WO2012160736A1 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012160736A1 WO2012160736A1 PCT/JP2012/001678 JP2012001678W WO2012160736A1 WO 2012160736 A1 WO2012160736 A1 WO 2012160736A1 JP 2012001678 W JP2012001678 W JP 2012001678W WO 2012160736 A1 WO2012160736 A1 WO 2012160736A1
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- wiring
- dummy
- semiconductor device
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 74
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 36
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
- H01L23/481—Internal lead connections, e.g. via connections, feedthrough structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
- H01L27/0203—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits
- H01L27/0207—Geometrical layout of the components, e.g. computer aided design; custom LSI, semi-custom LSI, standard cell technique
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a via arrangement structure of a semiconductor device having a multilayer wiring layer.
- lowering the dielectric constant (Low-k) of the interlayer insulating film constituting the multilayer wiring of this semiconductor device has been actively promoted. Yes.
- a low dielectric constant film is formed by reducing the density of a material used for the film or eliminating the polarity in the material used for the film.
- the film formed in this way generally has a low physical property value such as Young's modulus, and therefore the mechanical strength is lowered.
- a CMP (Chemical-Mechanical Polishing) process has been widely used for forming a wiring layer.
- dummy wiring that does not function electrically as a circuit is formed in addition to wiring that functions electrically as a circuit in order to ensure flatness in a wiring layer.
- This dummy wiring not only ensures such flatness, but also plays a role of ensuring the mechanical strength of the interlayer insulating film with the recent low-k of the interlayer insulating film.
- the mechanical strength of the via layer also becomes a problem. That is, the mechanical strength of the multilayer wiring in the stacking direction (vertical direction) is lowered, and the reliability of the wiring may be impaired. Therefore, a dummy via that does not function electrically as a circuit is also provided in the via layer between the upper and lower wiring layers. This dummy via is not connected to the wiring constituting the circuit, but is connected to the dummy wiring.
- the dummy via design rule defined by the design rule established for each semiconductor process is similar to the dummy wiring, the density per unit area, the presence or absence of the dummy wiring located in the upper and lower layers of the dummy via, and It is defined by the amount of overhang with the dummy wiring.
- the combined density of dummy vias and vias is not as large as the combined density of dummy wirings and wirings (for example, 20 to 80%).
- the design rule for the density of the dummy vias and the vias is a relatively small value with only a lower limit constraint such as greater than 0.1%.
- dummy vias for complying with these design rules are disposed in an overlapping region between upper and lower dummy wirings.
- the shape of the dummy wiring is a repetitive shape of a line and a space like the wiring. If the extending directions of the dummy wirings in the upper and lower layers are orthogonal to each other, the dummy vias are spaced from each other in an overlapping region formed by intersecting the dummy wirings orthogonal to each other between the upper and lower layers. Are arranged with a uniform pitch in the matrix direction as long as the design rules such as are observed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an example of a technique for providing a dummy contact in order to suppress a loading effect.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an example of a technique for arranging dummy vias and dummy contacts in order to reduce via defects and contact defects.
- a semiconductor device including a substrate and first and second wiring layers formed over the substrate, the first wiring formed in the first wiring layer and the first wiring An interlayer insulating film formed between the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer; and a second wiring formed in the second wiring layer. Furthermore, the vias that penetrate the interlayer insulating film and connect the first wiring and the second wiring, the first dummy wiring formed in the first wiring layer, and the second wiring layer are formed. A second dummy wiring and a dummy via that penetrates the interlayer insulating film and connects the first dummy wiring and the second dummy wiring are provided.
- the density of the first dummy via pattern which is constituted by a plurality of dummy vias and is arranged in the vicinity of the first and second wirings, is constituted by the plurality of dummy vias, and the first and second wirings This is higher than the density of the second dummy via pattern arranged farther than the dummy via pattern.
- the high-density first dummy via pattern is arranged in the vicinity of the first and second wirings, and the first and second wirings are located farther from the first dummy via pattern.
- a second dummy via pattern having a low density is disposed. Accordingly, the dummy vias are arranged in accordance with the presence or absence of vias connecting the first wiring and the second wiring, that is, are defined for each semiconductor process without excessively arranging dummy vias in a region having few vias. Design rules can be achieved. That is, it is possible to suppress an increase in the file size of the layout CAD data representing the dummy via while achieving the design rule defined for each semiconductor process.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a wiring layout when the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment is viewed from above.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method for generating an auxiliary wiring pattern according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing details of the first dummy via arrangement possible region extraction step in the wiring auxiliary pattern generation method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the wiring auxiliary pattern generation method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the wiring auxiliary pattern generation method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the wiring auxiliary pattern generation method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the wiring auxiliary pattern generation method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the wiring auxiliary pattern generation method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the wiring auxiliary pattern generation method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the method for generating the auxiliary wiring pattern according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the method for generating the auxiliary wiring pattern according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the method for generating the auxiliary wiring pattern according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the wiring auxiliary pattern generation method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the wiring auxiliary pattern generation method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the method for generating the auxiliary wiring pattern according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the wiring auxiliary pattern generation method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the wiring auxiliary pattern generation method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the wiring auxiliary pattern generation method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the wiring auxiliary pattern generation method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the wiring auxiliary pattern generation method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 21A is a diagram showing a modification of the layout specification of the dummy via pattern.
- FIG. 21A is a diagram showing a modification of the layout specification of the dummy via pattern.
- FIG. 21B is a diagram showing a modification of the layout specification of the dummy via pattern.
- FIG. 21C is a diagram showing a modification of the layout specification of the dummy via pattern.
- FIG. 22 is a plan view showing another example of the wiring layout when the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment is viewed from above.
- FIG. 23 is a plan view showing a wiring layout when the semiconductor device according to the second embodiment is viewed from above.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the wiring auxiliary pattern generation method according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the wiring auxiliary pattern generation method according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is a plan view showing a general wiring layout when the semiconductor device is viewed from above for explaining the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is a plan view showing another example of a general wiring layout when the semiconductor device is viewed from above for explaining the present invention.
- (Concept of invention) 26 and 27 are plan views showing a general wiring layout when the semiconductor device is viewed from above for explaining the present invention.
- the wiring layout of FIG. 26 includes the first wirings 201a to 201f formed in the first wiring layer and the first dummy wirings formed in the gap portions of the first wirings 201a to 201f in the first wiring layer. Pattern 204. Further, the second wirings 202a to 202i formed in the second wiring layer, the second dummy wiring pattern 206 formed in the gaps of the second wirings 202a to 202i in the second wiring layer, and vias 203a to 203i and a dummy via pattern 221 are provided. Although not shown in FIG. 26, an interlayer insulating film is formed between the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer.
- Vias 203a to 203i pass through the interlayer insulating film between the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer, and connect the first wirings 201a to 201f and the second wirings 202a to 202i.
- the dummy via pattern 221 passes through the interlayer insulating film between the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer, and connects the first dummy wiring pattern 204 and the second dummy wiring pattern 206.
- the first wiring 201a has no via. Therefore, the density per unit area of the vias in the region around the first wiring 201a is 0 (zero). Therefore, in order to improve the via area ratio of the vias and the dummy vias, it is necessary to arrange the dummy via patterns 221 at a high density.
- the dummy via pattern 221 shown in FIG. 26 is an example in which the arrangement interval is set narrow so as to increase the density of dummy vias within a range satisfying the design rules defined for each semiconductor process.
- the dummy via pattern 221 is between the dummy via and the dummy via.
- the distance is set to 2 pitches, and the dummy vias are arranged at an equal pitch every 2 pitches.
- the number of dummy vias to be arranged becomes enormous, and the file size of layout CAD data representing the dummy via pattern 221 increases.
- this layout CAD data is stored in the GDSII format, which is one of the general layout CAD data formats
- the data at the chip size level may be several tens of gigabytes.
- the design process after arranging the dummy via pattern 221 there is a problem that it takes an enormous amount of time to read / write with the disk system storing the layout CAD data, or the file size is too large to be stored in the disk system. Have problems.
- FIG. 27 shows the density of dummy vias per unit area in the overlapping region of the first and second dummy wiring patterns 204 and 206 in order to suppress an increase in the file size of the layout CAD data representing the dummy via pattern.
- This is an example in which the minimum low density dummy vias satisfying the design rules defined for each process are arranged.
- the arrangement pitch of the dummy vias in the dummy via pattern 222 is changed from 2 pitches in FIG. 26 to 6 pitches.
- the number of dummy vias in the dummy via pattern 222 is reduced to 1/9 in the same area as compared with the dummy via pattern 221 shown in FIG. 26, and layout CAD data representing the dummy via pattern 222 is obtained.
- the increase in file size is suppressed.
- the density per unit area including the dummy via and the via satisfies the design rule in the vicinity of the wiring where the vias 203a to 203i exist such as the first wiring 201b to 201f and the second wiring 202b to 202i. In the vicinity of a wiring such as the first wiring 201a and the second wiring 202a where there is no via, there is a problem that the density per unit area including the via and the dummy via cannot satisfy the design rule.
- a semiconductor device including a substrate and first and second wiring layers formed over the substrate, the first wiring formed in the first wiring layer, the first wiring An interlayer insulating film formed between the wiring layer and the second wiring layer, and a second wiring formed in the second wiring layer. Furthermore, the vias that penetrate the interlayer insulating film and connect the first wiring and the second wiring, the first dummy wiring formed in the first wiring layer, and the second wiring layer are formed. A second dummy wiring and a dummy via that penetrates the interlayer insulating film and connects the first dummy wiring and the second dummy wiring are provided.
- the density of the first dummy via pattern which is constituted by a plurality of dummy vias and is arranged in the vicinity of the first and second wirings, is constituted by the plurality of dummy vias, and the first and second wirings This is higher than the density of the second dummy via pattern arranged farther from the dummy via pattern.
- the first dummy via pattern having a high density is arranged in the vicinity of the first and second wirings, and the density of the first dummy via pattern is farther from the first and second wirings than the first dummy via pattern.
- a low second dummy via pattern is arranged. This increases the density of dummy vias arranged in the vicinity of the first and second wirings even when there is a region with few vias connecting the first wiring and the second wiring, for example. It is possible to satisfy a design rule of a density combining a via and a dummy via specified in a design rule for each process. On the other hand, the density of the dummy vias is lowered farther from the first and second wirings than the first dummy via pattern.
- the distance between the dummy vias constituting the first dummy via pattern is smaller than the distance between the dummy vias constituting the second dummy via pattern.
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention preferably includes a first dummy wiring pattern including a plurality of first dummy wirings arranged in parallel at an equal pitch.
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention preferably includes a second dummy wiring pattern including a plurality of second dummy wirings arranged in parallel at an equal pitch.
- first and second dummy wirings of the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention may have a rectangular shape and be arranged in a matrix at an equal pitch.
- the center of the overlapping region of the first dummy wiring and the second dummy wiring matches the center of the dummy via.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a wiring layout when the semiconductor device (semiconductor integrated circuit) according to the first embodiment of the present invention is viewed from above.
- the wiring layout of FIG. 1 is formed in the first wirings 101a to 101f formed in the first wiring layer and the first wirings 101a to 101f in the first wiring layer, and is formed in a plurality of first wirings.
- a first dummy wiring pattern 104 configured by dummy wiring and not electrically functioning as a circuit is provided.
- the second wirings 102a to 102i formed in the second wiring layer and the second wiring layer are formed in the gap portion of the second wiring pattern, and are constituted by a plurality of second dummy wirings.
- a second dummy wiring pattern 106 that does not function electrically as a circuit, vias 103a to 103i, and first and second dummy via patterns 121 and 124 each including a plurality of dummy vias are provided.
- an interlayer insulating film is formed between the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer.
- the first wirings 101a to 101f, the second wirings 102a to 102i, and the vias 103a to 103i are parts of the first and second wiring patterns and the via patterns constituting the circuit, respectively.
- the first wirings 101a to 101f and the second wirings 102a to 102i will be described as being formed with a minimum dimension and a minimum interval defined by a design rule for each semiconductor process.
- Vias 103a to 103i pass through the interlayer insulating film between the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer, and connect the first wirings 101a to 101f and the second wirings 102a to 102i.
- the first dummy via pattern 121 is arranged in the first dummy via pattern arrangement region 125, which is a region in the vicinity of the first wirings 101a to 101f and the second wirings 102a to 102i, and The first dummy wiring pattern 104 and the second dummy wiring pattern 106 are connected through the interlayer insulating film between the two wiring layers.
- the second dummy via pattern 124 is formed in the second dummy via pattern arrangement region 126 that is a region farther from the first dummy via pattern arrangement region 125 than the first wirings 101a to 101f and the second wirings 102a to 102i.
- the first dummy wiring pattern 104 and the second dummy wiring pattern 106 are connected to each other through the interlayer insulating film between the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer.
- the first and second dummy via patterns 121 and 124 do not function electrically as a circuit.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a wiring auxiliary pattern generation method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing details of the first dummy via arrangementable region extraction step (s204) in FIG.
- each step of the wiring auxiliary pattern generation method shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is performed using an analysis tool (for example, a layout verification tool) or the like that causes a computer to execute data processing.
- this layout verification tool is a tool for verifying whether the dimensions of a semiconductor layout pattern satisfy a design rule.
- Step s201 is a wiring pattern extraction step, in which the first wirings 101a to 101f and the second wirings 102a to 102i are extracted from the file storing the design information.
- layout CAD data including wiring layout information of a semiconductor device is input to a computer in which an analysis tool is incorporated, and a wiring pattern of the corresponding region is extracted.
- the first wirings 101a to 101f are extracted in the first wiring layer
- the second wirings 102a to 102i are extracted in the second wiring layer.
- step s202 is a dummy wiring pattern generation step.
- the first wirings 101a to 101f are formed in the void portions where the first wirings 101a to 101f extracted in step s201 are not formed.
- the first dummy wiring pattern 104 extending in the same direction as the priority wiring direction (vertical direction), which is the extending direction of most of the wirings in the first wiring layer, is generated at intervals of the first interval value 105. .
- the second spacing value 107 is spaced from the second wirings 102a to 102i.
- the second dummy wiring pattern 106 extending in the same direction as the priority wiring direction (horizontal direction) that is the extending direction of most of the wirings in the second wiring layer is generated.
- the priority wiring direction of the first wiring layer and the priority wiring direction of the second wiring layer are orthogonal to each other, that is, the first dummy wiring pattern 104 and the second dummy wiring pattern 106 are respectively It shall be orthogonal.
- the priority wiring direction of the first wiring layer and the priority wiring direction of the second wiring layer are not limited to the directions of the present embodiment.
- the horizontal direction may be the priority wiring direction of the first wiring layer
- the priority wiring direction of the first wiring layer may be the same as the priority wiring direction of the second wiring layer.
- it is preferable that the priority wiring direction of the first wiring layer and the priority wiring direction of the second wiring layer are orthogonal to each other.
- first dummy wiring pattern 104 and the second dummy wiring pattern 106 are arranged in parallel at an equal pitch, and have minimum dimensions and minimum intervals defined by design rules for each semiconductor process. Preferably it is formed.
- the first and second dummy wiring patterns 104 and 106 are arranged in parallel at an equal pitch, and have minimum dimensions and minimum intervals defined by design rules for each semiconductor process.
- the example which is formed is shown. That is, in this embodiment, the first and second dummy wiring patterns 104 and 106 have the same wiring width.
- each first dummy wiring constituting the first dummy wiring pattern 104 has a wiring width equal to the minimum wiring width among the wiring widths of the first wiring, and the wiring interval is set to the first.
- each second dummy wiring constituting the second dummy wiring pattern 106 has a wiring width equal to the minimum wiring width of the second wirings, and the wiring interval is set to be the same.
- a configuration is also conceivable in which the interval between the second wires is made equal to the minimum interval.
- the first and second interval values 105 and 107 each indicate an interval to be secured between the wiring pattern and the dummy wiring pattern, and are values defined by design rules for each semiconductor process. .
- the first interval value 105 and the second interval value 107 may be different values, and may be different values.
- step s203 is a dummy wiring overlap area extraction step.
- an overlapping area 108 between the first dummy wiring pattern 104 and the second dummy wiring pattern 106 output in step s202 is obtained.
- the overlapping region 108 is a region where both the first dummy wiring pattern 104 and the second dummy wiring pattern 106 exist. That is, it shows an area where the first and second dummy via patterns 121 and 124 that physically connect the first dummy wiring pattern 104 and the second dummy wiring pattern 106 can be arranged.
- step s204 a first dummy via pattern placement region in which the first dummy via pattern 121 can be placed in the vicinity of the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i extracted in step s201. 125 is extracted. Specifically, a value that defines a minimum distance between the first wirings 101a to 101f and the second wirings 102a to 102i and the first dummy via pattern 121, and the first wirings 101a to 101f and the second wirings.
- a first dummy via pattern arrangement region 125 that is a region in the vicinity of the first wirings 101a to 101f and the second wirings 102a to 102i is used. Is extracted.
- step s204 will be described with reference to FIG. 3 and FIGS.
- Step s204 includes steps s301 to s303 as shown in FIG.
- Step s301 is a first wiring expansion step using a value defining the minimum interval. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, the first wirings 101a to 101f extracted in step s201 are enlarged using the third interval value 110, and enlarged patterns 109a and 109b are output. To do. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 9, the second wirings 102a to 102i extracted in step s201 are enlarged using the fourth interval value 112, and the enlarged pattern 111 is output.
- the third and fourth interval values 110 and 112 are values that define the minimum interval between the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i and the first dummy via pattern 121, respectively. . That is, the areas indicated by the enlarged patterns 109a, 109b, and 111 output from step s301 are areas in which the placement of the first dummy via pattern 121 is prohibited in the vicinity of the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i. It becomes.
- Step s302 is a second wiring enlargement step using a value defining the upper limit distance indicating the vicinity.
- the first wirings 101a to 101f extracted in step s201 are enlarged using the fifth interval value 114, and the enlarged patterns 113a and 113b are output.
- the second wirings 102a to 102i extracted in step s201 are enlarged using the sixth interval value 116, and an enlarged pattern 115 is output.
- the fifth and sixth interval values 114 and 116 are values defining upper limit distances indicating the vicinity of the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i, respectively.
- the areas indicated by the enlarged patterns 113a, 113b, and 115 output in step s302 are areas that indicate the vicinity of the first and second wiring patterns 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i.
- step s303 the areas indicated by the enlarged patterns 109a, 109b, and 111 output in step s301 are deleted from the areas indicated by the enlarged patterns 113a, 113b, and 115 output in step s302, and the result is output.
- the enlarged patterns 109a, 109b, and 111 extracted in step s301 are combined to generate a combined pattern 117.
- the enlarged patterns 113a, 113b, and 115 are combined to generate a combined pattern 118.
- the overlapping portion with the composite pattern 117 is deleted from the generated composite pattern 118.
- the area 119 remaining after the deletion shows an area where dummy vias can be arranged in the vicinity of the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i, and this area is designated as a first dummy via pattern arrangement possible area 119. Output.
- step s205 an overlapping area 120 between the overlapping area 108 output in step s203 and the first dummy via pattern arrangement possible area 119 output in step s204 is extracted.
- the overlapping area 120 is an area showing in more detail an area where dummy vias can be arranged in the vicinity of the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i.
- the first dummy via pattern 121 is arranged and output for the overlapping region 120 based on a predetermined first dummy via pattern generation specification.
- the predetermined first dummy via pattern generation (placement) specification is a generation (placement) specification in which the dummy via placement pitch is defined so that the density of dummy vias is the highest within a range satisfying the design rule for each semiconductor process. Is preferable.
- the first dummy via pattern 121 is formed with an equal pitch of 2 ⁇ p.
- An example is shown in which it is arranged in the direction of each matrix and also arranged at the center of each lattice formed by four adjacent dummy vias.
- the center of the lattice is the above-described dummy vias arranged in the respective matrix directions with the equal pitch of 2 ⁇ p, passing through the midpoints of the two dummy vias adjacent in the row direction, respectively.
- This is an overlapping region 120 located at the intersection of a plurality of virtual lines extending in the direction and a plurality of virtual lines extending in the row direction through the midpoints of two dummy vias adjacent in the column direction.
- step s206 an area farther from the first dummy via pattern arrangement area 119 is extracted from the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i.
- the enlarged patterns 113a, 113b, and 115 output in step s302 constituting step s204 are combined, and graphic reversal processing is performed on the combined pattern 118.
- a region 122 without the output patterns 113a, 113b, and 115 is generated and output.
- the fifth and sixth interval values 114 and 116 used in step s302 are values defining upper limit distances indicating the vicinity of the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i. That is, the region 122 as a result of the graphic reversal processing is a region in which dummy vias can be arranged farther from the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i than the first dummy via pattern arrangement region 119. Is shown. In step s206, this area is output as the second dummy via pattern arrangement possible area 122.
- step s207 an overlapping area 123 between the overlapping area 108 output in step s203 and the second dummy via arrangementable area 122 output in step s206 is extracted.
- the overlapping area 123 is an area showing in more detail an area in which dummy vias can be arranged farther from the first and second wiring patterns 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i than the first dummy via pattern arranging area 119.
- the second dummy via pattern 124 is arranged and output for the overlapping region 123 based on a predetermined second dummy via pattern generation specification.
- the predetermined second dummy via pattern generation (arrangement) specification is a minimum dummy via arrangement pitch required to achieve the lower limit value of the density of dummy vias defined by the design rules for each semiconductor process. It is preferable to have a defined generation (arrangement) specification.
- FIG. 19 shows an example in which the equal pitch of 2 ⁇ p in FIG. 16 is arranged in the overlap region 123 as an equal pitch of 5 ⁇ p. At this time, the dummy vias are not arranged at the centers of the respective lattices formed by the four adjacent dummy vias as shown in FIG.
- the distance between the dummy vias of the first dummy via pattern 121 arranged in the vicinity of the first wiring 101a and the second wiring 101b shown in FIG. 16 is the first wiring 101a and the second wiring shown in FIG.
- the distance between the dummy vias of the second dummy via pattern 124 disposed farther from the first wiring 101b than the first dummy via pattern is small.
- FIG. 20 shows that the first and second dummy via patterns 121 and 124 are arranged in the first and second dummy via pattern arrangement regions 125 and 126 after the processing of steps s201 to s207 is completed. Is shown.
- the first dummy via pattern arrangement area 119 and the first dummy via pattern arrangement area 125 indicate the same area.
- the second dummy via pattern arrangement possible area 122 and the second dummy via pattern arrangement area 126 indicate the same area.
- the first dummy via pattern arrangement region which is a region in the vicinity of the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i.
- the first dummy via patterns 121 can be disposed at a high density in the 125.
- the second dummy vias are disposed in the second dummy via pattern arrangement region 126 which is a region farther than the first dummy via pattern arrangement region 125 from the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i.
- the pattern 124 can be arranged at a low density.
- a high-density dummy via pattern is disposed in the vicinity of the first and second wirings, and the first and second A dummy via pattern having a low density can be disposed in a region far from the region near the second wiring.
- the design rules defined for each semiconductor process can be achieved without excessively arranging dummy vias. That is, it is possible to suppress an increase in the file size of the layout CAD data representing the dummy via while achieving the design rule defined for each semiconductor process.
- the layout specification of the dummy via pattern in steps s205 and s207 the layout example of the first dummy via pattern 121 and the second dummy via pattern 124 has been described in FIGS.
- various modifications of the layout specification of the dummy via are possible.
- the pitch of each dummy via may be changed.
- the dummy via patterns 128 to 130 shown in FIGS. 21A, 21B, and 21C may be modified.
- FIG. 21A, 21B, and 21C show other examples of dummy via pattern arrangement specifications in the overlapping region 127 of the first dummy wiring pattern 104 and the second dummy wiring pattern 106.
- FIG. FIG. 21A shows an example in which dummy via patterns 128 are arranged at an equal pitch of 2 ⁇ p as in FIG. 16, and dummy vias are not arranged at the center of each lattice formed by four adjacent dummy vias.
- FIG. 21B shows an example in which dummy vias are arranged in all the overlapping regions of the overlapping region 127 as the dummy via pattern 129.
- 21C shows a dummy via pattern 130 in which dummy vias are arranged in the overlapping area 127 located on the upper right side from one overlapping area 127 at the lower left, and upward and rightward from each arranged dummy via.
- dummy vias are arranged with an equal pitch of 3 pitches in each direction.
- one dummy via is arranged for one overlapping area in the overlapping area 108 between the first dummy wiring pattern 104 and the second dummy wiring pattern 106.
- the specification is not limited to this.
- a plurality of dummy vias may be arranged in one overlapping region within a range that complies with a design rule defined for each semiconductor process.
- the design rules for each semiconductor process are used as the wiring widths and wiring intervals of the first dummy wiring pattern 104 and the second dummy wiring pattern 106.
- the minimum dimensions (wiring width) and the minimum wiring spacing specified in the above etc. were used, but not limited to this. Deformation is possible.
- FIG. 22 is another example of a plan view showing a wiring layout when the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment is viewed from above, and is an example in which a plurality of dummy vias are arranged in one overlapping region. .
- the first dummy wiring pattern 131 and the second dummy wiring pattern 132 have a wiring width three times the wiring width of the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i. That is, in the first and second dummy wiring patterns 131 and 132, the pitch of the wiring obtained by adding the wiring width and the wiring interval is four times that of the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i. . Further, in the overlapping region 133 of the first dummy wiring pattern 131 and the second dummy wiring pattern 132, the first dummy via pattern arrangement region in the vicinity of the first wirings 101a to 101f and the second wirings 102a to 102i.
- two dummy vias are arranged for one overlapping region 133 to form a first dummy via pattern 134.
- the second dummy via pattern placement region 126 far from the first dummy via pattern placement region 125 from the first wirings 101a to 101f and the second wirings 102a to 102i has one overlapping region 133.
- One dummy via is arranged to form a second dummy via pattern 135.
- the wiring pitch obtained by adding the wiring width and the wiring interval is 4 of the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i. Although it is doubled, it is not limited to four times.
- the wiring pitch is preferably an integer multiple.
- the extending direction of the first dummy wiring pattern 104 is the same as the priority wiring direction (column direction) of the first wiring layer, and the extending direction of the second dummy wiring pattern 106 is the second.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the extending direction of the first dummy wiring pattern 104 is orthogonal to the priority wiring direction (column direction) of the first wiring layer
- the extending direction of the second dummy wiring pattern 106 is the priority wiring of the second wiring layer. It may be orthogonal to the direction (row direction).
- first dummy wiring pattern 104 and the second dummy wiring pattern 106 have been described as being orthogonal to each other, the present invention is not limited to this. However, it is preferable that the first dummy wiring pattern 104 and the second dummy wiring pattern 106 are orthogonal to each other.
- FIG. 23 is a plan view showing a wiring layout when the semiconductor device according to the second embodiment is viewed from above.
- the same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1, and detailed description thereof is omitted here.
- FIGS. 24 and 25 are diagrams for explaining the process of generating the auxiliary wiring pattern according to the second embodiment.
- the wiring layout of FIG. 23 differs from that of FIG. 1 in that the first dummy wiring pattern 140 formed in the space between the first wirings 101a to 101f in the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer are the first wiring layers.
- the second dummy wiring pattern 141 formed in the space between the two wirings 102a to 102i is a rectangular dummy wiring pattern arranged in a matrix at an equal pitch.
- the first dummy via pattern 147 is arranged in the overlapping area 142 in the first dummy via pattern arrangement area 143 which is an area in the vicinity of the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i.
- the first dummy wiring pattern 140 and the second dummy wiring pattern 141 are connected through the interlayer insulating film between the wiring layer and the second wiring layer.
- the second dummy via pattern 148 is formed in the second dummy via pattern arrangement region 144 which is a region farther than the first dummy via pattern arrangement region 143 from the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i.
- the first dummy wiring pattern 140 and the second dummy wiring pattern 141 are connected to each other through the interlayer insulating film between the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer.
- step s201 layout CAD data including wiring layout information of a semiconductor device (semiconductor integrated circuit) is input to a computer incorporating an analysis tool, for example, and a wiring pattern in the corresponding region is extracted. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the first wirings 101a to 101f and the second wirings 102a to 102i are extracted.
- step s202 the first interval value 105 is set from the first wirings 101a to 101f in the gaps where the first wirings 101a to 101f extracted in step s201 are not formed.
- a rectangular first dummy wiring pattern 140 is generated with a uniform pitch in a matrix at intervals.
- the second wirings 102a to 102i are spaced from the second wirings 102a to 102i by the second distance value 107, and are uniform in a matrix shape.
- a rectangular second dummy wiring pattern 141 is generated with a pitch.
- the first and second dummy wiring patterns 140 and 141 have different origins arranged at equal pitches. Then, as shown in FIG. 23, the first dummy wiring pattern 140 and the second dummy wiring pattern 141 partially overlap each other.
- the first dummy wiring pattern 140 and the second dummy wiring pattern 141 include a gap portion in which the first wirings 101 a to 101 f spaced by the first predetermined value 105 are not formed, and the second dummy wiring pattern 140 and the second dummy wiring pattern 141.
- the boundary portions of the gap portions where the second wirings 102a to 102i spaced by a predetermined value 107 are not formed only regions that are less than the size of the rectangles arranged with a uniform pitch remain. There is a case. At that time, it is preferable to cut off a part of the rectangular wiring.
- the shape of the dummy wiring remaining after cutting off may not satisfy the minimum dimension or the minimum area defined by the design rules for each semiconductor process. It is preferable to delete the dummy wiring itself.
- step s203 the overlapping area 142 of the first dummy wiring pattern 140 and the second dummy wiring pattern 141 output in step s202 is extracted. Since the overlapping region 142 is a region where both the first dummy wiring pattern 140 and the second dummy wiring pattern 141 exist, the first and second dummy via patterns 147 and 148 can be disposed. It is an area.
- step s204 as shown in FIG. 24, a first dummy via pattern placement possible region in which dummy vias can be placed in the vicinity of the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i extracted in step s201. 143 is extracted.
- step s205 an overlapping area 145 between the overlapping area 142 output in step s203 and the first dummy via pattern arrangement possible area 143 output in step s204 is extracted.
- the overlapping region 145 is a region showing in more detail a region where dummy vias can be arranged in the vicinity of the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i.
- a first dummy via pattern 147 is arranged and output for the overlapping region 145 based on a predetermined first dummy via pattern generation specification.
- the predetermined first dummy via pattern generation (placement) specification is a generation (placement) specification in which the dummy via placement pitch is defined so that the density of dummy vias is the highest within a range satisfying the design rule for each semiconductor process. Is preferable.
- step s206 as shown in FIG. 24, an area in which dummy vias far from the first dummy via pattern arrangement area 143 can be arranged from the first and second wirings 101a to 101f, 102a to 102i, that is, A second dummy via pattern arrangement region 144 is extracted.
- step s207 an overlapping region 146 between the overlapping region 142 output in step s203 and the second dummy via arrangement possible region 144 output in step s206 is extracted.
- the overlapping region 146 is a region showing in more detail a region where dummy vias can be arranged farther than the first dummy via pattern arranging region 143 from the first and second wirings 101a to 101f, 102a to 102i.
- the second dummy via pattern 148 is arranged and output for the overlapping region 146 based on a predetermined second dummy via pattern generation specification.
- the predetermined second dummy via pattern generation specification is a dummy via that defines a minimum dummy via arrangement pitch necessary to achieve the lower limit value of the density of dummy vias defined by the design rules for each semiconductor process. It is preferable that the arrangement specifications are as follows.
- the first dummy via pattern arrangement region 143 in the vicinity of the first and second wirings 101a to 101f and 102a to 102i is provided.
- the dummy via patterns 147 can be arranged with high density.
- the pattern 148 can also be arranged at a low density.
- a high-density dummy via pattern is disposed in the vicinity of the first and second wirings, and the first and second A dummy via pattern having a low density can be disposed in a region far from the region near the second wiring.
- the design rules defined for each semiconductor process can be achieved without excessively arranging dummy vias. In other words, the enlargement of the file size of the stored layout CAD data can be suppressed while achieving the design rules defined for each semiconductor process.
- the first dummy wiring pattern generated in the first wiring layer and the second dummy wiring pattern generated in the second wiring layer have different origins arranged at equal pitches. Although it was assumed, the origin of arrangement may be the same.
- the second wiring layer is formed on the first wiring layer with the interlayer insulating film interposed therebetween.
- the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer are described. It does not matter if the vertical relationship with
- both the first wiring pattern and the second wiring pattern are determined to be other than the vicinity and the vicinity. However, using either one of the wiring patterns, the vicinity and the vicinity are determined. You may judge other than. However, it is preferable to make a judgment of the vicinity and other than the vicinity using both the first wiring pattern and the second wiring pattern.
- the dummy via pattern may not be arranged in the overlapping region of the first and second dummy wiring patterns, but may be connected only to the first dummy wiring pattern or the second dummy wiring pattern. However, it is preferable that the first and second dummy wiring patterns are arranged in the overlapping region.
- first and second dummy wiring patterns may be connected to wiring that does not function electrically as a circuit, for example, ground wiring that is a wiring through which a signal for operating the circuit does not pass. .
- the wirings and the wiring patterns described as the uniform pitch, wiring width, and / or wiring interval may vary depending on the manufacturing process.
- first dummy wiring that constitutes the first dummy wiring pattern 140 and the second dummy wiring that constitutes the second dummy wiring pattern 141 include the lengths of one side of the rectangle and the other A configuration may be adopted in which the lengths of the sides are equal and the pitches in the row direction and the pitches in the column direction are equal.
- the center of the overlapping region of the first dummy wiring and the second dummy wiring coincides with the center of the dummy via.
- a first dummy wiring pattern 104 configured by a plurality of first dummy wirings extending in the column direction and arranged in parallel at an equal first pitch
- a second dummy wiring pattern 104 configured by a plurality of second dummy wirings extending in the row direction and arranged in parallel at an equal second pitch.
- the first and second dummy via patterns are N times the first pitch and the second pitch (N is a positive integer) in the overlapping region where the first dummy wiring pattern and the second dummy wiring pattern overlap.
- the first dummy vias arranged in the respective matrix directions may be included with a pitch of ()).
- N is an even number
- the first and second dummy via patterns 121 and 124 pass through the midpoint between two first dummy vias adjacent in the row direction in addition to the first dummy via.
- Overlap located at the intersection of a plurality of first virtual lines each extending in the column direction and a plurality of second virtual lines each extending in the row direction through the midpoint of two one dummy vias adjacent in the column direction A configuration including a second dummy via disposed in the region may be adopted.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 22 and the embodiment shown in FIG. 23 may have the same configuration.
- the semiconductor device according to the present invention can effectively reduce manufacturing defects such as via defects and contact defects, it can suppress an increase in the file size of layout CAD data in the semiconductor device design process. For example, it is useful for semiconductor integrated circuits including LSI.
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Abstract
Description
図26及び図27は、本発明を説明するための、半導体装置を上方から見た場合の一般的は配線レイアウトを示す平面図である。
図1は本発明の第1の実施形態に係る半導体装置(半導体集積回路)を上方から見た場合の配線レイアウトを示す平面図である。
図23は第2の実施形態に係る半導体装置を上方から見た場合の配線レイアウトを示す平面図である。図23において図1と共通の構成要素には図1と同一の符号を付しており、ここではその詳細な説明を省略する。また、図24及び図25は第2の実施形態に係る配線補助パターンを生成する過程における説明のための図である。
102a~102i 第2の配線
103a~103i ビア
104,131,140 第1のダミー配線パターン
106,132,141 第2のダミー配線パターン
108,133,142 重なり領域
121,134,147 第1のダミービアパターン
124,135,148 第2のダミービアパターン
125,143 第1のダミービアパターン配置領域
126,144 第2のダミービアパターン配置領域
Claims (18)
- 基板と、前記基板上に形成された第1及び第2の配線層とを有する半導体装置であって、
前記第1の配線層に形成された第1の配線と、
前記第1の配線層と前記第2の配線層との間に形成された層間絶縁膜と、
前記第2の配線層に形成された第2の配線と、
前記層間絶縁膜を貫通し、前記第1の配線と前記第2の配線とを接続するビアと、
前記第1の配線層に形成された第1のダミー配線と、
前記第2の配線層に形成された第2のダミー配線と、
前記層間絶縁膜を貫通し、前記第1のダミー配線と前記第2のダミー配線とを接続するダミービアとを備えており、
複数の前記ダミービアによって構成され、前記第1及び第2の配線の近傍に配置された第1のダミービアパターンの密度が、複数の前記ダミービアによって構成され、前記第1及び第2の配線から前記第1のダミービアパターンより遠方に配置された第2のダミービアパターンの密度に比べて、高い
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置において、
前記第1のダミービアパターンを構成する各ダミービア間の距離が、前記第2のダミービアパターンを構成する各ダミービア間の距離より小さい
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置において、
前記第1のダミー配線の延伸方向と、前記第2のダミー配線の延伸方向とが直交している
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置において、
前記第1のダミー配線の延伸方向が、前記第1の配線層における優先配線方向と同一であり、前記第2のダミー配線の延伸方向が、前記第2の配線層における優先配線方向と同一である
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置において、
前記第1のダミー配線の延伸方向が、前記第1の配線層における優先配線方向と直交しており、前記第2のダミー配線の延伸方向が、前記第2の配線層における優先配線方向と直交している
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置において、
均等なピッチでもって並行して配置された複数の前記第1のダミー配線によって構成された第1のダミー配線パターンを備えている
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項6記載の半導体装置において、
前記第1のダミー配線パターンを構成する各第1のダミー配線は、配線幅が均等となっている
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項6記載の半導体装置において、
前記第1の配線は、複数本設けられており、
前記第1のダミー配線パターンを構成する各第1のダミー配線は、配線幅が、前記第1の配線の配線幅のうち最小の配線幅と等しく、かつ、配線間隔が、前記第1の配線同士の配線間隔のうち最小の間隔と等しい
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項6記載の半導体装置において、
均等なピッチでもって並行して配置された複数の前記第1の配線によって構成された第1の配線パターンを備えており、
前記第1のダミー配線パターンのピッチは、前記第1の配線パターンのピッチの整数倍である
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置において、
均等なピッチでもって並行して配置された複数の前記第2のダミー配線によって構成された第2のダミー配線パターンを備えている
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項10記載の半導体装置において、
前記第2のダミー配線パターンを構成する各第2のダミー配線は、配線幅が均等となっている
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項10記載の半導体装置において、
前記第2の配線は、複数本設けられており、
前記第2のダミー配線パターンを構成する各第2のダミー配線は、配線幅が、前記第2の配線の配線幅のうち最小の配線幅と等しく、かつ、配線間隔が、前記第2の配線同士の配線間隔のうち最小の間隔と等しい
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項10記載の半導体装置において、
均等なピッチでもって並行して配置された複数の前記第2の配線によって構成された第2の配線パターンを備えており、
前記第2のダミー配線パターンのピッチは、前記第2の配線パターンのピッチの整数倍である
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置において、
前記第1及び第2のダミー配線の形状が矩形であり、かつ、マトリックス状に均等なピッチでもって配置されている
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項14記載の半導体装置において、
前記第1のダミー配線と第2のダミー配線とは、前記矩形の一方の辺の長さ同士、及び他方の辺の長さ同士が等しく、かつ、行方向のピッチ同士及び列方向のピッチ同士が等しい
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置において、
前記第1のダミー配線と前記第2のダミー配線との重なり領域の中心と、前記ダミービアの中心とが一致している
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置において、
列方向に延び、均等な第1ピッチでもって並行して配置された複数の前記第1のダミー配線によって構成された第1のダミー配線パターンと、
行方向に延び、均等な第2ピッチでもって並行して配置された複数の前記第2のダミー配線によって構成された第2のダミー配線パターンとを備えており、
前記第1及び第2のダミービアパターンは、前記第1のダミー配線パターンと前記第2のダミー配線パターンとが重なった重なり領域において、前記第1ピッチ及び前記第2ピッチのN倍(Nは正の整数)のピッチでもって、行列それぞれの方向に配置されている第1のダミービアを含む
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項17記載の半導体装置において、
前記Nは偶数であり、
前記第1及び第2のダミービアパターンは、前記第1のダミービアに加えて、行方向に隣接する2つの前記第1のダミービアの中点を通って、各々列方向に延びる複数の第1の仮想線と、列方向に隣接する2つの前記1のダミービアの中点を通って、各々行方向に延びる複数の第2の仮想線との交点に位置する前記重なり領域に配置されている第2のダミービアを含む
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。
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- 2012-03-12 JP JP2012551420A patent/JPWO2012160736A1/ja active Pending
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JPH0897290A (ja) * | 1994-09-28 | 1996-04-12 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 半導体集積回路チップのレイアウト設計方法及び半導体集積回路チップ |
JP2002261162A (ja) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-13 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 半導体集積回路装置、およびそのレイアウト設計方法 |
JP2004296864A (ja) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-21 | Fujitsu Ltd | 半導体装置及びパターン発生方法 |
JP2005072403A (ja) * | 2003-08-27 | 2005-03-17 | Sony Corp | 半導体装置および半導体装置の製造方法 |
WO2005096364A1 (ja) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-13 | Nec Corporation | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
JP2008066716A (ja) * | 2006-08-10 | 2008-03-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 半導体装置 |
JP2008124070A (ja) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-29 | Rohm Co Ltd | 半導体装置 |
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JPWO2012160736A1 (ja) | 2014-07-31 |
US9305863B2 (en) | 2016-04-05 |
US20130105990A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
CN102918644A (zh) | 2013-02-06 |
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