WO2013001623A1 - 固体電解質層、二次電池用電極層および全固体二次電池 - Google Patents
固体電解質層、二次電池用電極層および全固体二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013001623A1 WO2013001623A1 PCT/JP2011/064936 JP2011064936W WO2013001623A1 WO 2013001623 A1 WO2013001623 A1 WO 2013001623A1 JP 2011064936 W JP2011064936 W JP 2011064936W WO 2013001623 A1 WO2013001623 A1 WO 2013001623A1
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- solid electrolyte
- electrode layer
- secondary battery
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- sulfide solid
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/10—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances sulfides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid electrolyte layer that has flexibility and suppresses a decrease in ion conductivity.
- lithium batteries which have the advantages of light weight, high output, and high energy density, are widely used as power sources for small portable electronic devices and portable information terminals, and support the current information society. Further, lithium batteries are attracting attention as power sources for electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, and further higher energy density, improved safety, and larger size are required.
- lithium batteries currently on the market use an electrolyte containing a flammable organic solvent, it is possible to install safety devices that suppress the temperature rise during short circuits and to improve the structure and materials to prevent short circuits. Necessary.
- a lithium battery in which the electrolyte is changed to a solid electrolyte layer to make the battery completely solid does not use a flammable organic solvent in the battery, so the safety device can be simplified, and manufacturing costs and productivity can be reduced. It is considered excellent.
- Patent Document 1 a solid electrolyte layer and an electrode layer using hydrogenated butadiene rubber (HBR) as a binder and 0.5Li 2 S-0.5P 2 S 5 as a sulfide solid electrolyte material are provided. It is disclosed. Moreover, in patent document 2, the binder for hydrogen storage alloy electrodes containing a hydrogenated block copolymer is disclosed.
- HBR hydrogenated butadiene rubber
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its main object to provide a solid electrolyte layer that has flexibility and suppresses a decrease in ion conductivity.
- the present invention includes a sulfide solid electrolyte material substantially free of cross-linked sulfur and a branched polymer that binds the sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- a solid electrolyte layer is provided.
- the material has flexibility and ion conductivity (for example, Li ion conductivity). It can be set as the solid electrolyte layer which suppressed the fall of this.
- the branched polymer is preferably a hydrogenated polymer. This is because an increase in resistance of the solid electrolyte layer can be suppressed.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material is preferably a Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 material. It is because it can be set as the sulfide solid electrolyte material excellent in Li ion conductivity.
- the present invention also includes an active material, a sulfide solid electrolyte material substantially free of cross-linked sulfur, and a branched polymer that binds the active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- An electrode layer for a secondary battery is provided.
- the material has flexibility and ion conductivity (for example, Li ion conductivity). It can be set as the electrode layer for secondary batteries which suppressed the fall of this.
- the branched polymer is preferably a hydrogenated polymer. This is because an increase in resistance and a decrease in capacity of the secondary battery electrode layer can be suppressed.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material is preferably a Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 material. It is because it can be set as the sulfide solid electrolyte material excellent in Li ion conductivity.
- an all-solid secondary having a positive electrode layer containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode layer containing a negative electrode active material, and a solid electrolyte layer formed between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer.
- An all-solid secondary battery is provided, wherein the solid electrolyte layer is the solid electrolyte layer described above.
- an all-solid secondary battery with low battery resistance can be obtained by using the above-described solid electrolyte layer.
- an all-solid secondary having a positive electrode layer containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode layer containing a negative electrode active material, and a solid electrolyte layer formed between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer.
- An all-solid secondary battery is provided, wherein at least one of the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer is the above-described electrode layer for a secondary battery.
- an all-solid secondary battery with low battery resistance can be obtained by using the electrode layer for a secondary battery described above. Moreover, the production
- the solid electrolyte layer of the present invention is characterized by containing a sulfide solid electrolyte material having substantially no cross-linked sulfur and a branched polymer binding the sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- the material has flexibility and ion conductivity (for example, Li ion conductivity). It can be set as the solid electrolyte layer which suppressed the fall of this. It is considered that the branched polymer can bind to the sulfide solid electrolyte material at a plurality of points when added to the solid electrolyte layer. Therefore, flexibility and high binding force can be obtained by adding a small amount, and a decrease in ion conductivity can be suppressed.
- flexibility and ion conductivity for example, Li ion conductivity
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material having substantially no bridging sulfur is used. Since bridging sulfur (for example, bridging sulfur of S 3 P—S—PS 3 units) is highly reactive, it reacts with the binder to cause deterioration of the sulfide solid electrolyte material. On the other hand, since the sulfide solid electrolyte material in the present invention has substantially no cross-linked sulfur, the sulfide solid electrolyte material is hardly deteriorated and can suppress a decrease in ion conductivity of the solid electrolyte layer.
- bridging sulfur for example, bridging sulfur of S 3 P—S—PS 3 units
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the solid electrolyte layer of the present invention.
- a solid electrolyte layer 10 shown in FIG. 1 contains a sulfide solid electrolyte material 1 substantially free of bridging sulfur and a branched polymer 2 that binds the sulfide solid electrolyte material 1.
- the solid electrolyte layer of the present invention will be described for each configuration.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material in the present invention has substantially no cross-linking sulfur.
- bridged sulfur refers to an —S—bonded sulfur element generated during the synthesis of the sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- substantially no cross-linking sulfur means that the ratio of cross-linking sulfur contained in the sulfide solid electrolyte material is so small that the reaction with the branched polymer does not deteriorate the sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- the ratio of cross-linking sulfur is, for example, preferably 10 mol% or less, and more preferably 5 mol% or less.
- substantially no cross-linking sulfur can be confirmed by a Raman spectroscopic spectrum.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material in the present invention is a Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 material
- a peak of S 3 P—S—PS 3 unit (P 2 S 7 unit) having bridging sulfur may occur.
- This peak usually appears at 402 cm ⁇ 1 . Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable that this peak is not detected.
- the peak of PS 4 units usually appears at 417 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the intensity I 402 at 402 cm -1 is preferably smaller than the intensity I 417 at 417 cm -1.
- the intensity I 402 is, for example, preferably 70% or less, more preferably 50% or less, and even more preferably 35% or less.
- a unit having cross-linked sulfur is specified, and the peak of the unit is measured, so that it has substantially no cross-linked sulfur. Judgment can be made.
- substantially no cross-linked sulfur can be confirmed by using the raw material composition ratio when synthesizing the sulfide solid electrolyte material and the NMR measurement result in addition to the measurement result of the Raman spectrum. Can do.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it does not substantially contain crosslinking sulfur.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material contains, for example, Li 2 S and sulfides of elements of Group 13 to Group 15.
- the thing which uses a raw material composition can be mentioned.
- the Group 13 to Group 15 elements include B, Al, Si, Ge, P, As, and Sb.
- Examples of the Group 13 to Group 15 element sulfides include: Specific examples include B 2 S 3 , Al 2 S 3 , SiS 2 , GeS 2 , P 2 S 3 , P 2 S 5 , As 2 S 3 , Sb 2 S 3 and the like.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material using a raw material composition containing Li 2 S and a sulfide of an element belonging to Group 13 to Group 15 is Li 2 S—P 2 S 5.
- the material is Li 2 S—SiS 2 material, Li 2 S—GeS 2 material, Li 2 S—Al 2 S 3 material or Li 2 S—B 2 S 3 material, and Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 materials are more preferable.
- Li and the 2 S-P 2 S 5 material a sulfide solid electrolyte material obtained by using a raw material composition containing Li 2 S and P 2 S 5, Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 the main What is necessary is just to contain as a raw material, and also other materials may be included. The other description is the same.
- Li 2 S contained in the raw material composition preferably has few impurities. This is because side reactions can be suppressed. Examples of the method for synthesizing Li 2 S include the method described in JP-A-7-330312. Furthermore, Li 2 S is preferably purified using the method described in WO2005 / 040039.
- the raw material composition includes Li 3 PO 4 , Li 4 SiO 4 , Li 4 GeO 4 , Li 3 BO 3, and Li 3. It may contain at least one lithium orthooxoate selected from the group consisting of AlO 3 . By adding such a lithium orthooxo acid, a more stable sulfide solid electrolyte material can be obtained.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material in the present invention when the sulfide solid electrolyte material in the present invention is formed using a raw material composition containing Li 2 S, the sulfide solid electrolyte material preferably has substantially no Li 2 S. .
- substantially free of Li 2 S it means that it does not contain Li 2 S derived from starting materials substantially.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material tends to contain Li 2 S. Conversely, if the ratio of Li 2 S in the raw material composition is too small, the sulfide The solid electrolyte material tends to contain the above-mentioned crosslinked sulfur.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material in the present invention does not substantially contain bridging sulfur and Li 2 S
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material usually has an ortho composition or a composition in the vicinity thereof.
- ortho generally refers to one having the highest degree of hydration among oxo acids obtained by hydrating the same oxide.
- the crystal composition in which Li 2 S is added most in the sulfide is called the ortho composition.
- Li 3 PS 4 corresponds to the ortho composition
- Li 2 S—SiS 2 system Li 4 SiS 4 corresponds to the ortho composition
- Li 2 S—GeS 2 system Li 4 GeS 4 corresponds to the ortho composition
- Li 2 S—Al 2 S 3 system corresponds to the Li 3 AlS 3 ortho composition
- Li 2 S—B 2 S 3 system corresponds to the Li 3 BS 3 ortho composition. Applicable.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material is a Li 2 S—Al 2 S 3 material or a Li 2 S—B 2 S 3 material.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material is a Li 2 S—SiS 2 material
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material in the present invention may be sulfide glass, or may be crystallized sulfide glass obtained by heat-treating the sulfide glass.
- the sulfide glass can be obtained, for example, by subjecting the raw material composition to an amorphization method.
- the amorphization method include a mechanical milling method and a melt quenching method, and among them, the mechanical milling method is preferable. This is because processing at room temperature is possible, and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- Mechanical milling is not particularly limited as long as the raw material composition is mixed while imparting mechanical energy, and examples thereof include a ball mill, a turbo mill, a mechano-fusion, and a disk mill.
- a ball mill is preferable, and a planetary ball mill is particularly preferable. This is because a desired sulfide solid electrolyte material can be obtained efficiently. Moreover, it is preferable to set the conditions of mechanical milling so that a desired sulfide solid electrolyte material can be obtained.
- crystallized sulfide glass can be obtained, for example, by heat-treating sulfide glass at a temperature equal to or higher than the crystallization temperature. That is, a crystallized sulfide glass can be obtained by subjecting the raw material composition to an amorphization method and further a heat treatment. Depending on the heat treatment conditions, bridging sulfur and Li 2 S may be generated or a stable phase may be generated. Therefore, in the present invention, the heat treatment temperature and the heat treatment time are adjusted so that they are not formed. It is preferable to do.
- the shape of the sulfide solid electrolyte material in the present invention examples include a particle shape, and among them, a true spherical shape or an elliptical spherical shape is preferable.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) is preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, for example.
- the said average particle diameter can be determined with a particle size distribution meter, for example.
- the Li ion conductivity at room temperature is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm or more, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S. / Cm or more is more preferable.
- the content of the sulfide solid electrolyte material in the solid electrolyte layer is preferably large. Specifically, it is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, further preferably 90% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 95% by mass or more.
- the branched polymer in the present invention binds the above-described sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- “branched” refers to a structure in which a linear polymer extends in three or four directions from a central carbon atom
- “linear” refers to a carbon atom that forms the main chain of the polymer. Refers to a structure in which a single chain is formed without forming a branched structure.
- the carbon number of the main chain of each linear polymer contained in the branched polymer is, for example, preferably 10 or more, more preferably 100 or more, and further 1,000 or more. It is particularly preferred. On the other hand, the carbon number of the main chain of each linear polymer contained in the branched polymer is preferably at least 20,000 or less.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining material binding by a branched polymer and an unbranched polymer.
- the branched polymer has many contact points with the material, so that the binding force is high, whereas the non-branched polymer is shown in FIG. 2 (b). Then, since there are few contact points with material, a binding force will become low.
- desired flexibility can be achieved with a small amount of binder, and since there are few binders, high ion conductivity can be maintained. Can do.
- the branched polymer in the present invention is preferably an elastomer. This is because it has excellent binding properties.
- the elastomer may be a thermosetting elastomer or a thermoplastic elastomer, but is preferably a thermosetting elastomer, more preferably a rubber.
- the rubber may be vulcanized or unvulcanized.
- the branched polymer in the present invention is preferably a hydrocarbon polymer.
- the hydrocarbon-based polymer may be composed of carbon and hydrogen, or may be one in which part or all of the hydrogen bonded to carbon is substituted with halogen such as fluorine.
- the hydrocarbon polymer may be a diene polymer having a double bond in the main chain, or a non-diene polymer having no double bond in the main chain. Of these, the latter is preferred. This is because the non-diene polymer does not have a double bond in the main chain, and thus has low reactivity, can suppress deterioration of the sulfide solid electrolyte material, and can suppress increase in battery resistance.
- the non-diene polymer include olefin polymers such as ethylene propylene rubber (EPM), fluorine polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), and the like.
- examples of the diene polymer include styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR), isoprene rubber (IR), chloroprene rubber (CR), and the like.
- the branched polymer is preferably a hydrogenated polymer. This is because an increase in resistance of the solid electrolyte layer can be suppressed. Since the unsaturated bond of the branched polymer is reduced by hydrogenation, the reactivity between the branched polymer and the non-crosslinked sulfur contained in the sulfide solid electrolyte material and the slightly present crosslinked sulfur is reduced, and the sulfurated It can be set as the solid electrolyte layer which can suppress deterioration of a solid electrolyte material and suppress an increase in resistance. In the secondary battery electrode layer described in “B.
- the branched polymer is a hydrogenated polymer, the resistance and capacity of the secondary battery electrode layer are increased. Can be suppressed.
- the branched polymer is easily elastically deformed, and the expansion and contraction of the active material accompanying charge / discharge is easily absorbed. Thereby, it can suppress that electrode materials, such as an active material and sulfide solid electrolyte material, peel from the electrode layer for secondary batteries, and it can be set as the electrode layer for secondary batteries which suppressed the capacity
- hydrogenated polymer examples include hydrogenated styrene butadiene rubber (HSBR), hydrogenated butadiene rubber (HBR), hydrogenated isoprene rubber (HIR), etc.
- HSBR and HBR are preferable. This is because high flexibility can be imparted to the solid electrolyte layer.
- the hydrogenation rate of the hydrogenated polymer is, for example, preferably 90% or more, and more preferably 95% or more. This is because if the hydrogenation rate of the hydrogenated polymer is too low, the unsaturated bonds in the branched polymer are not removed so much that the above-described effects of hydrogenation may not be fully exhibited.
- the number average molecular weight of the branched polymer is, for example, preferably in the range of 1,000 to 700,000, more preferably in the range of 10,000 to 500,000, and 150,000 to 300,000. More preferably, it is within the range of 1,000. This is because if the molecular weight of the branched polymer is too small, the desired flexibility may not be obtained. If the molecular weight of the branched polymer is too large, the solubility in a solvent is lowered, and the desired dispersion state is reduced. This is because it may not be obtained.
- the number average molecular weight of the branched polymer can be measured, for example, by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the content of the branched polymer in the solid electrolyte layer varies depending on the type of the branched polymer, but is preferably in the range of 0.01% by mass to 30% by mass, for example, More preferably, it is in the range of 10% by mass to 10% by mass. If the content of the branched polymer is too small, the desired flexibility may not be obtained, and if the content of the branched polymer is too large, the ionic conductivity may be lowered. It is.
- Solid electrolyte layer The solid electrolyte layer of the present invention preferably has a desired flexibility. It is because it is excellent in workability and moldability. Examples of the shape of the solid electrolyte layer include a sheet shape and a pellet shape.
- the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer is not particularly limited. For example, the thickness is preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
- the method for producing the solid electrolyte layer of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of forming the solid electrolyte layer.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material and a branched polymer are contained in a solvent.
- examples thereof include a method of preparing a slurry by mixing, applying the slurry onto a substrate using a coating method such as a doctor blade method, a die coating method, or a gravure coating method, and then drying the solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as the sulfide solid electrolyte material and the branched polymer can be dispersed.
- nonpolar solvent examples include saturated hydrocarbon solvents, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, fluorine solvents, chlorine solvents, and the like.
- the electrode layer for a secondary battery of the present invention contains an active material, a sulfide solid electrolyte material substantially free of cross-linked sulfur, and a branched polymer that binds the active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte material. It is characterized by doing.
- the material has flexibility and ion conductivity (for example, Li ion conductivity). It can be set as the electrode layer for secondary batteries which suppressed the fall of this.
- ion conductivity for example, Li ion conductivity
- the advantages of the sulfide solid electrolyte material and the branched polymer in the present invention are the same as those described in “A. Solid electrolyte layer” above.
- the active material contained in the electrode layer for secondary batteries reacts with the sulfide solid electrolyte material having bridging sulfur to generate a high resistance layer.
- generation of a high resistance layer can be suppressed by using the sulfide solid electrolyte material which does not have bridge
- the electrode layer for a secondary battery having a lower resistance can be obtained.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the electrode layer for a secondary battery of the present invention.
- the electrode layer 11 for a secondary battery shown in FIG. 3 includes an active material 3, a sulfide solid electrolyte material 1 substantially free of cross-linked sulfur, and a branch that binds the active material 3 and the sulfide solid electrolyte material 1.
- Type polymer 2 is contained.
- the electrode layer for a secondary battery of the present invention contains at least an active material, a sulfide solid electrolyte material, and a branched polymer.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material and the branched polymer are the same as the contents described in the above “A. Solid electrolyte layer”, and thus the description thereof is omitted here.
- the active material in the present invention may be a positive electrode active material or a negative electrode active material.
- a positive electrode active material is preferable, and an oxide positive electrode active material is particularly preferable. This is because the oxide positive electrode active material easily reacts with the sulfide solid electrolyte material having bridging sulfur to easily form a high resistance layer.
- the use of a sulfide solid electrolyte material that does not substantially contain bridging sulfur can suppress the generation of a high resistance layer.
- the electrode layer for secondary batteries with a high energy density can be obtained by using an oxide positive electrode active material.
- M is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Ni, V and Fe, and preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni and Mn. More preferred.
- oxide positive electrode active material specifically, a rock salt layered positive electrode active material such as LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiVO 2 , LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 or the like. , LiMn 2 O 4 , Li (Ni 0.5 Mn 1.5 ) O 4 and other spinel type positive electrode active materials.
- oxide positive electrode active materials other than the above-mentioned general formula Li x M y O z, LiFePO 4, LiMnPO 4, LiCoPO olivine-type positive electrode active material such 4, Si content, such as Li 2 FeSiO 4, Li 2 MnSiO 4 A positive electrode active material etc. can be mentioned.
- examples of the negative electrode active material in the present invention include a metal active material and a carbon active material.
- examples of the metal active material include In, Al, Si, and Sn.
- examples of the carbon active material include mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), highly oriented graphite (HOPG), hard carbon, and soft carbon.
- the shape of the active material examples include a particle shape, and among them, a true spherical shape or an elliptical spherical shape is preferable.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) is preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, for example.
- the said average particle diameter can be determined with a particle size distribution meter, for example.
- the content of the active material in the electrode layer for a secondary battery is, for example, preferably in the range of 10% by mass to 99% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 20% by mass to 90% by mass. .
- the content of the sulfide solid electrolyte material in the electrode layer for the secondary battery is, for example, preferably in the range of 1% by mass to 90% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 10% by mass to 50% by mass. preferable. This is because if the content of the sulfide solid electrolyte material is too small, the ionic conductivity of the electrode layer for the secondary battery may be lowered. If the content of the sulfide solid electrolyte material is too large, the capacity decreases. This is because there is a possibility of occurrence.
- the content of the branched polymer in the electrode layer for a secondary battery is, for example, preferably in the range of 0.01% by mass to 30% by mass, and in the range of 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass. Is more preferable. This is because if the content of the branched polymer is too small, the desired flexibility may not be obtained. If the content of the branched polymer is too large, the ionic conductivity and the electronic conductivity may be reduced. Because there is sex.
- the electrode layer for a secondary battery of the present invention contains at least the above-mentioned active material, sulfide solid electrolyte material, and branched polymer. Furthermore, the electrode layer for secondary batteries of the present invention may contain a conductive material. By adding a conductive material, the electronic conductivity of the electrode layer for a secondary battery can be improved. Examples of the conductive material include acetylene black, ketjen black, and carbon fiber. Moreover, it is preferable that the electrode layer for secondary batteries of this invention has desired flexibility. It is because it is excellent in workability and moldability. Examples of the shape of the electrode layer for the secondary battery include a sheet shape and a pellet shape. The thickness of the secondary battery electrode layer varies depending on the type of the intended all-solid secondary battery and the use of the secondary battery electrode layer, and may be in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, for example. preferable.
- the method for producing the electrode layer for the secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of obtaining the electrode layer for the secondary battery.
- the active material, the sulfide solid electrolyte material is used.
- a slurry is prepared by mixing a branched polymer and a branched polymer in a solvent, and applying the slurry onto a substrate using a coating method such as a doctor blade method, a die coating method, or a gravure coating method, followed by drying the solvent Etc.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as the active material, the sulfide solid electrolyte material, and the branched polymer can be dispersed.
- nonpolar solvent examples include saturated hydrocarbon solvents, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, fluorine solvents, chlorine solvents, and the like.
- the all solid state secondary battery of the present invention has a positive electrode layer containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode layer containing a negative electrode active material, and a solid electrolyte layer formed between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer It is. Furthermore, the all solid state secondary battery of the present invention can be roughly divided into two embodiments. Hereinafter, each embodiment will be described.
- 1st embodiment 1st embodiment of the all-solid-state secondary battery of this invention is embodiment which the said solid electrolyte layer is a solid electrolyte layer described in said "A. solid electrolyte layer.”
- the solid electrolyte layer described above by using the solid electrolyte layer described above, an all-solid secondary battery with low battery resistance can be obtained.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the power generation element of the all solid state secondary battery of the present invention.
- the power generation element 20 of the all-solid-state secondary battery shown in FIG. 4 includes a positive electrode layer 12, a negative electrode layer 13, and a solid electrolyte layer 14 formed between the positive electrode layer 12 and the negative electrode layer 13.
- the solid electrolyte layer 14 is the above-described solid electrolyte layer.
- the all-solid-state secondary battery according to this aspect has at least a power generation element including a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer formed between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer. Furthermore, it usually has a positive electrode current collector for collecting current in the positive electrode layer and a negative electrode current collector for collecting current in the negative electrode layer.
- a positive electrode current collector for collecting current in the positive electrode layer
- a negative electrode current collector for collecting current in the negative electrode layer.
- examples of the material for the positive electrode current collector include SUS, aluminum, nickel, iron, titanium, and carbon. Among them, SUS is preferable.
- examples of the material for the negative electrode current collector include SUS, copper, nickel, and carbon. Among them, SUS is preferable.
- the thickness and shape of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are preferably appropriately selected according to the use of the all-solid secondary battery.
- the battery case of a general all-solid-state secondary battery can be used for a battery case. Examples of the battery case include a SUS battery case.
- Examples of the all-solid secondary battery of this embodiment may include an all-solid lithium secondary battery, an all-solid sodium secondary battery, an all-solid magnesium secondary battery, and an all-solid calcium secondary battery.
- a solid lithium secondary battery is preferred.
- Examples of the shape of the all-solid-state secondary battery of this embodiment include a coin type, a laminate type, a cylindrical type, and a square type.
- the manufacturing method of the all-solid-state secondary battery of this aspect will not be specifically limited if it is a method which can obtain the all-solid-state secondary battery mentioned above, The manufacturing method of a general all-solid-state secondary battery The same method can be used.
- a second embodiment of the all-solid-state secondary battery according to the present invention is such that at least one of the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer is an electrode for a secondary battery described in “B. Electrode layer for secondary battery”.
- an all-solid-state secondary battery with low battery resistance can be obtained by using the secondary battery electrode layer described above.
- the electrode layer for secondary batteries contains an active material, it can suppress that a high resistance layer is produced
- At least one of the positive electrode layer 12 and the negative electrode layer 13 in FIG. 4 is the above-described electrode layer for a secondary battery, and both the positive electrode layer 12 and the negative electrode layer 13 are the above-described secondary layers.
- a battery electrode layer is preferred. This is because an increase in battery resistance can be further suppressed.
- the solid electrolyte layer is preferably the solid electrolyte layer described in the above “A. Solid electrolyte layer”. This is because an increase in battery resistance can be further suppressed. Since other matters such as the configuration of the all-solid-state secondary battery other than the power generation element are the same as the contents described in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted here.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention, and any device that exhibits the same function and effect is the present invention. It is included in the technical scope of the invention.
- Example 1 Synthesis of sulfide solid electrolyte material substantially free of cross-linked sulfur
- the pot was attached to a planetary ball mill (P7 made by Fritsch), and mechanical milling was performed at a rotation speed of 300 rpm for 20 hours to obtain a sulfide solid electrolyte material (75Li 2 S ⁇ 25P 2 S 5 glass).
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material 75Li 2 S ⁇ 25P 2 S 5 glass.
- a solid electrolyte sheet was prepared in an inert gas.
- 75Li 2 S ⁇ 25P 2 S 5 glass 1000 mg
- branched hydrogenated butadiene rubber as a branched polymer
- JSR Corporation hydrogenation rate 94%, number average molecular weight 500,000
- heptane 660 mg
- this slurry was applied onto a SUS foil at a basis weight of 16.1 mg / cm 2 , and heat treatment was performed at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes to dry the solvent heptane. Thereby, a solid electrolyte sheet was obtained. Furthermore, a solid electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as above except that the addition amount of the branched polymer was changed to 20 mg and 30 mg. In addition, when the addition amount of the branched polymer was 10 mg, 20 mg, and 30 mg, it was set as 1 mass% addition, 2 mass% addition, and 3 mass% addition, respectively.
- Example 1 (Measurement of binding force) Using the solid electrolyte sheets obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the binding force was measured. First, the solid electrolyte sheet cut out to ⁇ 16 mm was attached to a push-pull gauge base with a double-sided tape. Next, a double-sided tape was affixed to the terminal of the push-pull gauge, pressed against the solid electrolyte sheet, and then the tensile strength when lifting the gauge was measured. The results are shown in Table 1 for Example 1 and Table 2 for Comparative Example 1, respectively. Further, FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the binder addition amount and the binding force.
- Example 1 the solid electrolyte sheet was flexible with a binder addition amount of 1 mass%, so that the solid electrolyte layer was produced with a Li ion conductivity maintenance rate of 93%. It was confirmed that it was possible.
- Table 2 in Comparative Example 1, a binding force equivalent to that of the solid electrolyte sheet having the binder addition amount of 1 mass% in Example 1 was obtained with the binder addition amount of 2 mass%. Since flexibility was obtained in the solid electrolyte sheet, it was confirmed that a solid electrolyte layer could be produced with a Li ion conductivity maintenance rate of 70%.
- Example 1 From this, it was shown that by using a branched polymer, flexibility can be obtained with a small amount of addition, and high Li ion conductivity can be maintained. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, it was confirmed that in Example 1, a high binding force was obtained with a small addition amount as compared with Comparative Example 1.
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Abstract
Description
まず、本発明の固体電界質層について説明する。本発明の固体電解質層は、実質的に架橋硫黄を有しない硫化物固体電解質材料と、上記硫化物固体電解質材料を結着する分岐型ポリマーとを含有することを特徴とするものである。
以下、本発明の固体電解質層について、構成ごとに説明する。
まず、本発明における硫化物固体電解質材料について説明する。本発明における硫化物固体電解質材料は、実質的に架橋硫黄を有しないものである。ここで、「架橋硫黄」とは、硫化物固体電解質材料の合成時に生じる-S-結合の硫黄元素をいう。「実質的に架橋硫黄を有しない」とは、硫化物固体電解質材料に含まれる架橋硫黄の割合が、分岐型ポリマーとの反応で硫化物固体電解質材料を劣化させない程度に少ないことをいう。この場合、架橋硫黄の割合は、例えば、10mol%以下であることが好ましく、5mol%以下であることがより好ましい。
次に、本発明における分岐型ポリマーについて説明する。本発明における分岐型ポリマーは、上述した硫化物固体電解質材料を結着するものである。ここで、「分岐型」とは、中心となる炭素原子から3方向または4方向に直鎖状ポリマーが伸びた構造をいい、「直鎖状」とは、ポリマーの主鎖を形成する炭素原子が枝分かれ構造を作らずに、一本の鎖状に結合している構造をいう。分岐型ポリマーは、結着材として固体電解質層に添加した際に、硫化物固体電解質材料と複数の点で結着するため、少量の添加により可撓性と高い結着力とが得られ、その結果、イオン伝導性(例えば、Liイオン伝導性)の低下を抑制することができると考えられる。
なお、後述する「B.二次電池用電極層」に記載した二次電池用電極層においては、分岐型ポリマーが水素添加ポリマーであることにより、二次電池用電極層の抵抗増加および容量低下を抑制することができる。水素添加によって分岐型ポリマーの不飽和結合の数が減ることで、分岐型ポリマーが弾性変形しやすくなり、充放電に伴う活物質の膨張収縮を吸収しやすくなる。これにより、二次電池用電極層から活物質および硫化物固体電解質材料等の電極材料が剥離することを抑制でき、容量低下を抑制した二次電池用電極層とすることができる。抵抗増加については、上述した固体電解質層における場合と同様である。
本発明の固体電解質層は、所望の可撓性を有することが好ましい。加工性および成形性に優れるからである。固体電解質層の形状としては、例えば、シート状およびペレット状等を挙げることができる。固体電解質層の厚さは、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、0.1μm~1000μmの範囲内であることが好ましく、0.1μm~300μmの範囲内であることがより好ましい。
次に、本発明の二次電池用電極層について説明する。本発明の二次電池用電極層は、活物質と、実質的に架橋硫黄を有しない硫化物固体電解質材料と、上記活物質および上記硫化物固体電解質材料を結着する分岐型ポリマーとを含有することを特徴とするものである。
次に、本発明の全固体二次電池について説明する。本発明の全固体二次電池は、正極活物質を含有する正極層と、負極活物質を含有する負極層と、上記正極層および上記負極層の間に形成された固体電解質層とを有するものである。さらに、本発明の全固体二次電池は、二つの実施態様に大別することができる。以下、実施態様ごとに説明する。
本発明の全固体二次電池の第一実施態様は、上記固体電解質層が、上記「A.固体電解質層」に記載した固体電解質層である実施態様である。この場合、上述した固体電解質層を用いることにより、電池抵抗の低い全固体二次電池とすることができる。
本発明の全固体二次電池の第二実施態様は、上記正極層および上記負極層の少なくとも一方が、上記「B.二次電池用電極層」に記載した二次電池用電極層である実施態様である。この場合、上述した二次電池用電極層を用いることにより、電池抵抗の低い全固体二次電池とすることができる。また、二次電池用電極層は、活物質を含有するため、活物質と硫化物固体電解質材料との反応により高抵抗層が生成することを抑制でき、電池抵抗の低い全固体二次電池とすることができる。
(実質的に架橋硫黄を有しない硫化物固体電解質材料の合成)
出発原料として、硫化リチウム(Li2S)と五硫化二リン(P2S5)とを用いた。これらの粉末をxLi2S・(100-x)P2S5の組成において、x=75のモル比となるように秤量し、メノウ乳鉢で混合し、原料組成物を得た。次に、得られた原料組成物1gを45mlのジルコニアポットに投入し、さらにジルコニアボール(φ10mm、10個)を投入し、ポットを完全に密閉した。このポットを遊星型ボールミル機(フリッチュ製P7)に取り付け、回転数300rpmで20時間メカニカルミリングを行い、硫化物固体電解質材料(75Li2S・25P2S5ガラス)を得た。なお、Li2S:P2S5=75:25(モル比)の関係は、上述したオルト組成を得る関係であり、得られた硫化物固体電解質材料は、実質的に架橋硫黄を有しないものである。
不活性ガス中で固体電解質シートを作製した。まず、硫化物固体電解質材料として75Li2S・25P2S5ガラス(1000mg)、分岐型ポリマーとして分岐型の水素添加ブタジエンゴム(JSR株式会社製、水素添加率94%、数平均分子量500,000~600,000、中心の炭素原子から4本の直鎖状ポリマーが伸びた構造(各々の主鎖の炭素数は少なくとも10以上)、10mg)を用意し、これらの材料をヘプタン(660mg)中に分散させ、スラリーを得た。次に、ドクターブレードを用いて、このスラリーをSUS箔上に、目付量16.1mg/cm2で塗工し、120℃で60分間熱処理を行うことで、溶媒のヘプタンを乾燥した。これにより、固体電解質シートを得た。さらに、分岐型ポリマーの添加量を20mg、30mgに変更したこと以外は、上記と同様にして、固体電解質シートを得た。なお、分岐型ポリマーの添加量が10mg、20mg、30mgであるときを、それぞれ1mass%添加、2mass%添加、3mass%添加とした。
分岐型ポリマーの代わりに、非分岐型ポリマーとして非分岐型の水素添加ブタジエンゴム(JSR株式会社製、水素添加率94%、数平均分子量200,000~300,000)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、固体電解質シートを得た。
(Liイオン伝導度維持率の測定)
実施例1および比較例1で得られた固体電解質シートを用いて、Liイオン伝導度の測定を行った。まず、不活性ガス中で固体電解質シートを1cm2の電池セルサイズに切り抜き、4.3ton/cm2でプレスすることにより、電池セルを作製した。次に、交流インピーダンス測定によって、電池セルのLiイオン伝導度を測定した。このLiイオン伝導度を、結着材を添加していない固体電解質シートにおけるLiイオン伝導度で除することにより、Liイオン伝導度の維持率を算出した。その結果を、実施例1については表1に、比較例1については表2にそれぞれ示す。
実施例1および比較例1で得られた固体電解質シートを用いて、結着力の測定を行った。まず、φ16mmに切り抜いた固体電解質シートを両面テープで、プッシュプルゲージの台に貼り付けた。次に、プッシュプルゲージの端子に両面テープを貼り付け、固体電解質シートに押し付けた後、ゲージを持ち上げる際の引っ張り強度を測定した。その結果を、実施例1については表1に、比較例1については表2にそれぞれ示す。また、結着材添加量と結着力との関係を図5に示す。
実施例1および比較例1で得られた固体電解質シートを用いて、可撓性の評価を行った。固体電解質シートが集電箔に結着している場合、固体電解質シートが屈曲可能であるため、可撓性ありと判断した。その結果を、実施例1については表1に、比較例1については表2にそれぞれ示す。
2 … 分岐型ポリマー
3 … 活物質
10、14 … 固体電解質層
11 … 二次電池用電極層
12 … 正極層
13 … 負極層
20 … 全固体二次電池の発電要素
Claims (10)
- 実質的に架橋硫黄を有しない硫化物固体電解質材料と、前記硫化物固体電解質材料を結着する分岐型ポリマーとを含有することを特徴とする固体電解質層。
- 前記分岐型ポリマーが、水素添加ポリマーであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の固体電解質層。
- 前記硫化物固体電解質材料が、Li2S-P2S5材料であることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の固体電解質層。
- 前記Li2S-P2S5材料におけるLi2SおよびP2S5の割合が、モル換算で、Li2S:P2S5=72:28~78:22の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の固体電解質層。
- 活物質と、実質的に架橋硫黄を有しない硫化物固体電解質材料と、前記活物質および前記硫化物固体電解質材料を結着する分岐型ポリマーとを含有することを特徴とする二次電池用電極層。
- 前記分岐型ポリマーが、水素添加ポリマーであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の二次電池用電極層。
- 前記硫化物固体電解質材料が、Li2S-P2S5材料であることを特徴とする請求項5または請求項6に記載の二次電池用電極層。
- 前記Li2S-P2S5材料におけるLi2SおよびP2S5の割合が、モル換算で、Li2S:P2S5=72:28~78:22の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の二次電池用電極層。
- 正極活物質を含有する正極層と、負極活物質を含有する負極層と、前記正極層および前記負極層の間に形成された固体電解質層とを有する全固体二次電池であって、
前記固体電解質層が、請求項1から請求項4までのいずれかの請求項に記載の固体電解質層であることを特徴とする全固体二次電池。 - 正極活物質を含有する正極層と、負極活物質を含有する負極層と、前記正極層および前記負極層の間に形成された固体電解質層とを有する全固体二次電池であって、
前記正極層および前記負極層の少なくとも一方が、請求項5から請求項8までのいずれかの請求項に記載の二次電池用電極層であることを特徴とする全固体二次電池。
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JP5747985B2 (ja) | 2015-07-15 |
US9472827B2 (en) | 2016-10-18 |
JPWO2013001623A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
CN103608871A (zh) | 2014-02-26 |
CN103608871B (zh) | 2016-06-29 |
US20140120427A1 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
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