WO2011148522A1 - 温室用栽培システム - Google Patents

温室用栽培システム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011148522A1
WO2011148522A1 PCT/JP2010/064110 JP2010064110W WO2011148522A1 WO 2011148522 A1 WO2011148522 A1 WO 2011148522A1 JP 2010064110 W JP2010064110 W JP 2010064110W WO 2011148522 A1 WO2011148522 A1 WO 2011148522A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
greenhouse
accumulator
heat exchanger
cultivation system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2010/064110
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
章 斉藤
孝信 有田
隆人 奈古屋
Original Assignee
株式会社誠和
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2010122536A external-priority patent/JP5830211B2/ja
Application filed by 株式会社誠和 filed Critical 株式会社誠和
Priority to CN2010800669538A priority Critical patent/CN102905514A/zh
Priority to KR1020127030857A priority patent/KR20130023251A/ko
Publication of WO2011148522A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011148522A1/ja

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/18—Greenhouses for treating plants with carbon dioxide or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
    • F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/02—System or Device comprising a heat pump as a subsystem, e.g. combined with humidification/dehumidification, heating, natural energy or with hybrid system
    • F24F2203/021—Compression cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a greenhouse cultivation system.
  • Greenhouses are originally installed for the purpose of promoting the growth of plants in the low temperature period, and have a very high function of converting solar energy into heat. For this reason, even in winter, there is no need for heating during the day when solar radiation is strong, rather, the skylight is opened and exhausted, and the temperature in the greenhouse is lowered by ventilation. And at night when the temperature drops, the heating equipment is operated to heat the inside of the greenhouse and adjust the temperature. However, with regard to such heating control, it is required to reduce fuel costs and electricity costs because of cost savings and environmental protection requirements. On the other hand, in the cultivation of crops, it is always required to increase the yield of crops per unit area and improve profits.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 in the Netherlands, aquifers, which are almost non-moving waters located about 100 m underground, are used to store cold water and hot water storage masses. It has been used as. Heat in the greenhouse heated by solar energy in summer is stored in the aquifer with a heat pump to cool the greenhouse, and in winter, the heat in the aquifer is used to heat the greenhouse with a heat pump.
  • the operation time of the heating facility can be shortened, and the heating cost can be reduced.
  • the ventilation time is short throughout the year, and it is a closed type that does not ventilate with ventilation equipment such as skylights and side windows, Or it can be set as the semi-closed type greenhouse which suppressed the ventilation by ventilation equipment to the minimum necessary.
  • closed or semi-closed greenhouses and actively applying carbon dioxide the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse can be maintained at 2 to 4 times the atmospheric concentration, increasing the photosynthetic rate of crops, The yield can be improved.
  • Non-patent document 2 describes that the photosynthetic rate is increased by increasing the carbon dioxide concentration above the atmospheric concentration.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 can be implemented only in places where such aquifers exist nearby, and is not practical in Japan where there are almost no such aquifers.
  • carbon dioxide can be applied to increase the carbon dioxide concentration and promote photosynthesis in the time period from sunrise to the start of heat dissipation ventilation. There is no mention of keeping it high.
  • This invention is made
  • the greenhouse cultivation system of the present invention is arranged in a greenhouse, and a heat transfer section that promotes heat exchange between the air in the greenhouse and the heat storage body filled therein is provided on the side surface. And a heat pump for transferring heat to a heat storage body in the heat exchanger / heat accumulator.
  • the heat transfer part is made of a plate-like member having a corrugated cross section, and is preferably arranged in a direction in which each valley portion is substantially horizontal to the floor surface, and the heat transfer part has a thermal conductivity of 50 W / ( mk) to 300 W / (mk).
  • the ratio of the height to the cross-sectional width of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator is preferably larger than 1. It is preferable that the heat exchanger / heat accumulator is provided in the greenhouse under a cultivation bed located at a predetermined height from the ground surface. The heat exchanger / heat accumulator is disposed inside the pair of leg members disposed at a predetermined interval in the cross-sectional width direction, and is between the pair of leg members, the heat exchanger / heat accumulator. It is preferable that the beam member is horizontally stretched above and the cultivation bed is supported on the horizontally stretched beam member.
  • a reflective sheet capable of covering the heat transfer portion located on the side surface of the heat exchange / heat accumulator is provided.
  • the reflection sheet is preferably provided so as to be openable and closable at a position spaced apart from the heat transfer section by a predetermined distance so as to cover the heat transfer section and not cover the heat transfer section. It is preferable that a blower conduit capable of supplying carbon dioxide is provided between the heat exchanger / heat accumulator and the reflection sheet.
  • an underground heat storage unit is provided in the ground in the greenhouse, and the heat exchanger / heat storage unit is provided with a bottom surface in contact with the ground, and the bottom surface is between the underground heat storage unit. It is preferable to constitute a heat transfer section capable of heat exchange.
  • the present invention has a configuration in which a heat exchanger / heat accumulator in which a heat transfer part that promotes heat exchange between the air in the greenhouse and the heat accumulator filled therein is provided on the side surface is arranged in the greenhouse. Since the heat transfer part is provided on the side surface of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator, for example, compared with the case where the heat transfer part is provided on the upper surface where the cultivation bed is arranged, a wide contact area with the air in the greenhouse can be secured, Excess heat in the greenhouse in the daytime can be efficiently exchanged through this heat transfer section due to the temperature difference between the heat storage body filled in the heat exchanger / heat accumulator and the air in the greenhouse. As a result, the operating rate of the heat pump can be reduced, contributing to cooling during the daytime, contributing to shortening the ventilation time, and the stored heat can be used for heating at night, and the cooling / heating costs can be greatly reduced.
  • the present invention also includes a heat pump that transfers heat to the heat storage body in the heat exchange / heat storage unit. Therefore, by operating the heat pump according to the room temperature during the day, solar heat can be collected and held in the heat storage body, and the heat stored in the heat storage body can be used for nighttime heating. . Since this invention has not only a heat pump but the above-mentioned heat exchanger / heat accumulator, it collects heat naturally when the temperature of the heat accumulator is lower than room temperature.
  • the heat exchanger / regenerator since the heat exchanger / regenerator is located below the cultivation bed, the weight of the heat exchanger / regenerator can be transmitted directly to the ground, and no special support structure is required. Since it is installed directly on the ground, heat exchange is performed with the ground via the bottom of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator. Thereby, since the underground temperature is stabilized, when the underground heat storage portion is provided, it is not necessary to provide a heat insulating structure that covers the underground heat storage portion, which contributes to a reduction in construction cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an embodiment of a greenhouse cultivation system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the heat exchange / heat accumulator.
  • Fig.3 (a) is sectional drawing which shows an example of the structure of the heat exchanger and heat storage under a cultivation bed, (b) is the enlarged view which showed the structure of the dew condensation toy vicinity.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a part of an aspect in which an underground heat storage unit is provided in addition to the heat exchanger / heat storage provided under the cultivation bed.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator under the cultivation bed and the underground heat storage section.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an embodiment of a greenhouse cultivation system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the heat exchange / heat accumulator.
  • Fig.3 (a) is sectional drawing which shows an example of the structure of the
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a process of controlling the cultivation environment in one day of the greenhouse cultivation system of the embodiment.
  • Drawing 7 is a figure for explaining an example of the cultivation environment control method through the year of the cultivation system for greenhouses of the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B are views showing a mode in which the heat pump is installed outside the greenhouse.
  • the greenhouse cultivation system 1 of the present embodiment is provided inside a greenhouse 10.
  • the greenhouse 10 is made of a steel material and has an outer wall covered with a synthetic resin film or glass.
  • the greenhouse 10 is provided with a skylight, a side window, and the like, and can be ventilated by opening and closing the skylight.
  • a cultivation bed 20 is provided in the greenhouse 10.
  • the cultivation bed 20 is supported on a stand 21 installed at a height of about 1 to 1.5 m from the ground.
  • the gantry 21 includes a pair of leg members 21a and 21b arranged with a predetermined interval in the width direction of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 so as to sandwich a heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 to be described later. And a beam member 23c spanned between the members 21a and 21b, and these are provided at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30.
  • the beam member 23c is formed in a substantially U-shaped cross section, and is provided with holes penetrating in the vertical direction in the vicinity of the end portions of the plate portions facing each other up and down, and leg members 21a and 21b are formed in the hole portions. Is inserted. Since the gantry 21 has such a configuration, when the construction is performed, the beam member 23c is positioned on the ground as a ruler, the leg members 21a and 21b are inserted into the holes and driven, and then the beam member 23c is shifted upward, and the beam member 23c is set horizontally using a level (not shown).
  • the leg members 21a and 21b can be erected vertically, so that the leg members 21a and 21b can be easily constructed, and the beam member 23c has a substantially U-shaped cross section.
  • the cultivation bed 20 is placed along the longitudinal direction on the beam member 23c of the gantry 21 arranged in this way.
  • Such a so-called elevated bed has the merit that the posture of the operator becomes easy, and the gantry 21 of the present embodiment has the simple configuration as described above, but is distorted or bent due to the weight of the cultivation bed 20. Such deformation is not likely to occur.
  • the cultivation bed 20 may be suspended and supported in the greenhouse 10 so as to have a predetermined height from the ground. Further, as proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-254688 by the applicant of the present application, the cultivation bed 20 may be suspended and supported so as to be movable up and down in consideration of workability, sunshine, and the like.
  • the greenhouse cultivation system 1 of the present embodiment is provided in a greenhouse 10 having such a cultivation bed 20 and includes a heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 and a heat pump 50.
  • the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 may be installed at any location in the greenhouse 10, but is preferably installed below the cultivation bed 20 installed at a predetermined height as in the present embodiment. In other words, it is preferable to arrange inside the pair of leg members 21a and 21b constituting the mount 21 and below the beam member 21c. By arranging the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 below the cultivation bed 20, even if the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is provided, the effective cultivation area in the greenhouse 20 is not reduced, and effective use of the space is intended. Can do.
  • the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is installed in a lower space of the gantry 21 and is formed in a substantially rectangular cross section filled with a heat accumulator.
  • the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 of the present embodiment uses water as a heat accumulator (heat medium).
  • a heat transfer unit is provided on the side surface of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 so as to easily scatter radiant heat.
  • the heat transfer section may be the frame itself constituting the heat exchange / heat accumulator 30, or provided so as to surround the outer surface of the frame separately from the frame constituting the heat exchange / heat accumulator 30. It may be a thing.
  • the member itself which forms the side surface of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is configured from a heat transfer plate 32 having a corrugated cross section, and the entire side surface is configured as a heat transfer unit.
  • the heat exchanger / regenerator 30 is preferably formed with a width of 0.3 to 1 m, a length of 30 to 50 m, and a height of 1 to 1.5 m. Accordingly, if about 10 sets per 1000 m 2 of the greenhouse area are arranged in parallel, for example, water of 100 t or more can be retained as a whole, and a large heat energy can be secured even with a slight rise in water temperature. Since it is such a shape, the contact area required for heat exchange with the air in a greenhouse can be ensured largely by making two opposing side surfaces into a heat transfer part.
  • the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is formed in a relationship in which the ratio of height to width is greater than 1, that is, the width is narrower than the height.
  • the width is narrower, natural convection of water as a heat storage body is likely to occur, the water temperature is equalized without unevenness, and the heat exchange efficiency is increased.
  • the heat transfer plate 32 is preferably formed in a cross-sectional wave shape, thereby ensuring a larger contact area required for heat exchange with the air in the greenhouse.
  • the heat transfer plate 32 is arranged in such a direction that each mountain and valley portion is substantially horizontal to the floor surface (ground). As described above, a large amount of water is retained inside, but by arranging in such a direction, deformation of the heat transfer plate due to water pressure is suppressed.
  • the heat transfer plate 32 preferably has a thermal conductivity in the range of 50 W / (mk) to 300 W / (mk).
  • the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 can promote heat exchange between the air in the greenhouse and the heat storage body, and needs to balance heat storage for nighttime heating. Heat exchange with the internal air is difficult to be performed, and if it exceeds this range, the heat retention efficiency is lowered.
  • the thermal conductivity is more preferably in the range of 60 W / (mk) to 100 W / (mk), and in the range of 70 W / (mk) to 90 W / (mk). Further preferred.
  • Examples of the heat transfer plate 32 having a thermal conductivity in the above range include a plate-like member made of an iron plate or an aluminum plate and having a thickness of 0.25 to 1.5 mm.
  • an iron plate having a thickness of 0.25 to 0.8 mm is preferable in consideration of cost in addition to prevention of deformation due to water pressure.
  • the heat transfer plate 32 is made of an iron plate having a thickness of 0.25 to 0.8 mm, in order to provide a desired water pressure resistance, the interval between the apexes of adjacent peaks in the peaks and valleys is 30 to 80 mm, It is preferable that the distance between the apex of the peak and the apex of the valley (valley bottom) is in the range of 7 to 20 mm.
  • the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is formed so as to be surrounded by a side surface constituted by the heat transfer plate 32 and end wall members 35 provided at both ends in the longitudinal direction, and the inner surface of the heat transfer plate 32, the end wall member 35.
  • the inner surface of the sheet and the ground located between the heat transfer plates 32 are covered with a plastic sheet, and water as a heat storage body is filled inside the plastic sheet. Therefore, the bottom surface 36 of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is formed by a plastic sheet located on the ground. Since the bottom surface 36 is a plastic sheet, the heat conductivity is high, and heat exchange with the underground heat storage unit 60 described later is promoted. That is, in the present embodiment, the bottom surface 36 also constitutes a heat transfer unit.
  • a dew condensation toy 40 is disposed along the side surface of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 below the heat transfer plate 32 forming the side surface of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 (see FIG. 3B). .
  • the surface temperature of the heat transfer plate 32 becomes equal to or lower than the dew point temperature of the air, the water vapor is condensed. Re-evaporation can be prevented and condensed water can be reused.
  • the heat transfer part is preferably provided on at least the side surface (heat transfer plate 32) of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30, but not limited to this, the bottom surface 36 can be configured as the heat transfer part as described above.
  • the upper surface of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 can also be configured as a heat transfer section. In the case where the side surface or the upper surface is a heat transfer section, it becomes easy to cause radiant heat to act on the crop of the cultivation bed 20 on the upper side.
  • a reflection sheet 33 that covers the heat transfer plate 32 is provided outside the heat transfer plate 32.
  • a winding shaft 33a disposed substantially parallel to the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is provided on the side of the beam member 23c constituting the gantry 21, and the upper edge of the reflection sheet 33 is wound around the winding shaft 33a.
  • the winding shaft 33a By rotating the winding shaft 33a to wind or rewind, the winding shaft 33a can be opened and closed in the vertical direction.
  • the side surface of the heat exchanger / regenerator 30 is covered with the reflection sheet 33, the temperature of the water in the heat exchanger / regenerator 30 is suddenly increased by sunlight, or excessive radiation from the heat exchanger / regenerator 30 is generated. Can be suppressed.
  • a blower conduit 70 is provided between the heat transfer plate 32 and the reflection sheet 33.
  • the blower conduit 70 is preferably connected to a carbon dioxide generator (not shown) and supplies carbon dioxide by driving a blower fan (not shown).
  • Carbon dioxide is guided to the cultivation bed 20 side through the gap between the heat transfer plate 32 and the reflection sheet 33 by keeping the reflection sheet 33 in a closed state (a state in which the side surface of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is covered). Therefore, it is possible to maintain the carbon dioxide concentration in the vicinity of the crop at a higher concentration than the atmospheric concentration.
  • the carbon dioxide concentration is preferably 2 to 4 times the atmospheric concentration.
  • the heat transfer of the heat transfer plate 32 is promoted, and condensation is generated on the heat transfer plate 32 in a high temperature and high humidity state, thereby contributing to the creation of an optimum crop environment.
  • the heat pump 50 incorporated in the greenhouse cultivation system 1 of this embodiment as another heat collecting device in the greenhouse uses room air as a low-temperature heat source, and water that is a heat storage body (heat medium) of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30. It is characterized by a high temperature side heat source.
  • the heat exchanging unit 30 and the heat exchanging unit 53 of the heat pump 50 are connected by a pipe 51, and the inside of the greenhouse is cooled during the heat pump heat collecting operation during the daytime, and the removed heat is stored in the heat exchanging unit 30. .
  • water that is a heat storage body of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 circulates in the pipe 51, but the loop 51 brine pipe that passes through the pipe 51 is passed through the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30.
  • the heat medium (water) in the brine pipe is heated in the heat exchanger 53, and the heat is transmitted to the heat storage body (water) in the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30. is there.
  • the greenhouse 10 inherently has a high function of converting solar energy into heat, and surplus heat exceeding a set temperature is generated during the day. Usually, the surplus heat is discharged from the ventilation window to discharge the greenhouse. The air in 10 is ventilated to suppress an excessive temperature rise.
  • the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 naturally collects heat until the set temperature is reached, and surplus heat that exceeds the set temperature is discharged by ventilation by operating the heat pump 50 to cool. Excess heat is collected by the heat pump 50, and this heat is further stored in the heat storage body (water) of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 via the heat pump 50.
  • the heat is exchanged by natural heat radiation from the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30, and when necessary, the heat pump 50 is operated to extract heat from the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30, and from the heat pump 50 Warm air is introduced into the greenhouse 10 for heating.
  • the heat storage body (water) in the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is the heat source of the heat pump 50. Therefore, the heating performance declines due to frost formation of an evaporator such as a heat pump that uses air outside the greenhouse as a heat source. There is no need for inefficient defrosting operation of the heat pump. An increase in the nighttime heating load inevitably results in a decrease in the temperature of the heat storage body (water).
  • This temperature drop increases the heat drop between the heat transfer surface temperature of the heat transfer plate 32 of the heat transfer plate 32 and the ambient air temperature in the case of sunny weather the next day, increases the amount of heat collection, and reduces the burden on the heat pump. It becomes a linked effect.
  • the heat storage / heat accumulator 30 and the heat storage body (water) of the heat pump 50 are shared and linked, the ratio of the energy input to the system and the energy acquired by the system The coefficient of performance was remarkably improved compared to the case where each element was operated alone.
  • the actual operation performance coefficient data was about 11, compared with 5 for the operation with only the heat pump.
  • the greenhouse cultivation system 1 of the present embodiment uses the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 and the heat pump 50, the electrical energy required for cooling and heating the greenhouse 10 can be extremely reduced, resulting in energy saving. Even if the ventilation window is opened and the temperature in the greenhouse 10 is lowered by ventilation, the timing for opening the ventilation window etc. is delayed, the total opening time is shortened, Depending on the winter season, it can be completely closed throughout the day. As a result, the carbon dioxide concentration and humidity in the greenhouse required for photosynthesis can be maintained higher than the atmospheric concentration, and the invasion of pests through ventilation windows, etc. will be reduced, and the quality and yield of crops will be improved. be able to.
  • the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is disposed below the cultivation bed 20 as described above. For this reason, the radiation and convection heat of the heat transfer plate 32 are likely to act on the crop. In particular, if the reflection sheet 33 is in a closed state, the radiation and convection heat of the heat transfer plate 32 can be easily applied to the crops grown on the cultivation bed 20 located above the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30. As a result, for example, in winter nights, even if the entire greenhouse 10 does not reach a predetermined temperature, the temperature of the crop and its surroundings can be directly controlled. Therefore, heat exchange / heat storage provided with the heat transfer plate 32 of the present embodiment. Use of the vessel 30 is preferable in terms of energy saving, and further contributes to achievement of high quality crops and high yields.
  • the greenhouse cultivation system 1 of the present embodiment preferably has a structure in which an underground heat storage unit 60 is provided in addition to the heat exchanger / heat storage 30. Since there is a limit to the installation space in the lower space of the cultivation bed 20 where the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is arranged, when only the amount of heat stored in the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is insufficient in capacity, as in this embodiment It is preferable to provide the underground heat storage unit 60 in the ground. In addition, when storing the heat collected by cooling in summer, it is suitable to store the heat in the underground heat storage unit 60 so that the heat does not act on the crop.
  • the underground heat storage unit 60 can be provided outside the floor surface of the greenhouse 10 (the range of the installation area of the greenhouse 10), the heat pump 50 is installed in the greenhouse 10, and the arrangement position of the piping 51, etc. Is preferably provided in the floor of the greenhouse 10, and in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, it is provided directly below the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30.
  • the bottom face 36 of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is formed of a plastic sheet having a high thermal conductivity, and the bottom face 36 also constitutes a heat transfer section.
  • the underground heat storage part 60 is provided directly under the heat exchange / heat storage 30, heat exchange between the two can be promoted. For this reason, the heat stored in the underground heat storage unit 60 can be collected by the heat storage body of the heat exchanger / heat storage 30 and used for nighttime heating or the like.
  • the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is used for heat storage in the daytime and nighttime as described above, the underground heat storage section 60 is in a longer cycle (for example, weekly). Heat storage is also possible.
  • the underground heat storage unit 60 the soil heat storage method is adopted in this embodiment. Soil heat storage is solid sensible heat storage using soil (ground) as a heat storage body. The ground is a semi-infinite continuous solid and may be used as it is, or a method of limiting the heat storage range by providing a heat insulating enclosure may be employed.
  • a brine pipe 52 is connected to the heat pump 50, the brine pipe 52 is disposed directly below the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30, and the heat medium (water) in the brine pipe 52 and the surrounding soil Heat exchange between the two.
  • the heat storage method is not limited, and a water tank may be provided in the basement to store heat in water.
  • the soil heat storage system is suitable from the viewpoint of cost.
  • the brine pipe 52 for the underground heat storage unit 60 is connected to the pipe 51 for the heat exchange / heat storage unit 30 via the switching valve 55.
  • the heat collected by the heat pump 50 is stored in the heat exchanger / heat storage 30 or the underground heat storage unit 60 is determined by the switching valve 55 described above.
  • the heat collected by the heat pump 50 is stored in the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 until it reaches a predetermined temperature, and when it exceeds the predetermined temperature, the underground heat storage unit 60 is switched to store the heat.
  • the heat of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is released until the water temperature of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 reaches a predetermined temperature. It switches so that the heat
  • the switching valve 55 can be operated manually, but the temperature in the greenhouse 10, the temperature of the heat storage body (water) of the heat exchanger / heat storage 30, and the temperature of the heat storage body of the underground heat storage unit 60. It is also possible to perform computer management that measures and automatically switches based on these temperatures.
  • the cooling operation start temperature by the heat pump 50 is set to, for example, room temperature 25 ° C.
  • heat exchange with the air in the greenhouse (passive heat collection) is performed through the heat transfer plate 32 of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 until the room temperature reaches 25 ° C. Heat is collected.
  • the heat storage body gradually rises in water temperature, this passive heat collection makes the room temperature increase rate slower than when the heat exchanger / heat storage unit 30 is not installed.
  • the heat pump 50 starts cooling operation, collects heat (active heat collection), and controls to keep the room temperature at 25 ° C. as much as possible.
  • the heat collected by the heat pump 50 is stored in the heat storage body of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30, and the water temperature of the heat storage body further rises.
  • the cooling operation of the heat pump 50 is stopped.
  • the heat stored in the heat storage body is dissipated through the heat transfer plate 32 (passive heat dissipation).
  • the fall rate of room temperature becomes slower than the case where the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is not installed.
  • a preset heating operation start temperature for example, 15 ° C.
  • the room temperature cannot be controlled to a predetermined temperature (for example, 30 ° C.) even if the heat pump 50 is operated, if the predetermined temperature is exceeded, the skylight is opened to perform ventilation.
  • a predetermined temperature for example, 30 ° C.
  • room temperature control is performed by heat exchange by the heat exchange / heat accumulator 30, and then the heat pump 50 is operated. It is the structure which ventilates only when it cannot control below, and can achieve what is called a semi-closed type cultivation environment with less ventilation time compared with the past.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a specific example of control throughout the year when controlling the indoor environment of the greenhouse using the greenhouse cultivation system 1 of the present embodiment.
  • the temperature cannot be controlled by air conditioning alone during the daytime.
  • the room temperature is lowered by heat exchange by the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30, and when the temperature becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, the refrigerant of the heat pump 50 is exchanged with the water on the brine pipe 52 side through the heat exchanger 53. Control switching.
  • the heat pump 50 is operated and cooled, the heat collected by the cooling is stored in the underground heat storage unit 60. In the case of crops such as strawberries, cool at night during this season.
  • the cooling is operated at night.
  • the temperature of the heat storage body of the heat exchanger / heat storage 30 is not increased during the day. Therefore, heat collected with the cooling of the heat pump 50 during the day is preferentially stored in the underground heat storage unit 60.
  • the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 itself is also cooled, so that the water temperature decreases and the surface temperature of the heat transfer plate 32 also decreases.
  • the surface temperature of the heat transfer plate 32 is lowered, the crop of the cultivation bed 20 disposed immediately above the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is also cooled by radiation and convection heat. Therefore, the night cooling effect can be enhanced.
  • the operating time of the heat pump 50 for cooling the entire greenhouse 10 can be shortened, or the control temperature can be made lower than the night cooling control temperature conventionally performed. It can be set higher, which contributes to energy saving.
  • the same effect as described above can be obtained by replacing the water filled in the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 with groundwater having a low water temperature.
  • the surface temperature of the heat transfer plate 32 of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is lower than the dew point temperature, the water vapor is condensed on the surface of the heat transfer plate 32, the water flows down to the dew condensation tray 40, and the water is recovered. Can be reused.
  • the heat stored in the underground heat storage unit 60 can be used as a heat source for heating as necessary, such as when the temperature becomes abnormally low, even in this season.
  • the greenhouse 10 has a high function to convert solar energy into heat, and the room temperature becomes considerably high even in this season, so especially in mid-October to late November and early March to late June. , There will be times when you have to ventilate the skylight.
  • the heat in the greenhouse 10 is collected by the heat accumulator by heat exchange by the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30, and when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature, the heat pump 50 is operated to collect excess heat in the greenhouse 10. And heat is stored in the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30.
  • the heat capacity of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 is insufficient, specifically, when the temperature of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 exceeds a certain temperature (for example, 25 ° C.), the pipe 51 is changed to the brine pipe 52.
  • the underground heat storage unit 60 stores heat by switching the flow path of the heat medium.
  • the inside of the greenhouse 10 is cooled, and heat is stored in the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 and the underground heat storage section 60, thereby opening the skylight and the like and delaying the time to start ventilation. Accordingly, the time during which carbon dioxide is actively supplied and the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse 10 is maintained higher than the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere (preferably 2 to 4 times that in the atmosphere), The time for maintaining the humidity can be made longer than before.
  • the inside of the greenhouse 10 is heated by natural heat radiation from the heat transfer plate 32 of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30.
  • the heat pump 50 is operated.
  • the heat source of the heat pump 50 uses the heat stored in the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 or the underground heat storage section 60 and releases this heat into the greenhouse 10 to heat the inside of the greenhouse 10. Since the heat stored in the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 or the underground heat storage section 60 is used, the amount of electric energy consumed by the heat pump 50 can be extremely low.
  • the crop is directly warmed by the radiant heat of the heat transfer plate 32 of the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30. Therefore, even if the temperature at the time of heating the whole greenhouse 10 is lower than before, it is possible to obtain a temperature environment sufficient for crops. From this point also, the electric energy consumption of the heat pump 50 should be further reduced. Can do.
  • the coldest period from the beginning of December to the end of February can be cultivated in a closed environment in which ventilation is not performed at all during the day as well as at night, and the period before and after that period is from mid-October to In late November and early March to late June, the plant can be cultivated in a semi-enclosed environment with a shorter ventilation time than before, thereby maintaining the carbon dioxide concentration required for photosynthesis higher than the atmospheric concentration.
  • the invasion of pests from the skylight is reduced, and the crop quality and yield can be increased.
  • the heat pump 50 is provided in the greenhouse 10.
  • the heat pump 50 is installed outside the greenhouse 10, and the air blower 50 a is connected to the greenhouse 10 for cooling.
  • a pipe 51 is provided between the heat exchanger / heat accumulator 30 and the heat exchanging part of the heat pump 50 so that the heat accumulator (water) can pass therethrough.
  • the heat pump 50 collects outside air, applies heat to the water in the pipe 51, and supplies cold air into the greenhouse 10 from the blower 50 a.
  • the heat pump 50 can be installed outside the greenhouse 10, and not only the blowing unit 50 a but also the heat collecting unit 50 b can be connected to the greenhouse 10.
  • the heat exchange efficiency is the same as that of the above embodiment, but the air blowing unit 50a, the heat collecting unit 50b, and the greenhouse The equipment cost etc. accompanying the connection with 10 increase compared with the said embodiment.
  • the greenhouse cultivation system according to the present invention can be used in the field of horticulture that produces crops with high profitability because the greenhouse can be air-conditioned with energy saving.

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PCT/JP2010/064110 2010-05-28 2010-08-20 温室用栽培システム WO2011148522A1 (ja)

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WO2015028470A1 (de) * 2013-08-29 2015-03-05 Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin Wärmetauschereinrichtung für ein gewächshaus
CN107976098A (zh) * 2017-12-12 2018-05-01 苏州科技大学 一种新型空气循环式相变蓄热装置

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CN104244703B (zh) * 2013-03-08 2017-01-18 松下知识产权经营株式会社 植物栽培中的空气调节装置
KR102230519B1 (ko) * 2014-06-10 2021-03-23 주성엔지니어링(주) 작물 생장을 위한 광량 조절 장치
JP5942073B1 (ja) * 2015-05-15 2016-06-29 ネイチャーダイン株式会社 植物栽培装置
JP6744647B2 (ja) * 2017-12-07 2020-08-19 プランツラボラトリー株式会社 植物栽培用ハウス
WO2021205833A1 (ja) * 2020-04-09 2021-10-14 パナソニック株式会社 温度制御方法、温度制御装置、温度制御プログラム及び温度制御システム

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JPH0739362U (ja) * 1993-12-28 1995-07-18 株式会社誠和 植物栽培用ベッド
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CN107976098A (zh) * 2017-12-12 2018-05-01 苏州科技大学 一种新型空气循环式相变蓄热装置

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