WO2012055167A1 - 一种铜矿石的生物冶金浸矿微生物组合菌液及其回收金属铜的方法 - Google Patents

一种铜矿石的生物冶金浸矿微生物组合菌液及其回收金属铜的方法 Download PDF

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WO2012055167A1
WO2012055167A1 PCT/CN2011/001790 CN2011001790W WO2012055167A1 WO 2012055167 A1 WO2012055167 A1 WO 2012055167A1 CN 2011001790 W CN2011001790 W CN 2011001790W WO 2012055167 A1 WO2012055167 A1 WO 2012055167A1
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cctcc
ore
leaching
copper
layer
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PCT/CN2011/001790
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English (en)
French (fr)
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邱冠周
覃文庆
刘学端
王军
尹华群
刘新星
周洪波
康健
余润兰
申丽
张雁生
曾伟民
朱德庆
李启厚
庄田
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中南大学
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/18Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0063Hydrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0065Leaching or slurrying
    • C22B15/0067Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Definitions

  • Biometallurgical leaching microorganism combined bacteria liquid of copper ore and method for recovering same
  • the invention belongs to the field of biometallurgy, and particularly relates to a biometallurgical leaching microbial combined bacterial liquid of copper ore and a method for recovering copper metal.
  • Copper is an important strategic non-ferrous metal used in electrical, mechanical, and defense industries.
  • the world's copper resources are mainly concentrated in Chile, the United States, Zambia and other countries.
  • Zambia's copper reserves account for 6.4% of the global total, but among the proven copper resources, a considerable number of copper mines have yet to be developed due to the lack of efficient use of new technologies.
  • the large amount of tailings and mining waste rock resources in the Zambian countries require a large amount of government funds to maintain the waste rock piles.
  • Due to the lack of effective technology a large amount of heavy metal-containing wastewater is generated during the ore storage process, which is not effective. Recycling heavy metal elements, and causing tremendous damage to the ecosystem, causing serious pollution to the mining environment.
  • Biometallurgy is the use of mineral-based micro-organisms to oxidize and decompose minerals to allow metal ions to enter the solution, further separating and extracting metals. It has the characteristics of short process, low cost, environmental friendliness and low pollution. Especially microbial metallurgy technology can deal with low-grade, complex and difficult-to-handle mineral resources, with advanced technology and high production efficiency. At present, the global production of metal copper by biometallurgical technology has accounted for 25% of total copper production, and the United States and Chile have even reached 30%.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a copper ore of various grades of oxidized ore and sulfide ore, including lump ore, fine ore, tailings, acid massive waste rock, by utilizing a mixture of a plurality of invading microorganisms.
  • the biometallurgical treatment methods of copper smelting furnace slag, etc. are suitable for industrial production under different conditions, realizing efficient use of resources, effectively protecting the ecological environment of the mining area, and achieving a win-win situation of economic benefits and environmental friendliness.
  • the invention relates to a biometallurgical leaching microbial combined bacterial liquid of copper ore, which is a mixture of microorganisms required for leaching after adaptive cultivation, continuous expansion culture and adaptive cultivation of ore piles, and the concentration is l-8xl0 6 cdl.
  • the mixed bacterial liquid is combined according to the cell concentration ratio per unit volume: Thiobacillus ferrooxidans 30 ⁇ 5.0%, Thiobacillus acidophilus 15 ⁇ 3.0%, ferrous oxide Leptospirillum 30 ⁇ 5.0%, Thiobacillus thermophilus 12 3.0%, mesophilic sulfur-oxidized sulphide 3 ⁇ 0.5%, metal sulphate 2 ⁇ 0.5%, diligent metalococcus 3 ⁇ 0.5%, acidophilus 3 ⁇ 0.5%, Phytophthora 2 ⁇ 0.5% ;
  • the acidophilic Thiobacillus ferrooxidans has 16 deposit numbers as CCTCC AB 206199, CCTCC AB 206200, CCTCC AB 206201, CCTCC AB 206202, CCTCC AB 206203, CCTCC AB 206204 > CCTCC AB 206205, CCTCC AB 206206, CCTCC AB 206207, One or more of CCTCC AB 206
  • the ore heap adaptive culture is to add -0.074 mm of 2-5% w/v copper ore or concentrate as a mixed medium in the chemical medium; after the microbial concentration reaches at least l-8x10 7 cell/mL Then inoculate the 5-10 tons of ore heap according to l-8xl0 6 cell/mL, and carry out the adaptive growth of the ore heap, so that it is in the logarithmic growth phase. After the microbial concentration reaches at least l-8x10 6 cell/mL, press l -8xl0 0 cell/mL was inoculated into a 100-500 ton ore heap for 20-40 days.
  • the method for biometallurgical recovery of copper ore by using the leaching microorganism combined bacteria liquid comprises the following steps -
  • +5-40mm grain size copper ore large particle lump ore is deposited in a thin layer, pre-sprayed with dilute sulfuric acid solution, and then inoculated with the leaching microorganism combination liquid solution according to l-8x10 6 cell/mL, and intermittent spraying is started. Leach production operations and ventilation, leaching solution standby;
  • the copper ore tailings are pelletized and granulated, the particle size is controlled at 10-20mm, 150-200mm thick copper ore fines with a particle size of 5mm are laid as the bottom layer, and the anti-seepage layer is laid, and the anti-seepage layer is laid flat 200 - 300mm thick grit, as a buffer layer of the yard; then, on the buffer layer, the pelletized copper ore tailings with a particle size of 10-20mm after pelletizing and granulation are laid and piled up. Spraying in advance, and then inoculating the combined leaching microorganisms, the microbial concentration is l-8 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL, intermittent spraying, and the leaching solution is reserved;
  • the copper ore mining acidic massive waste rock with a particle size of 40mm-60mm with a copper content of 0.09-0.3% is laid as the bottom layer, and the thickness is 300-400mm; the anti-seepage layer is covered, and the anti-seepage layer is flat-stacked 200-300mm thick.
  • the tailings sand pump is pumped onto the waste rock layer, so that the tailings can be evenly and firmly distributed in the ore layer; the second layer of waste rock layer is laid and the tailings sand is pumped; so repeatedly, until the pile height of each layer of the pile is 4- 6M; pre-spraying of sulfuric acid in the early stage of heap leaching, and then inoculating the leaching microorganism combined bacteria solution, the microbial concentration is l -8 ⁇ 10 6 cell/mL, intermittent spraying, and the leaching solution is reserved;
  • the copper smelting furnace slag is crushed and finely ground, and then granulated with the powder ore.
  • the particle size is controlled at 20mm, and the 150-200mm thick powder with a particle size of 5mm is used as the bottom layer, and the upper layer is covered with the anti-seepage layer.
  • the finely ground smelting slag and powder ore of 200-300min thickness are formed on the top of the infiltration layer as a buffer layer of the yard; then the heap leaching of the finely ground smelting slag and the fine ore by the pelletizing granulation is continued Pre-spraying of sulfuric acid in the early stage of heap leaching, and then inoculating the leaching microorganism combined bacteria solution, the microbial concentration is l-8x l 0 6 cell/mL, intermittent spraying, and the leaching solution is reserved;
  • the bottom layer is a coarse sand having a thickness of 300-400 mm, and the crushed copper ore of a grade of 5-40 mm is subjected to thin layer pile-up, each Layer height 5-7m, laying 4-6 layers; first spray with dilute sulfuric acid solution with pH value of 0.9-1.2, ensure that the pH value of the leachate is maintained at 1.7-1.9, and the pH value of the leachate is stable for 48 hours, inoculate the above
  • the leaching microorganism combines the bacterial liquid.
  • the mass concentration of sulfuric acid in the mixed solution in the stirred tank in the powder ore mixing bacteria biological tank immersion according to the step (2) It is 30-45g/L; the stirring speed is 40-60 rpm; during the stirring process, air can be blown into the stirring tank by air compressor, and the reaction is leached for 1-3 hours.
  • the pre-spraying of the sulfuric acid is carried out in advance, to ensure that the pH of the leaching environment is maintained at 1.7-1.9, and the pH of the environment is stable for 24 hours.
  • the inoculation of the leaching microorganism combined bacteria solution is performed.
  • the copper smelting furnace slag is firstly crushed and finely ground to make it -0.074
  • the content of mm is not less than 50%, and it is granulated by using 35-40g/L sulfuric acid. After granulation, it is left open for 8-12 hours to stabilize the surface of the solidified ball; Pre-spraying, ensuring that the pH of the leaching environment is maintained at 1.7-1.9, and the immersion microbial combined bacteria solution is inoculated after the environmental pH value is stable for 24 hours.
  • the anti-seepage layer is an acid-resistant PVC geotextile with a thickness of lmm-3inin.
  • the specific process for extracting electrowinning copper prepared by the step (6) is as follows: the extraction adopts two-stage extraction first-stage back extraction; using Lix-984 as an extracting agent, the leaching liquid is first injected into the high-level tank of the extraction raw liquid, and the organic phase high-position tank The extractant in the extraction is fed into the extraction tank two-stage extraction according to 0/A 1:1, and the residual liquid flows to the circulation tank after the extraction, and the pump is returned to the ore heap to continue to utilize the leaching; the organic phase and the stripping agent are extracted by the first stage.
  • the no-load organic phase is returned to reuse; the residual liquid and the electro-remaining liquid are subjected to full closed-circuit recycling; the electrowinning is performed by the Isa method; after the stripping, the liquid is filtered to self-flow to the electro-hydraulic circulation tank, via the plate type.
  • the heat exchanger is heated to 40-42 ° C, it flows into the electric accumulator to accumulate, and the electrolyzed lean liquid returns as the stripping agent; the cathode working period is 7 days, the cathode copper is manually stripped; the anode mud is washed once a year, with the movement The pump is pumped away from the tank.
  • the specific process for obtaining the sponge copper according to the step (6) is as follows: the initial pH value of the leachate is adjusted to be between 1.5 and 2.0, and the Fe 3+ is removed before the replacement, and the Fe 3+ concentration is controlled to be not higher than 0.2 g/L; The pH value is controlled below 4.5; the stirring strength is 100 ⁇ 150 ipm/s ; the room temperature is replaced, and the replacement time is 30 min.
  • various types of copper ore including sulfide ore and oxidized ore, whether it is mining waste rock or beneficiation tailings, including smelted waste, can be treated by this technology, and various resources can be made.
  • biometallurgical technology is beneficial to the effective utilization of tailings heap resources and the effective recovery of valuable copper metal, which can well protect the ecological environment of the mining area and achieve a win-win situation of economic benefits and environmental friendliness.
  • the key to the invention lies in the copper ore, mining waste rock, beneficiation tailings, and slag after smelting for different objects.
  • resources can be fully utilized.
  • the recovery rate of the bio-stacking process is over 90%, and the recovery rate of the bio-stirring leaching process is more than 90%.
  • the obtained leachate can obtain high-quality cathode electro-copper products through the extraction electrowinning process, and the sponge copper can be obtained through the replacement process.
  • the invention has broad promotion value and application prospect in the copper ore hydrometallurgy industry all over the world, and can broaden the source of raw materials, increase resource reserves, reduce production cost, improve resource utilization efficiency, and extend mine service life.
  • the acidophilic Thiobacillus ferrooxidans has 16 deposit numbers as CCTCC AB 206199 CTCC AB 206200, CCTCC AB 206201, CCTCC AB 206202, CCTCC AB 206203, CCTCC AB 206204, CCTCC AB 206205, CCTCC AB 206206, CCTCC AB 206207 , one or more of CCTCC AB 206208, CCTCC AB 207053, CCTCC AB 207054, CCTCC AB 207055, CCTCC AB 207056, CCTCC AB 207057, CCTCC AB 207058; the acidophilic Thiobacillus thiooxidans is the three deposit numbers CCTCC AB206195, One or more of CCTCC AB 206196 and CCTCC AB 206197; Leptospirillum oxidizing bacteria are 10 kinds of accession numbers are CCTCC AB206158 CTCC AB 206159, CCTCC AB
  • CCTCC AB207045 the metal sulfur leaf fungus CCTCC AB207047, and the three species of C. sinensis are CCTCC AB207046, CCTCC AB 206191, CCTCC AB 206192;
  • Acid bacteria are 14 kinds of deposit numbers as CCTCC AB206219, CCTCC AB 206220, CCTCC AB 20622 CCTCC AB 206222, CCTCC AB 206223, CCTCC AB 206224, CCTCC AB 206225, CCTCC AB 206226, CCTCC AB 207065, CCTCC AB 207066, CCTCC AB 207067, One or more of CCTCC AB 207068, CCTCC AB 207069, CCTCC AB 207070; C. sinensis CCTCC AB207048.
  • CCTCC AB 206201 Thiobacillus ferrooxidans CSU 206062 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 206202 Thiobacillus ferrooxidans CSU i 6 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 206203 Thiobacillus ferrooxidans CSU 206065 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 206204 Acidophilus Thiobacillus ferrooxidans CSU 206066 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 206205 Thiobacillus ferrooxidans CSU 206068 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 206206 Thiobacillus ferrooxidans CSU 2 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 9 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 206207 Thiobacillus acidophilus CSU 206071 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 206208 Thiobacillus ferrooxidans CSU
  • CCTCC AB206195 Thiobacillus acidophilus CSU 206051 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans CCTCC AB 206196 Thiobacillus acidophilus CSU 206052 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans CCTCC AB 206197 Thiobacillus acidophilus CSU 206053 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans CCTCC AB206158 Leptospirillum CSU 206002 Leptospirillum ferrooxidans CCTCC AB206159 Leptospirillum CSU 206003 Leptospirillum ferrooxidans CCTCC AB206160 Leptospirillum CSU 206004 Leptospirillum ferrooxidans CCTCC AB206161 Leptospirillum CSU 206005 Leptospirillum ferrooxidans CCTCC AB206162 Leptospirillum CSU 206006 Leptospirillum ferrooxidans CCTCC
  • the microorganisms required for leaching were separately cultured in 2.5L shake flasks, and the corresponding chemical medium of each microorganism was used. After each microorganism was successively passaged five times, it was inoculated into the corresponding 50L continuous expansion culture device, using the ore. concentrate for mixing powder and medium; the microorganism concentration of at least l-8xl0 7 C ell / mL , and then seeded to 5-10 tons of ore heap, stockpile for adaptive growth, it is in the logarithmic growth phase, the microorganism After the concentration reaches at least l-8x10 6 cell/mL, it is inoculated into 100-500 tons of ore heap. After 20-40 days, the microorganisms required for leaching in the ore heap are combined in the expanded culture medium according to the above table:
  • the bottom layer is 300-400mm grit coarse sand, and the pre-crushed +5-40mm grain-level copper ore large grain lump ore with a thickness of 200-300mm is piled on the anti-seepage layer as a pile.
  • the buffer layer of the field successively, the crushed +5-40mm grain copper ore large grain lump ore is piled up in thin layers, the height of each layer is 5-7m, laying 4-6 layers; firstly, the pH value is 0.9.
  • Pre-spraying of -1.2 dilute sulfuric acid solution to ensure the pH value of the leachate is maintained at 1.7-1.9.
  • the liquid solid product mass ratio is 2.33L/kg, so that the microbial concentration in the mixed solution is l-8xl0 6 Cell/mL ; the concentration of sulfuric acid in the mixed solution in the stirred tank is 30-45g/L ; the volume of the stirred tank is 50M 3 , the temperature is stirred and leached for 2 hours at room temperature, the stirring speed is 60 rpm, and the average of one month of continuous operation
  • the process indicators are: copper leaching rate of 92.32%, sulfuric acid consumption of 3.18 tons / ton of copper, obtaining a copper ion concentration of 4.85 g / L of leachate.
  • the two parts of the leachate were mixed for extraction and electrowinning, and the first batch of cathode copper with a purity of 99.995% was obtained.
  • the specific process of extracting electrowinning copper is as follows.
  • the extraction adopts two-stage extraction first-stage back extraction; using Lix-984 as an extractant, the leachate is first injected into the high level tank of the extraction stock solution, compared with the extractant in the organic phase clamping tank.
  • the leaching rate of copper was 94.23%, and a leachate having a copper ion concentration of 3.66 g/L was obtained.
  • Example 1 According to the operation of Example 1, the powdery ore bacteria were stirred, and the average process index for one month of continuous operation was: copper leaching rate was 95.62%, sulfuric acid consumption was 3.65 tons/ton of copper, and a copper ion concentration of 5.78 g/L of leachate was obtained. The two parts of the leachate were mixed for extraction and electrowinning, and the first batch of cathode copper with a purity of 99.995% was obtained.
  • the heap leaching was carried out for 270 days, and the leaching rate of copper was 90.25%, and a leachate having a copper ion concentration of 2.45 g/L was obtained.
  • Example 1 According to the operation of Example 1, the powdery ore bacteria were stirred, and the average process index for one month of continuous operation was as follows: copper leaching rate was 92.32%, sulfuric acid consumption was 3.25 tons/ton of copper, and a copper ion concentration of 4.75 g/L of leachate was obtained. The two parts of the leaching solution were mixed for extraction and electrowinning, and the first batch of cathode copper with a purity of 99.995% was obtained. A portion of the leachate was obtained by a displacement process to obtain 88% copper sponge copper.
  • the specific process for obtaining sponge copper is as follows: the initial pH value of the leachate is adjusted to be between 1.5 and 2.0, and Fe 3+ is removed before the replacement, and the Fe 3+ concentration is not higher than 0.2 g/L ; the replacement end point is that the pH is controlled below 4.5.
  • the stirring strength is 100 ⁇ 150rpm/s ; the normal temperature is replaced, and the replacement time is 30min.
  • the leaching rate of copper was 91.24%, and a leachate having a copper ion concentration of 2.68 g/L was obtained.
  • Example 1 According to the operation of Example 1, the powdery ore bacteria were stirred, and the average process index for one month of continuous operation was: copper leaching rate was 92.32%, sulfuric acid consumption was 3.36 tons/ton of copper, and a copper ion concentration of 4.97 g/L of leachate was obtained. A part of the two parts of the leachate was mixed for extraction and electrowinning, and the first batch of cathode copper with a purity of 99.995% was obtained. A portion of the leachate was obtained by a displacement process to obtain 88% copper sponge copper.
  • Example 5 Example 5
  • the tailings can be evenly and firmly distributed in the ore layer; the second layer of waste rock layer is laid and the tailings sand is pumped; this is repeated until the pile height of each layer of the pile is 4-6M;
  • the pre-spraying of sulfuric acid is carried out to ensure that the pH of the leaching environment is maintained at 1.7-1.9, and the pH of the environment is stabilized for 24 hours, and then the above-mentioned leaching microorganism combination inoculation is carried out, and the microbial concentration is l- 8 ⁇ 10 6 cdI/mL, and intermittent spraying is performed.
  • Leaching, leaching solution
  • Powder ore and fine grinding copper smelting furnace slag granulation bio-dumping Powder ore and fine grinding copper smelting furnace slag granulation bio-dumping:
  • the copper smelting furnace slag is firstly crushed and finely ground, so that the content of -0.074mm is more than 50%, and the sulfuric acid is -0.074mm by 35-40g/L.
  • the pH of the environment was maintained at 1.7-1.9, and the environmental pH value was stabilized for 24 hours.
  • the above-mentioned leaching microorganism combination inoculation was carried out, and the microbial concentration was l-8 ⁇ 10 0 cell/mL, intermittent spraying was performed, and the leachate was reserved.
  • the above-mentioned fine ore and acid massive waste rock, fine ore and finely ground copper smelting slag were all immersed for 270 days, and the copper leaching rate was 85.24%, and a copper ion concentration of 1.65 g/L was obtained.
  • the leachate was mixed for extraction and electrowinning, and the first batch of cathode copper was obtained with a purity of 99.95%.
  • a part of the sponge copper containing 87% of copper was obtained by a displacement process.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种铜矿石的生物冶金浸矿微生物组合菌液及其回收金属铜的方法,将经过适应性培养,连续扩大培养以及矿石堆适应性培养后的浸矿微生物组合后用于浸矿,针对不同对象的矿石采取不同浸出方法,包括块矿、粉矿、尾矿和铜冶炼炉渣等的生物冶金处理方法;获得合格浸出液后釆取萃取-电积制备电铜和短流程置换获得海绵铜两种产品。适用于不同条件下的工业化生产,实现了低品位铜矿资源的高效利用,能够有效的保护矿区生态环境,获得经济效益和环境友好的双赢局面。

Description

一种铜矿石的生物冶金浸矿微生物组合菌液及其回收金属铜的方法 技术领域
本发明属于生物冶金领域, 具体涉及一种铜矿石的生物冶金浸矿微生物组合菌液及其 回收铜金属的方法。
背景技术
铜是重要战略有色金属, 用于电气、 机械制造、 国防工业等领域。 世界铜资源主要集 中在智利、 美国、 赞比亚等国。 赞比亚铜矿储量占全球总量的 6.4%, 但已探明的铜矿资源 当中, 有相当数量的铜矿由于缺乏高效利用新技术而尚待开发。 尤其是赞比亚国家大量堆 存的尾矿和采矿废石资源, 需要大量的政府资金来维护废石堆, 但由于缺乏有效的技术, 矿石堆存过程中产生了大量的含重金属废水, 不但无法有效回收重金属元素, 而且给生态 ***带来巨大的破坏作用, 对矿区环境造成严重的污染。
生物冶金是利用以矿物为能源的微生物的作用, 氧化分解矿物使金属离子进入溶液, 进一步分离、 提取金属的高新技术。 它具有流程短、 成本低、 环境友好和低污染等特点, 特别是微生物冶金技术能处理低品位、 复杂、难处理的矿产资源, 技术先进, 生产效率高。 目前全球采用生物冶金技术提取金属铜的产量已经占到全部铜产量的 25%, 美国、 智利甚 至到达 30%。
生物冶金工艺主要有三种: 堆浸、 就地浸出和搅拌浸出。 不同工艺的选择是根据矿石 类型以及其中有矿物成分的物理化学性质来决定。 目前涉及的矿石主要有: 铜矿石, 镍钴 矿石, 金矿和铀矿。 但是针对各种粒级的氧化矿和硫化矿类型的铜矿石以及冶炼渣和采矿 废石, 目前还没有一套完整合适的处理方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种利用多种侵矿微生物的混合作用, 对各种粒级的氧化矿和硫 化矿类型的铜矿石, 包括块矿、 粉矿、 尾矿、 酸性块状废石、 铜冶炼炉渣等的生物冶金处 理方法, 适用于不同条件下的工业化生产, 实现了资源高效利用, 能够有效的保护矿区生 态环境, 实现经济效益和环境友好的双赢局面。
本发明一种铜矿石的生物冶金浸矿微生物组合菌液, 是将经过适应性培养, 连续扩大 培养以及矿石堆适应性培养后的浸出所需的微生物混合, 得到浓度为 l-8xl06cdl/mL的混 合菌液, 所述的混合菌液按照单位体积的细胞浓度配比进行组合: 嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 30 ±5.0%、 嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌 15 ±3.0%、 氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌 30 ± 5.0%、 喜温硫杆菌 12士 3.0%, 嗜温硫氧化硫化杆菌 3 ±0.5%、 金属硫叶菌 2±0.5%、 勤奋金属球菌 3 ±0.5%、 嗜 酸菌 3 ±0.5%、万座酸菌 2±0.5%;所述的嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌为 16种保藏号为 CCTCC AB 206199、 CCTCC AB 206200、 CCTCC AB 206201、 CCTCC AB 206202、 CCTCC AB 206203、 CCTCC AB 206204 > CCTCC AB 206205、 CCTCC AB 206206、 CCTCC AB 206207、 CCTCC AB 206208、 CCTCC AB 207053、 CCTCC AB 207054、 CCTCC AB 207055 、 CCTCC AB 207056 、 CCTCC AB 207057、 CCTCC AB 207058的一种或几种; 嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌为 3 种保藏号为 CCTCC AB206195、 CCTCC AB 206196 、 CCTCC AB 206197的一种或几种; 氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌为 10种保藏号为 CCTCC AB206158 、 CCTCC AB 206159 、 CCTCC AB 206160 、 CCTCC AB 206161、 CCTCC AB 206162 、 CCTCC AB 206163 、 CCTCC AB 206164、 CCTCC AB 207036 、 CCTCC AB 207037、 CCTCC AB 207038的一种或几种; 喜温硫杆菌为 3种保藏号为 CCTCC AB207044、 CCTCC AB 206175 、 CCTCC AB 206176 的一种或几种; 嗜温硫氧化硫化杆菌 CCTCC AB207045、 金属硫叶菌 CCTCC AB207047、 勤奋金属球菌为 3种保藏号为 CCTCC AB207046、 CCTCC AB 206191、 CCTCC AB 206192 的一种或几种; 嗜酸菌为 14种保藏号为 CCTCC AB206219、 CCTCC AB 206220、 CCTCC AB 20622 K CCTCC AB 206222 、 CCTCC AB 206223、 CCTCC AB 206224、 CCTCC AB 206225 、 CCTCC AB 206226、 CCTCC AB 207065、 CCTCC AB 207066、 CCTCC AB 207067 、 CCTCC AB 207068 、 CCTCC AB 207069 、 CCTCC AB 207070的一种或几种; 万座酸菌 CCTCC AB207048。
所述的矿石堆适应性培养是在化学培养基中加入 -0.074mm的 2-5%w/v铜矿矿粉或精 矿作混合培养基;微生物浓度至少达到 l-8xl07cell/mL后,再按 l-8xl06cell/mL接种到 5-10 吨矿石堆中, 进行矿堆适应性生长, 使其处于对数生长期, 微生物浓度至少达到 l-8xl06cell/mL后, 按 l-8xl00cell/mL接种到 100-500吨矿石堆中培养 20-40天。
应用所述的浸矿微生物组合菌液进行铜矿石的生物冶金回收方法, 包括以下步骤-
( 1 ) 块矿生物堆浸
铺设好底层和防渗层,在防渗层上面平堆厚度为 200-300mm的预先破碎好的 +5-40mm 粒级铜矿石大颗粒块矿作为堆场的缓冲层;继续将破碎好的 +5-40mm粒级的铜矿石大颗粒 块矿进行薄层筑堆, 稀硫酸溶液预先喷淋, 然后按照 l-8xl06cell/mL接种所述的浸矿微生 物组合菌液, 开始间歇喷淋生产作业和通风, 浸出液备用;
(2) 粉矿搅拌细菌生物槽浸
将破碎好的 -5mm粒级的铜矿石粉矿和浓硫酸、 含所述的浸矿微生物组合菌液加入到 搅拌槽, 使混合溶液中微生物浓度为 l-8x l06cdl/mL; 在搅拌槽中进行搅拌浸出, 浸出液 备用;
(3 ) 尾矿制粒生物堆浸
首先对铜矿尾矿进行造球制粒, 粒度控制在 10-20mm, 铺设 150-200mm厚的粒度为 5mm的铜矿粉矿作为底层, 再铺设防渗层, 在防渗层上面平堆 200-300mm厚度的粗砂, 作为堆场的缓冲层;然后在缓冲层上对造球制粒后的粒度为 10-20mm的球团状铜矿尾矿进 行铺设筑堆, 堆浸开始前期进行硫酸预先喷淋, 然后接种所述的浸矿微生物组合菌液, 微 生物浓度为 l-8x l06cell/mL, 进行间歇喷淋, 浸出液备用;
(4) 粉矿和酸性块状废石生物堆浸
铺设粒度为 40mm-60mm的含铜量为 0.09-0.3%的铜矿采矿酸性块状废石作为底层,厚 度为 300-400mm; 再覆盖防渗层, 在防渗层上面平堆 200-300mm厚的粒度为 5mm的铜矿 粉矿, 作为堆场的缓冲层, 矿堆实行多层铺设方式, 首先铺设第一层铜矿酸性块状废石, 用砂浆机泵将质量浓度为 30%的铜矿尾矿砂泵到废石层上, 使尾矿能够均匀牢固分布在矿 层中; 再铺设第二层废石层, 再泵尾矿砂; 如此反复, 直至矿堆的每层的堆高为 4-6M; 堆 浸开始前期进行硫酸预先喷淋, 然后进行所述的浸矿微生物组合菌液接种, 微生物浓度为 l -8x l06cell/mL, 进行间歇喷淋, 浸出液备用;
( 5 ) 粉矿和细磨铜冶炼炉渣制粒生物堆浸
首先对铜冶炼炉渣进行破碎和细磨, 然后与粉矿进行造球制粒, 粒度控制在 20mm, 铺设 150-200mm厚, 粒度为 5mm的粉矿作为底层, 上面再覆盖防渗层, 在防渗层上面平 堆 200-300min厚度的经过造球制粒的细磨冶炼炉渣与粉矿,作为堆场的缓冲层;然后继续 对经过造球制粒的细磨冶炼炉渣与粉矿进行堆浸, 堆浸开始前期进行硫酸预先喷淋, 然后 进行所述的浸矿微生物组合菌液接种, 微生物浓度为 l-8x l 06cell/mL, 进行间歇喷淋, 浸 出液备用;
(6) 将上述步骤 (1 ) - (5 ) 得到的一种或几种浸出液萃取电积制备电铜; 或者将上述步 骤 (1 ) - (5) 得到的一种或几种浸出液用铁屑置换获得海绵铜。
步骤 (1 ) 所述的块矿生物堆浸中, 所述的底层为 300-400mm厚度的粗砂, 所述的破 碎好的 +5-40mm粒级的铜矿石进行薄层筑堆, 每层高度 5-7m, 铺设 4-6层; 先用 pH值为 0.9-1.2的稀硫酸溶液预先喷淋, 保证浸出液 pH值维持在 1.7-1.9, 浸出液 pH值稳定 48小 时后, 接种所述的浸矿微生物组合菌液。
步骤 (2) 所述的粉矿搅拌细菌生物槽浸中, 搅拌槽中的混合溶液中硫酸的质量浓度 为 30-45g/L;搅拌转速为 40-60转 /分;在搅拌过程中还可以利用空压机向搅拌槽中通空气, 浸出反应 1-3小时。
步骤 (3 ) 所述的尾矿制粒生物堆浸中, 造球制粒时加入 2%的稀硫酸, 粒度控制在 20mm, 堆浸开始前期进行硫酸预先喷淋, 保证浸出环境 pH值维持在 1.7-1.9, pH值稳定 24小时, 接种所述的浸矿微生物组合菌液。
步骤 (4) 所述的粉矿和酸性块状废石生物堆浸中, 堆浸开始前期进行硫酸预先喷淋, 保证浸出环境的 pH值维持在 1.7-1.9, 环境的 pH值稳定 24小时后进行所述浸矿微生物组 合菌液接种。
步骤 (5) 所述的粉矿和细磨铜冶炼炉渣制粒生物堆浸中, 粉矿和细磨铜冶炼炉渣制 粒时, 首先对铜冶炼炉渣进行破碎和细磨作业, 使其 -0.074mm粒级含量不低于 50%,采用 35-40g/L的硫酸对其进行造球制粒, 制粒后敞开放置 8-12小时, 使其面稳定固化结球; 堆 浸开始前期进行硫酸预先喷淋, 保证浸出环境 pH值维持在 1.7-1.9, 环境 pH值稳定 24小 时后进行所述的浸矿微生物组合菌液接种。
步骤 (1 ) (3) (4) (5) 所述的防渗层均为 lmm-3inin厚度的耐酸的 PVC土工布。 步骤 (6) 所述的萃取电积制备电铜的具体过程如下: 萃取采用二级萃取一级反萃取; 采用 Lix-984作为萃取剂, 将浸出液首先注入萃取原液高位槽, 与有机相高位槽中的萃取 剂按相比 0/A 1:1 自流流进萃取箱两级萃取, 萃取后余液自流至循环池, 泵回矿石堆继续 利用浸出; 萃取负载有机相和反萃剂经一级反萃后, 空载有机相返回重复使用; 萃取余液 和电积余液实行全闭路循环利用; 电积采用艾萨法; 反萃后液经过滤处理自流至电积液循 环槽, 经板式换热器加温到 40-42°C后流入电积槽进行电积, 电积贫液返回作反萃剂; 阴 极工作周期 7天, 人工剥离阴极铜; 阳极泥一年清洗一次, 用移动泵从槽内抽走。
步骤(6)所述的获得海绵铜的具体过程如下: 将浸出液初始 pH值调整为 1.5〜2.0之 间, 置换前除去 Fe3+, 控制 Fe3+浓度不高于 0.2g/L; 置换终点为 pH值控制在 4.5以下; 搅 拌强度为 100〜150ipm/s; 常温置换, 置换时间 30min。
釆用本发明, 针对各种类型的铜矿石, 包括硫化矿和氧化矿, 不管是采矿废石, 还是 选矿尾矿, 包括冶炼后的废渣都可以采用该技术进行处理, 可以使各种资源得到充分的利 用; 此外, 生物冶金技术的应用有利于尾矿堆资源的有效利用和有价铜金属的有效回收, 很好的保护矿区生态环境, 实现经济效益和环境友好的双赢局面。
发明的优点和积极效果
本发明的关键在于针对不同对象的铜矿石, 采矿废石, 选矿尾矿, 冶炼后的废渣均采 用各自适应的工艺进行处理,可以获得资源的充分利用。采用生物堆浸工艺回收率达到 90% 以上, 生物搅拌浸出工艺回收率也超过 90%, 获得的浸出液通过萃取电积工艺可以获得高 品质的阴极电铜产品, 通过置换工艺可以获得海绵铜。
本发明在全世界铜矿湿法冶金行业中有广阔的推广价值和应用前景, 可以拓宽原料来 源, 增加资源储量, 降低生产成本, 提高资源利用效率, 延长矿山服务年限。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步说明本发明, 而非限制本发明。
在赞比亚谦比希铜矿进行生物冶金新技术应用, 矿石成分如表 1所示, 培养的微生物 群落菌种组成的分析结果如表 2所示。
表 1 低品位矿石的化学多元素分析, %
Fe Cu Co Ni s Si02 A1203 CaO MgO
4.07 2.07 0.03 0.0035 0.40 58.32 11.21 1.12 3.44 实施例 1
5.62 4.56 0.023 0.0021 0.69 65.21 9.63 2.35 2.65 实施例 2
6.93 2.01 0.021 0.0025 0.81 59.38 10.28 3.01 1.96 实施例 3
5.98 2.11 0.025 0.0031 1.21 63.25 12.31 1.56 1.62 实施例 4
表 2 单位体积混合菌液细胞浓度配比组成, % 嗜酸氧化亚铁 嗜酸氧化硫硫 氧化亚铁钩 嗜温硫氧化 金属 喜温硫杆菌
硫杆菌 杆菌 端螺旋菌 硫化杆菌 硫叶菌
27.25 15.36 30.21 12.25 3.33 2.46 勤奋金属球菌 嗜酸菌 万座酸菌
3.35 3.48 2.31
以上菌种在中国典型培养物保藏中心 (CCTCC)生物冶金菌种资源库联系购买。
所述的嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌为 16种保藏号为 CCTCC AB 206199 CTCC AB 206200、 CCTCC AB 206201、 CCTCC AB 206202、 CCTCC AB 206203、 CCTCC AB 206204、 CCTCC AB 206205、 CCTCC AB 206206、 CCTCC AB 206207、 CCTCC AB 206208、 CCTCC AB 207053、 CCTCC AB 207054、 CCTCC AB 207055 、 CCTCC AB 207056 、 CCTCC AB 207057、 CCTCC AB 207058的一种或几种; 嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌为 3种保藏号为 CCTCC AB206195、 CCTCC AB 206196 、 CCTCC AB 206197的一种或几种; 氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌为 10种保 藏号为 CCTCC AB206158 CTCC AB 206159 、CCTCC AB 206160 、 CCTCC AB 206161、 CCTCC AB 206162 、 CCTCC AB 206163 、 CCTCC AB 206164、 CCTCC AB 207036 、 CCTCC AB 207037、 CCTCC AB 207038的一种或几种;喜温硫杆菌为 3种保藏号为 CCTCC AB207044, CCTCC AB 206175 、 CCTCC AB 206176的一种或几种; 嗜温硫氧化硫化杆菌 CCTCC AB207045、金属硫叶菌 CCTCC AB207047、勤奋金属球菌为 3种保藏号为 CCTCC AB207046、 CCTCC AB 206191、 CCTCC AB 206192的一种或几种; 嗜酸菌为 14种保藏号 为 CCTCC AB206219、 CCTCC AB 206220、 CCTCC AB 20622 CCTCC AB 206222 、 CCTCC AB 206223、 CCTCC AB 206224、 CCTCC AB 206225 、 CCTCC AB 206226、 CCTCC AB 207065、 CCTCC AB 207066、 CCTCC AB 207067 、 CCTCC AB 207068 、 CCTCC AB 207069 、 CCTCC AB 207070的一种或几种; 万座酸菌 CCTCC AB207048。
上述菌株保藏的命名为:
CCTCC AB 206199嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 CSU 206059 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 206200嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 CSU Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
CCTCC AB 206201嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 CSU 206062 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 206202嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 CSU i 6 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 206203嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 CSU 206065 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 206204嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 CSU 206066 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 206205嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 CSU 206068 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 206206嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 CSU 2ΰβ0β9 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 206207嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 CSU 206071 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 206208嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 CSU 206073 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 207053嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 CSU 206061 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 207054嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 CSU 206063 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 207055嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 CSU 20606Ί Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 207056嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 CSU 206Q10 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 207057嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 CSU 206072 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCTCC AB 207058嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 CSU 2060Ί Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
CCTCC AB206195嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌 CSU 206051 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans CCTCC AB 206196 嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌 CSU 206052 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans CCTCC AB 206197 嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌 CSU 206053 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans CCTCC AB206158氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌 CSU 206002 Leptospirillum ferrooxidans CCTCC AB206159氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌 CSU 206003 Leptospirillum ferrooxidans CCTCC AB206160氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌 CSU 206004 Leptospirillum ferrooxidans CCTCC AB206161氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌 CSU 206005 Leptospirillum ferrooxidans CCTCC AB206162氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌 CSU 206006 Leptospirillum ferrooxidans CCTCC AB206163氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌 CSU 206008 Leptospirillum ferrooxidans CCTCC AB206164氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌 CSU 206009 Leptospirillum ferrooxidans CCTCC AB207036氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌 CSU 206001 Leptospirillum ferrooxidans CCTCC AB207037氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌 CSU 206007 Leptospirillum ferrooxidans CCTCC AB207038氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌 CSU 206010 Leptospirillum ferrooxidans
CCTCC AB 207044喜温硫杆菌 CSU206027 Acidithiobacillus caldus
CCTCC AB 206175喜温硫杆菌 CSU206026 4c/i¾ o6crd//ws caldus
CCTCC AB 206176喜温硫杆菌 CSU206028 Acidithiobacillus caldus
CCTCC AB207045嗜温硫氧化硫化杆菌 CSU 206 A3Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans CCTCC AB207047金属硫叶菌 CSU 206047 Sulfolobus metallicus
CCTCC AB207046勤奋金属球菌 CSU 206045 Metallosphaera sedula
CCTCC AB206191勤奋金属球菌 CSU 206044 Metallosphaera sedula
CCTCC AB206192勤奋金属球菌 CSU 206046 Metallosphaera sedula
CCTCC AB206219嗜酸菌 CSU 206091 Acidiphilium sp.
CCTCC AB206220嗜酸菌 CSU 206093 Acidiphilium sp.
CCTCC AB206221嗜酸菌 CSU 206094 Acidiphilium sp.
CCTCC AB206222嗜酸菌 CSU 206096 Acidiphilium sp.
CCTCC AB206223嗜酸菌 CSU 206097 Acidiphilium sp.
CCTCC AB206224嗜酸菌 CSU 206099 Acidiphilium sp.
CCTCC AB206225嗜酸菌 CSU 206101 Acidiphilium sp.
CCTCC AB206226嗜酸菌 CSU 206103 Acidiphilium sp. CCTCC AB 207065嗜酸菌 CSU 206092 Acidiphilium sp.
CCTCC AB 207066嗜酸菌 CSU 206095 Acidiphilium sp.
CCTCC AB 207067嗜酸菌 CSU 206098 Acidiphilium sp.
CCTCC AB 207068嗜酸菌 CSU 206100 Acidiphilium sp.
CCTCC AB 207069嗜酸菌 CSU 206102 Acidiphilium sp.
CCTCC AB 207070嗜酸菌 CSU 206104 Acidiphilium sp.
CCTCC AB207048万座酸菌 CSU 206050Acidianus manzae is。
具体过程如下:
首先将浸出所需的微生物分别在 2.5L摇瓶进行适应性培养, 采用每种微生物相应的化 学培养基; 每种微生物均连续传代五次后, 接种到相应的 50L连续扩大培养装置, 采用矿 粉和精矿作混合培养基; 微生物浓度至少达到 l-8xl07 Cell/mL后, 再接种到 5-10吨矿石堆 中, 进行矿堆适应性生长, 使其处于对数生长期, 微生物浓度至少达到 l-8xl06cell/mL后, 接种到 100-500吨矿石堆中, 20-40天后再将矿石堆中的浸出所需的微生物在扩大的培养液 中按照上表进行组合:
实施例 1
块矿堆浸:
铺设好底层和防渗层, 底层为 300-400mm 粒度的粗砂, 在防渗层上面平堆厚度为 200-300mm的预先破碎好的 +5-40mm粒级铜矿石大颗粒块矿作为堆场的缓冲层;缉续将破 碎好的 +5-40mm粒级的铜矿石大颗粒块矿进行薄层筑堆, 每层高度 5-7m, 铺设 4-6层; 先 用 pH值为 0.9-1.2的稀硫酸溶液预先喷淋, 保证浸出液 pH值维持在 1.7-1.9, 浸出液 pH 值稳定 48小时后, 按照 l-8xl06cell/mL接种上述浸矿微生物组合, 开始间歇喷淋生产作业 和通风, 堆浸 270天, 铜的浸出率为 90.11%, 获得铜离子浓度为 2.51g/L的浸出液。
粉矿细菌搅拌浸出:
将破碎好的 -5mm粒级的铜矿石粉矿和浓硫酸、含上述浸矿微生物组合加入到搅拌槽, 液固体积质量比是 2.33L/kg, 使混合溶液中微生物浓度为 l-8xl06cell/mL; 搅拌槽中的混 合溶液中硫酸的质量浓度为 30-45g/L; 搅拌槽体积为 50M3, 室温下恒温搅拌浸出 2h, 搅 拌转速为 60转 /分, 连续作业一个月的平均工艺指标为: 铜的浸出率为 92.32%, 硫酸消耗 为 3.18吨 /吨铜, 获得铜离子浓度为 4.85g/L的浸出液。 两部分浸出液混合进行萃取一电积 工艺作业, 首批获得 99.995%的纯度的阴极电铜。 萃取电积制备电铜具体过程如下, 萃取采用二级萃取一级反萃取; 采用 Lix-984作为 萃取剂, 将浸出液首先注入萃取原液高位槽, 与有机相髙位槽中的萃取剂按相比 0/A 1 :1 自流流进萃取箱两级萃取, 萃取后余液自流至循环池, 泵回矿石堆继续利用浸出; 萃取负 载有机相和反萃剂经一级反萃后, 空载有机相返回重复使用; 萃取余液和电积余液实行全 闭路循环利用; 电积采用艾萨法; 反萃后液经过滤处理自流至电积液循环槽, 经板式换热 器加温到 40-42 后流入电积槽进行电积, 电积贫液返回作反萃剂; 阴极工作周期 7天, 人工剥离阴极铜; 阳极泥一年清洗一次, 用移动泵从槽内抽走。
实施例 2
按照实施例 1的操作块矿堆浸 270天,铜的浸出率为 94.23%,获得铜离子浓度为 3.66g/L 的浸出液。
按照实施例 1的操作粉矿细菌搅拌, 连续作业一个月的平均工艺指标为: 铜的浸出率 为 95.62%, 硫酸消耗为 3.65吨 /吨铜, 获得铜离子浓度为 5.78g/L的浸出液。 两部分浸出 液混合进行萃取一电积工艺作业, 首批获得 99.995%的纯度的阴极电铜。
实施例 3
按照实施例 1的操作块矿堆浸 270天,铜的浸出率为 90.25%,获得铜离子浓度为 2.45g/L 的浸出液。
按照实施例 1的操作粉矿细菌搅拌, 连续作业一个月的平均工艺指标为: 铜的浸出率 为 92.32%, 硫酸消耗为 3.25吨 /吨铜, 获得铜离子浓度为 4.75g/L的浸出液。 两部分浸出 液混合一部分进行萃取一电积工艺作业, 首批获得 99.995%的纯度的阴极电铜。 一部分浸 出液通过置换工艺获得含铜 88%的海绵铜。
获得海绵铜的具体过程如下, 将浸出液初始 pH值调整为 1.5〜2.0之间, 置换前除去 Fe3+, 控制 Fe3+浓度不高于 0.2g/L; 置换终点为 pH值控制在 4.5以下; 搅拌强度为 100〜 150rpm/s; 常温置换, 置换时间 30min。
实施例 4
按照实施例 1的操作块矿堆浸 270天,铜的浸出率为 91.24%,获得铜离子浓度为 2.68g/L 的浸出液。
按照实施例 1的操作粉矿细菌搅拌, 连续作业一个月的平均工艺指标为: 铜的浸出率 为 92.32%, 硫酸消耗为 3.36吨 /吨铜, 获得铜离子浓度为 4.97g/L的浸出液。 两部分浸出 液一部分混合进行萃取一电积工艺作业, 首批获得 99.995%的纯度的阴极电铜。 一部分浸 出液通过置换工艺获得含铜 88%的海绵铜。 实施例 5
表 3铜采矿废石的化学多元素分析, %
Fe Cu Co Ni S Si02 A1203 CaO MgO
6.12 0.87 0.02 6.05 实施例 5
表 4 铜冶炼废渣化学多元素分析, %
Fe Cu Co Cr S Si02 Al CaO MgO
p
54.07 2.35 0.43 0.015 0.61 23.55 1.02 0.11 0.75 实施例 5 粉矿和酸性块状废石生物堆浸: to
铺设 300-400mm的含铜量为 0.09-0.30%的铜矿采矿酸性块状废石作为底层,再覆盖防 渗层, 在防渗层上面平堆 200-300mm厚的粒度为 5mm的铜矿粉矿, 作为堆场的缓冲层, 矿堆实行多层铺设方式,首先铺设第一层铜矿酸性块状废石,用砂浆机泵将质量浓度为 30% 的铜矿尾矿砂泵到废石层上, 使尾矿能够均匀牢固分布在矿层中; 再铺设第二层废石层, 再泵尾矿砂;如此反复,直至矿堆的每层的堆高为 4-6M;堆浸开 t始前期进行硫酸预先喷淋, 保证浸出环境的 pH值维持在 1.7-1.9, 环境的 pH值稳定 24小时后进行上述的浸矿微生物 组合接种, 微生物浓度为 l-8x l06cdI/mL, 进行间歇喷淋, 浸出液备用;
粉矿和细磨铜冶炼炉渣制粒生物堆浸:
粉矿和细磨铜冶炼炉渣制粒时, 首先对铜冶炼炉渣进行破碎和细磨作业, 使其 -0.074mm粒级含量达到 50%以上,采用 35-40g/L的硫酸对 -0.074mm粒级含量达到 70%以 上粉矿和细磨铜冶炼炉渣进行造球制粒,制粒后敞开放置 8-12小时,使其面稳定固化结球; 堆浸开始前期进行硫酸预先喷淋, 保证浸出环境 pH值维持在 1.7-1.9, 环境 pH值稳定 24 小时后进行上述的浸矿微生物组合接种, 微生物浓度为 l-8x l00cell/mL, 进行间歇喷淋, 浸出液备用。
上述粉矿和酸性块状废石, 粉矿和细磨铜冶炼炉渣制粒均堆浸 270天, 铜的浸出率为 85.24%, 获得铜离子浓度为 1.65g/L的浸出液。 浸出液混合进行萃取一电积工艺作业, 首 批获得 99.95%的纯度的阴极电铜。 一部分通过置换工艺获得含铜 87%的海绵铜。

Claims

权 利 要 求
一种铜矿石的生物冶金浸矿微生物组合菌液, 其特征在于, 是将经过适应性培养, 连续扩大培养以及矿石堆适应性培养后的浸出所需的微生物混合, 得到浓度为 l-8xl06cell/mL 的混合菌液, 所述的混合菌液按照单位体积的细胞浓度配比迸行组合: 嗜 酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 30±5.0%、 嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌 15 ± 3.0%、 氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌 30土 5.0%、 喜温硫杆菌 12 ±3.0%、 嗜温硫氧化硫化杆菌 3 ±0.5%、 金属硫叶菌 2±0.5%、 勤奋 金属球菌 3 ±0.5%、 嗜酸菌 3 ±0.5%、 万座酸菌 2±0.5%; 所述的嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌为 16种保藏号为 CCTCC AB 206199、 CCTCC AB 206200、 CCTCC AB 20620 K CCTCC AB 206202、 CCTCC AB 206203、 CCTCC AB 206204、 CCTCC AB 206205、 CCTCC AB 206206、 CCTCC AB 206207、 CCTCC AB 206208 CCTCC AB 207053、 CCTCC AB 207054、 CCTCC AB 207055 、 CCTCC AB 207056 、 CCTCC AB 207057、 CCTCC AB 207058的一种或几种; 嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌为 3种保藏号为 CCTCC AB206195、 CCTCC AB 206196 、 CCTCC AB 206197的一种或几种;氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌为 10种保藏号为 CCTCC AB206158 、 CCTCC AB 206159 、 CCTCC AB 206160 、 CCTCC AB 206161、 CCTCC AB 206162 、 CCTCC AB 206163 , CCTCC AB 206164、 CCTCC AB 207036 > CCTCC AB 207037, CCTCC AB 207038 的一种或几种; 喜温硫杆菌为 3种保藏号为 CCTCC AB207044, CCTCC AB 206175 、 CCTCC AB 206176的一种或几种; 嗜温硫氧化硫化杆菌 CCTCC AB207045、 金属硫叶菌 CCTCC AB207047,勤奋金属球菌为 3种保藏号为 CCTCC AB207046、 CCTCC AB 206191、 CCTCC AB 206192的一种或几种;嗜酸菌为 14种保藏号为 CCTCC AB206219、 CCTCC AB 206220 CCTCC AB 20622 K CCTCC AB 206222 、 CCTCC AB 206223 , CCTCC AB 206224、 CCTCC AB 206225 、 CCTCC AB 206226、 CCTCC AB 207065、 CCTCC AB 207066、 CCTCC AB 207067 、 CCTCC AB 207068 、 CCTCC AB 207069 、 CCTCC AB 207070的一种或几 种; 万座酸菌 CCTCC AB207048。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的浸矿微生物组合菌液, 其特征在于, 所述的矿石堆适应性 培养是在化学培养基中加入 -0.074mm的 2-5%w/v铜矿矿粉或精矿作混合培养基; 微生物 浓度至少达到 l-8xl07ceII/mL后, 再按 l-8x I06ceII/mL接种到 5-10吨矿石堆中, 迸行矿堆 适应性生长, 使其处于对数生长期, 微生物浓度至少达到 l-8x l06cdl/mL 后, 按 l-8xl06cell/mL接种到 100-500吨矿石堆中培养 20-40天。
3、 应用权利要求 1或 2所述的浸矿微生物组合菌液进行铜矿石的生物冶金回收方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤: ( 1 ) 块矿生物堆浸
铺设好底层和防渗层,在防渗层上面平堆厚度为 200-300mm的预先破碎好的 +5-40mm 粒级铜矿石大颗粒块矿作为堆场的缓冲层;继续将破碎好的 +5-40mm粒级的铜矿石大颗粒 块矿进行薄层筑堆, 稀硫酸溶液预先喷淋, 然后按照 l-8xl06cell/mL接种权利要求 1或 2 所述的浸矿微生物组合菌液, 开始间歇喷淋生产作业和通风, 浸出液备用;
(2) 粉矿搅拌细菌生物槽浸
将破碎好的 -5mm粒级的铜矿石粉矿和浓硫酸、 含权利要求 1或 2所述的浸矿微生物 组合菌液加入到搅拌槽, 使混合溶液中微生物浓度为 l-8xl00cell/mL; 在搅拌槽中进行搅 拌浸出, 浸出液备用;
(3 ) 尾矿制粒生物堆浸
首先对铜矿尾矿进行造球制粒, 粒度控制在 10-20mm, 铺设 150-200mm厚的粒度为 5mm的铜矿粉矿作为底层, 再铺设防渗层, 在防渗层上面平堆 200-300mm厚度的粗砂, 作为堆场的缓冲层;然后在缓冲层上对造球制粒后的粒度为 10-20mm的球团状铜矿尾矿进 行铺设筑堆, 堆浸开始前期进行硫酸预先喷淋, 然后接种权利要求 1或 2所述的浸矿微生 物组合菌液, 微生物浓度为 l-8xl06cell/mL, 进行间歇喷淋, 浸出液备用;
(4) 粉矿和酸性块状废石生物堆浸
铺设粒度为 40mm-60mm的含铜量为 0.09-0.3%的铜矿采矿酸性块状废石作为底层,厚 度为 300-400mm; 再覆盖防渗层, 在防渗层上面平堆 200-300mm厚的粒度为 5mm的铜矿 粉矿, 作为堆场的缓冲层, 矿堆实行多层铺设方式, 首先铺设第一层铜矿酸性块状废石, 用砂浆机泵将质量浓度为 30%的铜矿尾矿砂泵到废石层上, 使尾矿能够均匀牢固分布在矿 层中; 再铺设第二层废石层, 再泵尾矿砂; 如此反复, 直至矿堆的每层的堆高为 4-6M; 堆 浸开始前期进行硫酸预先喷淋,然后进行权利要求 1或 2所述的浸矿微生物组合菌液接种, 微生物浓度为 l-8xl06cell/mL, 进行间歇喷淋, 浸出液备用;
(5 ) 粉矿和细磨铜冶炼炉渣制粒生物堆浸
首先对铜冶炼炉渣进行破碎和细磨, 然后与粉矿进行造球制粒, 粒度控制在 20mm, 铺设 150-200mm厚, 粒度为 5mm的粉矿作为底层, 上面再覆盖防渗层, 在防渗层上面平 堆 200-300mm厚度的经过造球制粒的细磨冶炼炉渣与粉矿,作为堆场的缓冲层;然后继续 对经过造球制粒的细磨冶炼炉渣与粉矿进行堆浸, 堆浸开始前期进行硫酸预先喷淋, 然后 进行权利要求 1或 2所述的浸矿微生物组合菌液接种, 微生物浓度为 l-8xl06cell/mL, 进 行间歇喷淋, 浸出液备用; (6) 将上述步骤 (1 ) - (5 ) 得到的一种或几种浸出液萃取电积制备电铜; 或者将上述步 骤 (1 ) - (5) 得到的一种或几种浸出液用铁屑置换获得海绵铜。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的铜矿石的生物冶金回收方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (1 ) 所述 的块矿生物堆浸中, 所述的底层为 300-400mm厚度的粗砂, 所述的破碎好的 +5-40mm粒 级的铜矿石进行薄层筑堆, 每层高度 5-7m, 铺设 4-6层; 先用 pH值为 0.9-1.2的稀硫酸溶 液预先喷淋, 保证浸出液 pH值维持在 1.7-1.9, 浸出液 pH值稳定 48小时后, 接种权利要 求 1或 2所述的浸矿微生物组合菌液。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的铜矿石的生物冶金回收方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (2) 所述 的粉矿搅拌细菌生物槽浸中, 搅拌槽中的混合溶液中硫酸的质量浓度为 30-45g/L; 搅拌转 速为 40-60转 /分;在搅拌过程中还可以利用空压机向搅拌槽中通空气,浸出反应 1-3小时。
6、 根据权利要求 3所述的铜矿石的生物冶金回收方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (3 ) 所述 的尾矿制粒生物堆浸中, 造球制粒时加入 2%的稀硫酸, 粒度控制在 20mm, 堆浸开始前期 进行硫酸预先喷淋, 保证浸出环境 pH值维持在 1.7-1.9, pH值稳定 24小时, 接种权利要 求 1或 2所述的浸矿微生物组合菌液。
7、 根据权利要求 3所述的铜矿石的生物冶金回收方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (4) 所述 的粉矿和酸性块状废石生物堆浸中,堆浸开始前期进行硫酸预先喷淋,保证浸出环境的 pH 值维持在 1.7-1.9,环境的 pH值稳定 24小时后进行权利要求 1或 2所述浸矿微生物组合菌 液接种。
8、 根据权利要求 3所述的铜矿石的生物冶金回收方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (5 ) 所述 的粉矿和细磨铜冶炼炉渣制粒生物堆浸中, 粉矿和细磨铜冶炼炉渣制粒时, 首先对铜冶炼 炉渣进行破碎和细磨作业, 使其 -0.074mm粒级含量不低于 50%, 采用 35-40g/L的硫酸对 其进行造球制粒, 制粒后敞开放置 8-12小时, 使其面稳定固化结球; 堆浸开始前期进行硫 酸预先喷淋, 保证浸出环境 pH值维持在 1.7-1.9, 环境 pH值稳定 24小时后进行权利要求 1或 2所述的浸矿微生物组合菌液接种。
9、 根据权利要求 3所述的铜矿石的生物冶金回收方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (1 ) (3 ) (4) (5) 所述的防渗层均为 lmm-3mm厚度的耐酸的 PVC土工布。
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CN101956071B (zh) * 2010-10-31 2012-04-11 中南大学 一种铜矿石的生物冶金浸矿微生物组合菌液及其回收金属铜的方法
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