WO2012111548A1 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、照明装置及び表示装置 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、照明装置及び表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012111548A1 WO2012111548A1 PCT/JP2012/053077 JP2012053077W WO2012111548A1 WO 2012111548 A1 WO2012111548 A1 WO 2012111548A1 JP 2012053077 W JP2012053077 W JP 2012053077W WO 2012111548 A1 WO2012111548 A1 WO 2012111548A1
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- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element, an illuminating device, and a display device, and more particularly to a compound that can be preferably used for an organic electroluminescence element and an organic electroluminescence element.
- ELD electroluminescence display
- inorganic electroluminescent elements and organic electroluminescent elements (hereinafter also referred to as organic EL elements).
- organic electroluminescent elements have been used as planar light sources, but an alternating high voltage is required to drive the light emitting elements.
- an organic EL element has a configuration in which a light emitting layer containing a compound that emits light is sandwiched between a cathode and an anode, and injects electrons and holes into the light emitting layer to recombine excitons. It is an element that emits light by utilizing the emission of light (fluorescence / phosphorescence) when the exciton is deactivated, and can emit light at a voltage of several volts to several tens of volts. Therefore, it has a wide viewing angle, high visibility, and since it is a thin-film type complete solid-state device, it is attracting attention from the viewpoints of space saving and portability.
- iridium complexes that are typical phosphorescent compounds, for example, dibenzofuran and pyridine can be used as described in JP-A No. 2002-332291, JP-A No. 2005-23071, JP-A No. 2002-23072, and the like.
- the example which controlled the three-dimensional structure with the combined ligand is given.
- Patent Documents 1 and 5 Iridium complexes complexed from phenylpyrazole derivatives (see Patent Documents 1 and 5), phenylimidazole derivatives (see Patent Documents 2 and 3), and derivatives containing a carbene moiety in the ligand (Patent Documents 4 and 1) But there are similar applications.
- Non-patent Document 2 a complex having a ligand further expanded by ⁇ conjugation is synthesized on the benzene ring of the ligand.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescence device having a low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency, excellent durability, and excellent dark spot generation preventing effect. Moreover, it is providing the illuminating device and display apparatus provided with this organic electroluminescent element.
- An organic electroluminescence device having an anode, a cathode, and a light emitting layer, which emits light on the shortest wavelength side of the light emission spectrum when measured at 300 K and the light emission maximum wavelength on the shortest wavelength side when measured at 77 K
- An organic electroluminescence device comprising a layer containing a compound A having a difference from a maximum wavelength of 0 nm to 5 nm.
- C 10 and C 11 represents a carbon atom.
- a 1 and A 2 represent a nitrogen atom or CRa.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- P 1 represents an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, or a sulfur atom.
- P 2 , P 3 and P 4 each represent CRb, C (RcRd), a nitrogen atom, NRe, Si (RfRg), an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- Rb, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf and Rg each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Rb, Rc, Rd and Re are not bonded to each other to form a ring.
- a 0 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- k represents 0 or an integer of 1.
- B 1 to B 5 each represent a carbon atom, CR 0 , a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, at least one of which represents a nitrogen atom, and these five atoms form a 5-membered aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring. It is formed.
- R 0 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- X 1 -L 1 -X 2 represents a bidentate ligand, and X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
- the bonds between C 11 and P 4 , C 11 and P 3 , P 4 and P 3 , P 3 and P 2 , P 2 and P 1, and P 1 and C 10 are single bonds or double bonds.
- L 1 represents an atomic group to form a bidentate ligand with X 1 and X 2.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- m represents an integer of (3-n).
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table. ] 5). 5.
- a 1 and A 2 each represent a nitrogen atom or CRa.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- D 1 , D 2 and D 3 represent CRb or a nitrogen atom.
- Rb represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Moreover, Rb is not bonded to each other to form a ring.
- a 0 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- B 1 to B 5 each represent a carbon atom, CR 0 , a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and at least one of B 1 to B 5 is a nitrogen atom.
- R 0 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- X 1 -L 1 -X 2 represents a bidentate ligand, and X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
- L 1 represents an atomic group that forms a bidentate ligand together with X 1 and X 2 .
- n represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- m represents an integer of (3-n).
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table. ] 6). 5.
- a 1 and A 2 are each nitrogen atom, or represents CRa.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- R 61 , R 62 and R 63 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- a 0 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- R 61 , R 62 and R 63 are not bonded to each other to form a ring.
- B 1 to B 5 each represent a carbon atom, CR 0 , a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and at least one of B 1 to B 5 is a nitrogen atom.
- R 0 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- X 1 -L 1 -X 2 represents a bidentate ligand, and X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
- L 1 represents an atomic group to form a bidentate ligand with X 1 and X 2.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- m represents an integer of (3-n).
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table. ] 7). 5.
- a 1 and A 2 represent a nitrogen atom or CRa.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Z 0 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 each represent C (RcRd), NRe, Si (RfRg), an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- Rc, Rd, Re, Rf and Rg each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Rc, Rd and Re do not combine with each other to form a ring.
- a 0 is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- B 1 to B 5 each represent a carbon atom, CR 0 , a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and at least one of B 1 to B 5 is a nitrogen atom.
- R 0 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- X 1 -L 1- X 2 represents a bidentate ligand, and X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
- L 1 represents an atomic group that forms a bidentate ligand together with X 1 and X 2 .
- n represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- m represents an integer of (3-n).
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table. ] 8). 5.
- a 1 and A 2 represent a nitrogen atom or CRa.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Y 1 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, C (RcRd), NRe, or Si (RfRg).
- Rc, Rd, Re, Rf and Rg each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- R 71 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- R 71 , Rc and Rd are not bonded to each other to form a ring.
- a 0 is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- B 1 to B 5 each represent a carbon atom, CR 0 , a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and at least one of B 1 to B 5 is a nitrogen atom.
- R 0 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- X 1 -L 1 -X 2 represents a bidentate ligand, and X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
- L 1 represents an atomic group that forms a bidentate ligand together with X 1 and X 2 .
- n represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- m represents an integer of (3-n).
- a 1 and A 2 represent a nitrogen atom or CRa.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Y 2 represents a nitrogen atom or CRb.
- Rb represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Y 3 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- R 81 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- R 81 and Rb are not bonded to each other to form a ring.
- a 0 is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- B 1 to B 5 each represent a carbon atom, CR 0 , a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and at least one of B 1 to B 5 is a nitrogen atom.
- R 0 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- X 1 -L 1 -X 2 represents a bidentate ligand, and X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
- L 1 represents an atomic group that forms a bidentate ligand together with X 1 and X 2 .
- n represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- m represents an integer of (3-n).
- a 1 and A 2 represent a nitrogen atom or CRa.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Y 4 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- Y 5 and Y 6 represent C (RcRd), NRe, Si (RfRg), an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- Rc, Rd, Re, Rf and Rg each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Rc, Rd and Re do not combine with each other to form a ring.
- a 0 is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- B 1 to B 5 each represent a carbon atom, CR 0 , a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and at least one of B 1 to B 5 is a nitrogen atom.
- R 0 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- X 1 -L 1 -X 2 represents a bidentate ligand, and X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
- L 1 represents an atomic group that forms a bidentate ligand together with X 1 and X 2 .
- n represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- m represents an integer of (3-n).
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table. ] 11.
- the organic electroluminescence device according to any one of 4 to 10, wherein the ring composed of B 1 to B 5 is an imidazole ring or a pyrazole ring.
- An illumination device comprising the organic electroluminescence element according to any one of 1 to 13 above.
- a display device comprising the organic electroluminescence element according to any one of 1 to 13 above.
- an organic electroluminescence device having a low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency, excellent durability, and excellent dark spot generation preventing effect.
- the illuminating device and display apparatus provided with this organic electroluminescent element can be provided.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a display unit A.
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram of a pixel. It is a schematic diagram of a passive matrix type full-color display device. It is the schematic of an illuminating device. It is a schematic diagram of an illuminating device.
- the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is an organic electroluminescence device having an anode, a cathode, and a light emitting layer (hereinafter also referred to as an organic EL device), and the emission maximum wavelength on the shortest wavelength side of the emission spectrum measured at 300K. And a layer containing Compound A having a difference between the emission maximum wavelength on the shortest wavelength side of the emission spectrum measured at 77 K and not more than 0 nm and not more than 5 nm.
- an organic EL device having a low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency, excellent durability, and excellent dark spot generation preventing effect can be obtained.
- the present inventors have a large change in the molecular structure between the ground state (S0) and the excited triplet (T1) state when the phosphorescent compound emits light. As a result, it was estimated that non-radiation deactivation would increase, and that device lifetime and high light emission efficiency that could withstand practical use could not be obtained, and the problems were investigated.
- the ligand is often composed of two different rings, but as a substituent of the ring, an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group Are connected (in the figure below, A 0 as a substituent of the B ring), the rotation angle ( ⁇ 1) of the connecting portion of this ring and the substituent is the site having the largest structural change between S0 and T1. It has been found that It has been found that this structural change is reflected in the difference between the 0-0 transition band of the emission spectrum measured at 77K and the emission spectrum measured at 300K.
- Compound A has a difference between the emission maximum wavelength on the shortest wavelength side of the emission spectrum measured at 300K and the emission maximum wavelength on the shortest wavelength side of the emission spectrum measured at 77K is 0 nm or more and 5 nm or less. It is a certain compound.
- the emission maximum wavelength corresponds to the peak wavelength of the emission band (also referred to as 0-0 transition band) attributed to the 0-0 transition in the emission spectrum.
- the 0-0 transition band is the maximum emission wavelength that appears at the shortest wavelength in the emission spectrum chart obtained by the following measurement method.
- any solvent that can dissolve the compound may be used (substantially, the above-described measurement method has no problem because the solvent effect on the emission wavelength is negligible).
- the 0-0 transition band is obtained.
- the 0-0 transition band having the maximum emission wavelength that appears on the shortest wavelength side in the phosphorescence spectrum chart obtained by the above measurement method is Define.
- the emission spectrum is measured at 300K, and the difference between the 0-0 transition band and the 0-0 transition band when measured at 77K is taken.
- Compound A has a value of the above 0-0 transition band difference, and a specific compound typically includes a compound represented by the general formula (1).
- C 10, C 11 represents a carbon atom.
- a 1 and A 2 represent a nitrogen atom or CRa.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- P 1 represents an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, or a sulfur atom.
- P 2 , P 3 and P 4 each represent CRb, C (RcRd), a nitrogen atom, NRe, Si (RfRg), an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- Rb, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and Rg represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Rb, Rc, Rd, and Re do not combine with each other to form a ring.
- a 0 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- k represents 0 or an integer of 1.
- B 1 to B 5 represent a carbon atom, CR 0 , a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, but at least one represents a nitrogen atom, and a five-membered aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycle is formed by these five atoms.
- the R 0 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- X 1 -L 1 -X 2 represents a bidentate ligand, and X 1 and X 2 each independently represents a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
- the bonds between C 11 and P 4 , C 11 and P 3 , P 4 and P 3 , P 3 and P 2 , P 2 and P 1 , P 1 and C 10 are single bonds or double bonds.
- L 1 represents an atomic group that forms a bidentate ligand together with X 1 and X 2 .
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table.
- Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg, R 0 represents a substituent
- the substituent is an alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group).
- cycloalkyl group eg cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group etc.
- alkenyl group eg vinyl Group, allyl group, etc.
- alkynyl group for example, ethynyl group, propargyl group, etc.
- aromatic hydrocarbon ring group aromatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic carbocyclic group, aryl group, etc., for example, phenyl group, p-chlorophenyl group, mesityl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group, azulenyl group, acenaphthenyl group Fluorenyl group, phenanthryl group,
- arylthio group eg, phenylthio group, naphthylthio group, etc.
- alkoxycarbonyl group eg, methyloxycarbonyl group, ethyloxycarbonyl group, butyloxycarbonyl group, octyloxycarbonyl group, dodecyloxycarbonyl group, etc.
- An aryloxycarbonyl group eg, phenyloxycarbonyl group, naphthyloxycarbonyl group, etc.
- a sulfamoyl group eg, aminosulfonyl group, methylaminosulfonyl group, dimethylaminosulfonyl group, butylaminosulfonyl group, hexylaminosulfonyl group, cyclohexyl
- Aminosulfonyl group octylaminosulfonyl group, dodecylaminos
- Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg, R 0 represent a substituent
- examples of preferred substituents include an alkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, an aromatic group.
- a heterocyclic group, an alkoxy group, and an amino group are mentioned.
- a 0 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group include phenyl group, p-chlorophenyl group, mesityl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group, azulenyl group, acenaphthenyl group, fluorenyl group, phenanthryl group, indenyl group, pyrenyl Group, biphenylyl group and the like.
- aromatic heterocyclic group examples include a pyridyl group, pyrimidinyl group, furyl group, pyrrolyl group, imidazolyl group, benzoimidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, pyrazinyl group, triazolyl group (for example, 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl).
- oxazolyl group 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group, etc.
- benzoxazolyl group thiazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, furazanyl group, thienyl group, quinolyl group, benzofuryl group, dibenzofuryl group , Benzothienyl group, dibenzothienyl group, indolyl group, carbazolyl group, carbolinyl group, diazacarbazolyl group (indicating that one of the carbon atoms constituting the carboline ring of the carbolinyl group is replaced by a nitrogen atom), quinoxalinyl Group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, key Zoriniru group, phthalazinyl group).
- a 0 preferably has a substituent, and preferred examples of the substituent include an alkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, and an alkoxy group. Preferably, it is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group.
- a 1 and A 2 represent a nitrogen atom or CRa.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- D 1 , D 2 and D 3 represent CRb and a nitrogen atom.
- Rb represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- a 0 is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- B 1 to B 5 each represent a carbon atom, CR 0 , a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and at least one of B 1 to B 5 is a nitrogen atom.
- X 1 -L 1 -X 2 represents a bidentate ligand, and X 1 and X 2 each independently represents a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
- L 1 represents an atomic group that forms a bidentate ligand together with X 1 and X 2 .
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table.
- Ra, Rb, and R 0 represent a substituent, they are synonymous with Ra, Rb, and R 0 in the general formula (1). Moreover, Rb is not bonded to each other to form a ring.
- a 0 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, it has the same meaning as A 0 in the general formula (1).
- a 1 and A 2 represent a nitrogen atom or CRa.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- R 61 , R 62 and R 63 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- a 0 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- B 1 to B 5 each represent a carbon atom, CR 0 , a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and at least one of B 1 to B 5 is a nitrogen atom.
- X 1 -L 1 -X 2 represents a bidentate ligand, and X 1 and X 2 each independently represents a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
- L 1 represents an atomic group that forms a bidentate ligand together with X 1 and X 2 .
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table.
- Ra, R 61 , R 62 , R 63 , R 0 represent a substituent, they are synonymous with Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, R 0 in the general formula (1).
- a 0 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, it has the same meaning as A 0 in General Formula (1).
- a 1 and A 2 represent a nitrogen atom or CRa.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Z 0 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 represent C (RcRd), NRe, Si (RfRg), an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and Rg represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- a 0 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- B 1 to B 5 each represent a carbon atom, CR 0 , a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and at least one of B 1 to B 5 is a nitrogen atom.
- X 1 -L 1 -X 2 represents a bidentate ligand, and X 1 and X 2 each independently represents a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
- L 1 represents an atomic group that forms a bidentate ligand together with X 1 and X 2 .
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table. R 61 , R 62 and R 63 are not bonded to each other to form a ring.
- Ra, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and Rg represent a substituent, they are synonymous with Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, and R 0 in the general formula (1).
- a 0 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, it has the same meaning as A 0 in the general formula (1). Also, Rc, Rd, Re is not able to bond to each other to form a ring.
- a 1 and A 2 represent a nitrogen atom or CRa.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Y 1 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, C (RcRd), NRe, or Si (RfRg).
- Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and Rg represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- R 71 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- a 0 is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- B 1 to B 5 each represent a carbon atom, CR 0 , a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and at least one of B 1 to B 5 is a nitrogen atom.
- X 1 -L 1 -X 2 represents a bidentate ligand, and X 1 and X 2 each independently represents a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
- L 1 represents an atomic group that forms a bidentate ligand together with X 1 and X 2 .
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table.
- Ra, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and Rg represent a substituent, they are synonymous with Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, and R 0 in the general formula (1).
- a 0 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, it has the same meaning as A 0 in the general formula (1).
- R 71 , Rc and Rd are not bonded to each other to form a ring.
- a 1 and A 2 represent a nitrogen atom or CRa.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Y 2 represents a nitrogen atom or CRb.
- Rb represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Y 3 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- R 81 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- a 0 is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- B 1 to B 5 each represent a carbon atom, CR 0 , a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and at least one of B 1 to B 5 is a nitrogen atom.
- X 1 -L 1 -X 2 represents a bidentate ligand, and X 1 and X 2 each independently represents a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
- L 1 represents an atomic group that forms a bidentate ligand together with X 1 and X 2 .
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table.
- Ra, Rb, and R 81 represent a substituent, they are synonymous with Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, and R 0 in the general formula (1).
- R 81 and Rb are not bonded to each other to form a ring.
- a 1, A 2 is nitrogen atom, or represents CRa.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Y 4 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- Y 5 and Y 6 each represent C (RcRd), NRe, Si (RfRg), an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and Rg represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- a 0 is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- B 1 to B 5 each represent a carbon atom, CR 0 , a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and at least one of B 1 to B 5 is a nitrogen atom.
- X 1 -L 1 -X 2 represents a bidentate ligand, and X 1 and X 2 each independently represents a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
- L 1 represents an atomic group to form a bidentate ligand with X 1, X 2.
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table.
- Ra, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and Rg represent a substituent, they are synonymous with Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, and R 0 in the general formula (1). Also, Rc, Rd, Re is not able to bond to each other to form a ring.
- a 0 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, it has the same meaning as A 0 in the general formula (1).
- the compounds represented by the general formulas (2) to (7) can be preferably used.
- the case represented by the general formulas (4) to (7) is preferred, and the case represented by the general formulas (4) and (7) is most preferred.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- m represents an integer of (3-n).
- the ring composed of B 1 to B 5 is preferably an imidazole ring or a pyrazole ring, and most preferably an imidazole ring.
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table, and is preferably iridium.
- bidentate ligand represented by X 1 -L 1 -X 2 include substituted or unsubstituted Examples include phenylpyridine, phenylpyrazole, phenylimidazole, phenyltriazole, phenyltetrazole, pyrazabole, acetylacetone, and picolinic acid.
- each of the compounds represented by the general formulas (2) to (7) which are more specific compounds of the compound represented by the general formula (1).
- the synthesis will be described as an example.
- Exemplified Compound 1 (corresponding to General Formula (7)) was synthesized by the steps shown below.
- reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered, thoroughly washed with methanol and dried to obtain 0.5 g of ⁇ complex (2).
- Step 5 Synthesis of acac complex (3)
- ⁇ complex (2) 0.5 g of ⁇ complex (2), 0.1 g of acetylacetone, 0.1 g of sodium carbonate and 20 ml of 2-ethoxyethanol were introduced, and nitrogen was blown into the flask.
- a tube, a thermometer and a condenser were attached and set on an oil bath stirrer.
- the reaction was performed for 2 hours at an internal temperature of about 90 ° C. under nitrogen flow.
- reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and the crystals were filtered.
- the crystals were washed with 30 ml of water and 10 ml of MeOH and dried to obtain 0.4 g of acac complex (3).
- acac complex (3) 0.4 g of acac complex (3), 0.2 g of ligand (1), and 20 ml of glycerin are placed, and a nitrogen blowing tube, thermometer, and air cooling tube are attached to an oil bath stirrer. It was set. The reaction was terminated by heating and stirring for 10 hours at a nitrogen gas stream inner temperature of around 170 ° C.
- reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and the crystals were filtered.
- Exemplified Compound 111 (Equivalent to General Formula (4)) >> Exemplified compound 111 was synthesized by the same synthesis method as in Exemplified Compound 1 except that Ligand (1) was replaced by Ligand (2-1).
- Exemplified Compound 84 (corresponding to General Formula (6))
- Exemplified Compound 84 was synthesized by the same synthesis method as in Exemplified Compound 1 except that Ligand (1) was replaced with Ligand (4-1).
- the organic EL device of the present invention preferably has a light emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, and preferably has a layer containing the compound A between the anode and the cathode, but the layer containing the compound A is a light emitting layer.
- An embodiment that is is a preferred embodiment.
- the aspect in which the compound A according to the present invention functions as a light-emitting dopant described below is a preferable aspect.
- a display device using these is preferable. Further, a white light emitting layer may be formed by laminating at least three of these light emitting layers, and an illumination device using them may be used. Further, a non-light emitting intermediate layer may be provided between the light emitting layers.
- the light-emitting layer according to the present invention is a layer that emits light by recombination of injected electrons and holes, and the light-emitting portion is the interface between the light-emitting layer and the adjacent layer even in the layer of the light-emitting layer. May be.
- the total thickness of the light emitting layer is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of preventing the application of a high voltage unnecessary for the film uniformity and light emission, and improving the stability of the emitted color with respect to the driving current. It is preferable to adjust to the range of 5 ⁇ m, more preferably to the range of 2 nm to 200 nm, and particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 20 nm.
- a light-emitting dopant or a host compound which will be described later, is formed by a known thinning method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, an LB method, or an ink-jet method. it can.
- the light emitting layer is preferably a layer formed using a coating solution containing the compound A according to the present invention.
- the light emitting layer of the organic EL device of the present invention contains a host compound and a light emitting dopant (phosphorescent compound (also referred to as phosphorescent dopant), fluorescent dopant, etc.).
- a light emitting dopant phosphorescent compound (also referred to as phosphorescent dopant), fluorescent dopant, etc.).
- the compound A is preferably used, but other dopants that can be used will be described.
- the host compound in the present invention is a phosphorescent quantum yield of phosphorescence emission at a room temperature (25 ° C.) having a mass ratio of 20% or more in the compound contained in the light emitting layer. Is defined as a compound of less than 0.1.
- the phosphorescence quantum yield is preferably less than 0.01.
- a known host compound may be used alone, or a plurality of types may be used in combination.
- a plurality of types of host compounds it is possible to adjust the movement of charges, and the efficiency of the organic EL element can be increased.
- the host compound used in the present invention may be a conventionally known low molecular compound or a high molecular compound having a repeating unit, and a low molecular compound having a polymerizable group such as a vinyl group or an epoxy group (deposition polymerization property). Light emitting host).
- a compound that has a hole transporting ability and an electron transporting ability, prevents the emission of longer wavelengths, and has a high Tg (glass transition temperature) is preferable.
- Luminescent dopant As the light emitting dopant, a fluorescent dopant (also referred to as a fluorescent compound) and a phosphorescent dopant can be used. From the viewpoint of obtaining an organic EL element with higher luminous efficiency, the light emitting layer and light emission of the organic EL element of the present invention can be used. As the light emitting dopant used in the unit (sometimes simply referred to as a light emitting material), it is preferable to contain a phosphorescent dopant simultaneously with the host compound.
- the phosphorescent dopant is a compound in which light emission from an excited triplet is observed, specifically, a compound that emits phosphorescence at room temperature (25 ° C.), and a phosphorescence quantum yield of 0.01 or more at 25 ° C.
- the preferred phosphorescence quantum yield is 0.1 or more.
- the phosphorescent quantum yield can be measured by the method described in Spectroscopic II, page 398 (1992 edition, Maruzen) of the Fourth Edition Experimental Chemistry Course 7. Although the phosphorescence quantum yield in a solution can be measured using various solvents, the phosphorescence dopant according to the present invention achieves the phosphorescence quantum yield (0.01 or more) in any solvent. Bayoi.
- phosphorescent dopants There are two types of light emission of phosphorescent dopants in principle. One is the recombination of carriers on the host compound to which carriers are transported to generate an excited state of the host compound, and this energy is transferred to the phosphorescent dopant. Energy transfer type to obtain light emission from the phosphorescent dopant, another is that the phosphorescent dopant becomes a carrier trap, carrier recombination occurs on the phosphorescent dopant, and light emission from the phosphorescent dopant is obtained In any case, the excited state energy of the phosphorescent dopant is required to be lower than the excited state energy of the host compound.
- the phosphorescent dopant can be appropriately selected from known materials used for the light emitting layer of the organic EL element. Specific examples include compounds described in the following patent publications.
- WO 00/70655 pamphlet JP 2002-280178, JP 2001-181616, JP 2002-280179, JP 2001-181617, JP 2002-280180, JP 2001-247859, JP 2002-299060, JP 2001-313178, JP 2002-302671, JP 2001-345183, JP 2002-324679, International Publication No. 02/15645 pamphlet, JP 2002-332291 A, JP 2002-50484 A, JP 2002-332292 A, JP 2002-83684 A, JP 2002-540572 A, JP 2002-2002 A. No.
- the phosphorescent dopant according to the present invention is preferably a complex compound containing a group 8-10 metal in the periodic table of elements, more preferably an iridium compound, an osmium compound, or a platinum compound (platinum complex compound), Rare earth complexes, most preferably iridium compounds.
- the compound used as the phosphorescent dopant is preferably an organometallic complex having a structure represented by any one of the above general formulas (2) to (7).
- Fluorescent dopants include coumarin dyes, pyran dyes, cyanine dyes, croconium dyes, squalium dyes, oxobenzanthracene dyes, fluorescein dyes, rhodamine dyes, pyrylium dyes, perylene dyes, stilbene dyes , Polythiophene dyes, rare earth complex phosphors, and the like.
- Injection layer electron injection layer, hole injection layer >> The injection layer is provided as necessary, and there are an electron injection layer and a hole injection layer, and as described above, it exists between the anode and the light emitting layer or the hole transport layer and between the cathode and the light emitting layer or the electron transport layer. May be.
- An injection layer is a layer provided between an electrode and an organic layer in order to reduce drive voltage and improve light emission luminance.
- Organic EL element and its forefront of industrialization (issued by NTT Corporation on November 30, 1998) 2), Chapter 2, “Electrode Materials” (pages 123 to 166) in detail, and includes a hole injection layer (anode buffer layer) and an electron injection layer (cathode buffer layer).
- anode buffer layer hole injection layer
- copper phthalocyanine is used.
- examples thereof include a phthalocyanine buffer layer represented by an oxide, an oxide buffer layer represented by vanadium oxide, an amorphous carbon buffer layer, and a polymer buffer layer using a conductive polymer such as polyaniline (emeraldine) or polythiophene.
- cathode buffer layer (electron injection layer) The details of the cathode buffer layer (electron injection layer) are described in JP-A-6-325871, JP-A-9-17574, JP-A-10-74586, and the like. Specifically, strontium, aluminum, etc.
- Metal buffer layer typified by lithium, alkali metal compound buffer layer typified by lithium fluoride, alkaline earth metal compound buffer layer typified by magnesium fluoride, oxide buffer layer typified by aluminum oxide, etc. .
- the injection layer can be formed by thinning the above material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, an ink jet method, or an LB method.
- the buffer layer (injection layer) is preferably a very thin film, and although it depends on the material, the film thickness is preferably in the range of 0.1 nm to 5 ⁇ m.
- This injection layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- ⁇ Blocking layer hole blocking layer, electron blocking layer>
- the blocking layer is provided as necessary in addition to the basic constituent layer of the organic compound thin film as described above. For example, it is described in JP-A Nos. 11-204258 and 11-204359, and “Organic EL elements and the forefront of industrialization (published by NTT Corporation on November 30, 1998)” on page 237. There is a hole blocking (hole blocking) layer.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a hole blocking material that has a function of transporting electrons and has a remarkably small ability to transport holes. The probability of recombination of electrons and holes can be improved by blocking. Moreover, the structure of the electron carrying layer mentioned later can be used as a hole-blocking layer as needed.
- the hole blocking layer preferably contains a carbazole derivative, a carboline derivative, or a diazacarbazole derivative (in which any one of carbon atoms constituting the carboline ring of the carboline derivative is replaced with a nitrogen atom).
- the light emitting layer whose emission maximum wavelength is the shortest is the closest to the anode among all the light emitting layers.
- a hole blocking layer is additionally provided between the shortest wave layer and the light emitting layer next to the anode next to the shortest wave layer.
- 50% by mass or more of the compound contained in the hole blocking layer provided at the position has an ionization potential of 0.3 eV or more larger than the host compound of the shortest wave emitting layer.
- the ionization potential is defined by the energy required to emit electrons at the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) level of the compound to the vacuum level, and can be obtained by, for example, the following method.
- a low energy electron spectrometer “Model AC-1” manufactured by Riken Keiki Co., Ltd. or a method known as ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy can be suitably used.
- the electron blocking layer has a function of a hole transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a material that has a function of transporting holes and has an extremely small ability to transport electrons, and transports electrons while transporting holes. By blocking, the recombination probability of electrons and holes can be improved.
- the structure of the hole transport layer described later can be used as an electron blocking layer as necessary.
- the film thickness of the hole blocking layer and the electron blocking layer is preferably 3 to 100 nm, and more preferably 5 to 30 nm.
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and in a broad sense, the hole injection layer and the electron blocking layer also have the function of a hole transport layer.
- the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport material has any of hole injection or transport and electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
- triazole derivatives oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives
- Examples thereof include stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aniline copolymers, and conductive polymer oligomers, particularly thiophene oligomers.
- the above-mentioned materials can be used as the hole transport material, but it is preferable to use a porphyrin compound, an aromatic tertiary amine compound and a styrylamine compound, particularly an aromatic tertiary amine compound.
- aromatic tertiary amine compounds and styrylamine compounds include N, N, N ′, N′-tetraphenyl-4,4′-diaminophenyl, N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′— Bis (3-methylphenyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl] -4,4'-diamine (TPD), 2,2-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) propane, 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) cyclohexane, N, N, N ′, N′-tetra-p-tolyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolyl) Aminophenyl) -4-phenylcyclohexane, bis (4-dimethylamino-2-methylphenyl) phenylmethane, bis (4-di-p-tolylaminoph
- a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
- inorganic compounds such as p-type-Si and p-type-SiC can also be used as the hole injection material and the hole transport material.
- JP-A-11-251067 J. Org. Huang et. al.
- a so-called p-type hole transport material described in a book (Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), p. 139) can also be used.
- these materials are preferably used because a light-emitting element with higher efficiency can be obtained.
- the hole transport layer can be formed by thinning the hole transport material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an ink jet method, or an LB method. it can.
- the thickness of the hole transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually about 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 200 nm.
- This hole transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- a hole transport layer having a high p property doped with impurities examples thereof include JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-2000-196140, JP-A-2001-102175, J. Pat. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004), and the like.
- a hole transport layer having such a high p property because a device with lower power consumption can be produced.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and in a broad sense, an electron injection layer and a hole blocking layer are also included in the electron transport layer.
- the electron transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- an electron transport material also serving as a hole blocking material used for an electron transport layer adjacent to the light emitting layer on the cathode side is injected from the cathode.
- any material can be selected and used from among conventionally known compounds. For example, nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives Thiopyrandioxide derivatives, carbodiimides, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives and the like.
- a thiadiazole derivative in which the oxygen atom of the oxadiazole ring is substituted with a sulfur atom, and a quinoxaline derivative having a quinoxaline ring known as an electron withdrawing group can also be used as an electron transport material.
- a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
- metal complexes of 8-quinolinol derivatives such as tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum (Alq), tris (5,7-dichloro-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinol) aluminum Tris (2-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, bis (8-quinolinol) zinc (Znq), and the like, and the central metals of these metal complexes are In, Mg, Metal complexes replaced with Cu, Ca, Sn, Ga, or Pb can also be used as the electron transport material.
- metal-free or metal phthalocyanine or those having terminal ends substituted with an alkyl group or a sulfonic acid group can be preferably used as the electron transporting material.
- the distyrylpyrazine derivative exemplified as the material for the light emitting layer can also be used as an electron transport material, and an inorganic semiconductor such as n-type-Si, n-type-SiC, etc. as in the case of the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer. Can also be used as an electron transporting material.
- the electron transport layer can be formed by thinning the electron transport material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an ink jet method, or an LB method.
- the thickness of the electron transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually about 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 200 nm.
- the electron transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- an electron transport layer having a high n property doped with impurities examples thereof include JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-10-270172, JP-A-2000-196140, 2001-102175, J.A. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004), and the like.
- anode As the anode in the organic EL element, an electrode material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used. Specific examples of such electrode substances include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) that can form a transparent conductive film may be used.
- the anode may be formed by depositing a thin film of these electrode materials by vapor deposition or sputtering, and a pattern having a desired shape may be formed by photolithography, or when pattern accuracy is not so high (about 100 ⁇ m or more) A pattern may be formed through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material.
- a wet film forming method such as a printing method or a coating method can be used.
- the transmittance be greater than 10%, and the sheet resistance as the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness depends on the material, it is usually selected in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- cathode a material having a low work function (4 eV or less) metal (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof as an electrode material is used.
- electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, aluminum, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function than this for example, a magnesium / silver mixture
- a magnesium / aluminum mixture a magnesium / aluminum mixture, a magnesium / indium mixture, an aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixture, a lithium / aluminum mixture, aluminum and the like.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance as the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the emission luminance is advantageously improved.
- a transparent or semi-transparent cathode can be produced by producing the conductive transparent material mentioned in the description of the anode on the cathode after producing the metal with a thickness of 1 nm to 20 nm on the cathode, and applying this.
- an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transmissive can be manufactured.
- a support substrate (hereinafter also referred to as a substrate, substrate, substrate, support, etc.) that can be used in the organic EL device of the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the type of glass, plastic, etc., and it is transparent. May be opaque. When light is taken out from the supporting substrate side is preferably the supporting substrate is transparent. Examples of the transparent support substrate preferably used include glass, quartz, and a transparent resin film. A particularly preferable support substrate is a resin film capable of giving flexibility to the organic EL element.
- polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene, polypropylene, cellophane, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), Cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate phthalate (TAC) and cellulose nitrate or derivatives thereof, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene vinyl alcohol, syndiotactic polystyrene, polycarbonate, norbornene resin, polymethylpentene, polyether ketone, polyimide , Polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfones Polyetherimide, polyether ketone imide, polyamide, fluorine resin, nylon, polymethyl methacrylate, acrylic or polyarylates, and cycloolefin resins such as ARTON (manufactured by JSR)
- an inorganic film, an organic film, or a hybrid film of both may be formed, and the water vapor permeability (temperature 25 ⁇ 0.5) measured by a method according to JIS K 7129-1992.
- C., relative humidity 90 ⁇ 2% RH is preferably 0.01 g / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h) or less, and the oxygen permeability measured by a method according to JIS K 7126-1987.
- Is preferably a high-barrier film having a water vapor transmission rate of 10 ⁇ 5 g / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h) or less and 10 ⁇ 3 ml / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h ⁇ atm) or less.
- the material for forming the barrier film may be any material that has a function of suppressing the intrusion of elements that cause deterioration of elements such as moisture and oxygen.
- silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, or the like can be used.
- the method for forming the barrier film is not particularly limited.
- vacuum deposition, sputtering, reactive sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy, cluster ion beam, ion plating, plasma polymerization, atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization A plasma CVD method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a coating method, or the like can be used, but an atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization method as described in JP-A-2004-68143 is particularly preferable.
- the opaque support substrate examples include metal plates such as aluminum and stainless steel, films, opaque resin substrates, ceramic substrates, and the like.
- the external extraction quantum efficiency at room temperature of light emission of the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 5% or more.
- the external extraction quantum efficiency (%) the number of photons emitted to the outside of the organic EL element / the number of electrons sent to the organic EL element ⁇ 100.
- a hue improvement filter such as a color filter may be used in combination, or a color conversion filter that converts the emission color from the organic EL element into multiple colors using a phosphor may be used in combination.
- the ⁇ max of light emission of the organic EL element is preferably 480 nm or less.
- the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably sealed by sealing with a sealing member in order to seal the anode, the cathode, and the layer between the cathode and the anode from the outside air.
- sealing means used in the present invention include a method of bonding a sealing member, an electrode, and a support substrate with an adhesive.
- the sealing member may be disposed so as to cover the display area of the organic EL element, and may be a concave plate shape or a flat plate shape. Further, transparency and electrical insulation are not particularly limited.
- Specific examples include a glass plate, a polymer plate / film, and a metal plate / film.
- the glass plate include soda-lime glass, barium / strontium-containing glass, lead glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, barium borosilicate glass, and quartz.
- the polymer plate include polycarbonate, acrylic, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulfide, and polysulfone.
- the metal plate include those made of one or more metals or alloys selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, iron, copper, aluminum, magnesium, nickel, zinc, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, silicon, germanium, and tantalum.
- a polymer film and a metal film can be preferably used because the element can be thinned.
- the polymer film has an oxygen permeability measured by a method according to JIS K 7126-1987 of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ml / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h ⁇ atm) or less, and a method according to JIS K 7129-1992. It is preferable that the water vapor transmission rate (25 ⁇ 0.5 ° C., relative humidity (90 ⁇ 2)% RH) measured in (1) is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 g / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h) or less.
- sealing member For processing the sealing member into a concave shape, sandblasting, chemical etching, or the like is used.
- the adhesive include photocuring and thermosetting adhesives having reactive vinyl groups of acrylic acid oligomers and methacrylic acid oligomers, and moisture curing adhesives such as 2-cyanoacrylates. be able to.
- hot-melt type polyamide, polyester, and polyolefin can be mentioned.
- a cationic curing type ultraviolet curing epoxy resin adhesive can be mentioned.
- an organic EL element may deteriorate by heat processing, what can be adhesively cured from room temperature to 80 ° C. is preferable.
- a desiccant may be dispersed in the adhesive.
- Application of the adhesive to the sealing portion may be performed using a commercially available dispenser or may be printed like screen printing.
- an inorganic or organic layer on the outer side of the electrode on the side facing the support substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween, and form an inorganic or organic layer in contact with the support substrate to form a sealing film. it can.
- the material for forming the film may be any material that has a function of suppressing intrusion of elements that cause deterioration of elements such as moisture and oxygen.
- silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, or the like may be used. it can.
- a laminated structure of these inorganic layers and layers made of organic materials it is preferable to have a laminated structure of these inorganic layers and layers made of organic materials.
- the method of forming these films There are no particular limitations on the method of forming these films. For example, vacuum deposition, sputtering, reactive sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy, cluster ion beam, ion plating, plasma polymerization, atmospheric pressure plasma A combination method, a plasma CVD method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a coating method, or the like can be used.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, or an inert liquid such as fluorinated hydrocarbon or silicon oil can be injected in the gas phase and liquid phase.
- a vacuum can also be used.
- a hygroscopic compound can also be enclosed inside.
- hygroscopic compound examples include metal oxides (for example, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide) and sulfates (for example, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cobalt sulfate).
- metal oxides for example, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide
- sulfates for example, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cobalt sulfate.
- metal halides eg calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, cesium fluoride, tantalum fluoride, cerium bromide, magnesium bromide, barium iodide, magnesium iodide etc.
- perchloric acids eg perchloric acid Barium, magnesium perchlorate, and the like
- anhydrous salts are preferably used in sulfates, metal halides, and perchloric acids.
- a protective film or a protective plate may be provided on the outer side of the sealing film on the side facing the support substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween or on the sealing film.
- the mechanical strength is not necessarily high, and thus it is preferable to provide such a protective film and a protective plate.
- the same glass plate, polymer plate / film, metal plate / film, and the like used for the sealing can be used, but the polymer film is light and thin. Is preferably used.
- the organic EL element emits light inside a layer having a refractive index higher than that of air (refractive index is about 1.7 to 2.1) and can extract only about 15% to 20% of the light generated in the light emitting layer. It is generally said. This is because light incident on the interface (interface between the transparent substrate and air) at an angle ⁇ greater than the critical angle causes total reflection and cannot be taken out of the device, or between the transparent electrode or light emitting layer and the transparent substrate. This is because the light is totally reflected between the light and the light is guided through the transparent electrode or the light emitting layer, and as a result, the light escapes in the direction of the element side surface.
- a method of improving the light extraction efficiency for example, a method of forming irregularities on the surface of the transparent substrate and preventing total reflection at the transparent substrate and the air interface (US Pat. No. 4,774,435), A method for improving efficiency by giving light condensing property to a substrate (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-314795), a method of forming a reflective surface on the side surface of an element (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220394), and light emission from the substrate A method of forming an antireflection film by introducing a flat layer having an intermediate refractive index between the bodies (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- these methods can be used in combination with the organic EL device of the present invention.
- a method of introducing a flat layer having a lower refractive index than the substrate between the substrate and the light emitter, or a substrate, transparent A method of forming a diffraction grating between any layers of the electrode layer and the light emitting layer (including between the substrate and the outside) can be suitably used.
- the low refractive index layer examples include aerogel, porous silica, magnesium fluoride, and a fluorine-based polymer. Since the refractive index of the transparent substrate is generally about 1.5 to 1.7, the low refractive index layer preferably has a refractive index of about 1.5 or less. Further, it is preferably 1.35 or less.
- the thickness of the low refractive index medium is preferably at least twice the wavelength in the medium. This is because the effect of the low refractive index layer is diminished when the thickness of the low refractive index medium is about the wavelength of light and the electromagnetic wave that has exuded by evanescent enters the substrate.
- the method of introducing a diffraction grating into an interface or any medium that causes total reflection is characterized by a high effect of improving light extraction efficiency.
- This method uses the property that the diffraction grating can change the direction of light to a specific direction different from refraction by so-called Bragg diffraction such as first-order diffraction and second-order diffraction.
- Bragg diffraction such as first-order diffraction and second-order diffraction.
- light that cannot be emitted due to total reflection between layers, etc. is diffracted by introducing a diffraction grating into any layer or medium (inside a transparent substrate or transparent electrode), and the light is removed. I want to take it out.
- the diffraction grating to be introduced has a two-dimensional periodic refractive index. This is because light emitted from the light-emitting layer is randomly generated in all directions, so in a general one-dimensional diffraction grating having a periodic refractive index distribution only in a certain direction, only light traveling in a specific direction is diffracted. Therefore, the light extraction efficiency does not increase so much.
- the refractive index distribution a two-dimensional distribution
- the light traveling in all directions is diffracted, and the light extraction efficiency is increased.
- the position where the diffraction grating is introduced may be in any interlayer or medium (in the transparent substrate or in the transparent electrode), but is preferably in the vicinity of the organic light emitting layer where light is generated.
- the period of the diffraction grating is preferably about 1/2 to 3 times the wavelength of light in the medium.
- the arrangement of the diffraction grating is preferably two-dimensionally repeated, such as a square lattice, a triangular lattice, or a honeycomb lattice.
- the organic EL device of the present invention is processed on the light extraction side of the substrate so as to provide, for example, a microlens array structure, or combined with a so-called condensing sheet, for example, with respect to a specific direction, for example, the device light emitting surface.
- a specific direction for example, the device light emitting surface.
- quadrangular pyramids having a side of 30 ⁇ m and an apex angle of 90 degrees are arranged two-dimensionally on the light extraction side of the substrate.
- One side is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. If it becomes smaller than this, the effect of diffraction will generate
- the condensing sheet it is possible to use, for example, a sheet that has been put to practical use in an LED backlight of a liquid crystal display device.
- a sheet for example, Sumitomo 3M brightness enhancement film (BEF) can be used.
- BEF Sumitomo 3M brightness enhancement film
- the base material may be formed by forming a ⁇ -shaped stripe having a vertex angle of 90 degrees and a pitch of 50 ⁇ m, or the vertex angle is rounded and the pitch is changed randomly. Other shapes may be used.
- a light diffusion plate / film may be used in combination with the light collecting sheet.
- a diffusion film (light-up) manufactured by Kimoto Co., Ltd. can be used.
- a desired electrode material for example, a thin film made of an anode material is formed on a suitable substrate by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering so as to have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 10 nm to 200 nm. .
- organic compound thin films such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, and an electron transport layer, which are organic EL element materials, are formed thereon.
- Methods for forming these layers include the vapor deposition method and the wet process (spin coating method, casting method, ink jet method, printing method, etc.) as described above, but it is easy to obtain a uniform film and pinholes are generated. In view of difficulty, etc., film formation by vapor deposition, spin coating, ink jet, or printing is preferred in the present invention.
- a different film forming method may be applied for each layer.
- the vapor deposition conditions vary depending on the type of compound used, but generally a boat heating temperature of 50 ° C. to 450 ° C., a vacuum degree of 10 ⁇ 6 Pa to 10 ⁇ 2 Pa, and a vapor deposition rate of 0 It is desirable to select appropriately within a range of 0.01 nm / second to 50 nm / second, a substrate temperature of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 300 ° C., and a film thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- examples of the liquid medium for dissolving or dispersing the organic EL material according to the present invention include ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone, fatty acid esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, and dichlorobenzene.
- Halogenated hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, mesitylene and cyclohexylbenzene, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, decalin and dodecane, and organic solvents such as DMF and DMSO can be used.
- a dispersion method it can disperse
- the light emitting layer is preferably a layer formed using a coating solution containing the compound A according to the present invention.
- a thin film made of a cathode material is formed thereon by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering so as to have a film thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably in the range of 50 nm to 200 nm, and a cathode is provided.
- a desired organic EL element can be obtained.
- the organic EL device is manufactured from the hole injection layer to the cathode consistently by a single vacuum, it may be taken out halfway and subjected to different film forming methods. At that time, it is necessary to consider that the work is performed in a dry inert gas atmosphere.
- the organic EL element of the present invention can be used as a display device, a display, and various light emission sources.
- lighting devices home lighting, interior lighting
- clock and liquid crystal backlights billboard advertisements, traffic lights, light sources of optical storage media, light sources of electrophotographic copying machines, light sources of optical communication processors, light
- the light source of a sensor etc. are mentioned, It is not limited to this, Especially, it can use effectively for the use as a backlight of a liquid crystal display device, and a light source for illumination.
- patterning may be performed by a metal mask, an ink jet printing method, or the like during film formation, if necessary.
- patterning only the electrode may be patterned, the electrode and the light emitting layer may be patterned, or the entire layer of the element may be patterned, and a conventionally known method may be used in the fabrication of the element. it can.
- the light emission color of the organic EL device of the present invention and the compound according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 4.16 on page 108 of “New Color Science Handbook” (edited by the Japan Color Society, University of Tokyo Press, 1985). It is determined by the color when the result measured with a total CS-1000 (manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing) is applied to the CIE chromaticity coordinates.
- the display device of the present invention will be described.
- the display device of the present invention has the organic EL element.
- the display device of the present invention may be single color or multicolor, but here, the multicolor display device will be described.
- a shadow mask is provided only at the time of forming a light emitting layer, and a film can be formed on one surface by vapor deposition, casting, spin coating, ink jet, printing, or the like.
- the method is not limited, but is preferably a vapor deposition method, an inkjet method, or a printing method. In the case of using a vapor deposition method, patterning using a shadow mask is preferable.
- the alternating current waveform to be applied may be arbitrary.
- the multicolor display device can be used as a display device, a display, and various light sources.
- a display device or display full-color display is possible by using three types of organic EL elements of blue, red, and green light emission.
- Display devices and displays include televisions, personal computers, mobile devices, AV devices, teletext displays, information displays in automobiles, and the like. In particular, it may be used as a display device for reproducing still images and moving images, and the driving method when used as a display device for reproducing moving images may be either a simple matrix (passive matrix) method or an active matrix method.
- Light sources include home lighting, interior lighting, clock and liquid crystal backlights, billboard advertisements, traffic lights, light sources for optical storage media, light sources for electrophotographic copying machines, light sources for optical communication processors, light sources for optical sensors, etc. For example, it is not limited to this.
- the organic EL element of the present invention may be used as a kind of lamp for illumination or exposure light source, a projection device for projecting an image, or a display for directly viewing a still image or a moving image. It may be used as a device (display).
- the drive method when used as a display device for moving image reproduction may be either a simple matrix (passive matrix) method or an active matrix method.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a display device composed of organic EL elements. It is a schematic diagram of a display such as a mobile phone that displays image information by light emission of an organic EL element.
- the display 1 includes a display unit A having a plurality of pixels, a control unit B that performs image scanning of the display unit A based on image information, and the like.
- the control unit B is electrically connected to the display unit A, and sends a scanning signal and an image data signal to each of a plurality of pixels based on image information from the outside, and the pixels for each scanning line respond to the image data signal by the scanning signal.
- the image information is sequentially emitted to scan the image and display the image information on the display unit A.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the display unit A.
- the display unit A has a wiring unit including a plurality of scanning lines 5 and data lines 6 and a plurality of pixels 3 on the substrate.
- the main members of the display unit A will be described below.
- the light emitted from the pixel 3 is extracted in the direction of the white arrow (downward).
- the scanning line 5 and the plurality of data lines 6 in the wiring portion are each made of a conductive material, and the scanning lines 5 and the data lines 6 are orthogonal to each other in a grid pattern and are connected to the pixels 3 at the orthogonal positions (details are illustrated). Not)
- the pixel 3 When the scanning signal is applied from the scanning line 5, the pixel 3 receives the image data signal from the data line 6 and emits light according to the received image data.
- a full color display can be achieved by appropriately arranging pixels in the red region, the green region, and the blue region on the same substrate.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pixel.
- the pixel includes an organic EL element 10, a switching transistor 11, a driving transistor 12, a capacitor 13, and the like.
- a full color display can be performed by using red, green, and blue light emitting organic EL elements as the organic EL elements 10 in a plurality of pixels, and juxtaposing them on the same substrate.
- an image data signal is applied from the control unit B to the drain of the switching transistor 11 via the data line 6.
- a scanning signal is applied from the control unit B to the gate of the switching transistor 11 via the scanning line 5
- the driving of the switching transistor 11 is turned on, and the image data signal applied to the drain is supplied to the capacitor 13 and the driving transistor 12. Is transmitted to the gate.
- the capacitor 13 is charged according to the potential of the image data signal, and the drive transistor 12 is turned on.
- the drive transistor 12 has a drain connected to the power supply line 7 and a source connected to the electrode of the organic EL element 10, and the power supply line 7 connects to the organic EL element 10 according to the potential of the image data signal applied to the gate. Current is supplied.
- the driving of the switching transistor 11 is turned off. However, even if the driving of the switching transistor 11 is turned off, the capacitor 13 maintains the potential of the charged image data signal, so that the driving of the driving transistor 12 is kept on and the next scanning signal is applied. Until then, the light emission of the organic EL element 10 continues.
- the driving transistor 12 is driven according to the potential of the next image data signal synchronized with the scanning signal, and the organic EL element 10 emits light.
- the light emission of the organic EL element 10 is performed by providing the switching transistor 11 and the drive transistor 12 which are active elements with respect to the organic EL element 10 of each of the plurality of pixels, and the light emission of the organic EL element 10 of each of the plurality of pixels 3. It is carried out.
- Such a light emitting method is called an active matrix method.
- the light emission of the organic EL element 10 may be light emission of a plurality of gradations by a multi-value image data signal having a plurality of gradation potentials, or by turning on / off a predetermined light emission amount by a binary image data signal. Good.
- the potential of the capacitor 13 may be maintained until the next scanning signal is applied, or may be discharged immediately before the next scanning signal is applied.
- the present invention not only the active matrix method described above, but also a passive matrix light emission drive in which an organic EL element emits light according to a data signal only when a scanning signal is scanned.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a passive matrix display device.
- a plurality of scanning lines 5 and a plurality of image data lines 6 are provided in a lattice shape so as to face each other with the pixel 3 interposed therebetween.
- the pixel 3 connected to the applied scanning line 5 emits light according to the image data signal.
- the organic EL material of the present invention can be applied to an organic EL element that emits substantially white light as a lighting device.
- a plurality of light emitting colors are simultaneously emitted by a plurality of light emitting materials to obtain white light emission by color mixing.
- the combination of a plurality of emission colors may include three emission maximum wavelengths of the three primary colors of blue, green, and blue, or two using the relationship of complementary colors such as blue and yellow, blue green and orange, etc. The thing containing the light emission maximum wavelength may be used.
- a combination of light emitting materials for obtaining a plurality of emission colors is a combination of a plurality of phosphorescent or fluorescent materials, a light emitting material that emits fluorescence or phosphorescence, and light from the light emitting material as excitation light. Any of those combined with a dye material that emits light may be used, but in the white organic EL device according to the present invention, only a combination of a plurality of light-emitting dopants may be mixed.
- an electrode film can be formed by a vapor deposition method, a cast method, a spin coating method, an ink jet method, a printing method, or the like, and productivity is also improved. According to this method, unlike a white organic EL device in which light emitting elements of a plurality of colors are arranged in parallel in an array, the elements themselves are luminescent white.
- the light emitting material used for the light emitting layer is not particularly limited.
- the metal complex according to the present invention is adapted so as to conform to a wavelength range corresponding to CF (color filter) characteristics.
- CF color filter
- the white light emitting organic EL element according to the present invention is used as a kind of lamp such as household illumination, interior lighting, and exposure light source as various light emitting light sources and lighting devices in addition to the display device and display. It is also useful for display devices such as backlights for liquid crystal display devices.
- Example 1 Measurement of 0-0 transition band >> The 0-0 transition band of the emission spectrum of the compound of the present invention was measured at 77K and 300K. The 0-0 transition band of the emission spectrum was determined by the following measurement method.
- any solvent that can dissolve the compound may be used (substantially, since the solvent effect of the emission wavelength is negligible in the above measurement method, the change in the measured value is almost zero. can not see).
- the 0-0 transition band is obtained.
- the emission maximum wavelength that appears on the shortest wavelength side in the spectrum chart obtained by the above measurement method is defined as the 0-0 transition band. .
- the emission spectrum is measured at 300K, and the difference between the 0-0 transition band and the 0-0 transition band when measured at 77K is taken.
- a quartz substrate of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 1.1 mm was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and UV ozone cleaning was performed for 5 minutes.
- the quartz substrate was fixed to a substrate holder of a vacuum deposition apparatus available on the market, whereas, the H-1 was placed 200mg as a host compound to molybdenum resistance heating boat, put 100mg Comparative Compound 1 in a third resistive heating molybdenum boat, vacuum Attached to the vapor deposition equipment.
- the pressure in the vacuum chamber was reduced to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa, and then the heating boat containing H-1 and Comparative Compound 1 was energized and heated, and the deposition rates were 0.2 nm / second and 0.018 nm / second, respectively. Then, a 40 nm-thick luminescent layer was provided by co-evaporation on the quartz substrate. In addition, the substrate temperature at the time of vapor deposition was room temperature.
- an epoxy-based photo-curing adhesive (Lux Track LC0629B manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) is applied as a sealing material using a 300 ⁇ m-thick sealing glass as a sealing substrate. Then, this was superimposed on the above quartz substrate, irradiated with UV light, cured, sealed, and an illumination device was produced and evaluated.
- Organic EL elements 1-2 to 1-11 were respectively prepared in the same manner as in the production of the organic EL element 1-1 except that the comparative compound 1 as the light-emitting dopant was changed to the compounds shown in Table 1.
- the organic EL elements 1-2 to 1-11 were evaluated with the peak area obtained with the organic EL element 1-1 (Comparative Compound 1) being 1. A large area indicates that the luminous efficiency is high.
- Table 1 shows that, as in the compound of the present invention, a compound having a 0-0 transition band difference between 77K and 300K of 0 nm or more and 5 nm or less has higher luminous efficiency than the comparative compound.
- Example 2 Preparation of organic EL element 2-1 >> Transparent support provided with this ITO transparent electrode after patterning on a substrate (NH45 manufactured by NH Techno Glass Co., Ltd.) formed by depositing 100 nm of ITO (indium tin oxide) on a glass substrate of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 1.1 mm as an anode The substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and subjected to UV ozone cleaning for 5 minutes.
- a substrate NH45 manufactured by NH Techno Glass Co., Ltd.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- This transparent support substrate was fixed to a substrate holder of a vacuum deposition apparatus available on the market, whereas, placed 200mg of alpha-NPD to molybdenum resistance heating boat, the H-1 was placed 200mg as a host compound in a third resistive heating molybdenum boat, 200mg placed BAlq in a third resistive heating molybdenum boat, comparison in a third resistive heating molybdenum boat compound 1 (Ir-12) was placed 100mg, further Alq 3 was placed 200mg in a third resistive heating molybdenum boat, vacuum deposition Attached to the device.
- the vacuum chamber was depressurized to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa, heated by energizing the heating boat containing ⁇ -NPD, and deposited on the transparent support substrate at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second.
- the hole transport layer was provided.
- the heating boat containing H-1 and Comparative Compound 1 (Ir-12) was energized and heated, and both were deposited on the hole transport layer at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second and 0.012 nm / second, respectively. Evaporation was performed to provide a light emitting layer with a thickness of 40 nm.
- the substrate temperature at the time of vapor deposition was room temperature.
- the heating boat containing BAlq was energized and heated, and deposited on the light emitting layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to provide a 10 nm thick hole blocking layer.
- the heating boat containing Alq 3 is further energized and heated, and deposited on the hole blocking layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to further provide an electron transport layer having a thickness of 40 nm. It was.
- the substrate temperature at the time of vapor deposition was room temperature.
- lithium fluoride 0.5 nm and aluminum 110 nm were vapor-deposited to form a cathode, and an organic EL element 2-1 was produced.
- each organic EL element after fabrication is covered with a glass case, a 300 ⁇ m thick glass substrate is used as a sealing substrate, and an epoxy photo-curing adhesive (LUX The track LC0629B) is applied, and this is overlaid on the cathode and brought into close contact with the transparent support substrate, irradiated with UV light from the glass substrate side, cured, and sealed, as shown in FIGS.
- the lighting device 2-1 was formed and evaluated.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the lighting device, in which the organic EL element 101 is covered with a glass cover 102 (note that the sealing operation with the glass cover is performed without bringing the organic EL element 101 into contact with the atmosphere. (It was performed in a glove box under an atmosphere (under an atmosphere of high-purity nitrogen gas having a purity of 99.999% or more)).
- FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the lighting device.
- 105 denotes a cathode
- 106 denotes an organic EL layer
- 107 denotes a glass substrate with a transparent electrode.
- the glass cover 102 is filled with nitrogen gas 108 and a water catching agent 109 is provided.
- organic EL elements 2-2 to 2-36 were produced in the same manner except that the host compound and the light emitting dopant were changed as shown in Table 2.
- corresponding lighting devices 2-2 to 2-36 were produced from the organic EL elements 2-2 to 2-36 in the same manner as the lighting device 2-1.
- Luminescent efficiency also called external extraction quantum efficiency
- a spectral radiance meter CS-1000 manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing was used in the same manner.
- the measurement results of the external extraction quantum efficiency in Table 2 are expressed as relative values when the measurement value of the illumination device 2-1 using the organic EL element 2-1 is 100.
- Each lighting device is driven at a constant current with a current that gives an initial luminance of 1000 cd / m 2 under a constant condition of 50 ° C., and a time that is 1 ⁇ 2 (500 cd / m 2 ) of the initial luminance is obtained.
- the 50 ° C. driving life is expressed as a relative value when the comparative illumination device 2-1 is 100.
- Illumination device 2-1 (comparative example) is taken as 100, and each is shown as a relative value.
- Drive voltage (relative value) (drive voltage of each illumination device / drive voltage of illumination device 2-1 (comparative example)) ⁇ 100 A smaller value indicates a lower drive voltage for comparison.
- the lighting device of the present invention has a low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency, small deterioration at high temperature, and reduced dark spot generation compared to the comparative lighting device. It is.
- the difference in the 0-0 transition band of the luminescent dopant used in Table 2 between 77K and 300K was 0 nm or more and 5 nm or less.
- Example 3 Preparation of organic EL element 3-1 >> Patterning was performed on a substrate (NA-45, manufactured by AvanStrate Co., Ltd.) in which ITO (indium tin oxide) was formed to a thickness of 100 nm on a glass substrate of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 1.1 mm as an anode. Thereafter, the transparent support substrate provided with the ITO transparent electrode was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and subjected to UV ozone cleaning for 5 minutes.
- a substrate NA-45, manufactured by AvanStrate Co., Ltd.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- a solution obtained by diluting poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT / PSS, Bayer, Baytron P Al 4083) to 70% with pure water is spin-coated. After that, the film was dried at 200 ° C. for 1 hour to provide a first hole transport layer having a thickness of 30 nm.
- a hole transport material Poly N, N′-bis (4-butylphenyl) -N, N′-bis (phenyl)) benzidine (manufactured by American Dye Source, ADS- 254) was formed into a film by spin coating. It heat-dried at 150 degreeC for 1 hour, and provided the 2nd hole transport layer with a film thickness of 40 nm.
- a butyl acetate solution of the host compound H-1 and the comparative compound 1 as a luminescent dopant was formed by spin coating, dried by heating at 120 ° C. for 1 hour, and emitted light having a thickness of 40 nm. A layer was provided.
- a 1-butanol solution of the electron transport material OC-18 was formed by spin coating to provide an insolubilized electron transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm.
- CS-1000 manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing
- the external extraction quantum efficiency is expressed as a relative value where the illumination device 3-1 is 100.
- initial deterioration (Initial deterioration) According to the measurement method shown below, initial deterioration was evaluated and used as an index of durability. When the half-life was measured, the time required for the luminance to reach 90% was measured and used as a measure of initial deterioration. The initial deterioration was 100 for the comparative lighting device 3-1. The initial deterioration was calculated based on the following formula.
- Initial degradation (luminance 90% arrival time of lighting device 3-1) / (luminance 90% arrival time of each element) ⁇ 100 That is, the smaller the initial deterioration value, the smaller the initial deterioration.
- the coating solution used for forming the light emitting layer (a solution in which a mixture of H-1 (60 mg) and comparative compound 1 (3.0 mg) was dissolved in 12 ml of butyl acetate) was obtained at room temperature. After being left for 1 hour, the presence or absence of precipitation was confirmed, and the stagnation stability of the coating solution was evaluated and used as an index of the effect of preventing dark spots.
- the illumination device of the present invention has higher luminous efficiency, less degradation at high temperatures, and less dark spots, compared to the comparative illumination device.
- the difference in the 0-0 transition band of the luminescent dopant used in Table 3 between 77K and 300K was 0 nm or more and 5 nm or less.
- Example 4 Production of display device >> (Production of blue light emitting element)
- the organic EL element 2-7 of Example 2 was used as a blue light emitting element.
- a green light emitting device was produced in the same manner as in the organic EL device 2-1 of Example 2, except that the comparative compound 1 was changed to Ir-1, and this was used as a green light emitting device.
- a red light emitting device was produced in the same manner as in the organic EL device 2-1 of Example 2, except that the comparative compound 1 was changed to Ir-9, and this was used as a red light emitting device.
- the red, green, and blue light emitting organic EL elements produced above were juxtaposed on the same substrate to produce an active matrix type full color display device having a configuration as shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, only the schematic diagram of the display part A of the produced display device is shown.
- a plurality of pixels 3 (light emission color is a red region pixel, a green region pixel, a blue region pixel, etc.) juxtaposed with a wiring portion including a plurality of scanning lines 5 and data lines 6 on the same substrate.
- the scanning lines 5 and the plurality of data lines 6 in the wiring portion are each made of a conductive material, and the scanning lines 5 and the data lines 6 are orthogonal to each other in a grid pattern and are connected to the pixels 3 at the orthogonal positions.
- the plurality of pixels 3 are driven by an active matrix system provided with an organic EL element corresponding to each emission color, a switching transistor as an active element, and a driving transistor, and a scanning signal is applied from a scanning line 5.
- the image data signal is received from the data line 6 and light is emitted according to the received image data. In this way, a full color display device was produced by appropriately juxtaposing red, green, and blue pixels.
- the difference in emission maximum wavelength on the shortest wavelength side of the emission spectrum measured at 77K and 300K of the blue emission dopant (Compound Example 1) used here was 0 nm or more and 5 nm or less.
- the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention has a low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency, excellent durability, excellent dark spot generation preventing effect, and can be suitably used for lighting devices and display devices.
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Abstract
Description
5.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(2)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする前記4に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
6.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(3)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする前記4に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
7.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(4)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする前記4に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
8.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(5)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする前記4に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
9.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(6)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする前記4に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
10.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(7)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする前記4に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
11.前記B1~B5で構成される環が、イミダゾール環又はピラゾール環であることを特徴とする前記4から10のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
化合物Aは、300Kで測定した場合の発光スペクトルの、最短波長側の発光極大波長と、77Kで測定した場合の発光スペクトルの、最短波長側の発光極大波長との差が、0nm以上5nm以下である化合物である。
測定する化合物を、窒素バブリング等でよく脱酸素された2-メチルテトラヒドロフランに溶かし、測定用セルに入れた後液体窒素温度77Kで励起光を照射し、励起光照射後の発光スペクトルを測定する。
以下、一般式(1)で表される化合物について説明する。
100ml四つ口フラスコに配位子(1)0.7g、2-エトキシエタノール7.5ml、水2.5mlを入れ、窒素吹き込み管、温度計、コンデンサをつけて油浴スターラー上にセットした。
50ml四つ口フラスコに、0.5gのμ錯体(2)、0.1gのアセチルアセトン、0.1gの炭酸ナトリウム、2-エトキシエタノール20mlを入れ、窒素吹き込み管、温度計、コンデンサをつけて油浴スターラー上にセットした。
配位子(1)を、配位子(2-1)に置き換えて、例示化合物1の場合と同様の合成法で例示化合物111を合成した。
配位子(1)を、配位子(3-1)に置き換えて、例示化合物1の場合と同様の合成法で例示化合物75を合成した。
配位子(1)を、配位子(4-1)に置き換えて、例示化合物1の場合と同様の合成法で例示化合物84を合成した。
配位子(1)を、配位子(5-1)に置き換えて、例示化合物1の場合と同様の合成法で例示化合物69を合成した。
配位子(1)を、配位子(6-1)に置き換えて、例示化合物1の場合と同様の合成法で例示化合物64を合成した。
本発明の有機EL素子の構成層について説明する。
(i)陽極/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(ii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iv)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
(v)陽極/陽極バッファー層/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
(vi)陽極/正孔輸送層/電子阻止層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極
本発明の有機EL素子においては、青色発光層の発光極大波長は430~480nmにあるものが好ましく、緑色発光層は発光極大波長が510~550nm、赤色発光層は発光極大波長が600~640nmの範囲にある単色発光層であることが好ましく、これらを用いた表示装置であることが好ましい。また、これらの少なくとも3層の発光層を積層して白色発光層としたものであってもよく、これらを用いた照明装置であることがよい。更に、発光層間には非発光性の中間層を有していてもよい。
本発明に係る発光層は、注入されてくる電子及び正孔が再結合して発光する層であり、発光する部分は発光層の層内であっても発光層と隣接層との界面であってもよい。
本発明に用いられるホスト化合物について説明する。
発光ドーパントとしては、蛍光ドーパント(蛍光性化合物とも言う)、リン光ドーパントを用いることができるが、より発光効率の高い有機EL素子を得る観点からは、本発明の有機EL素子の発光層や発光ユニットに使用される発光ドーパント(単に、発光材料と言うこともある)としては、上記のホスト化合物を含有すると同時にリン光ドーパントを含有することが好ましい。
リン光ドーパントは、励起三重項からの発光が観測される化合物であり、具体的には室温(25℃)にてリン光発光する化合物であり、リン光量子収率が25℃において0.01以上の化合物であると定義されるが、好ましいリン光量子収率は0.1以上である。
蛍光ドーパントとしては、クマリン系色素、ピラン系色素、シアニン系色素、クロコニウム系色素、スクアリウム系色素、オキソベンツアントラセン系色素、フルオレセイン系色素、ローダミン系色素、ピリリウム系色素、ペリレン系色素、スチルベン系色素、ポリチオフェン系色素、又は希土類錯体系蛍光体等が挙げられる。
注入層は必要に応じて設け、電子注入層と正孔注入層があり、上記の如く陽極と発光層又は正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層又は電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。
阻止層は、上記の如く有機化合物薄膜の基本構成層の他に必要に応じて設けられるものである。例えば、特開平11-204258号公報、同11-204359号公報、及び「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の237頁等に記載されている正孔阻止(ホールブロック)層がある。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、広い意味で正孔注入層、電子阻止層も正孔輸送層の機能を有する。正孔輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、広い意味で電子注入層、正孔阻止層も電子輸送層に含まれる。電子輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
有機EL素子における陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、Au等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。
一方、陰極としては仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム-カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム、希土類金属等が挙げられる。
本発明の有機EL素子に用いることのできる支持基板(以下、基体、基板、基材、支持体等とも言う)としては、ガラス、プラスチック等の種類には特に限定はなく、また透明であっても不透明であってもよい。支持基板側から光を取り出す場合には、支持基板は透明であることが好ましい。好ましく用いられる透明な支持基板としては、ガラス、石英、透明樹脂フィルムを挙げることができる。特に好ましい支持基板は、有機EL素子にフレキシブル性を与えることが可能な樹脂フィルムである。
本発明の有機EL素子は、陽極、陰極、及び陰極と陽極との間にある層を外気から密閉するために封止部材で遮断して封止しておくことが好ましい。
有機層を挟み支持基板と対向する側の前記封止膜、あるいは前記封止用フィルムの外側に、素子の機械的強度を高めるために保護膜、あるいは保護板を設けてもよい。特に封止が前記封止膜により行われている場合には、その機械的強度は必ずしも高くないため、このような保護膜、保護板を設けることが好ましい。これに使用することができる材料としては、前記封止に用いたのと同様なガラス板、ポリマー板・フィルム、金属板・フィルム等を用いることができるが、軽量且つ薄膜化ということからポリマーフィルムを用いることが好ましい。
有機EL素子は空気よりも屈折率の高い(屈折率が1.7~2.1程度)層の内部で発光し、発光層で発生した光のうち15%から20%程度の光しか取り出せないことが一般的に言われている。これは、臨界角以上の角度θで界面(透明基板と空気との界面)に入射する光は、全反射を起こし素子外部に取り出すことができないことや、透明電極ないし発光層と透明基板との間で光が全反射を起こし、光が透明電極ないし発光層を導波し、結果として光が素子側面方向に逃げるためである。
本発明の有機EL素子は基板の光取り出し側に、例えば、マイクロレンズアレイ状の構造を設けるように加工したり、あるいは所謂集光シートと組み合わせることにより、特定方向、例えば、素子発光面に対し正面方向に集光することにより、特定方向上の輝度を高めることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子の作製方法の一例として、陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極からなる有機EL素子の作製法を説明する。
本発明の有機EL素子は、表示デバイス、ディスプレイ、各種発光光源として用いることができる。発光光源として、例えば、照明装置(家庭用照明、車内照明)、時計や液晶用バックライト、看板広告、信号機、光記憶媒体の光源、電子写真複写機の光源、光通信処理機の光源、光センサーの光源等が挙げられるがこれに限定するものではないが、特に液晶表示装置のバックライト、照明用光源としての用途に有効に用いることができる。
本発明の表示装置について説明する。本発明の表示装置は上記有機EL素子を有する。
また、本発明の有機EL素子は照明用や露光光源のような一種のランプとして使用してもよいし、画像を投影するタイプのプロジェクション装置や、静止画像や動画像を直接視認するタイプの表示装置(ディスプレイ)として使用してもよい。
《0-0遷移バンドの測定》
本発明の化合物の発光スペクトルの0-0遷移バンドを77Kと300Kで測定した。発光スペクトルの0-0遷移バンドは以下の測定方法により求めた。
測定する化合物を、よく脱酸素された2-メチルテトラヒドロフランに溶かし、測定用セルに入れた後液体窒素温度77Kで励起光を照射し、励起光照射後の発光スペクトルを測定する。
100mm×100mm×1.1mmの石英基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。この石英基板を市販の真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに固定し、一方、モリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにホスト化合物としてH-1を200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートに比較化合物1を100mg入れ、真空蒸着装置に取付けた。
有機EL素子1-1の作製において、発光ドーパントである比較化合物1を表1に記載の化合物に変更した以外は同様にして、有機EL素子1-2~1-11を各々作製した。
得られた有機EL素子1-1~1-11の各々について、励起光照射により発光ドーパントを励起し、得られた発光スペクトルのピーク面積値を求めた。この面積値は励起光による吸収は補正した値である。なお、測定は日立製作所分光光度計U-3300及び蛍光光度計F-4500にて行った。
《有機EL素子2-1の作製》
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm成膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
有機EL素子2-1の作製において、表2に記載のようにホスト化合物、発光ドーパントを変更した以外は同様にして、有機EL素子2-2~2-36を作製した。
以下のようにして作製した有機EL素子2-1~2-36に対応する照明装置2-1~2-36の評価を行い、その結果を表2に示す。
作製した有機EL素子について、23℃、乾燥窒素ガス雰囲気下で2.5mA/cm2定電流を印加した時の外部取り出し量子効率(%)を測定し、発光効率の指標とした。なお、測定には同様に分光放射輝度計CS-1000(コニカミノルタセンシング社製)を用いた。
下記に示す測定法に従って、耐久性(50℃駆動寿命)の評価を行った。
各照明装置を室温(約23℃~25℃)、2.5mA/cm2の定電流条件下により駆動した時の電圧を各々測定し、測定結果を下記に示した計算式により計算し、得られた結果を表2に示した。
なお、値が小さいほうが比較に対して駆動電圧が低いことを示す。
各照明装置を室温下、2.5mA/cm2の定電流条件下による連続点灯を行った際の発光面を目視で評価した。無作為に抽出した10人による目視評価により下記のランク評価を行い、ダークスポット(未発光部分)発生防止効果の指標とした。
△:ダークスポットを確認した人数が1~4人の場合
×:ダークスポットを確認した人数が5人以上の場合
《有機EL素子3-1の作製》
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm成膜した基板(AvanStrate株式会社製、NA-45)にパターニングを行った。その後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥して、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
有機EL素子3-1の作製において、発光層のホスト化合物H-1、発光ドーパントの比較化合物1を表3に示す化合物に置き換えた以外は同様にして、有機EL素子3-2~3-28を各々作製した。
得られた有機EL素子3-1~3-28を評価するに際しては、作製後の各有機EL素子の非発光面をガラスケースで覆い、厚み300μmのガラス基板を封止用基板として用いて、周囲にシール材としてエポキシ系光硬化型接着剤(東亞合成社製ラックストラックLC0629B)を適用し、これを上記陰極上に重ねて前記透明支持基板と密着させ、ガラス基板側からUV光を照射して、硬化させて、封止して、図5、図6に示すような有機EL素子3-1~3-28にそれぞれ対応する照明装置3-1~3-28を形成して評価した。
照明装置を室温(約23~25℃)、2.5mA/cm2の定電流条件下による点灯を行い、点灯開始直後の発光輝度(L)[cd/m2]を測定することにより、外部取り出し量子効率(η)を算出し、発光効率の指標とした。
下記に示す測定法に従って、初期劣化の評価を行い、耐久性の指標とした。前記半減寿命の測定時に、輝度が90%に到達する時間を測定し、これを初期劣化の尺度とした。なお、初期劣化は比較の照明装置3-1を100とした。初期劣化は以下の計算式を基に計算した。
即ち、初期劣化の値は、小さいほど初期の劣化が小さいことを示す。
有機EL素子3-1の作製において、発光層の形成に用いた塗布溶液(H-1(60mg)と比較化合物1(3.0mg)の混合物を酢酸ブチル12mlに溶解した溶液)を室温にて1時間放置した後、析出の有無を確認し、塗布溶液の停滞安定性を評価して、ダークスポット発生防止効果の指標とした。
《表示装置の作製》
(青色発光素子の作製)
実施例2の有機EL素子2-7を青色発光素子として用いた。
実施例2の有機EL素子2-1において、比較化合物1をIr-1に変更した以外は同様にして、緑色発光素子を作製し、これを緑色発光素子として用いた。
実施例2の有機EL素子2-1において、比較化合物1をIr-9に変更した以外は同様にして、赤色発光素子を作製し、これを赤色発光素子として用いた。
3 画素
5 走査線
6 データ線
A 表示部
B 制御部
10、101 有機EL素子
102 ガラスカバー
105 陰極
106 有機EL層
107 透明電極付きガラス基板
108 窒素ガス
109 捕水剤
Claims (15)
- 陽極、陰極及び発光層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であって、300Kで測定した場合の発光スペクトルの、最短波長側の発光極大波長と、77Kで測定した場合の発光スペクトルの、最短波長側の発光極大波長との差が、0nm以上5nm以下である化合物Aを含有する層を有することを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記化合物Aを含有する層が、前記発光層であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記化合物Aが、リン光発光性化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記化合物Aが、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
A0は、芳香族炭化水素環基、又は、芳香族複素環基を表す。kは0、又は、1の整数を表す。B1~B5は、各々炭素原子、CR0、窒素原子、酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表すが、少なくとも一つは窒素原子を表し、これら5つの原子により五員の芳香族含窒素複素環が形成される。R0は水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。X1-L1-X2は2座の配位子を表し、X1及びX2は各々独立に炭素原子、窒素原子又は酸素原子を表す。C11とP4、C11とP3、P4とP3、P3とP2、P2とP1及びP1とC10の間の結合は、単結合、又は、二重結合を表す。L1はX1及びX2と共に2座の配位子を形成する原子群を表す。nは1から3の整数を表す。mは、(3-n)の整数を表す。Mは元素周期表における8族~10族の遷移金属元素を表す。〕 - 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(2)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
Raは、水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。
D1、D2及びD3はCRb又は窒素原子を表す。
Rbは、水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。また、Rbは互いに結合して環を形成することはない。
A0は、芳香族炭化水素環基、又は、芳香族複素環基を表す。B1~B5は、各々炭素原子、CR0、窒素原子、酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表し、B1~B5の少なくとも一つは窒素原子である。R0は水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。
X1-L1-X2は2座の配位子を表し、X1及びX2は各々独立に炭素原子、窒素原子又は酸素原子を表す。L1はX1及びX2と共に2座の配位子を形成する原子群を表す。nは1から3の整数を表す。mは、(3-n)の整数を表す。Mは元素周期表における8族~10族の遷移金属元素を表す。〕 - 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(3)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
Raは水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。
R61、R62及びR63は水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。A0は、芳香族炭化水素環基、又は、芳香族複素環基を表す。R61、R62及びR63は互いに結合して環を形成することはない。
B1~B5は、各々炭素原子、CR0、窒素原子、酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表し、B1~B5の少なくとも一つは窒素原子である。R0は水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。
X1-L1-X2は2座の配位子を表し、X1及びX2は各々独立に炭素原子、窒素原子又は酸素原子を表す。L1はX1及びX2と共に2座の配位子を形成する原子群を表す。nは1から3の整数を表す。mは、(3-n)の整数を表す。Mは元素周期表における8族~10族の遷移金属元素を表す。〕 - 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(4)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
Raは、水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。
Z0は、酸素原子、又は、硫黄原子を表す。
Z1、Z2及びZ3は、各々C(RcRd)、NRe、Si(RfRg)、酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表す。
Rc、Rd、Re、Rf及びRgは水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。また、Rc、Rd、Reは互いに結合して環を形成することはない。
A0は、芳香族炭化水素環基、又は、芳香族複素環基を表す。
B1~B5は、各々炭素原子、CR0、窒素原子、酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表し、B1~B5の少なくとも一つは窒素原子である。R0は水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。
X1-L1-X2は2座の配位子を表し、X1及びX2は各々独立に炭素原子、窒素原子又は酸素原子を表す。
L1はX1及びX2と共に2座の配位子を形成する原子群を表す。nは1から3の整数を表す。mは、(3-n)の整数を表す。
Mは元素周期表における8族~10族の遷移金属元素を表す。〕 - 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(5)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
Y1は、酸素原子、硫黄原子、C(RcRd)、NRe、又は、Si(RfRg)を表す。
Rc、Rd、Re、Rf及びRgは、各々水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。
R71は水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。また、R71、Rc及びRdは互いに結合して環を形成することはない。
A0は、芳香族炭化水素環基、又は、芳香族複素環基を表す。
B1~B5は、各々炭素原子、CR0、窒素原子、酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表し、B1~B5の少なくとも一つは窒素原子である。R0は水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。
X1-L1-X2は2座の配位子を表し、X1及びX2は各々独立に炭素原子、窒素原子又は酸素原子を表す。
L1はX1及びX2と共に2座の配位子を形成する原子群を表す。nは1から3の整数を表す。mは、(3-n)の整数を表す。
Mは元素周期表における8族~10族の遷移金属元素を表す。〕 - 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(6)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
Raは、水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。
Y2は、窒素原子、又は、CRbを表す。
Rbは水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。
Y3は酸素原子、又は、硫黄原子を表す。
R81は水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。また、R81、Rbは互いに結合して環を形成することはない。
A0は、芳香族炭化水素環基、又は、芳香族複素環基を表す。
B1~B5は、各々炭素原子、CR0、窒素原子、酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表し、B1~B5の少なくとも一つは窒素原子である。R0は水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。
X1-L1-X2は2座の配位子を表し、X1及びX2は各々独立に炭素原子、窒素原子又は酸素原子を表す。
L1はX1及びX2と共に2座の配位子を形成する原子群を表す。nは1から3の整数を表す。mは、(3-n)の整数を表す。
Mは元素周期表における8族~10族の遷移金属元素を表す。〕 - 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(7)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
Raは水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。Y4は酸素原子、又は、硫黄原子を表す。
Y5及びY6はC(RcRd)、NRe、Si(RfRg)、酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表す。
Rc、Rd、Re、Rf及びRgは水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。また、Rc、Rd、Reは互いに結合して環を形成することはない。
A0は、芳香族炭化水素環基、又は、芳香族複素環基を表す。
B1~B5は、各々炭素原子、CR0、窒素原子、酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表し、B1~B5の少なくとも一つは窒素原子である。R0は水素原子、又は、置換基を表す。
X1-L1-X2は2座の配位子を表し、X1及びX2は各々独立に炭素原子、窒素原子又は酸素原子を表す。L1はX1及びX2と共に2座の配位子を形成する原子群を表す。nは1から3の整数を表す。mは、(3-n)の整数を表す。Mは元素周期表における8族~10族の遷移金属元素を表す。〕 - 前記B1~B5で構成される環が、イミダゾール環又はピラゾール環であることを特徴とする請求項4から10のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光層が、前記化合物Aを含有する塗布液を用いて形成された層であることを特徴とする請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光層が、白色に発光することを特徴とする請求項1から12のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1から13のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を備えたことを特徴とする照明装置。
- 請求項1から13のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を備えたことを特徴とする表示装置。
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Also Published As
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US20130328037A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
EP2677561A1 (en) | 2013-12-25 |
US9923154B2 (en) | 2018-03-20 |
EP2677561A4 (en) | 2016-06-29 |
JP5853964B2 (ja) | 2016-02-09 |
EP2677561B1 (en) | 2019-08-07 |
JPWO2012111548A1 (ja) | 2014-07-07 |
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