WO2012111046A1 - 燃料電池システムとこれを搭載した車両 - Google Patents
燃料電池システムとこれを搭載した車両 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012111046A1 WO2012111046A1 PCT/JP2011/003601 JP2011003601W WO2012111046A1 WO 2012111046 A1 WO2012111046 A1 WO 2012111046A1 JP 2011003601 W JP2011003601 W JP 2011003601W WO 2012111046 A1 WO2012111046 A1 WO 2012111046A1
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- fuel cell
- power generation
- power
- generated water
- control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04507—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04619—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04843—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell exhausts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system and a vehicle equipped with the same.
- a vehicle equipped with a fuel cell system supplies fuel gas to the anode of the fuel cell and supplies oxygen-containing gas to the cathode to generate power and use that power as the driving force.
- Such power generation of the fuel cell is accompanied by an electrochemical reaction between a fuel gas, for example, hydrogen of hydrogen gas, and oxygen in the air as an oxygen-containing gas, so that water is generated at the cathode.
- a fuel gas for example, hydrogen of hydrogen gas
- oxygen in the air oxygen-containing gas
- the generated water generation amount is increased during this period.
- a vehicle equipped with a fuel cell system often requires high-load operation over a long period of time, such as uphill traveling over a long distance. If it does so, since the driving
- the present invention has an object of suppressing a decrease in power generation capacity during high-load operation over a long period of time with high effectiveness.
- the present invention has been made to achieve at least a part of the above-described object, and can be configured as the following application examples.
- a fuel cell system A fuel cell that generates power by receiving supply of fuel gas and oxygen-containing gas to an anode and a cathode facing each other across an electrolyte membrane having proton conductivity;
- a power generation control unit that performs load-adaptive power generation control that controls power generation operation of the fuel cell based on power demand of an external load, The power generation control unit Generation that causes the generation operation status of the fuel cell to shift to a side where the generation amount of generated water at the cathode is increased compared to the load-adaptive power generation control when the power generation performance of the fuel cell may be reduced.
- the generated water non-increasing control is performed to shift the power generation operation status of the fuel cell to the side of suppressing the increase in the generated water generation amount compared to the generated water increase control,
- the gist is that the generated water increase control and the generated water non-increase control are alternately repeated under the condition of reduced capacity.
- the fuel cell system configured as described above performs load-adaptive power generation control corresponding to the required power by controlling the power generation operation of the fuel cell based on the required power of the external load.
- the fuel cell system configured as described above performs the load-adaptive power generation control, but when the power generation performance of the fuel cell is reduced, the power generation operation status of the fuel cell is changed to the generated water in the cathode.
- Generated water increase control is performed in which the generated amount is shifted to an increase side compared to the load-adaptive power generation control, and after performing the increase control, the power generation operation status of the fuel cell is compared with the generated water increase control.
- the generated water non-increasing control is executed to suppress the increase in the generated water generation amount, and the generated water increasing control and the generated water non-increasing control are alternately repeated under the condition of reduced capacity. That is, even when the high load operation of the fuel cell is performed for a long time, the operation state of the fuel cell in which the amount of generated water is increased does not continue in the meantime and appears only intermittently. For this reason, although it is intermittent, the increased amount of generated water can contribute to suppression of drying of the electrolyte membrane. Although the generated water non-increasing control following the generated water increasing control is executed and the increase is suppressed, the resulting generated water can also be used to suppress drying of the electrolyte membrane.
- the generated water increased (increased generated water) by the generated water increase control under the reduced capacity condition, and the generated water non-increasing control
- the generated water can be used to suppress the drying of the electrolyte membrane and to recover the power generation performance.
- the generated water at the time of the non-increasing control of the generated water is only generated during the intermittent control of the increasing amount of generated water, and is generated at the non-increasing control of the generated water following the non-increasing control of the generated water. Since the increase in the amount of water is suppressed by the non-increase control of the generated water, the blockage of the pores for the gas diffusion supply by the generated water can be suppressed to some extent. As a result, according to the fuel cell system having the above-described configuration, even if the fuel cell is operated at a high load for a long period of time, the power generation capacity is reduced through suppression of drying of the electrolyte membrane and suppression of pore clogging by generated water. It can be suppressed with high effectiveness.
- the generated water increase control for increasing the generated water is performed only intermittently as described above, so that the electrolyte membrane rises due to the reaction heat accompanying the increased generated water. Temperature can be suppressed.
- the increase in the generated amount of generated water is suppressed, so that the temperature rise of the electrolyte membrane can be suppressed. Therefore, according to the fuel cell system having the above-described configuration, it is possible to contribute to the suppression of the decrease in power generation capacity from the viewpoint of suppressing the temperature rise of the electrolyte membrane.
- a decrease in the power generation performance of the fuel cell can occur due to drying of the electrolyte membrane, and the state of drying of the electrolyte membrane depends on the temperature of the fuel cell. For this reason, when the temperature of the fuel cell is detected and the detected fuel cell temperature reaches a predetermined temperature (first temperature), it can be estimated or determined that the power generation performance of the fuel cell can be reduced by drying of the electrolyte membrane. In this way, with a simple method of temperature detection and comparison thereof, it is possible to achieve the repeated repetition of the generated water increase control and the generated water non-increase control, thereby suppressing the reduction in power generation capacity described above, is there.
- the estimation and determination of the power generation performance decrease transition due to drying of the electrolyte membrane is not limited to the fuel cell temperature, but the fuel cell characteristics reflected by the drying state of the electrolyte membrane, for example, the transition of internal resistance and the gas supply at the electrode It is also possible to lower it by changing the pressure loss at the time.
- a decrease in the power generation performance of the fuel cell can be observed not only as a state of drying of the electrolyte membrane, but also as a change in battery resistance value, output change, or change in current-voltage characteristics of the fuel cell. Therefore, it is possible to measure or estimate the battery resistance value, the battery output, or the current-voltage characteristics so as to capture the transition to the capacity reduction state where the power generation performance of the fuel cell can be reduced.
- the fuel cell system described above can be configured as follows.
- the load corresponding power generation control can be executed as the generated water non-increasing control.
- power generation control load-compatible power generation control
- the generated water increase control and the generated water non-increase control can be alternately repeated at a period T of a predetermined period, which is convenient.
- the power generation control unit shifts the power generation operation state of the fuel cell to a side that causes an increase in current and a decrease in voltage to increase the generation amount of generated water in the cathode.
- the power generation operation state of the fuel cell is shifted to the low current region and the high voltage region with respect to the generated water increasing control, compared with the generated water increasing control.
- an increase in the amount of generated water can be suppressed.
- the electrochemical reaction is activated by increasing the current and lowering the voltage, and the amount of generated water can be increased more reliably, which is convenient.
- the control that causes such a current-voltage transition can be as follows. For example, in storing the equivalent power characteristic line specific to the fuel cell in which the current and voltage are associated with each other to indicate the power generation operation state of the fuel cell for each generated power, the load corresponding power generation control is performed. The equivalent power characteristic line of the generated power that matches the required power is read, and the power generation operation of the fuel cell is controlled so as to obtain a current voltage on the read equivalent power characteristic line. Further, the power generation operation of the fuel cell can be controlled so that the current voltage on the equivalent power characteristic line also becomes the transition to the side where the current increase and the voltage decrease occur.
- the transition to the side that causes the current increase and the voltage reduction as the generated water increase control is read, the equivalent power characteristic line on the side of the generated power that is lower than the generated power that matches the required power, It is possible to control the power generation operation of the fuel cell so as to obtain a current voltage on the read equivalent power characteristic line. In this way, even if the power generation operation of the fuel cell changes on the equivalent power characteristic line in load-adaptive power generation control and the equivalent power characteristic line of lower power generation than this, Since the fuel cell performs power generation operation with the current voltage, the output can be stabilized.
- the control by the fuel cell itself is sufficient, and power supply from another power source, for example, a secondary battery capable of charging and discharging power is considered in the control. Moreover, there is no need for power generation operation control after that, and it becomes simple.
- a secondary battery capable of charging and discharging electric power is provided so that it can be used in combination with the fuel cell as a power source to be supplied to the load, and the current increase and the voltage reduction associated with the generated water increase control are provided.
- the difference between the load demand output of the fuel cell due to the transition to the side where the fuel cell occurs and the transition of the fuel cell due to the transition to the low current region and the high voltage region associated with the generated water non-increasing control The generated water increase control and the generated water non-increase control can be alternately repeated so that the difference from the load request output becomes equal. In this way, even if the secondary battery is replenished with the power shortage, the power supply from the secondary battery for replenishing the shortage can be prevented from changing. Consumption can be suppressed.
- a secondary battery capable of charging and discharging electric power is provided so as to be usable together with the fuel cell as a power source to be supplied to the load, and whether or not the generated water increase control can be executed is determined as follows. The determination can be made based on the storage state of the battery. In this way, the number of executions of the generated water increase control can be adjusted based on the storage state of the secondary battery, and deficiency in required power can be suppressed by using the secondary battery in combination. And, when the storage capacity of the secondary battery exceeds a predetermined capacity, if it is determined that the generated water increase control can be executed, the power shortage with respect to the required power due to the combined use of the secondary battery is more reliably suppressed. it can.
- the generated water increase control can be executed in the determined transition state.
- the generated water increase control for increasing the generated water can be finely executed on the basis of the storage state of the secondary battery. Performance recovery is possible.
- the generated water increase control is stopped, and the load until the required power of the load is newly present after the disappearance of the required power.
- the generated water increase control can be intermittently repeated over a predetermined period. This has the following advantages.
- the generated water increase control is intermittently repeated over a predetermined period in the load disappearance period until the required power of the load is newly present after the disappearance of the required power. Drying of the film can be suppressed.
- the power generation performance is recovered by the amount that the drying of the electrolyte membrane is suppressed.
- the power generation of the fuel cell can be controlled without any particular trouble. Therefore, if the fuel cell system of the said aspect is mounted in the vehicle, the operator of the said vehicle will not feel uncomfortable with the response to the accelerator operation, and drivability can be improved.
- the generated water increase control during the load disappearance period can be executed under a condition in which the power generation performance of the fuel cell is assumed to decrease due to drying of the electrolyte membrane. For example, it can be executed when the temperature of the fuel cell detected for the fuel cell decreases from a temperature at the time of disappearance of the required power to a predetermined temperature.
- the power generation control unit can intermittently reduce the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas.
- the amount of generated water is reduced by reducing the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas, the amount of generated water taken away by the gas is reduced, so that the generated water can remain.
- the amount of generated water per gas supply amount can be increased, it is possible to suppress drying of the electrolyte membrane.
- the effect of inhibiting drying can be obtained even if the absolute value of the amount of produced water does not increase.
- the consumption amount of the fuel gas is reduced by reducing the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas, the fuel consumption can be improved while suppressing the drying of the electrolyte membrane.
- Example 2 Vehicle with fuel cell system It is a vehicle equipped with any of the fuel cell systems described above, and the gist is that the generated power of the fuel cell of the fuel cell system is used as the driving force.
- the present invention can be applied to a fuel cell operation method and a stationary power generation system in which a fuel cell system is installed and the fuel cell is used as a power generation source.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing an equivalent power characteristic line (IV characteristic line) unique to a fuel cell in which a current and a voltage are associated with each other so as to indicate a power generation operation state of the fuel cell 100.
- FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows separately the transition of the current voltage in temporary electric current increase control according to the presence or absence of the transition between equivalent power characteristic lines.
- 3 is a flowchart showing processing in FIG. 2 in association with reading of an equivalent power characteristic line. It is explanatory drawing explaining the mode of the output countermeasure which can be employ
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing a fuel cell vehicle 20 as an embodiment of the present invention in plan view.
- this fuel cell-equipped vehicle 20 has a fuel cell system 30 mounted on a vehicle body 22.
- the fuel cell system 30 includes a fuel cell 100, a hydrogen gas supply system 120 including a hydrogen gas tank 110, an air supply system 140 including a motor-driven compressor 130, a cooling system 160 including a radiator 150 and a fan 152, and 2
- a secondary battery 172 and a DC-DC converter 174 are provided.
- the fuel cell system 30 supplies the generated power of the fuel cell 100 or the charging power of the secondary battery 172 to a load including the front-wheel drive motor 170.
- the fuel cell 100 is as shown in the enlarged schematic diagram of FIG.
- a battery cell including a membrane electrode assembly (Membrane Electrode Assembly / MEA) in which both electrodes of the anode 102 and the cathode 103 are joined to both sides of the electrolyte membrane 101 is laminated, and the vehicle is disposed between the front wheel FW and the rear wheel RW.
- the battery cell includes an anode-side gas diffusion layer 104 and a cathode-side gas diffusion layer 105 that sandwich an electrode-formed electrolyte membrane 101 from both sides, and both gas diffusion layers are joined to corresponding electrodes.
- a gas separator is located outside each of the gas diffusion layers, and the gas separator has a hydrogen-containing fuel gas and an oxygen-containing oxidizing gas (in this embodiment, air). ) And the function of collecting current from the battery cell.
- the electrolyte membrane 101 is a proton conductive ion exchange membrane formed of a solid polymer material such as a fluorine resin, and exhibits good electrical conductivity in a wet state.
- the anode 102 and the cathode 103 include a catalyst (for example, platinum or a platinum alloy), and are formed by supporting these catalysts on a conductive carrier (for example, carbon particles).
- the anode-side gas diffusion layer 104 and the cathode-side gas diffusion layer 105 are formed using a conductive porous member having gas permeability, for example, carbon paper or carbon cloth as a porous substrate.
- the fuel cell 100 generates electricity by causing an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen in hydrogen gas supplied from a hydrogen gas supply system 120 and an air supply system 140, which will be described later, and oxygen in the air, in each of the battery cells described above.
- a load such as the motor 170 is driven by the generated power.
- the power generation state of the fuel cell 100 is measured by the current sensor 106, and the measurement result is output from the current sensor 106 to the control device 200 described later.
- the hydrogen gas supply system 120 includes a hydrogen supply path 121 extending from the hydrogen gas tank 110 to the fuel cell 100, a circulation path 122 for circulating unconsumed hydrogen gas (anode offgas) to the hydrogen supply path 121, and an anode offgas being released into the atmosphere.
- the discharge path 123 is provided.
- the hydrogen gas supply system 120 passes through the opening / closing of the opening / closing valve 124 of the hydrogen supply path 121 and the pressure reducing operation of the pressure reducing valve 125 to supply the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen gas tank 110 to the fuel cell 100 (specifically, each battery cell). To the anode 102).
- the hydrogen gas supply system 120 supplies a hydrogen gas having a flow rate that is the sum of the flow rate adjusted by the hydrogen supply device 126 downstream of the pressure reducing valve 125 and the circulation flow rate adjusted by the circulation pump 127 of the circulation path 122. This is supplied to the anode of the fuel cell 100.
- the hydrogen gas supply amount is determined by the control device 200 described later based on the operation of the accelerator 180, and is a supply amount corresponding to the load required for the fuel cell 100. Note that the hydrogen gas supply system 120 appropriately releases the anode off-gas to the atmosphere through opening / closing adjustment of the opening / closing valve 129 of the discharge path 123 branched from the circulation path 122.
- the air supply system 140 includes an oxygen supply path 141 that reaches the fuel cell 100 via the compressor 130 and a discharge path 142 that discharges unconsumed air (cathode offgas) to the atmosphere.
- the air supply system 140 adjusts the flow rate of the air taken from the open end of the oxygen supply path 141 to the fuel cell 100 (specifically, the cathode 103 of each battery) while adjusting the flow rate by the compressor 130.
- the cathode off gas is discharged to the atmosphere through the discharge path 142 at a flow rate adjusted by the discharge flow rate adjustment valve 143 of the discharge path 142.
- the air supply system 140 sets the discharge flow rate adjustment valve 143 of the oxygen supply path 141 to a predetermined opening, and then the air by the compressor 130. Supply. Even in the air supply amount at this time, similarly to the hydrogen gas, the supply amount is determined by the control device 200 based on the operation of the accelerator 180 and corresponds to the load required for the fuel cell 100.
- the discharge flow rate adjustment valve 143 adjusts the back pressure on the cathode side through flow rate adjustment.
- the air supply system 140 includes an oxygen supply path 141 and a discharge path 142 so as to pass through the humidifier 145.
- the humidifier 145 is configured as a gas-liquid separator, separates water from the cathode offgas, and mixes the separated water as water vapor into the air passing through the discharge flow rate adjustment valve 143.
- the cooling system 160 includes a circulation path 161 that circulates the cooling medium from the radiator 150 to the fuel cell 100, a bypass path 162, a three-way flow rate adjustment valve 163 at the path junction, a circulation pump 164, and a temperature sensor 166. .
- the cooling system 160 guides the cooling medium heat-exchanged by the radiator 150 to an in-cell circulation path (not shown) of the fuel cell 100 through the circulation path 161, and cools the fuel cell 100 to a predetermined temperature.
- the driving amount of the circulation pump 164 that is, the circulation supply amount of the cooling medium and the adjustment flow rate by the three-way flow rate adjustment valve 163 are detected by the fuel cell temperature (cell temperature) as the detection temperature of the temperature sensor 166 and the current sensor 106. It is determined by the control device 200 based on the power generation state.
- the secondary battery 172 is connected to the fuel cell 100 via a DC-DC converter 174, functions as a power source different from the fuel cell 100, and is used together with the fuel cell 100 as a power source to be supplied to the motor 170 and the like. Is done. In the present embodiment, since it is assumed that the fuel cell 100 is operated and controlled (normal control) in a power generation state corresponding to the depression of the accelerator 180 as will be described later, the secondary battery is in the operation stop state of the fuel cell 100. 172 supplies the charging power to the motor 170. As the secondary battery 172, for example, a lead-charged battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a lithium ion battery, or the like can be employed. A capacity detection sensor 176 is connected to the secondary battery 172, and the sensor detects a charging state of the secondary battery 172 and outputs the detected charge amount (battery capacity) to the control device 200.
- a capacity detection sensor 176 is connected to the secondary battery 172, and the sensor detects a charging state of
- the DC-DC converter 174 has a charge / discharge control function for controlling charge / discharge of the secondary battery 172, and controls charge / discharge of the secondary battery 172 in response to a control signal from the control device 200. In addition, the DC-DC converter 174 performs the extraction of the generated power of the fuel cell 100 and the stored power of the secondary battery 172 and the application of the voltage to the motor 170 under the control of the control device 200. The voltage level applied to 170 is variably adjusted.
- the control device 200 is constituted by a so-called microcomputer having a CPU, a ROM, a RAM and the like for executing logical operations, and receives various sensor inputs from the accelerator 180 and controls various controls of the fuel cell vehicle 20. For example, the control device 200 obtains the required power for the motor 170 according to the operating state of the accelerator 180, so that the required power can be obtained by the power generation of the fuel cell 100, or the charging power of the secondary battery 172, or this Electric power is supplied to the motor 170 while controlling the power generation of the fuel cell 100 so as to cover both.
- the control device 200 controls the DC-DC converter 174 in accordance with the required power for the motor 170.
- the control device 200 includes a vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 182, an outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 184, a hydrogen gas flow rate detected by the flow sensor 128 in the hydrogen gas supply system 120, and a flow rate sensor in the air supply system 140.
- the control device 200 is responsible for power generation operation control (load-adaptive power generation control) based on the required power of an external load in the fuel cell system of Application Example 1 or the vehicle of Application Example 2 described above, generated water increase control, and the like.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing how the current increase control is executed
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the contents of the current increase control
- FIG. 4 is a transition of the internal resistance value, anode pressure loss, and generated voltage of the fuel cell 100 with respect to the cell temperature. It is a graph which shows transition for every presence or absence of electric current increase control.
- the control device 200 first scans the temperature sensor 166 located downstream of the fuel cell 100 to read the cell temperature of the fuel cell 100 (step S100). Since the cell temperature reflects the temperature of the electrolyte membrane 101 of the fuel cell 100, the progress of the drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 can be estimated from the read cell temperature. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether or not the power generation performance of the fuel cell 100 is in a state where it can be reduced by drying the electrolyte membrane 101. Next, it is determined whether or not the read cell temperature exceeds a predetermined first temperature ⁇ (step S110).
- This first temperature ⁇ indicates that since the drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 has progressed to some extent, the membrane drying should be suppressed, and further the reduction in the power generation performance of the fuel cell 100 due to the membrane drying should be suppressed.
- the predetermined temperature is determined in advance in consideration of the temperature dependency of the power generation characteristics of the fuel cell 100, the specifications of the battery cell, and the like. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, when the anode pressure loss of the fuel cell 100 is left without performing a later-described temporary current increase control, as shown by a white square in the figure, a certain temperature is exceeded. To drop. This is because drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 proceeds, moisture in the anode gas decreases, and pressure loss decreases.
- the temperature at which the anode pressure loss decreases can be set to the first temperature ⁇ , and in this embodiment, the first temperature ⁇ is set as such.
- the temperature at which the inflection occurs can be set to the first temperature ⁇ .
- step S110 If a negative determination is made in step S110, since the cell temperature is equal to or lower than the first temperature ⁇ , it is not necessary to consider drying suppression of the electrolyte membrane 101, and the control device 200 executes normal control of the fuel cell 100 (step S120). ).
- the control device 200 obtains the required power to the motor 170 according to the operation state of the accelerator 180, and uses the hydrogen gas supply system 120 and the air supply system with the gas amount corresponding to the required power.
- the fuel cell 100 is controlled to generate power while performing gas supply control at 140, and the generated power is supplied to the motor 170.
- the control device 200 can supply the charging power of the secondary battery 172 to the motor 170 instead of the fuel cell 100.
- the required power of the motor 170 is large, it is possible to supply power to the motor 170 while controlling the power generation of the fuel cell 100 so that both the fuel cell 100 and the secondary battery 172 can cover the required power.
- FIG. 3 while the cell temperature reaches the first temperature ⁇ , it is shown that the operation state of the accelerator 180 is constant, and the fuel cell 100 is subjected to normal control with a constant voltage and a constant amount of electricity. If the operating state of the accelerator 180 is changed at, the voltage / current during normal control is adjusted according to the change.
- step S130 if an affirmative determination is made in step S110, since the cell temperature exceeds the first temperature ⁇ , it is determined that the drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 has progressed and drying suppression is required, and the control device 200 causes the fuel cell 100 to The increase control is performed (step S130). As shown in FIG. 3, this current increase control is repeatedly executed at a period T of a predetermined time from the time when the control is shifted, that is, when the cell temperature reaches the first temperature ⁇ . Control in which the operation state of the battery 100 is shifted in the period t to the side causing the current increase and the voltage reduction (hereinafter referred to as temporary current increase control) and the normal control described above after the period t is repeated. It becomes.
- the control device 200 covers the required power by using the secondary battery 172 as described above.
- the temporary current increase control described above ends after an affirmative determination in step S110 when the cell temperature rises to a temperature exceeding the first temperature ⁇ and then falls to the first temperature ⁇ .
- the drying of the membrane 101 proceeds, and in a situation where the power generation capacity of the fuel cell 100 can be reduced by this membrane drying, the membrane 101 is alternately repeated.
- the fuel cell vehicle 20 of this embodiment associates the cell temperature with the dry state of the electrolyte membrane 101 while normally controlling the fuel cell 100 based on the required power of the secondary battery 172, If the cell temperature exceeds the first temperature ⁇ (affirmative determination in step S110), since the drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 has progressed, the drying of the fuel cell 100 is suppressed due to the suppression of the drying of the membrane. Assuming that it is necessary to suppress the decrease, the current increase control is repeatedly executed in the period T, and the temporary current increase control for changing the operation state of the fuel cell 100 in the period t to the side where the current increase and the voltage decrease are caused, Repeat intermittently.
- the temporary current increase control that causes the current increase and the voltage decrease increases the consumption of hydrogen gas per unit time by the current increase and the voltage decrease, thereby activating the electrochemical reaction.
- Increase the amount of water produced That is, the fuel cell-equipped vehicle 20 according to the present embodiment intermittently performs a temporary current increase control for increasing the amount of generated water during a high load operation in which the cell temperature exceeds the first temperature ⁇ and the drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 proceeds.
- the generation amount of generated water is intermittently brought about by this intermittent temporary current increase control.
- the operation state of the fuel cell 100 in which the amount of generated water increases does not continue in the meantime, Appears only intermittently. For this reason, although it is intermittent, the increased amount of generated water can contribute to suppression of drying of the electrolyte membrane 101.
- the operating state of the fuel cell 100 is set to a lower current region than in the case of the temporary current increase control as shown in FIG. Since it is shifted to the high voltage range, the generated water increase at that time is suppressed as compared with the temporary current increase control.
- the generated water obtained by the normal control subsequent to the temporary current increase control can contribute to the suppression of the drying of the electrolyte membrane 101. Further, the amount of generated water at the cathode 103 is only increased by the temporary current increase control that is intermittently performed during the period t, and the amount of generated water accompanying the normal control following the temporary current increase control is increased. Since it is suppressed by the temporary current increase control, the clogging of the pores of the anode-side gas diffusion layer 104 and the cathode-side gas diffusion layer 105 for supplying the gas diffusion can be suppressed to some extent.
- the temporary current increase control in the period t and the normal control based on the required power to the motor 170 are alternately repeated at the period T, power shortage with respect to the required power of the motor 170 can be suppressed.
- the required power of the motor 170 is a high load, even if the electrolyte membrane 101 is dried during the normal control based on the required power (step S120) and the power generation capability of the fuel cell 100 is reduced, Drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 is suppressed by the generated water increased by the temporary current increase control (see FIG. 3) following the normal control and the generated water accompanying the normal control subsequent to the temporary current increase control, and the fuel cell 100 The power generation performance can be recovered.
- the power generation capacity at that time is maintained with high effectiveness even if the fuel cell 100 is operated at a high load for a long period of time. Or while being able to suppress the fall, this can also be aimed at recovery of power generation capacity.
- the cell temperature and the dry state of the electrolyte membrane 101 are associated with each other, and if the cell temperature exceeds the first temperature ⁇ (affirmative determination in step S110), the electrolyte membrane 101. Therefore, it can be estimated that the power generation capability of the fuel cell 100 is reduced due to the drying of the electrolyte membrane 101. Therefore, when the cell temperature exceeds the first temperature ⁇ , the temporary current increase described above is performed from the viewpoint of suppressing the drying of the electrolyte membrane 101, and further suppressing the decrease in the power generation performance of the fuel cell 100 due to the membrane drying.
- the control was executed on the assumption that the control (step S130) is necessary. For this reason, it is possible to suppress the drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 and suppress the decrease in power generation performance by a simple method of detecting the cell temperature of the fuel cell 100 and comparing it, which is simple.
- the temporary current increase control and the subsequent normal control as shown in FIG. It is sufficient to make a transition between high and low. Therefore, it is not necessary to control the system auxiliary devices involved in the fuel cell operation, for example, the charge / discharge control of the secondary battery 172, the humidification control of the humidifier 145, etc. in association with the suppression of the membrane drying. Become.
- the anode 102 and the cathode 103 of the fuel cell 100 are formed by supporting a catalyst of platinum or an alloy thereof on a carrier such as carbon particles.
- the catalyst of platinum and its alloy is likely to deteriorate in a high temperature environment
- the fuel cell-equipped vehicle 20 of the present embodiment increases the amount of water produced when the cell temperature exceeds the first temperature ⁇ as described above.
- the produced water can cool the catalyst.
- the impurities adsorbed on the catalyst by the produced water can be washed away. Therefore, by suppressing the deterioration of the catalyst, it is possible to contribute to the maintenance of the power generation capacity of the fuel cell 100, the suppression of the decrease thereof, and the recovery of the capacity.
- step S130 If the temporary current increase control in step S130 is not performed, the anode pressure loss decreases as the cell temperature rises from the first temperature ⁇ , as plotted with a white square in FIG. On the other hand, if the current increase control in step S130 is performed, the anode pressure loss is maintained to some extent even if the cell temperature rises from the first temperature ⁇ , as plotted with a white circle in FIG. The This is because, in the white square plot, the drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 proceeds and the moisture in the anode gas decreases and the pressure loss is reduced, whereas in the white circle plot, the temporary current in step S130 is reduced.
- the amount of generated water is increased by the increase control, so that the amount of water in the anode gas does not decrease and the start of drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 is delayed. That is, according to the fuel cell vehicle 20 of the present embodiment, the drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 can be delayed.
- the resistance value increases even if the cell temperature rises from the first temperature ⁇ , as plotted by a white circle in FIG. Can be suppressed. Since the increase in internal resistance causes a decrease in power generation capacity, according to the fuel cell-equipped vehicle 20 of this embodiment, the capacity decrease of the fuel cell 100 can be suppressed, which also reduces the degree of voltage decrease. It means that it can also contribute to performance recovery.
- the electrochemical reaction (exothermic reaction) between hydrogen and oxygen proceeds actively, and the electrolyte membrane 101 is controlled by the temporary current increase control.
- the temporary current increase control for increasing the amount of generated water is performed only intermittently every period T as described above.
- the temperature rise of the electrolyte membrane 101 due to heat can be suppressed.
- the increase in the amount of generated water is suppressed, so that the reaction heat can be suppressed and the temperature rise of the electrolyte membrane 101 can be suppressed. Therefore, according to the fuel cell system 30 of the present embodiment, it is possible to contribute to the suppression of the decrease in the power generation capability of the fuel cell 100 from the viewpoint of suppressing the temperature rise of the electrolyte membrane 101 by the reaction heat.
- the period T that determines the repetition of the temporary current increase control for increasing the amount of generated water and the subsequent normal control can be determined experimentally or according to thermal specifications such as the heat capacity of the fuel cell 100. For example, the cell temperature transition of the fuel cell 100 is measured while variously changing the period T and the period t between them, and the capacity recovery when the power generation capacity of the fuel cell 100 is reduced due to the drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 can be achieved. The period T and the period t are determined. And the period T and the period t should just be employ
- the cycle T can be determined according to the environment in which the fuel cell system 30 is placed. For example, if the environmental humidity is high, drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 can be suppressed by the humidity component (water vapor), so that the period T can be lengthened and the frequency of execution of temporary current increase control can be reduced. In addition, if the environmental temperature is low, the degree of voltage reduction during temporary current increase control may be increased. In this case, although the temperature of the electrolyte membrane 101 is increased by the reaction heat accompanying the temporary current increase control, the fuel cell 100 and the electrolyte membrane 101 are further cooled by the low environmental temperature, so that there is no particular problem.
- the environmental humidity component water vapor
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the state of execution of current increase control in the second embodiment
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the maximum output of the secondary battery 172 and the battery temperature for each battery capacity (SOC)
- FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the mode of the map referred when making the possibility of temporary electric current increase control possible.
- This second embodiment is characterized in that the SOC of the secondary battery 172 is taken into consideration when executing the temporary current increase control.
- the control device 200 first scans the outside air temperature sensor 184 and the capacity detection sensor 176 to read the battery temperature and SOC of the secondary battery 172 (step S200).
- a temperature sensor can be attached to the secondary battery 172, and the battery temperature can be directly read from the sensor.
- the secondary battery 172 can take various SOCs as shown in FIG. 6 as a result of discharge and power storage, it has a characteristic that the maximum output decreases for each SOC at a low temperature or high temperature battery temperature.
- the required power of the motor 170 varies depending on the operation state of the accelerator 180
- this required power may not be covered by the SOC of the secondary battery 172.
- the lowermost stage and the upper stage SOC in FIG. 6 cannot provide the required output of FIG. 6 in the entire range of battery temperature, whereas the uppermost stage and the lower stage SOC limit the required output of FIG.
- the battery temperature range can be covered.
- the electric power that cannot be covered by the SOC of the secondary battery 172 can be applied by the electric power generated by the fuel cell 100, but the electric power generation of the fuel cell 100 is performed until the fuel cell 100 is brought into an operation state that causes the electrolyte membrane 101 to dry.
- step S210 it is determined whether or not the temporary current increase control can be performed based on the battery temperature and the SOC read in step S200 while referring to the map of FIG.
- step S210 If a negative determination is made in step S210 that the temporary current increase control described above cannot be executed, the process proceeds to execution of normal control described later. If an affirmative determination is made that the temporary current increase control can be executed, the following step S220 is executed. Cell temperature reading and subsequent temperature comparison (step S230) are performed. Then, similarly to step S110 of the embodiment described above, the control device 200 performs the normal control (step S240) already described of the fuel cell 100 according to the comparison between the cell temperature and the first temperature ⁇ (step S240). Temporary current increase control (step S250) is executed. Even in the normal control and the temporary current increase control at this time, the secondary battery 172 can be used in combination according to the required power of the motor 170. FIG.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing how the transition state of current increase and voltage reduction in the temporary current increase control is determined according to the SOC
- FIG. 9 determines the cycle T and the minimum voltage in the temporary current increase control according to the SOC. It is explanatory drawing which shows a mode.
- the control state is determined by the SOC of the secondary battery 172 as follows.
- the temporary current increasing control and the normal control are alternately and repeatedly executed as a result of intermittently repeating the temporary current increasing control.
- the temporary current increase control period t1 and the normal control period t2 and the minimum voltage Vmin during the transition to a lower voltage are defined by the SOC of the secondary battery 172, as shown in FIG. .
- the temporary current increase control period t1 increases in steps as the SOC of the secondary battery 172 increases, and the normal control period t2 and the minimum voltage Vmin during the low voltage transition are opposite to this. Reduce step by step.
- the fuel cell 100 has a large degree of voltage decrease that contributes to suppression of drying of the electrolyte membrane 101.
- the period t1 of the temporary current increase control is lengthened to increase the amount of generated water to increase the effectiveness of suppressing the drying of the electrolyte membrane 101. Therefore, in the fuel cell-equipped vehicle 20 of this embodiment, the temporary current increase control similar to that of the previous embodiment is performed, so that the power generation capacity can be maintained and reduced when the high load operation of the fuel cell 100 is performed over a long period of time. The effectiveness of can be further increased.
- the temporary increase in the amount of generated water is caused. Since the amount of increase can be varied by finely executing the current increase control, it can greatly contribute to the suppression of drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 and the recovery of the power generation performance associated therewith.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory view schematically showing the state of execution of current increase control in the third embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the output transition of the fuel cell 100 and the anode pressure loss transition with respect to the cell temperature for each presence / absence of current increase control. is there.
- the third embodiment is characterized in that current increase control is executed when a load request disappears.
- the fuel cell 100 continues to operate at a high load, and the cell temperature gradually increases.
- the temporary current increase control described in the first or second embodiment is not performed, as shown in FIG. 11, when the cell temperature becomes the first temperature ⁇ , the anode pressure loss is reduced as described above. descend.
- the battery output at this time as shown by the white squares plotted in FIG. 11, the cell temperature does not decrease so much until the second temperature ⁇ is higher than the first temperature ⁇ , but the cell temperature is this. When the temperature exceeds the second temperature ⁇ , the temperature rapidly decreases.
- the fuel cell 100 normally stops the power generation operation when the accelerator operation is turned off, for example.
- the cell temperature decreases due to this stoppage of operation, the battery output expected when the accelerator is on remains at a low output as shown by the white squares plotted in FIG. This is because the cell temperature increased by the high load operation during the uphill traveling remains high for a certain period even after the uphill traveling, and the drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 proceeds even after the uphill traveling, and the power generation This is thought to be due to a decline in ability.
- the operation of the fuel cell 100 is controlled as follows. First, in the climbing process, temporary current increase control similar to that of the first and second embodiments described above is performed. For this reason, even when the cell temperature exceeds the second temperature ⁇ due to suppression of drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 during the climbing process, the temporary current increase control is not performed as shown by a white circle in FIG. High battery output can be maintained. Then, in the downhill running after the uphill running, as described above, the power generation operation of the fuel cell 100 is stopped when the accelerator operation is turned off, but when the cell temperature decreases to the second temperature ⁇ , the first described above The temporary current increase control (steps S130 and S250) similar to the second embodiment is executed over a predetermined period.
- the second temperature ⁇ at which the temporary current increase control is started corresponds to the inflection point of the anode pressure loss transition and causes a rapid decrease in the battery output as shown in FIG. Therefore, when the cell temperature exceeds the second temperature ⁇ , it is assumed that the electrolyte membrane 101 is excessively dried. Therefore, if the temporary current increase control is performed at a temperature exceeding the second temperature ⁇ , the continuation of the temporary current increase control becomes longer in order to suppress drying of the excessively dried electrolyte membrane 101. Therefore, in the third embodiment, when the cell temperature is lowered to the second temperature ⁇ , the temporary current increase control for suppressing drying is performed.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing a state of execution of the generated water increase control in the fourth embodiment.
- the fourth embodiment is characterized in that the amount of generated water is increased through reduction of the air supply amount.
- the air supply amount reduction in the period t is intermittently repeated every period T.
- the reduction of the air flow rate reduces the amount of produced water at the cathode 103, the amount of produced water taken away by excess air can be reduced, and the produced water can remain.
- the consumption of hydrogen gas is also reduced by reducing the air supply amount, so that it is possible to improve the fuel efficiency while suppressing the drying of the electrolyte membrane 101.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing an equivalent power characteristic line (IV characteristic line) unique to a fuel cell in which a current and a voltage are associated with each other to indicate the power generation operation state of the fuel cell 100
- FIG. 14 is a temporary current increase control.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the process in FIG. 2 in association with reading of the equivalent power characteristic line.
- the fuel cell-equipped vehicle 20 includes a map corresponding to each equivalent power characteristic line in FIG. 13 stored in a ROM or a memory device of the control device 200 when the fuel cell 100 is controlled for power generation operation.
- an equivalent power characteristic line matching the required power requested from the motor 170 or the like is read (step S120).
- step S120 following the negative determination in step S110, by operating the fuel cell 100 with the current voltage on the read equivalent power characteristic line (for example, the equivalent power characteristic line PTb in FIG. 13), Based on the load request, the fuel cell 100 performs a power generation operation.
- the temporary current increase control during the period t in the current increase control in step S130 is performed as follows.
- the white circles in FIGS. 13 to 14 show a state of control that causes a current-voltage transition suitable for the temporary current increase control in the period t on the equivalent power characteristic line PTb that matches the required power.
- the current voltage at the operation point Pn in the normal control performed in step S120 is changed to the operation point Pn1 on the side where current increase and voltage decrease occur, and fuel is generated at this operation point Pn1 during the period t.
- the battery 100 is operated. Thereafter, the current voltage is shifted to the operation point Pn before the current increase and the voltage decrease are caused. Since this control is a current-voltage transition on the equivalent power characteristic line that matches the required power, it is always equivalent power control.
- the filled circle is a current suitable for temporary current increase control in consideration of the current-voltage transition between the equivalent power characteristic line PTb corresponding to the required power and the equivalent power characteristic line PTa on the lower power generation power side.
- the state of the control which brings about voltage transition is shown. More specifically, after reading an equivalent power characteristic line PTa having lower power generation than an equivalent power characteristic line PTb corresponding to the required power (step S130), the current voltage at the operating point Pn in the normal control performed in step S120. Is shifted to an operating point Pn2 on the side of the equivalent power characteristic line PTa having a lower power generation power than the equivalent power characteristic line PTb and causing further current increase and voltage reduction. The fuel cell 100 is operated at the point Pn2.
- the current voltage is shifted to the operation point Pn before the current increase and the voltage decrease are caused.
- the transition from the operation point Pn to the operation point Pn2 it is possible to change from the operation point Pn directly to the operation point Pn2, or to change to the operation point Pn2 via the operation point Pn1.
- the control in this case causes a current-voltage transition between the equivalent power characteristic lines of different generated powers, the average equivalent power is almost equal as shown by the solid line in FIG. It becomes control of.
- step S130 when the cell temperature rises and the power generation capacity may be reduced due to film drying (affirmative determination in step S130), the normal control performed in step S120 is performed. Since the current voltage at the operating point Pn is shifted to the side where the current increase and the voltage decrease occur, it is possible to suppress the above-described film drying and thus the power generation capacity. In both of the controls described above, the fuel cell 100 can be operated for power generation at a current voltage on the equivalent power characteristic line unique to the cell, so that the output can be stabilized.
- both of the above-described controls require current / voltage control in the fuel cell 100 itself when the current / voltage transition suitable for the temporary current increase control occurs, and the secondary battery 172 which is another power source for the control. This eliminates the need for power generation operation control in consideration of the power supply from the power supply.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and modifications, and can be implemented in various modes without departing from the gist thereof. Is possible.
- the cell temperature and the dry state of the electrolyte membrane 101 are associated with each other, and when the cell temperature exceeds the first temperature ⁇ , it is necessary to suppress the drying of the electrolyte membrane 101. It is not a thing. That is, in addition to the cell temperature, fuel cell characteristics reflecting the dry state of the electrolyte membrane 101 can be used.
- a phenomenon that occurs when the electrolyte membrane 101 is dried by detecting a change in anode pressure loss or internal resistance that is, a decrease in anode pressure loss or an increase in internal resistance as shown by a white square plot in FIG. If this happens, the drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 progresses and the power generation performance of the fuel cell 100 may be reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to suppress the membrane drying and the decrease in capacity, and thus the current increase control in step S130 (temporary) (Current increase control) can also be performed.
- a decrease in the power generation performance of the fuel cell 100 is observed not only as a result of drying of the electrolyte membrane 101 but also as a change in the output of the fuel cell 100 and a change in its current-voltage characteristics in addition to the above-described changes in anode pressure loss and internal resistance. Can do. Therefore, the battery output or current-voltage characteristics of the fuel cell 100 are measured (actually measured) or estimated based on a predetermined theoretical calculation so as to capture the transition to a capacity reduction state where the power generation performance of the fuel cell 100 can be reduced. Thus, the above-described temporary current increase control and the subsequent normal control can be repeated.
- the battery output and current-voltage characteristics of the fuel cell 100 shift from a predetermined threshold value to the output decrease or characteristic deterioration side, it is assumed that the power generation performance of the fuel cell 100 has shifted to a capacity reduction state that can decrease.
- the above-described temporary current increase control and the subsequent normal control are alternately repeated. Then, if the battery output and current-voltage characteristics of the fuel cell 100 return to the above-described threshold values, the temporary current increase control may be stopped.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an output countermeasure that can be employed in the temporary current increase control.
- FIG. 16 shows an average obtained by repeating the temporary current increase control and the subsequent normal control in consideration of the current-voltage transition between the equivalent power characteristic line PTb and the equivalent power characteristic line PTa that match the required power. The output state of the generated power in the case of equivalent power control is shown.
- the increase in current through the current-voltage transition (Pn ⁇ Pn2: temporary current increase control) from the equivalent power characteristic line PTb to the equivalent power characteristic line PTa and the load demand output of the output due to the lower voltage are shown.
- the difference is equal to the difference between the low current through the current-voltage transition (Pn2 ⁇ Pn: normal control) from the equivalent power characteristic line PTa to the equivalent power characteristic line PTb and the load demand output of the output due to the high voltage.
- Pn2 ⁇ Pn normal control
- the fuel cell-equipped vehicle 20 includes a secondary battery 172 capable of charging and discharging electric power so that it can be used together with the fuel cell 100 as a power source for supplying the motor 170 and the like.
- the fuel cell 100 is controlled so as to be supplemented when the output is insufficient.
- the output decrease due to the current increase and the voltage reduction is equal to the output recovery due to the low current and the voltage increase as described above, the output of the fuel cell 100 is apparently insufficient. You can avoid getting up. For this reason, the power supply of the secondary battery 172 for replenishing the output becomes unnecessary, or the power supply can be prevented from fluctuating, so that the power consumption of the secondary battery 172 can be suppressed.
- the output of the fuel cell 100 is essentially constant.
- the power supply of the secondary battery 172 for replenishing the output becomes unnecessary, or the power consumption of the secondary battery 172 can be suppressed without causing a change in the power supply.
- the normal control is executed in the period (T ⁇ t) following the temporary current increase control in the period t described above, but the control following the temporary current increase control in the period t is described.
- This may be a control that suppresses the increase in the amount of generated water rather than the temporary current increase control, and is not limited to the normal control.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing how the voltage changes when the temporary current increase control and the subsequent control (control for suppressing the increase in generated water) are alternately repeated.
- the voltage is gradually increased or decreased when the voltage is lowered along with the temporary current increase control and when the voltage is increased along with the temporary current increase control and the subsequent control. It will be changed as follows. By so doing, it is possible to suppress a sudden change in current when the temporary current increase control and the subsequent control (control to suppress the increase in generated water) are alternately repeated, so-called spike current can be suppressed. It will be beneficial to you.
- the temporary current increase control and the normal control are alternately repeated in the period T described above during the period in which the cell temperature decreases to the first temperature ⁇ after exceeding the first temperature ⁇ .
- the temporary current increase control and the normal control can be alternately repeated at a cycle T over a predetermined period after the cell temperature exceeds the first temperature ⁇ . The same applies to the case where the transition to a capacity reduction state in which the power generation performance of the fuel cell can be reduced by measuring or estimating the battery resistance value, the battery output, or the current-voltage characteristics.
- SYMBOLS 20 Vehicle equipped with fuel cell 22 ... Vehicle body 30 ... Fuel cell system 100 ... Fuel cell 101 ... Electrolyte membrane 102 ... Anode 103 ... Cathode 104 ... Anode side gas diffusion layer 105 ... Cathode side gas diffusion layer 106 ... Current sensor 110 ... Hydrogen gas tank DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 120 ... Hydrogen gas supply system 121 ... Hydrogen supply path 122 ... Circulation path 123 ... Release path 124 ... Opening / closing valve 125 ... Pressure reducing valve 126 ... Hydrogen supply equipment 127 ... Circulation pump 128 ... Flow sensor 129 ... Open / close valve 130 ... Compressor 140 ...
- Air Supply system 141 Oxygen supply path 142 ... Release path 143 ... Discharge flow rate adjusting valve 145 ... Humidifier 147 ... Flow rate sensor 150 ... Radiator 152 ... Fan 160 ... Cooling system 161 ... Circulation path 162 ... Bypass path 1 3 ... Three-way flow control valve 164 ... Circulation pump 166 ... Temperature sensor 170 ... Motor 172 ... Secondary battery 176 ... Capacity detection sensor 180 ... Accelerator 182 ... Vehicle speed sensor 184 ... Outside air temperature sensor 200 ... Controller 174 ... DC-DC converter FW ... front wheel RW ... rear wheel
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Abstract
Description
燃料電池システムであって、
プロトン伝導性を有する電解質膜を挟んで対向するアノードとカソードに燃料ガスと酸素含有ガスとの供給を受けて発電する燃料電池と、
外部の負荷の要求電力に基づいて前記燃料電池の発電運転を制御する負荷対応発電制御を行う発電制御部とを備え、
該発電制御部は、
前記燃料電池の発電性能が低下し得る能力低下状況下となると、前記燃料電池の発電運転状況を前記カソードにおける生成水の生成量が前記負荷対応発電制御に比して増量する側に推移させる生成水増量制御を行った後に、前記燃料電池の発電運転状況を前記生成水増量制御に比して前記生成水の生成量の増量を抑制する側に推移させる生成水非増量制御を実行し、前記能力低下状況下において、前記生成水増量制御と前記生成水非増量制御を交互に繰り返す
ことを要旨とする。
上記したいずれかの燃料電池システムを搭載した車両であって、該燃料電池システムの有する前記燃料電池の発電電力を駆動力に用いる
ことを要旨とする。
22…車体
30…燃料電池システム
100…燃料電池
101…電解質膜
102…アノード
103…カソード
104…アノード側ガス拡散層
105…カソード側ガス拡散層
106…電流センサー
110…水素ガスタンク
120…水素ガス供給系
121…水素供給経路
122…循環経路
123…放出経路
124…開閉バルブ
125…減圧バルブ
126…水素供給機器
127…循環ポンプ
128…流量センサー
129…開閉バルブ
130…コンプレッサ
140…空気供給系
141…酸素供給経路
142…放出経路
143…排出流量調整バルブ
145…加湿装置
147…流量センサー
150…ラジエータ
152…ファン
160…冷却系
161…循環経路
162…バイパス経路
163…三方流量調整弁
164…循環ポンプ
166…温度センサー
170…モーター
172…2次電池
176…容量検出センサー
180…アクセル
182…車速センサー
184…外気温センサー
200…制御装置
174…DC-DCコンバーター
FW…前輪
RW…後輪
Claims (15)
- 燃料電池システムであって、
プロトン伝導性を有する電解質膜を挟んで対向するアノードとカソードに燃料ガスと酸素含有ガスとの供給を受けて発電する燃料電池と、
外部の負荷の要求電力に基づいて前記燃料電池の発電運転を制御する負荷対応発電制御を行う発電制御部とを備え、
該発電制御部は、
前記燃料電池の発電性能が低下し得る能力低下状況下となると、前記燃料電池の発電運転状況を前記カソードにおける生成水の生成量が前記負荷対応発電制御に比して増量する側に推移させる生成水増量制御を行った後に、前記燃料電池の発電運転状況を前記生成水増量制御に比して前記生成水の生成量の増量を抑制する側に推移させる生成水非増量制御を実行し、前記能力低下状況下において、前記生成水増量制御と前記生成水非増量制御を交互に繰り返す
燃料電池システム。 - 前記発電制御部は、前記生成水非増量制御として前記負荷対応発電制御を実行する請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記発電制御部は、前記生成水増量制御と前記生成水非増量制御とを所定期間の周期Tで交互に繰り返す請求項1または請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記発電制御部は、前記生成水増量制御を行うに当たり、前記燃料電池の発電運転状態を電流増と低電圧化とを起こす側に推移させて前記カソードにおける生成水の生成量を増やし、前記生成水非増量制御を行うに当たり、前記燃料電池の発電運転状態を前記生成水増量制御に対して低電流域と高電圧域となる側に推移させて、前記生成水増量制御に比して前記生成水の生成量の増量を抑制する請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システム。
- 請求項4に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池の発電運転状態を示すよう電流と電圧とを対応付けた前記燃料電池に固有の等価パワー特性線を発電パワーごとに記憶し、
前記発電制御部は、前記負荷対応発電制御を行うに当たり、前記要求電力に符合した前記発電パワーの前記等価パワー特性線を読み込んで、該読み込んだ等価パワー特性線の上の電流電圧となるよう前記燃料電池の発電運転を制御し、前記生成水増量制御として前記電流増と低電圧化とを起こす側への推移についても、等価パワー特性線の上の電流電圧となるよう前記燃料電池の発電運転を制御する
燃料電池システム。 - 前記発電制御部は、前記生成水増量制御として前記電流増と低電圧化とを起こす側への推移を、前記要求電力に符合した前記発電パワーより低発電パワーの側の前記等価パワー特性線を読み込んで、該読み込んだ等価パワー特性線の上の電流電圧となるよう前記燃料電池の発電運転を制御する請求項5に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 請求項4に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
電力の充電と放電が可能な2次電池を、前記負荷に供給する電力源として前記燃料電池と併用可能に備え、
前記発電制御部は、
前記生成水増量制御に伴う前記電流増と前記低電圧化とを起こす側への推移による前記燃料電池の、前記負荷要求出力との差分と、前記生成水非増量制御に伴う前記低電流域と前記高電圧域となる側への推移による前記燃料電池の、前記負荷要求出力との差分とが等しくなるように、前記生成水増量制御と前記生成水非増量制御とを交互に繰り返す
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項4に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
電力の充電と放電が可能な2次電池を、前記負荷に供給する電力源として前記燃料電池と併用可能に備え、
前記発電制御部は、
前記生成水増量制御の実行可否を、前記2次電池の蓄電状態に基づいて判定する
燃料電池システム。 - 前記発電制御部は、前記2次電池の蓄電容量が所定容量を超える際に、前記生成水増量制御の実行が可能と判定する請求項8に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 請求項8または請求項9に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記発電制御部は、
前記燃料電池の発電運転状態を前記電流増と低電圧とを起こす側に推移させる推移状態を、前記2次電池の蓄電状態に基づいて決定し、該決定した推移状態にて前記生成水増量制御を実行する
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記発電制御部は、
前記生成水増量制御を繰り返し実行した後に、前記負荷の要求電力が消失すると前記生成水増量制御を停止し、
前記要求電力の消失後に改めて前記負荷の要求電力があるまでの負荷消失期間において、前記生成水増量制御を所定期間に亘って間欠的に繰り返す
燃料電池システム。 - 前記発電制御部は、前記負荷消失期間における前記生成水増量制御を、前記燃料電池の発電性能が前記電解質膜の乾燥により低下すると想定される状態下において実行する請求項11に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記発電制御部は、前記負荷消失期間における前記生成水増量制御を、前記燃料電池について検出した燃料電池温度が前記要求電力の消失の際の温度から所定の温度まで低下すると実行する請求項12に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記発電制御部は、前記生成水増量制御を繰り返すに当たり、前記酸素含有ガスの供給量を間欠的に低減する請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 請求項1ないし請求項14のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システムを搭載し、該燃料電池システムの有する前記燃料電池の発電電力を駆動力に用いる車両。
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DE112011104901.3T DE112011104901B4 (de) | 2011-02-16 | 2011-06-23 | Brennstoffzellensystem und damit ausgestattetes Fahrzeug |
JP2012557665A JP5545378B2 (ja) | 2011-02-16 | 2011-06-23 | 燃料電池システムとこれを搭載した車両 |
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US9444113B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 |
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JPWO2012111046A1 (ja) | 2014-07-03 |
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