obtained the coating film with a film thickness of 100 nm.
- This polyimide film was rubbed with a rayon cloth (roll diameter: 120 mm, rotation speed: 1000 rpm, moving speed: 20 mm / sec, pushing amount: 0.3 mm, angle of 15 degrees with respect to the IPS comb electrode). Then, ultrasonic cleaning was performed in pure water for 1 minute, and drying was performed at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film. Further, a coating film was similarly formed on a glass substrate having a columnar spacer with a height of 4 ⁇ m on which no electrode was formed as a counter substrate, and the same orientation treatment was performed.
- the above-mentioned two substrates are combined into one set, and a sealing agent is printed on one substrate and bonded so that the rubbing directions of the two substrates are opposite to each other by 180 degrees, and then the sealing agent is cured to be emptied.
- a cell was produced.
- Liquid crystal MLC-2041 manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.
- Example 5 Each liquid crystal cell (IPS mode liquid crystal cell) produced in Example 4 was used, and measurement was performed using a 6254 type liquid crystal physical property evaluation apparatus manufactured by Toyo Corporation. A voltage of 4V is applied to each liquid crystal cell for 60 ⁇ s at a temperature of 60 ° C., and the voltage holding ratio after 1667 msec from application release ((voltage after 1667 msec from application release) / voltage immediately after application) ⁇ 100%) was measured. The measurement results are summarized in Table 1.
- Example 6 Evaluation of residual image derived from residual charge by DC voltage.
- IPS mode liquid crystal cell Each liquid crystal cell (IPS mode liquid crystal cell) produced in Example 4 was placed on a light source, and after measuring VT characteristics (voltage-transmittance characteristics), a rectangle with an AC voltage / 60 Hz at which the transmittance was 23%. Waves were applied for 10 minutes. Next, 1V DC was superimposed on 23.0% AC voltage / 60 Hz rectangular wave and driven for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the DC voltage was turned off, and again driven with only 23% AC voltage / 60 Hz rectangular wave for 30 seconds, and the transmittance of the liquid crystal cell thereafter was measured. The difference ( ⁇ T (%)) between the obtained transmittance and the initial transmittance (23.0%) was evaluated as an afterimage derived from a residual charge generated by a DC voltage in the liquid crystal display element. The evaluation results are summarized in Table 1.
- the polymers of the examples of the present invention are excellent in solubility. Furthermore, the liquid crystal aligning film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent of an Example has a low volume resistivity compared with the liquid crystal aligning film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent of a comparative example. That is, the compounds of the examples were able to form a polymer having excellent solubility, the liquid crystal aligning agent was easy to prepare, and a liquid crystal alignment film having a low volume resistivity could be formed. Furthermore, it was found that the liquid crystal cell having the liquid crystal alignment film of the example had excellent afterimage characteristics and a high voltage holding ratio, and had performance required for a liquid crystal display element.
- liquid crystal aligning agent containing the polymer of the present invention By using the liquid crystal aligning agent containing the polymer of the present invention, it becomes possible to obtain a liquid crystal aligning film having excellent electrical characteristics and improved display defects such as afterimages. Therefore, it can be used in large-sized liquid crystal televisions for which high display quality has been demanded, or in liquid crystal display elements such as smartphones and tablet devices for which display quality has been rapidly improved in recent years.
- liquid crystal aligning agent containing the polymer of the present invention By using the liquid crystal aligning agent containing the polymer of the present invention, it becomes possible to obtain a liquid crystal aligning film having excellent electrical characteristics and improved display defects such as afterimages. Therefore, it can be used in large-sized liquid crystal televisions for which high display quality has been demanded, or in liquid crystal display elements such as smartphones and tablet devices for which display quality has been rapidly improved in recent years.
- the entire contents of the specification, claims, drawings, and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-188874 filed on August 29, 2012 are cited herein as disclosure of the specification
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Abstract
Description
したがって、液晶配向膜の形成に用いられる重合体においては、N-メチルピロリドン以外の溶媒に可溶となるような、優れた溶解性の実現が求められている。
すなわち、本発明は以下の要旨を有するものである。
3.前記ジアミン化合物が、下記式(3)及び(4)よりなる群から選択された1種以上である、上記1又は2に記載の液晶配向剤。
(Bocは、t-ブチルオキシカルボニル基を表し、Meはメチル基を表す。)
4.前記重合体の含有量が、液晶配向剤中、1~20質量%である、上記1~3のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
6.前記焼成の温度が、50~300℃である、上記5に記載の液晶配向膜。
7.焼成後の膜厚が、5~300nmである、上記5又は6に記載の液晶配向膜。
8.上記5~7のいずれかに記載の液晶配向膜を有する液晶表示素子。
10.式(1)及び式(2)における、R5が水素である、上記9に記載のジアミン化合物。
11.式(1)及び式(2)における、R4がメチル基である、上記9又は10に記載のジアミン化合物。
12.下記式(3)及び式(4)のうちのいずれかで表されるジアミン化合物。
(Bocは、t-ブチルオキシカルボニル基を表し、Meはメチル基を表す。)
さらに、電圧保持率が高く、かつ高温下に長時間曝された後であっても、直流電圧により蓄積する残留電荷の緩和が速いという特性を有することができる。
本発明の特定ジアミン化合物は、下記式(1)及び式(2)のうちのいずれかで表される化合物である。
尚、下記式(1)及び式(2)において、Bocは、t-ブチルオキシカルボニル基を表し、以下の各式中においても同様である。
R3は単結合又は炭素数1~20の2価の脂肪族炭化水素基であり、ここで脂肪族炭化水素基の任意の水素原子は、カルボキシ基、エステル基、又はアシルアミノ基に置き換えられていてもよい。
R4は水素原子又は炭素数1~20のアルキル基であり、R5は水素原子又は炭素数1~20のアルキル基である。)
本発明の上記式(1)及び式(2)のうちのいずれかで表される特定ジアミン化合物を製造する方法は特に限定されない。
例えば、対応する下記式(5)及び式(6)で表されるジニトロ化合物を準備し、それらニトロ基を還元し、アミノ基に変換することで得られる。
R3は単結合又は炭素数1~20の2価の脂肪族炭化水素基であり、ここで脂肪族炭化水素基の任意の水素原子は、カルボキシ基、エステル基、又はアシルアミノ基に置き換えられていてもよい。
R4は水素原子又は炭素数1~20のアルキル基であり、R5は水素原子又は炭素数1~20のアルキル基である。)
本発明の重合体は、上述した特定ジアミン化合物を含有するジアミン成分を用いて得られるポリイミド前駆体、及びこのポリイミド前駆体をイミド化して得られるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体、なかでも、上述した特定ジアミン化合物を含有するジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物との反応によって得られるポリアミック酸及びこのポリアミック酸を脱水閉環させて得られるポリイミドである。
これらのポリイミド前駆体及びポリイミドは、いずれも液晶配向剤に含有されて、液晶配向膜を得るための重合体として有効に用いることができる。
本発明においては、本発明の効果を損なわない限りにおいて、特定ジアミン化合物に加えて、その他のジアミン化合物を、重合体を形成するためのジアミン成分として併用することができる。その他のジアミン化合物の具体例を以下に挙げる。
R15は炭素数1~22のアルキル基、アルコキシ基、フッ素含有アルキル基、又はフッ素含有アルコキシ基である。
R17は、炭素数1~22の、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、フッ素含有アルキル基、又はフッ素含有アルコキシ基である。
R19はフッ素基、シアノ基、トリフルオロメタン基、ニトロ基、アゾ基、ホルミル基、アセチル基、アセトキシ基、又は水酸基である。
本発明の重合体であるポリアミック酸は、上述した特定ジアミン化合物を含むジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物とを反応させることにより合成することができる。
例えば、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミン成分とを有機溶媒中で反応させる方法である。テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミン成分との反応は、有機溶媒中で比較的容易に進行し、かつ副生成物が発生しない点で有利である。
また、反応は任意の濃度で行うことができるが、濃度が低すぎると高分子量の重合体を得ることが難しくなり、濃度が高すぎると反応液の粘性が高くなり過ぎて、均一な攪拌が困難となるので、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミン成分の反応溶液中での合計濃度が、好ましくは1~50質量%、より好ましくは5~30質量%である。反応初期は高濃度で行い、その後、有機溶媒を追加することができる。
本発明におけるポリイミド前駆体の一種であるポリアミック酸エステルは、以下に示す(1)~(3)の方法で合成することができる。
(1)ポリアミック酸から合成する場合
ポリアミック酸エステルは、上記したポリアミック酸をエステル化することによって合成することができる。
具体的には、ポリアミック酸とエステル化剤を有機溶媒の存在下で-20℃~150℃、好ましくは0℃~50℃において、30分~24時間、好ましくは1~4時間反応させることによって合成することができる。
エステル化剤としては、精製によって容易に除去できるものが好ましく、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジメチルアセタール、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジエチルアセタール、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジプロピルアセタール、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジネオペンチルブチルアセタール、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジ-t-ブチルアセタール、1-メチル-3-p-トリルトリアゼン、1-エチル-3-p-トリルトリアゼン、1-プロピル-3-p-トリルトリアゼン、4-(4,6-ジメトキシー1,3,5-トリアジンー2-イル)-4-メチルモルホリニウムクロリドなどが挙げられる。エステル化剤の添加量は、ポリアミック酸の繰り返し単位1モルに対して、2~6モル当量が好ましい。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドと上述した特定ジアミンを含むジアミンから合成することができる。
前記塩基には、ピリジン、トリエチルアミン、4-ジメチルアミノピリジンなどが使用できるが、反応が穏和に進行するためにピリジンが好ましい。塩基の添加量は、除去が容易な量で、かつ高分子量体が得やすいという観点から、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドに対して、2~4倍モルであることが好ましい。
また、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドの加水分解を防ぐため、ポリアミック酸エステルの合成に用いる溶媒はできるだけ脱水されていることが好ましく、窒素雰囲気中で、外気の混入を防ぐのが好ましい。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルと上述した特定ジアミンを含むジアミンを重縮合することにより合成することができる。
具体的には、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンを縮合剤、塩基、及び有機溶媒の存在下で0℃~150℃、好ましくは0℃~100℃において、30分~24時間、好ましくは3~15時間反応させることによって合成することができる。
前記塩基には、ピリジン、トリエチルアミンなどの3級アミンが使用できる。塩基の添加量は、除去が容易な量で、かつ高分子量体が得やすいという観点から、ジアミン成分に対して2~4倍モルが好ましい。
上記3つのポリアミック酸エステルの合成方法の中でも、高分子量のポリアミック酸エステルが得られるため、上記(1)又は上記(2)の合成法が特に好ましい。
上記のようにして得られるポリアミック酸エステルの溶液は、よく撹拌させながら貧溶媒に注入することで、ポリマーを析出させることができる。析出を数回行い、貧溶媒で洗浄後、常温あるいは加熱乾燥して精製されたポリアミック酸エステルの粉末を得ることができる。貧溶媒は、特に限定されないが、水、メタノール、エタノール、ヘキサン、ブチルセロソルブ、アセトン、トルエン等が挙げられる。
ポリアミック酸エステルの重量平均分子量は、好ましくは5,000~300,000であり、より好ましくは、10,000~200,000である。また、数平均分子量は、好ましくは、2,500~150,000であり、より好ましくは、5,000~100,000である。
本発明の重合体は、上記のポリイミド前駆体をイミド化したポリイミドからなることもできる。本発明のポリイミドにおいて、アミック酸基の脱水閉環率(イミド化率)は、必ずしも100%である必要はなく、用途や目的に応じて任意に調整することができる。
塩基性触媒の量は、アミック酸基の0.5~30モル倍、好ましくは2~20モル倍であり、酸無水物の量は、アミック酸基の1~50モル倍、好ましくは3~30モル倍である。
塩基性触媒としてはピリジン、トリエチルアミン、トリメチルアミン、トリブチルアミン、トリオクチルアミン等を挙げることができ、なかでもピリジンは反応を進行させるのに適度な塩基性を持つので好ましい。
触媒イミド化によるイミド化率は、触媒量と反応温度、反応時間を調節することにより制御することができる。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、液晶配向膜を形成するための塗布液であり、高分子被膜を形成するための高分子成分が溶媒中に溶解した溶液である。ここで、高分子成分には、上述した本発明の重合体のうちの少なくとも一種の重合体が含まれる。
高分子成分の含有量は、液晶配向剤中、1~20質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは3~15質量%、特に好ましくは3~10質量%である。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、基板上に塗布し、乾燥させ、焼成して塗膜を形成した後、ラビング処理や光照射等により配向処理をして、液晶配向膜として用いることができる。また、垂直配向用途等では配向処理無しで液晶配向膜として用いることができる。
用いる基板としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板、又はアクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板等のプラスチック基板等を用いることができる。また、液晶駆動のためのITO電極などが形成された基板を用いることが、プロセスの簡素化の観点から好ましい。さらに、反射型の液晶表示素子においては、片側の基板についてシリコンウエハ等の不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極はアルミ等の光を反射する材料も使用することができる。
特に、本発明の液晶配向剤は、含有する高分子(重合体)成分が溶解性に優れ、多様な溶媒を選択して調製することが可能であり、例えば、インクジェット法等にも好適に適用することができる。
焼成後に形成される塗膜の厚みは、厚すぎると液晶表示素子の消費電力の面で不利となり、薄すぎると液晶表示素子の信頼性が低下する場合があるので、好ましくは5~300nm、より好ましくは10~100nmである。液晶を水平配向や傾斜配向させる場合は、焼成後の塗膜をラビング又は偏光紫外線照射等で配向処理する。
(有機溶媒)
DMF:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド
THF:テトラヒドロフラン
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
GBL:γ-ブチロラクトン
BCS:エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
BDA:1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
PMDA:ピロメリット酸二無水物
CBDA:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
BODA:ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン-2,4,6,8-テトラカルボン酸二無水物
ODA:4,4’-オキシジアニリン
DDM:4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン
DA-B:下記式DA-Bのジアミン
[1H-NMR]
装置:フーリエ変換型超伝導核磁気共鳴装置(FT-NMR)INOVA-400(Varian社製)400MHz
溶媒:重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6)又は重水素化クロロホルム(CDCl3)
標準物質:テトラメチルシラン(TMS)
積算回数:8、又は32
装置:APEX2(Bruker社製)
測定温度:298.0K
X線:Cu
ポリマーの分子量は、昭和電工社製 常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(GPC-101)、Shodex社製カラム(KD-803、KD-805)を用い、以下のようにして測定した。
溶離液:N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L(リットル)、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量 約900000、150000、100000、及び30000)、及び、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(分子量 約12000、4000、及び1000)。
以下に示す3ステップの経路で芳香族ジアミン化合物(DA-A)を合成した。尚、芳香族ジアミン化合物(DA-A)は、上記式(3)の特定ジアミン化合物に該当する。
第1ステップ:1N-Boc-4-ヒドロキシメチル-5-メチルイミダゾール(DA-A-1)の合成
(DA-C-1) 1H-NMR (CDCl3, δppm):8.03 (s, 1H, -N=C(H)-N-), 4.83 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H, OH), 4.29 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H, CH2), 2.36 (s, 3H, -C=C(N)CH3), 1.55 (s, 9H, t-Bu).
図1は、実施例で用いたジアミン化合物の前駆体である化合物(DA-A-2)のX線構造解析像である。
(DA-A-2)1H-NMR (CDCl3, δppm):9.21 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H, C6H3(NO2)2), 9.16 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H, C6H3(NO2)2), 8.07 (s, 1H, -N=C(H)-N-), 5.39 (s, 2H, CH2), 2.53 (s, 3H, -C=C(N)CH3), 1.64 (s, 9H, t-Bu).
(DA-A-2)13C-NMR (CDCl3, δppm) :162.5, 148.5, 147.5, 137.4, 133.8, 133.6, 129.6, 128.7, 122.4, 85.9, 70.0, 27.9, 11.0 (each s).
構造式:C17H18N4O8
結晶系:単斜晶系(Monoclinic)
空間群:P21/c
格子状数:a = 8.5079(5)Å
b = 19.6087(12) Å
c = 11.3540(8) Å
β= 92.852(4)°
Z値:4
R/WR:0.33/0.11
得られた化合物(DA-C-2(3N-Boc体))に関する1H-NMR及び13C-NMRの測定データは以下に示す。
(DA-C-2)1H-NMR (CDCl3, δppm):9.22 (t, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H, C6H3(NO2)2), 9.13 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 2H, C6H3(NO2)2), 8.11 (s, 1H, -N=C(H)-N-), 5.64 (s, 2H, CH2), 2.34 (s, 3H, -C=C(N)CH3), 1.64 (s, 9H, t-Bu).
(DA-C-2)13C-NMR (CDCl3, δppm) 162.2, 148.6, 147.0, 142.5, 138.7, 133.8, 129.5, 122.4, 120.2, 86.1, 57.5, 27.9, 12.7 (each s).
13C-NMR (CDCl3,δppm):166.7, 147.5, 147.4, 136.9, 134.8, 131.6, 127.7, 106.7, 105.5, 85.4, 58.9, 27.7, 10.8 (each s).
13C-NMR (CDCl3,δppm):166.6, 147.5, 147.3, 141.6, 138.5, 131.8, 121.1, 106.8, 105.7, 85.8, 56.0, 27.8, 12.7 (each s).
(実施例1)
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの50mL四つ口フラスコに、3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸を0.457g(3.00mmol)取り、NMPを3.75g加え、窒素を送りながら攪拌し、溶解させた。次に、DA-Aを1.039g(3.00mmol)、ODAを0.801g(4.00mmol)、及びGBLを1.87g加えて、窒素を送りながら攪拌し、溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を攪拌しながら、BDAを0.594g(3.00mmol)、及びGBLを3.00g加え、水冷下で2時間攪拌した。次に、PMDAを1.505g(6.9mmol)、及びGBLを10.12g加え、水冷下で24時間攪拌した。得られたポリアミック酸溶液の、温度25.0℃における粘度は3010mPa・sであった。また、このポリアミック酸の分子量は、Mn=17015であり、Mw=42151であった。さらに、この溶液に、NMP/GBL比が2/8(容積比、以下同様である。)の混合溶液で、0.3質量%に希釈した3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン溶液を4.40g加え、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの50mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-Aを2.355g(6.80mmol)、及びDDMを2.02g(10.20mmol)取り、NMPを6.94g、及びGBLを3.47g加え、窒素を送りながら攪拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を攪拌しながら、CBDAを1.634g(8.33mmol)、及びGBLを5.55g加え、水冷下で2時間攪拌した。次に、BODAを2.127g(8.50mmol)、及びGBLを18.7g加え、水冷下で24時間攪拌した。得られたポリアミック酸溶液の、温度25.0℃における粘度は99.3mPa・sであった。また、このポリアミック酸の分子量は、Mn=5245であり、Mw=9647であった。さらに、この溶液にNMP/GBL比が2/8の混合溶液で、0.3質量%に希釈した3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン溶液を8.14g加え、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの50mL四つ口フラスコに、3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸を0.913g(6.00mmol)取り、NMPを6.67g加え、窒素を送りながら攪拌し溶解させた。次に、ODAを2.803g(14.0mmol)、及びGBLを3.34g加えて、窒素を送りながら攪拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を攪拌しながら、BDAを1.189g(6.00mmol)、及びGBLを4.67g加え、水冷下で2時間攪拌した。次に、PMDAを2.923g(13.4mmol)、及びGBLを18.7g加え、水冷下で24時間攪拌した。得られたポリアミック酸溶液の、温度25.0℃における粘度は3701mPa・sであった。また、このポリアミック酸の分子量は、Mn=11194であり、Mw=26713であった。さらに、この溶液にNMP/GBL比が2/8の混合溶液で、0.3質量%に希釈した3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン溶液を7.83g加え、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの50mL四つ口フラスコに、3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸を0.457g(3.00mmol)取り、NMPを3.53g加え、窒素を送りながら攪拌し溶解させた。次に、DA-Bを0.778g(3.00mmol)、ODAを0.801g(4.00mmol)、及びGBLを1.76g加えて、窒素を送りながら攪拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を攪拌しながら、BDAを0.594g(3.00mmol)、及びGBLを2.82g加え、水冷下で2時間攪拌した。次に、PMDAを1.505g(6.9mmol)、及びGBLを9.52g加え、水冷下で24時間攪拌した。しかしながら、反応途中に重合体の析出が起こり、液晶配向剤を調製することはできなかった。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの50mL四つ口フラスコに、DDMを3.965g(20.0mmol)取り、NMPを7.15g、及びGBLを3.58g加え、窒素を送りながら攪拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を攪拌しながら、CBDAを1.922g(9.80mmol)、及びGBLを5.72g加え、水冷下で2時間攪拌した。次に、BODAを2.502g(10.0mmol)、及びGBLを12.2g加え、水冷下で24時間攪拌した。得られたポリアミック酸溶液の、温度25.0℃における粘度は1534mPa・sであった。また、このポリアミック酸の分子量は、Mn=13910であり、Mw=41256であった。さらに、この溶液にNMP/GBL比が2/8の混合溶液で、0.3質量%に希釈した3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン溶液を8.39g加え、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの50mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-Bを1.76g(6.80mmol)、及びDDMを2.02g(10.20mmol)取り、NMPを6.43g、及びGBLを3.22g加え、窒素を送りながら攪拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を攪拌しながら、CBDAを1.634g(8.33mmol)、及びGBLを5.15g加え、水冷下で2時間攪拌した。次に、BODAを2.127g(8.50mmol)、及びGBLを17.3g加え、水冷下で24時間攪拌した。しかしながら、反応途中に重合体の析出が起こり、ポリアミック酸溶液は得られず、液晶配向剤を調製することはできなかった。
(実施例3)
実施例及び比較例で得られた液晶配向剤を用い、0.2μmのフィルターで濾過した後、ITO透明電極付きガラス基板上にスピンコート塗布した。その後、80℃のホットプレート上で2分間乾燥し、230℃で20分焼成して、膜厚100nmの塗膜を形成させた。この塗膜表面に、マスクを介してアルミニウムを蒸着させ、1.0mmφの上部電極(アルミニウム電極)を形成し、体積抵抗率測定用の試料とした。この試料のITO電極とアルミニウム電極との間に1Vの直流電圧を印加し、電圧印加から180秒後の電流値を測定し、この値と電極面積、膜厚から体積抵抗率を算出した。
測定結果は、表1にまとめて示した。
(実施例4)
実施例及び比較例で得られた液晶配向剤を0.2μmのフィルターで濾過した後、電極として、それぞれくし歯状の形状を有して、互いのくし歯部分が離間してかみ合うように配置された、一対のITO電極(電極幅:10μm、電極間隔:10μm、電極高さ:50nm)を有するインプレインスイッチング(In Plain Switching:以下、IPSと言う。)駆動用電極が形成されているガラス基板にスピンコートした。その後、80℃のホットプレート上で2分間乾燥し、230℃で20分間焼成して、膜厚100nmの塗膜を得た。このポリイミド膜をレーヨン布でラビング(ロール径120mm、回転数1000rpm、移動速度20mm/sec、押し込み量0.3mm、IPSくし歯電極に対し15度の角度)した。その後、純水中にて1分間超音波洗浄を行い、80℃で10分間乾燥させ、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。また、対向基板として、電極が形成されていない高さ4μmの柱状スペーサを有するガラス基板にも、同様に塗膜を形成し、同様の配向処理を施した。
(実施例5)
実施例4で作製した各液晶セル(IPSモード液晶セル)を用い、東陽テクニカ社製の6254型液晶物性評価装置を用いて測定を行った。60℃の温度下で各液晶セルに4Vの電圧を60μ秒印加し、印加解除から1667m秒後の電圧保持率((印加解除から1667m秒後の電圧)/印加直後の電圧)×100%)を測定した。
測定結果は、表1にまとめて示した。
(実施例6)
実施例4で作製した各液晶セル(IPSモード液晶セル)を光源上に置き、V-T特性(電圧-透過率特性)を測定した後、透過率が23%となる交流電圧/60Hzの矩形波を10分間印加した。次に、23.0%交流電圧/60Hz矩形波に、直流1Vを重畳し30分間駆動させた。その後、直流電圧を切り、再び、23%交流電圧/60Hz矩形波のみで30秒駆動させ、その後の液晶セルの透過率を測定した。得られた透過率と初期透過率(23.0%)との差(ΔT(%))を、液晶表示素子内に直流電圧により発生した残留電荷由来の残像として評価した。
評価結果は、表1にまとめて示した。
さらに、実施例の液晶配向膜を有する液晶セルは、優れた残像特性と高い電圧保持率を有し、液晶表示素子に求められる性能を有することが分かった。
なお、2012年8月29日に出願された日本特許出願2012-188874号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (13)
- 下記式(1)及び式(2)で表されるジアミン化合物よりなる群から選択された1種以上を含有するジアミン成分を用いて得られるポリイミド前駆体、及びこのポリイミド前駆体をイミド化して得られるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
- 前記ポリイミド前駆体が、式(1)及び式(2)で表されるジアミン化合物よりなる群から選択された1種以上を含有するジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物との反応によって得られるポリアミック酸である請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記重合体の含有量が、液晶配向剤中、1~20質量%である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤を塗布し、乾燥し、焼成して得られることを特徴とする液晶配向膜。
- 前記焼成の温度が、50~300℃である、請求項5に記載の液晶配向膜。
- 焼成後の膜厚が、5~300nmである、請求項5又は6に記載の液晶配向膜。
- 請求項5~7のいずれかに記載の液晶配向膜を有する液晶表示素子。
- 下記式(1)及び式(2)のうちのいずれかで表されるジアミン化合物。
- 式(1)及び式(2)における、R5が水素である、請求項9に記載のジアミン化合物。
- 式(1)及び式(2)における、R4がメチル基である、請求項9又は10に記載のジアミン化合物。
- 請求項9~12のいずれかに記載のジアミン化合物よりなる群から選択された1種以上を用いて得られる重合体。
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- 2013-08-29 CN CN201380055734.3A patent/CN104756001B/zh active Active
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- 2013-08-29 KR KR1020157007457A patent/KR102125106B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-08-29 WO PCT/JP2013/073173 patent/WO2014034790A1/ja active Application Filing
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WO2010050523A1 (ja) * | 2008-10-29 | 2010-05-06 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | ジアミン、ポリイミド、液晶配向剤及び液晶配向膜 |
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CN105567259A (zh) * | 2014-11-05 | 2016-05-11 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶取向剂、液晶取向膜、液晶显示元件、聚合物及化合物 |
CN105567259B (zh) * | 2014-11-05 | 2020-03-13 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶取向剂、液晶取向膜、液晶显示元件及聚合物 |
JP2016186568A (ja) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-10-27 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及びその製造方法、液晶表示素子、位相差フィルム及びその製造方法、重合体並びに化合物 |
KR20190125459A (ko) | 2017-03-22 | 2019-11-06 | 닛산 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 중합체 및 그것을 사용한 액정 배향제 |
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KR102125106B1 (ko) | 2020-06-19 |
JPWO2014034790A1 (ja) | 2016-08-08 |
CN104756001A (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
CN104756001B (zh) | 2017-08-11 |
TWI605091B (zh) | 2017-11-11 |
TW201431954A (zh) | 2014-08-16 |
JP6233309B2 (ja) | 2017-11-22 |
KR20150052111A (ko) | 2015-05-13 |
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