WO2010147069A1 - 表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010147069A1 WO2010147069A1 PCT/JP2010/060008 JP2010060008W WO2010147069A1 WO 2010147069 A1 WO2010147069 A1 WO 2010147069A1 JP 2010060008 W JP2010060008 W JP 2010060008W WO 2010147069 A1 WO2010147069 A1 WO 2010147069A1
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- zirconia
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- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccc(C)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(C)cc1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G25/00—Compounds of zirconium
- C01G25/02—Oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles and a method for producing the same. More specifically, zirconia nanoparticles having a surface modifier having a role of enabling stable dispersion in a desired solvent on the surface of zirconia nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of about 1 to 20 nm and having a high refractive index and high strength.
- the present invention relates to a solvent-dispersible surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particle having a structure that can be easily replaced with a desired surface modifier.
- titania nanocrystals have been developed and used in various fields by paying attention to the property of high refractive index.
- a silicone resin used as an LED sealing material is excellent in heat resistance and light resistance, but has a problem of low refractive index and low light extraction efficiency from the LED.
- we aim to improve the refractive index by synthesizing titania nanocrystals that have been made oleophilic by surface modification to produce a composite with a silicone resin Patent Document 1.
- zirconia nanocrystals have been developed and used for various purposes such as eyeglass lens hard coat agents and abrasives, focusing on the characteristics of high refractive index and high strength.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a method for synthesizing zirconia nanocrystals exhibiting high dispersibility in an organic solvent is known (Non-Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 2).
- the nanoparticle described in Patent Document 1 has an integrated structure because the coating portion covering the nanoparticle surface and the surface modifier for solvent dispersibility originate from the same raw material. . Therefore, when trying to apply to various purposes, there is a problem that the selection range of the surface modifier on the surface of the titania nanocrystal is narrow.
- titania nanocrystals exhibit a photochromism that changes from blue to blue when irradiated with ultraviolet light, the visible light transmittance changes significantly. For this reason, it turned out that the composite using a titania nanocrystal is unsuitable as a LED sealing material. Because of these problems, zirconia nanocrystals can be substituted for titania nanocrystals as a high refractive index / high strength material.
- a highly transparent composite can be realized by “surface modification so as not to aggregate” “small-sized nanoparticles”.
- the kind of surface modifier on the surface of the nanoparticle for realizing the “highly transparent composite” is determined between the binder material and the binder material.
- a surface modifier having a functional group for bonding at the end is selected as the surface modifier of the nanoparticle surface, and the functional group that binds to this It is possible to fix the substrate-nanoparticles by chemical bonds by modifying the surface modifier having This method is capable of depositing only one layer of nanoparticles on the substrate surface, and has attracted attention in many fields.
- zirconia nanoparticles with specific surface modifiers were conventionally synthesized individually, so when the type of surface modifier required changed, the synthesis method was examined each time (the raw material Selection and selection of conditions). Depending on the type of surface modifier, there were cases where restrictions were imposed at the stage of raw material selection. Moreover, even if zirconia nanoparticles having the target surface modifier can be synthesized, the obtained one has low stability and is often not practical.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses that a zirconium alkoxide is hydrolyzed in a basic aqueous solution in the presence of oleic acid to prepare a precursor having a Zr—O—Zr bond and then heated at 280 ° C. A method for producing a zirconia nanocrystal having a diameter of about 2 nm is described.
- Non-Patent Document 1 since heating is performed at a high temperature of 100 ° C. during the preparation of the precursor and 280 ° C. during the subsequent nanocrystal production, only carboxylic acids such as oleic acid that do not react or decompose under these conditions can be applied. Yes, there are large selection restrictions. In particular, it is an unsuitable method when it is desired to introduce a specific surface modifier, for example, a molecule having a reactive functional group, onto the nanocrystal surface.
- a specific surface modifier for example, a molecule having a reactive functional group
- the obtained nanocrystal has a cubic crystal structure, it is considered that the crystallinity of the nanocrystal is low from the published XRD pattern, and material characteristics (high refractive index, high strength, etc.) ) Cannot be expected.
- Non-Patent Document 2 describes a method of producing zirconia nanocrystals by anhydrous sol-gel reaction using zirconium tetraisopropoxide and zirconium tetrachloride as raw materials. It is described that TOPO (trioctylphosphine oxide) used as a solvent becomes a surface modifier of zirconia nanocrystals and can be dispersed in a nonpolar solvent such as toluene.
- TOPO trioctylphosphine oxide
- the zirconia nanocrystal obtained by the method of Non-Patent Document 2 exhibits a dark green color due to electron donation from the surface modifier TOPO to zirconia, and is unsuitable for optical use. Moreover, the reaction conditions of 340 ° C. and 2 hours are necessary, which is not a preferable method in terms of safety and manufacturing cost. Furthermore, the anhydrous sol-gel reaction of Non-Patent Document 2 involves the generation of 2-chloropropane, which has been pointed out as an ozone depleting substance, and is difficult to employ as a production method.
- Non-Patent Document 3 describes a method of producing a solvent-dispersible zirconia nanocrystal by synthesizing a non-solvent zirconia nanocrystal and then surface-modifying the nanocrystal surface.
- surface modifier 3- trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate with vinyl group using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent for non-dispersible zirconia nanocrystals obtained by the benzyl alcohol decomposition method developed by the authors ( MPS), ethyl 3,4-dihydroxycinnamate (EDHC), allylmalonic acid (AMA), and trimethylolpropane monoallyl ether (TMPMA) are used to optimize the concentration of the surface modifier, thereby providing solvent-dispersible zirconia.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- Non-Patent Document 3 is characterized by the decomposition method of benzyl alcohol, which is an anhydrous system, and is characterized in that the surface of the produced zirconia nanocrystals is covered with molecules derived from benzyl alcohol (the usual sol-gel method is a hydroxyl group). This makes it possible to modify with surface modifiers.
- Non-Patent Document 3 the benzyl alcohol decomposition method of Non-Patent Document 3 is problematic in that it uses a large amount of benzyl alcohol having a boiling point close to 200 ° C. and that the raw material zirconium alkoxide is expensive, and is not suitable for mass production. .
- Non-Patent Document 3 reports that the concentration of zirconia nanocrystals in a THF solvent is as low as about 1% by mass and that solvent dispersibility has been obtained, nanocrystals intended for mixing into polymers and the like However, it cannot be said that it has sufficient functions.
- a nanocrystal dispersion liquid was obtained, since the surface modifier was simply added, the dispersion liquid contains free modified molecules that are not bound to the nanocrystal surface. it is conceivable that. It is necessary to isolate the nanocrystals from this dispersion for use in various applications (for example, composite production), but the surface modifier is detached from the nanocrystal surface during the isolation operation, resulting in loss of dispersibility.
- the present invention has been made to solve such problems, and the object of the present invention is to produce surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles having a highly stable solvent dispersibility, which can be produced by a simple method, and a method thereof.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles that can be produced.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles having a structure in which the surface modifier on the surface of the zirconia nanoparticles can be easily substituted with a functional group in accordance with the purpose of use, and to easily produce the same.
- the object is to provide a method for producing surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles.
- the present inventor obtained the following knowledge as a result of intensive studies to achieve the above-mentioned object.
- the agglomerated state is a state in which —OH groups are bonded to each other.
- the modifier to be substituted cannot enter three-dimensionally, and the modifier on the surface of the zirconia nanocrystal is replaced with another modifier. Difficult to do. That is, for qualifier substitution, zirconia nanocrystals excellent in solvent dispersibility are required.
- the zirconia surface can have both acid and base properties
- the present invention focuses on the fact that the zirconia surface can have weak basicity. Since the surface of the zirconia nanocrystal has a “weak base” property, it is considered that it can be easily replaced with other modifiers by selecting modifiers that can be ion-bonded to it.
- an organic sulfonyloxy group particularly an arylsulfonyloxy group (which may have a substituent on the aromatic ring) is effective.
- zirconia nanocrystals and surface modifiers can be interpreted as “strong acid-weak base” ionic bonds. Therefore, paying attention to the fact that it can be easily replaced by a salt exchange reaction by using “acid weaker than sulfonic acid” and a strong base salt, further research has been conducted, and organic sulfonyloxy group modifiers can be easily It was found that the carbonyloxy group can be substituted.
- the surface modifier is a group derived from a weak acid moiety in “organic sulfonyloxy group” to a weak acid residue (“weak acid strong base salt”, It can be easily substituted with a group that has an ionic bond with the surface of the zirconia nanocrystal.
- acid weaker than sulfonic acid includes carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid ester (monoester / diester), organic phosphonic acid / phosphinic acid, and phenols.
- carboxylic acids are easy to handle and easy to obtain, so there is a wide range of choice of modifiers, phosphonic acids, phosphinic acids, phosphate esters are thermally stable, phenols Is easy to handle.
- the present invention has been completed based on such knowledge.
- the surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles are obtained by surface-modifying zirconia nanoparticles with an organic sulfonyloxy group.
- the organic sulfonyloxy group is preferably an alkylsulfonyloxy group that may have a substituent.
- the organic sulfonyloxy group is preferably an arylsulfonyloxy group that may have a substituent on the aromatic ring.
- the arylsulfonyloxy group is preferably a p-toluenesulfonyloxy group.
- the present invention provides: The surface modifier in the surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles is substituted with the weak acid residue from an organic sulfonyloxy group using a salt composed of a weak acid and a strong base rather than a sulfonic acid. This is a method for producing surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles.
- the present invention provides: A method for producing zirconia nanocrystal particles surface-modified with a carbonyloxy group, wherein the surface modifier in the surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles is substituted with a carbonyloxy group.
- the present invention provides: A method for producing zirconia nanocrystal particles modified with an organic phosphoryl group, wherein the surface modifier in the surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles is substituted with an organic phosphoryloxy group.
- the surface modifier in the surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles is preferably substituted with an organic phosphoryloxy group using organic phosphonic acid or organic phosphinic acid.
- the present invention provides: A method for producing zirconia nanocrystal particles surface-modified with an aryloxy group, wherein the surface modifier in the surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles is substituted with an aryloxy group.
- highly stable surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles can be produced by a simple method.
- the surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles of the present invention have a surface modifier having a structure that can be easily substituted with a desired functional group on the surface, so that the necessary surface modifier differs depending on the purpose of use. In this case, it is not necessary to manufacture each surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particle for each surface modifier, and it can be obtained by a simple method of functional group substitution.
- the surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles of the present invention are characterized in that the zirconia nanoparticles are surface-modified with an organic sulfonyloxy group.
- the organic sulfonyloxy group is preferably an arylsulfonyloxy group which may have a substituent on the aromatic ring, and examples thereof include a benzenesulfonyloxy group and a p-toluenesulfonyloxy group.
- the p-toluenesulfonyloxy group (sometimes abbreviated as PTSH), which is a residue of sulfonic acid, is particularly preferred because it is chemically stable and is easy to handle because it is a solid powder.
- PTSH-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles have a structure represented by the following formula (1).
- the surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles of the present invention described above are produced by reacting a zirconia precursor and an organic sulfonic acid at a low temperature of 100 to 240 ° C. in an organic solvent. be able to.
- a zirconia precursor is reacted with an organic sulfonic acid, preferably an aryl sulfonic acid such as benzenesulfonic acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid, particularly preferably p-toluenesulfonic acid, in a suitable organic solvent.
- organic sulfonyloxy-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles particularly preferably PTSH-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles are formed.
- zirconyl chloride tetraalkoxyzirconium, and the like can be used as the zirconia precursor used in this case, but from the viewpoint of chemical stability and easy handling, low cost, and reactivity, zirconyl chloride is Zirconyl chloride octahydrate (ZrOCl 2 ⁇ 8H 2 O) is particularly preferable.
- the molar ratio of Zr to p-toluenesulfonic acid in the zirconia precursor is preferably 8: 1 to 1: 2. If the proportion of p-toluenesulfonic acid is less than the above range, the dispersibility of the PTSH-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles may be lowered. A more preferred molar ratio of Zr to p-toluenesulfonic acid is in the range of 4: 1 to 1: 1.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as PTSH-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles can be effectively formed.
- a mixed solvent of ethanol and triethyl orthoformate can be preferably used.
- the organic solvent As the organic solvent, the above-mentioned mixed solvent of ethanol and triethyl orthoformate is used as the zirconia precursor, the above zirconyl chloride octahydrate is used as the organic sulfonyloxy group raw material (organic sulfonic acid), and the above p-toluenesulfonic acid is used.
- the reaction is preferably carried out in a pressurized vessel at a temperature of 100 to 240 ° C., more preferably 120 to 200 ° C.
- the reaction time depends on the reaction temperature, the amount of the organic sulfonic acid, etc. and cannot be generally determined, but is usually about 8 to 120 hours, preferably 12 to 60 hours.
- generated by reaction time can be selected.
- the optimal reaction time varies depending on the raw material concentration, the molar ratio of the zirconia precursor to the organic sulfonic acid, and the reaction temperature, but tetragonal zirconia nanocrystals are produced when the reaction temperature is shortened, and monoclinic zirconia nanocrystals are produced when the reaction time is increased.
- Tetragonal zirconia nanocrystals have a higher refractive index than monoclinic zirconia nanocrystals, and monoclinic zirconia nanocrystals appear to be chemically more stable than tetragonal zirconia nanocrystals. Each can be made according to the intended use.
- the solvent in the reaction solution is preferably distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain PTSH-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles having a structure represented by the formula (1).
- the PTSH-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles are obtained as a white powder and can be redispersed in an organic solvent such as methanol or methylene chloride, thereby obtaining a colorless and transparent zirconia nanocrystal particle dispersion.
- the zirconia nanocrystal and the surface modifier can be interpreted as “strong acid-weak base” ionic bonds. Therefore, by using a salt of a “stronger acid than sulfonic acid” and a strong base, it can be easily replaced by a salt exchange reaction.
- a salt of a “stronger acid than sulfonic acid” and a strong base it can be easily replaced by a salt exchange reaction.
- carboxylic acid, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, phosphoric acid ester, and weak acids of phenols are preferable.
- substituting a modifier it can be replaced by using a sodium salt, potassium salt, or the like of the weak acid.
- an alkali such as sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide is added (a salt is generated in the modifier substitution reaction system), and the same reaction as when a weak acid salt is used is performed.
- a volume ratio of a suitable organic solvent such as methanol and methylene chloride is about 9: 1 to 1: 9, preferably 7: 3 to 5: 5 (depending largely on the type of carboxylic acid,
- a dispersion liquid is prepared by dispersing organic sulfonyloxy surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles in a mixed solvent (as general carboxylic acid alkali salts are insoluble in a small polar solvent).
- the concentration of the crystal grains is about 0.5 to 15 mmol / 10 ml, preferably 2 to 8 mmol / 10 ml as Zr.
- carboxylic acid is added to this dispersion at a ratio of about 0.5 to 4 mol, preferably 1 to 2 mol per mol of organic sulfonic acid (for example, p-toluenesulfonic acid) used for the synthesis of zirconia nanocrystals.
- organic sulfonic acid for example, p-toluenesulfonic acid
- sodium carbonate is added at a ratio of about 0.25 to 2 mol, preferably 0.5 to 1 mol, and stirred at room temperature for about 8 to 48 hours, preferably 12 to 48 hours.
- a poor solvent such as methanol
- solid-liquid separation means such as centrifugation
- the resulting precipitate is recovered as good as toluene. It is redispersed in a solvent, and the same methanol washing as described above is repeated several times.
- the carbonyloxy surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles are obtained by filtering the toluene dispersion to remove sodium carbonate.
- carboxylic acid it is possible to use capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and the like, as well as carboxylic acids having various functional groups. Since the substitution reaction of the surface modifier of the present invention proceeds even at room temperature, it is particularly effective for introducing a highly reactive carbonyloxy group to the surface of the zirconia nanocrystal particles. That is, the present invention is particularly effective when the surface modifier on the nanoparticle surface is substituted with a carbonyloxy group having a reactive functional group.
- a carboxylic acid having a polymerizable alkenyl group or alkynyl group can be used in addition to the thermally stable aliphatic carboxylic acid.
- a carboxylic acid having a reactive functional group such as a hydroxyl group, amino group, thiol group, carbonyl group, nitrile group, ester group or amide group.
- a carboxylic acid having only a functional group having a particularly low polarity is preferred because the zirconia nanocrystals substituted with the surface modifier are not uniformly dispersed in a highly polar solvent such as methanol, so that the purification process is simple.
- qualifier substitution is performed using a carboxylic acid having only a low-polar functional group by the above method.
- a carboxylic acid having a small number of bonds to the particle surface and high dispersion stability is preferred, and a carboxylic acid having a branched structure, particularly 2-ethylhexanoic acid is preferred.
- the obtained surface-modified nanocrystals are repeatedly washed with methanol several times in the same manner as described above to remove the organic sulfonate as a by-product and disperse in toluene.
- the highly polar functional group is put into a mixed solvent of a nonpolar solution and a polar solution, for example, a mixed solvent of 1: 1 volume ratio of toluene and butanol.
- a mixed solvent of 1: 1 volume ratio of toluene and butanol for example, a mixed solvent of 1: 1 volume ratio of toluene and butanol.
- Add a large excess of the carboxylic acid about 5 times the amount of 2-ethylhexanoic acid
- heat to reflux for about 1 hour Zirconia nanocrystal particles substituted with a carbonyloxy group having a highly polar functional group can be dispersed in a highly polar solvent, but are difficult to disperse in a nonpolar solvent.
- examples of the reactive substituent include a substituent having a polyorganosiloxane (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as POS) chain.
- POS polyorganosiloxane
- the above modifier substitution reaction can be represented by the following reaction formula (a) when the organic sulfonyloxy surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles are PTSH surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles.
- R is a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.
- line type broken line, double line, etc.
- bonds between the two oxygen atoms that form a bond with the particle surface and the particle surface may be equivalent to each other, and the same applies to the following chemical formula.
- examples of the carbonyloxy surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles represented by the formula (3) include the following formula (3-a)
- n represents the number of dimethylsiloxane units
- m represents the carbon number of the aliphatic group in the aliphatic monocarbonyloxy group.
- zirconia nanocrystal particles whose surface is modified with an aliphatic monocarbonyloxy group having a polydimethylsiloxane chain represented by the formula (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PDMS-carbonyloxy group).
- n is usually about 4 to 100, and m is usually about 2 to 18.
- the zirconia nanocrystal particles surface-modified with PDMS-carbonyloxy group represented by the formula (3-a) are suitably used as one component of a silicone-based composite material useful as an LED (light emitting diode) sealing material. It is done.
- organic phosphoryloxy surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles By replacing the surface modifier (organic sulfonyloxy group) in the organic sulfonyloxy surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles described above with an organic phosphoryloxy group, organic phosphonyloxy surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles can be produced.
- organic phosphonic acid or phosphinic acid When organic phosphonic acid or phosphinic acid is used, the same method as carboxylic acid can be used, but when using acid as it is, basicity is stronger than sodium carbonate because sodium carbonate is not basic enough. It is preferable to add sodium hydroxide.
- organic phosphonic acids having various functional groups such as a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a thiol group, and a nitrile group can be used as well as those having an alkyl group or a phenyl group such as phenylphosphonic acid.
- organic phosphoryloxy surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles represented by the following formula (5) or formula (6) can be obtained.
- R 1 represents a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent
- R 2 represents a hydrocarbon group or a hydroxyl group which may have a substituent.
- phosphoric acid ester when a phosphoric acid ester is used, the same technique as when using the carboxylic acid described above can be employed.
- phosphoric acid esters phosphoric acid monoesters and phosphoric acid diesters are preferable, and phosphoric acid esters having alkyl groups or phenyl groups, such as monododecyl phosphate, phenyl phosphoric acid, and diphenyl phosphate, as well as hydroxyl groups, amino groups, and thiol groups.
- phosphate esters having various functional groups such as a nitrile group can be used.
- organic phosphoryloxy surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles represented by the following formula (7) or formula (8) can be obtained.
- R 1 hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent R 3 represents a may have a substituent a hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen atom.
- Aryloxy surface modified zirconia nanocrystal particles By replacing the surface modifier (organic sulfonyloxy group) in the organic sulfonyloxy surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles described above with an aryloxy group, aryloxy surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles can be produced.
- polyhydric phenols such as divalent catechol, resorcin, hydroquinone, orcin, urushiol, trivalent pyrogallol, phloroglucin, and hydroxyhydroquinone can be used as well as phenol. It is also possible to use phenols possessed.
- aryloxy surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles represented by the following formula (9) or formula (10) can be obtained.
- R 4 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, hydroxyl group or hydrogen atom.
- the surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles produced in this way are easily dispersed in a polymer.
- a polymer which is an optical resin
- the cycloolefin polymer and zirconia nanocrystal particles have a refractive index depending on temperature. Therefore, the effect of offsetting the decrease in the refractive index of the cycloolefin polymer due to the temperature increase by the increase in the refractive index of the zirconia nanocrystal particles can be expected.
- the silicone-based composite material used for the LED encapsulant and the like preferably contains a zirconia nanocrystal particle having a high refractive index in a highly dispersed state in a crosslinked and cured silicone resin matrix. Used.
- POS-carbonyloxy group aliphatic monocarbonyloxy group having a polyorganosiloxane chain
- Surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles can be used.
- zirconia nanocrystal particles surface-modified with the POS-carbonyloxy group, preferably PDMS-carbonyloxy group have a siloxane unit in the modifier, in the thermosetting silicone resin obtained by crosslinking and curing, Disperses very well and stably.
- the content of the surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles is preferably 5 to 80% by mass, more preferably 10 to 50% by mass as ZrO 2 from the viewpoint of improving the refractive index and dispersibility.
- the silicone composite material can be efficiently produced by the following method.
- a mixed solution comprising (a) a thermosetting silicone resin, an organic solvent dispersion of zirconia nanocrystal particles surface-modified with the POS-carbonyloxy group, preferably PDMS-carbonyloxy group, and a curing catalyst. (B) a step of distilling off the solvent in the mixed solution, and (c) a step of heat-treating the mixture after distilling off the solvent to crosslink and cure the thermosetting silicone resin.
- the silicone composite material can be obtained efficiently.
- thermosetting silicone resin used in the step (a) a mixture of an addition reaction type silicone resin and a silicone-based crosslinking agent can be used.
- the addition reaction type silicone resin include at least one selected from polyorganosiloxane having an alkenyl group as a functional group in the molecule.
- Preferred examples of the polyorganosiloxane having an alkenyl group as a functional group in the molecule include polydimethylsiloxane having a vinyl group as a functional group, polydimethylsiloxane having a hexenyl group as a functional group, and a mixture thereof. .
- silicone-based crosslinking agent examples include polyorganosiloxane having at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in one molecule, specifically, a dimethylhydrogensiloxy group end-capped dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane copolymer, Examples thereof include trimethylsiloxy group-end-capped dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane copolymer, trimethylsiloxane group-end-capped poly (methylhydrogensiloxane), and poly (hydrogensilsesquioxane).
- platinum compounds are usually used as the curing catalyst.
- the platinum compound include fine platinum, fine platinum adsorbed on a carbon powder carrier, chloroplatinic acid, alcohol-modified chloroplatinic acid, olefin complexes of chloroplatinic acid, palladium, rhodium catalyst, and the like. .
- thermosetting silicone resin an organic solvent dispersion of zirconia nanocrystal particles surface-modified with the POS-carbonyloxy group, preferably PDMS-carbonyloxy group, and the curing catalyst
- step (b) the solvent in the mixture is distilled off to obtain a colorless and transparent zirconia nanocrystal particle-containing silicone resin dispersion containing high viscosity.
- step (c) the silicone resin dispersion is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of 100 to 200 ° C. for about 1 to 12 hours to crosslink and cure the thermosetting silicone resin. A composite material is obtained.
- the silicone-based composite material thus obtained is transparent, and the refractive index depends on the content of zirconia nanocrystal particles, but is usually about 1.4 to 1.6.
- Zirconium oxide chloride octahydrate (ZrOCl 2 ⁇ 8H 2 O, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.) 1.29 g (4 mmol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.) 190 mg (1 mmol) were added to ethanol (Wako Pure). It was dissolved in a mixed solvent of 20 ml of Yakuhin Kogyo) and 5 ml of triethyl orthoformate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical).
- This solution was filled in a pressurized container (made of stainless steel with a 50 ml Teflon (registered trademark) inner cylinder), heated in an oven at 170 ° C. for 40 hours, allowed to cool to room temperature, and then the pressurized container was released. At this time, the reaction solution was colorless and transparent, and no precipitation was observed.
- a pressurized container made of stainless steel with a 50 ml Teflon (registered trademark) inner cylinder
- Example 2 By performing the same operation as in Example 1 except that 82 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of ethanesulfonic acid (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used instead of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate, white to slightly yellowish zirconia nanocrystals were obtained. 600 mg of powder was obtained. When 5 ml of methanol was added to the obtained powder, it was uniformly redispersed, and a uniformly dispersed solution of zirconia nanocrystals was obtained.
- ethanesulfonic acid manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- the product was the same as in Example 1 (the ethanesulfonyl group was chemically bonded to the nanocrystal surface, the crystal form was a tetragonal zirconium oxide crystal, and the diameter was 2 to 3 nm. Of microcrystals).
- Example 1 except that 1.31 g (4 mmol) of zirconium tetraisopropoxide (manufactured by Kanto Chemical) was used instead of zirconium oxide chloride octahydrate and only 25 ml of ethanol (no triethyl orthoformate) was used as the solvent. By performing the same operation, 669 mg of zirconia nanocrystal white powder was obtained. The obtained powder was uniformly redispersed in 6 ml of a methanol / methylene chloride mixed solvent (volume ratio 1: 1) to obtain a uniformly dispersed solution of zirconia nanocrystals.
- a methanol / methylene chloride mixed solvent volume ratio 1: 1
- ICP-AES inductively coupled plasma atomic emission
- Example 5 Substitution modifier substitution of surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles (example of PTSH ⁇ lauric acid residue)
- the Zr / S composition ratio of the zirconia nanocrystal particles was measured by elemental analysis using ICP-AES.
- the zirconia nanocrystal portion was not changed from the nanocrystal obtained in Example 1 (the crystal form was a tetragonal zirconium oxide crystal, a microcrystal having a diameter of 2 to 3 nm). Confirmed).
- the aqueous layer was further extracted twice with ether.
- the entire ether extract layer was washed twice with pure water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then ether was distilled off with an evaporator, whereby lauric acid could be recovered.
- Example 6 Modifier substitution of surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles (example of PTSH ⁇ 4-vinylbenzoic acid residue)
- Example 5 Except for using 148 mg (1 mmol) of 4-vinylbenzoic acid instead of lauric acid, the same procedure as in Example 5 was performed to obtain zirconia nanocrystals surface-modified with a carbonyloxy group having a vinylphenyl group introduced on the surface. Produced.
- the surface modifier on the surface of the zirconia nanocrystal particles is changed from PTSH to 4-vinylbenzoic acid residue (C 2 H 3 C 6 H 5 COO-group: 4-vinylbenzoyloxy group). It was confirmed that it was replaced. It was confirmed by IR measurement that the vinylphenyl group was introduced on the zirconia nanocrystal surface without being decomposed. Furthermore, as a result of observation by XRD and TEM, the zirconia nanocrystal portion was not changed from the nanocrystal obtained in Example 1 (the crystal form was a tetragonal zirconium oxide crystal, a microcrystal having a diameter of 2 to 3 nm). Confirmed).
- a carbonyloxy group can be easily introduced onto the nanoparticle surface even when a carboxylic acid having a reactive functional group is used as in this example.
- Example 7 Qualifier substitution of surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles (example of ethanesulfonyloxy group ⁇ lauric acid residue)
- Example 2 By using the zirconia nanocrystal obtained in Example 2 in place of the zirconia nanocrystal obtained in Example 1 and using 10 ml of methanol as a reaction solvent, the same operation as in Example 5 was performed, whereby laurin Zirconia nanocrystal particles surface-modified with an acid residue (C 11 H 23 COO— group) were obtained.
- the surface modifier on the surface of the zirconia nanocrystal particles was substituted from PTSH to a lauric acid residue (C 11 H 23 COO— group: lauroyloxy group). Further, it was confirmed by IR measurement that the lauric acid residue (C 11 H 23 COO— group) modified the surface of the nanocrystal particle. Further, as a result of observation by XRD and TEM, the zirconia nanocrystal portion was not changed from the nanocrystal obtained in Example 2 (the crystal form was a tetragonal zirconium oxide crystal, a microcrystal having a diameter of 2 to 3 nm). Confirmed).
- Example 8 Substitution modifier substitution of surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles (example of PTSH ⁇ lauric acid residue)
- Lauric acid residue-modified zirconia nanocrystals were synthesized by the same operation as in Example 5 except that 222 mg (1 mmol) of sodium laurate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical) was used instead of lauric acid and sodium carbonate.
- the lauric acid residue (C 11 H 23 COO— group) modified the surface of the nanocrystal particle.
- the zirconia nanocrystal portion was not changed from the nanocrystal obtained in Example 1 (the crystal form was a tetragonal zirconium oxide crystal, a microcrystal having a diameter of 2 to 3 nm). Confirmed).
- a lauric acid residue (C 11 H) was obtained by performing the same operation as in Example 5 except that the monoclinic zirconia nanocrystal obtained in Example 4 was used instead of the zirconia nanocrystal obtained in Example 1.
- 23 COO- groups the surface-modified monoclinic zirconia nanocrystals synthesized in lauroyl group). The product was well dispersed in toluene.
- the surface modifier on the surface of the zirconia nanocrystal particles was substituted from PTSH to a lauric acid residue (C 11 H 23 COO— group). Further, it was confirmed by IR measurement that the lauric acid residue (C 11 H 23 COO— group) modified the surface of the nanocrystal particle. Furthermore, as a result of observation by XRD and TEM, the zirconia nanocrystal portion was not changed from the nanocrystal obtained in Example 4 (the crystal form was a monoclinic zirconium oxide crystal, a fine crystal having a diameter of 3 to 4 nm). It was confirmed that it was a crystal.
- Example 10 Multi-step modifier substitution of surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles (example of PTSH ⁇ 2-ethylhexanoic acid residue ⁇ 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid residue)
- Example 5 (Conversion method to lauric acid) except that 144 mg (1 mmol) of 2-ethylhexanoic acid (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 CH (C 2 H 5 ) COOH, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) is used instead of lauric acid
- 2-ethylhexanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 CH (C 2 H 5 ) COOH, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.
- the zirconia nanocrystal portion was not changed from the nanocrystal obtained in Example 1 (the crystal form was a tetragonal zirconium oxide crystal, a microcrystal having a diameter of 2 to 3 nm). Confirmed).
- the obtained product was put into a 50 ml flask and 5 ml of toluene and 5 ml of 1-butanol (manufactured by Kanto Chemical) were added to prepare a uniform dispersion solution.
- 761 mg (5 mmol) of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (OH (C 6 H 4 ) CH 2 COOH, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) is added, and after being fitted with a Jimlow condenser, heated under reflux for 1 hour using an oil bath.
- Example 12 Qualifier substitution of surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles (example of PTSH ⁇ monododecyl phosphate residue)
- Example 5 The same operation as in Example 5 is performed except that 288 mg (about 1 mmol) of monododecyl sodium phosphate (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 11 OPO (OH) ONa, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry) is used instead of lauric acid and sodium carbonate.
- CH 3 (CH 2 ) 11 OPO (OH) ONa was used instead of lauric acid and sodium carbonate.
- OH organic radical
- the zirconia nanocrystal portion was not changed from the nanocrystal obtained in Example 1 (the crystal form was a tetragonal zirconium oxide crystal, a microcrystal having a diameter of 2 to 3 nm). Confirmed).
- Phosphoric acid was obtained by carrying out the same operation as in Example 5 except that 329 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of bis (2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphate ((C 8 H 17 ) 2 POOH, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry) was used instead of lauric acid.
- Bis (2-ethylhexyl) modified zirconia nanocrystals were synthesized. Since elemental analysis using ICP-AES almost eliminated sulfur, it was confirmed that the surface modifier on the surface of the zirconia nanocrystal particles was replaced with a bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate residue from PTSH. .
- the bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate residue ((C 8 H 17 ) 2 POO— group) modified the surface of the nanocrystal particles. Furthermore, as a result of observation by XRD and TEM, the zirconia nanocrystal portion was not changed from the nanocrystal obtained in Example 1 (the crystal form was a tetragonal zirconium oxide crystal, a microcrystal having a diameter of 2 to 3 nm). Confirmed).
- Example 11 By performing the same operation as in Example 11 (example of dodecyl phosphate) except that 150 mg (1 mmol) of 4-butylphenol (C 10 H 13 OH, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry) is used instead of dodecyl phosphate, 4-butylphenol is obtained.
- the zirconia nanocrystal portion was not changed from the nanocrystal obtained in Example 1 (the crystal form was a tetragonal zirconium oxide crystal, a microcrystal having a diameter of 2 to 3 nm). Confirmed).
- this reaction solution was subjected to an evaporator, and then methanol was added in excess, followed by centrifugation to collect a precipitate. It was confirmed that the precipitate was well dispersed in toluene. The same methanol washing was repeated several times.
- the obtained toluene dispersion was filtered to remove sodium carbonate, whereby a zirconia nanocrystal particle dispersion having a surface modified with a PDMS-carbonyloxy group was obtained.
- the zirconia nanocrystal portion was not changed from the nanocrystal obtained in Example 1 (the crystal form was a tetragonal zirconium oxide crystal, a microcrystal having a diameter of 2 to 3 nm). Confirmed).
- silicone-based composite material “IVS4312” LED encap material manufactured by Momentive Co., Ltd. 2 g of an equal mixture of both components, and the surface with the PDMS-carbonyloxy group obtained in (1) above. 1 g of a toluene dispersion of modified zirconia nanocrystal particles as ZrO 2 was added and mixed well to prepare a mixed solution.
- this liquid mixture was distilled off with an evaporator to obtain a viscous colorless and transparent ZrO 2 nanocrystal particle-containing silicone resin dispersion.
- this silicone resin dispersion was cured by heating in an oven at 160 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain a transparent ZrO 2 / silicone composite material.
- the ZrO 2 content in the composite material was 50% by mass, and the refractive index of the composite material was 1.51.
- the refractive index of the silicone resin produced without adding zirconia nanocrystals was 1.41, indicating that mixing with zirconia nanocrystals is effective in improving the resin refractive index.
- the surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles of the present invention have a surface modifier having a structure that can be easily substituted with a desired functional group on the surface, when the necessary surface modifier differs depending on the purpose of use, There is no need to manufacture each surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particle for each surface modifier, and it can be obtained by a simple method of functional group substitution. Therefore, the surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles and the method for producing the surface-modified zirconia nanocrystal particles of the present invention have industrial applicability.
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Abstract
Description
有機スルホニルオキシ基により、ジルコニアナノ粒子が表面修飾されてなることを特徴とする表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子である。
上記表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子における表面修飾子を、スルホン酸よりも弱酸と強塩基からなる塩を用いて、有機スルホニルオキシ基から前記弱酸残基へ置換することを特徴とする、弱酸残基により表面修飾されたジルコニアナノ結晶粒子の製造方法である。
上記表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子における表面修飾子を、カルボニルオキシ基へ置換することを特徴とする、カルボニルオキシ基により表面修飾されたジルコニアナノ結晶粒子の製造方法である。
上記表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子における表面修飾子を、有機ホスホリルオキシ基へ置換することを特徴とする、有機ホスホリル基により表面修飾されたジルコニアナノ結晶粒子の製造方法である。
上記表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子における表面修飾子を、アリールオキシ基へ置換することを特徴とする、アリールオキシ基により表面修飾されたジルコニアナノ結晶粒子の製造方法である。
[表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子]
本発明の表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子は、有機スルホニルオキシ基により、ジルコニアナノ粒子が表面修飾されてなることを特徴とする。
前述した本発明の表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子は、本発明の方法によれば、有機溶媒中において、ジルコニア前駆体と有機スルホン酸とを、100~240℃という低温度で反応させることにより製造することができる。
前述した有機スルホニルオキシ表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子における表面修飾子(有機スルホニルオキシ基)を、カルボニルオキシ基へ置換することにより、カルボニルオキシ表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子を製造することができる。
で表されるポリジメチルシロキサン鎖を有する脂肪族モノカルボニルオキシ基(以下、PDMS-カルボニルオキシ基と略記することがある。)で表面修飾されたジルコニアナノ結晶粒子を挙げることができる。
前述した有機スルホニルオキシ表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子における表面修飾子(有機スルホニルオキシ基)を、有機ホスホリルオキシ基へ置換することにより、有機ホスホニルオキシ表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子を製造することができる。
前述した有機スルホニルオキシ表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子における表面修飾子(有機スルホニルオキシ基)を、アリールオキシ基へ置換することにより、アリールオキシ表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子を製造することができる。
このように作製した表面修飾ジリコニアナノ結晶粒子はポリマーに分散し易く、例えば、光学用樹脂であるシクロオレフィンポリマーにジルコニアナノ結晶粒子を分散させると、シクロオレフィンポリマーとジルコニアナノ結晶粒子は温度による屈折率の変化が逆の挙動を示すため、温度上昇によるシクロオレフィンポリマーの屈折率低下をジルコニアナノ結晶粒子の屈折率向上によって相殺する効果が期待できる。
LEDの封止材などに用いられるシリコーン系複合材料は、屈折率を確保するために、架橋硬化したシリコーン樹脂マトリックス中に、高屈折率を有するジルコニアナノ結晶粒子を高分散状態で含むものが好ましく用いられる。
実施例1で得たPTSH修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子を、メタノールと塩化メチレン体積比10:3の混合溶媒に再分散させた。この際Zr4mmol当たり、溶媒約10mlとなるように再分散させた。
モメンティブ社製「IVS4312」(LEDエンキャップ材)A、B両成分を等量混合したもの2gに、上記(1)で得られたPDMS-カルボニルオキシ基で表面修飾されたジルコニアナノ結晶粒子のトルエン分散液を、ZrO2として1g加え、よくかき混ぜて混合液を調製した。
Claims (10)
- 有機スルホニルオキシ基により、ジルコニアナノ粒子が表面修飾されてなることを特徴とする表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子。
- 有機スルホニルオキシ基が、置換基を有してもよいアルキルスルホニルオキシ基であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子。
- 有機スルホニルオキシ基が、芳香環上に置換基を有してもよいアリールスルホニルオキシ基である、請求項1に記載の表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子。
- アリールスルホニルオキシ基が、p-トルエンスルホニルオキシ基である、請求項3に記載の表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子。
- 請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子における表面修飾子を、スルホン酸よりも弱い酸と強塩基からなる塩を用いて、有機スルホニルオキシ基から前記弱酸残基へ置換することを特徴とする、弱酸残基により表面修飾されたジルコニアナノ結晶粒子の製造方法。
- 請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子における表面修飾子を、カルボニルオキシ基へ置換することを特徴とする、カルボニルオキシ基により表面修飾されたジルコニアナノ結晶粒子の製造方法。
- 請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子における表面修飾子を、有機ホスホリルオキシ基へ置換することを特徴とする、有機ホスホリル基により表面修飾されたジルコニアナノ結晶粒子の製造方法。
- 表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子における表面修飾子を、有機ホスホン酸または有機ホスフィン酸を用いて有機ホスホリルオキシ基へ置換する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子における表面修飾子を、リン酸エステルを用いて有機ホスホリルオキシ基へ置換する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の表面修飾ジルコニアナノ結晶粒子における表面修飾子を、アリールオキシ基へ置換することを特徴とする、アリールオキシ基により表面修飾されたジルコニアナノ結晶粒子の製造方法。
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JP6293836B2 (ja) * | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-14 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Zr酸化物粒子及びこれを含む組成物 |
RU2698828C1 (ru) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-08-30 | ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УНИТАРНОЕ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЕ "ИНСТИТУТ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ РЕАКТИВОВ И ОСОБО ЧИСТЫХ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ ВЕЩЕСТВ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКОГО ЦЕНТРА "КУРЧАТОВСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ" (НИЦ "Курчатовский институт - ИРЕА) | Способ модификации диоксида циркония |
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Cited By (3)
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JP2013184830A (ja) * | 2012-03-06 | 2013-09-19 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chemical Co Ltd | 表面修飾金属酸化物ナノ粒子およびその製造方法 |
CN117343713A (zh) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-01-05 | 成都理工大学 | 一种广谱高活性的改性剂、纳米片驱油剂及其制备方法 |
CN117343713B (zh) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-03-22 | 成都理工大学 | 一种广谱高活性的改性剂、纳米片驱油剂及其制备方法 |
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CN102448888B (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
JP2011020915A (ja) | 2011-02-03 |
JP5603582B2 (ja) | 2014-10-08 |
CN102448888A (zh) | 2012-05-09 |
US20120071680A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
US8759560B2 (en) | 2014-06-24 |
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