WO2010108307A1 - 可热塑性加工的聚乙烯醇合金及其制备方法 - Google Patents

可热塑性加工的聚乙烯醇合金及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010108307A1
WO2010108307A1 PCT/CN2009/001212 CN2009001212W WO2010108307A1 WO 2010108307 A1 WO2010108307 A1 WO 2010108307A1 CN 2009001212 W CN2009001212 W CN 2009001212W WO 2010108307 A1 WO2010108307 A1 WO 2010108307A1
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Prior art keywords
polyvinyl alcohol
nylon
weight
alloy
acid
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PCT/CN2009/001212
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘建林
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Liu Jianlin
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Priority to CN2009801577812A priority Critical patent/CN102361930B/zh
Publication of WO2010108307A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010108307A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L29/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L29/02Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
    • C08L29/04Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/51Phosphorus bound to oxygen
    • C08K5/52Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L77/00Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thermoplastically processable polyvinyl alcohol alloy, and in particular to a blend consisting essentially of a polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, a polyamide, a thermal decomposition inhibitor, and a processing regulator, and Preparation.
  • the polyephthyl alcohol alloy is suitable for thermoplastic processing into various high barrier films, sheets, tubes, hollow containers, etc., and the present invention also relates to the above products prepared from the polyvinyl alcohol alloy of the present invention. Background technique
  • Polyvinyl alcohol is a known polymer having very excellent high barrier properties.
  • polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer PVA
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer
  • polyvinyl alcohol homopolymers having a degree of hydrolysis of about 99% are completely incapable of thermoplastic processing.
  • ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer In order to improve the thermoplastic processing properties of polyvinyl alcohol homopolymers, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EV0H) has been widely used. However, EV0H is very expensive. At the same time, due to the introduction of ethylene copolymerization unit, the mechanical strength of EV0H is significantly lower than that of polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, which makes EV0H unsuitable as a high-resistance heat-insulating shrink film. Further, it is important that the barrier property of EV0H is remarkably lowered due to the introduction of the ethylene copolymerization unit, and the drop is particularly remarkable after moisture absorption. Therefore, EV0H is not satisfactory in many performances.
  • No. 4,952,628 discloses a blend of EVOH and polyamide.
  • US 4,950,513 discloses PVA/nylon blends for use in combination with polyolefins.
  • US Blends of nylon and EVOH are also disclosed in 4, 640, 852, 5, 055, 355, and the like.
  • blends in the above documents all contain olefin units which are introduced by blending with a polyolefin or EVOH itself. Both of them significantly affect the barrier properties of the resulting article, and due to the high viscosity of the blend, it causes adhesion to the metal in the screw and the mold flow path in subsequent applications such as blown film, and thereby causes decomposition and carbonization of the raw material.
  • No. 4,611,019 discloses a melt-extrudable composition which consists essentially of a polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, from 7% to 15% by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, selected from aromatic sulfonamides. , plasticizers of polyhydric alcohols, aromatic sulfonates, aromatic phosphates and phosphites, N, N-dimethylamides of carboxylic acids, alkylene carbonates, alkylpyrrolidone and mixtures thereof, and 5%-4.
  • a molecular weight of 1,500 to 30,000 selected from the group consisting of nylon 66, nylon 6, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 6, 10 copolymer, a nylon 6,12 copolymer and a polyamide composition of grafted nylon, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer has a degree of hydrolysis of greater than 95% and has a viscosity of 2 (TC 4% aqueous solution in the range of 2 to 30 centipoise) Molecular weight.
  • the melt-extrudable blends disclosed in this document include polyvinyl alcohol, small amounts of polyamide, and a large amount of plasticizer. 5wt°/ ⁇ By experiment, found that 0. 5wt ° /. - 4. 5 « ⁇ % of the mixture of the polyamide resin and the plasticizer used in this document does not plasticize the polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis of more than about 99%, so US 4,611, 019 has to use the degree of hydrolysis.
  • the low hydrolysis degree polyvinyl alcohol is plasticized by about 95% of polyvinyl alcohol and using a large amount of a plasticizer. However, the use of such a large amount of plasticizer and the use of a lower degree of hydrolysis of polyvinyl alcohol pose serious problems.
  • a polyvinyl alcohol alloy is provided, which is substantially from about 53 ⁇ 4% to about 94.99wt. /. a polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, about H 5 wt% polyamide, 0.01 wt% to 20 wt% of a thermal decomposition inhibitor, and 0 to about 20 wt% of a conventional additive (for example, a plasticizer, a light stabilizer, and/or Or antioxidant), based on the total weight of the polyvinyl alcohol alloy.
  • a conventional additive for example, a plasticizer, a light stabilizer, and/or Or antioxidant
  • a method of producing a polyvinyl alcohol alloy comprising: mixing the polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, a polyamide, a thermal decomposition inhibitor, and a conventional additive (for example, Plasticizers, light stabilizers and/or antioxidants), the blends are thermoplastically processed and granulated.
  • a conventional additive for example, Plasticizers, light stabilizers and/or antioxidants
  • a product prepared from the polyvinyl alcohol alloy including, but not limited to, a high barrier film, a hollow container, a tube, a sheet, and the like.
  • each element of the embodiment of the present application is a corresponding upper level A specific preferred selection of technical features. If the superior technical feature can be combined with other superior features, the elements of the embodiment, ie the specific preferred selection, can also be combined with the other superior features. These combinations are considered to be part of the original description of this application.
  • the term “consisting essentially of” means that the content of the unspecified component does not significantly or substantially affect the properties of the polyvinyl alcohol alloy of the present invention.
  • the term “substantially free” means that the content of the impurities should be less than about 1% by weight or not at all.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer is substantially free of ethylene copolymerized units, and the alloy is also substantially free of olefin blending components.
  • the term "high barrier” means physical barrier to air, especially oxygen.
  • the pressure is measured by the differential pressure method according to GB/T1038-2000, and the gas permeation amount is less than about 20 cm 3 /m 2 in 24 hours. 24h-0. lMPa 0
  • a polyvinyl alcohol alloy substantially from about 5% to about 94. 99wt% of a polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, about w H 5wt% of polyamide, 0.011wt ° /. ⁇ 20% by weight of a thermal decomposition inhibitor and 0 to about 20% by weight of a conventional additive (e.g., a plasticizer, a light stabilizer, and/or an antioxidant), based on the total weight of the polyvinyl alcohol alloy.
  • a conventional additive e.g., a plasticizer, a light stabilizer, and/or an antioxidant
  • the polyvinyl alcohol alloy consists essentially of about 53 ⁇ 4 ⁇ /. ⁇ about 80 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, about 94.9 1% ⁇ about 5 wt% of polyamide, and about 0. ⁇ 1;% ⁇ about 15 ⁇ ⁇ % of thermal decomposition inhibitor composition, based on polyethylene
  • the total weight of the alcohol alloy is based on the total weight of the polyvinyl alcohol alloy.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol alloy consists essentially of from about 25:1% to about 75% by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, from about 70% to about 23% by weight of polyamide, and from about 2% by weight to about 5 wt% of the thermal decomposition inhibitor composition, based on the total weight of the polyvinyl alcohol alloy.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol alloy is substantially comprised
  • the amide and the composition of about 0.5% by weight to about 1.5% by weight of the thermal decomposition inhibitor, based on the total weight of the polyvinyl alcohol alloy.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol alloy is substantially from about 15 wt% to about 84.8 wt% of a polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, from about 55 wt% to about 15 wt% of a polyamide, About 0. ⁇ 1:°/. ⁇ about 10wt ° /. Thermal decomposition inhibitor and 0. ⁇ 1; ° /. ⁇ about
  • the plasticizer, light stabilizer and/or antioxidant composition is based on the total weight of the polyvinyl alcohol alloy.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer according to the present invention can be obtained from polyvinyl acetate by a conventional hydrolysis process, and its degree of hydrolysis is preferably at least about 88%, more preferably at least about 95%, and most preferably at least about 99%.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer may have a degree of polymerization of from about 500 to about 2,500, preferably from about 1,700 to about 2,000.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer of the present invention is substantially free of olefin copolymerized units such as ethylene.
  • Polyamides suitable for use in the present invention include those commonly referred to as nylons, including, but not limited to, nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 1010, nylon 12, nylon 46, nylon 69, nylon, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 610, nylon 612, nylon 1212, nylon MXD6, nylon TMDT, copolymers and blends of the above nylons.
  • the nylon may be an amorphous nylon, a nylon thermoplastic elastomer, and a nylon grafted with maleic anhydride, acrylic or epoxy.
  • the most preferred polyamides are nylon 6, nylon 66 and mixtures thereof.
  • the molecular weight of the polyamide can be about 10, 000-50, 000, melt flow index (of Ml) may be from about 1- 200g / 10min, preferably from about 15-100g / 10min o
  • Thermal decomposition inhibitors suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, lactam monomers for forming nylon, such as caprolactam, decanolactam, etc., amino acids, nylon salts, aliphatic phosphates and phosphites, for example, preferably trimethyl phosphate Esters, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, especially preferably trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphite and phosphorous acid Triethyl ester.
  • the term "conventional additive” means generally used for homopolymerization of polyvinyl alcohol. Additives in the processing of the substance or its copolymer, such as plasticizers, antioxidants, light stabilizers. The inventors have found that the use of these conventional additives alone, without the use of the above-mentioned heat stabilizers, especially aliphatic phthalates and phosphites, does not provide satisfactory thermoplastic processing properties and air barrier properties.
  • Plasticizers suitable for use in the present invention may include, but are not limited to, polyols such as glycerol, sorbitol, pentaerythritol, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, ethylene glycol, poly, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • Ethylene glycol polypropylene glycol, glycol ether, propylene glycol ether, glyceryl ether, water, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof; alcohol amines such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and a mixture; a carboxylic acid and a salt or ester thereof, such as citric acid, (meth)acrylic acid, dodecanoic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, stearate, single hard Glycerol, dimer acid, tetrakis[ ⁇ -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid] pentaerythritol ester, and mixtures thereof; amine, 1, 4-butanediamine, 1 , 6-hexanediamine, 4,4,-aminocyclohexane, and mixtures thereof; amides such as
  • the polyvinyl alcohol alloy of the present invention may further contain a conventional light stabilizer as a conventional additive, such as benzophenone, UV-531, UV-242, BP-4, hindered amine, 788, UV-3034, 744. And one or more of the antioxidants; and/or antioxidants, such as hindered phenols: 1010, 3114, 330, 54 , and the sub-base acid esters: one or more of 168, 619, 618.
  • a conventional light stabilizer as a conventional additive, such as benzophenone, UV-531, UV-242, BP-4, hindered amine, 788, UV-3034, 744.
  • antioxidants such as hindered phenols: 1010, 3114, 330, 54
  • sub-base acid esters one or more of 168, 619, 618.
  • a nano inorganic material, a colorant, a fragrance, an antibacterial agent or the like may be included as a conventional additive according to actual needs.
  • thermoplastic processing can be carried out by known thermoplastic processing methods such as internal mixers, single screw extruders, silent screw extruders, reactive vented single and twin screw extruders, and the like.
  • a product prepared from the polyvinyl alcohol alloy including but not limited to, a high barrier film, a hollow container, a tube and a sheet, and the like.
  • the product may include, but is not limited to, a single layer film, a multi-layer co-extruded film, a high temperature cooking film, a joy-stretching film, a heat shrink film, an automobile fuel tank, a bottle, a barrel, a fuel or oil pipeline, and a gas pipe.
  • the products prepared by the polyvinyl alcohol alloy of the present invention have better tensile strength and elongation at break than the mixture of EV0H and EVOH and PA, and It has excellent gas barrier properties and aroma retention.
  • the inventors have also unexpectedly found that the alloy material has more excellent organic solvent resistance, oil resistance, and chemical resistance than pure polyethylene alone or pure polyamide resin alone.
  • the Table 1 data also shows that the PVA content of the product of the invention is about 45 wt. /. When the PVA content is about 70wt%, the performance is unmatched by the prior art materials, and has very good processability, film formation, And processing thermal stability.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol alloy material of the present invention is placed in an extrusion blown film machine under continuous processing conditions of about 170 ° C, 190 ° C, 210 ° C and 230 ° C, respectively.
  • the film was extruded and extruded for about 100 hours without the material decomposing and not carbonizing, while having very excellent transparency.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol alloy of the present invention is used as a barrier layer (thickness 5 ⁇ m) by using a five-layer co-extrusion apparatus, and a material such as polyethylene is used as another layer (thickness: 95 ⁇ m) to form a film.
  • the oxygen permeation amount is less than about 1.2 cm 3 / m 2 -24 h -0.1.
  • IMPa is clearly superior to the same coextruded film of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EV0H) as a barrier layer.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol alloy of the present invention can be made Multi-layer co-extruded high-resistance heat-shrinkable shrink film or biaxially stretched film, which are not suitable for ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EV0H).
  • EV0H ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer
  • the invention relates to the following:
  • a polyvinyl alcohol alloy substantially from about 5 ⁇ % to about 94.99wt e /. a polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, from about 75 ⁇ 1% to about 5% by weight of the polyamide, from 0.01% by weight to about 20% by weight of the thermal decomposition inhibitor and from 0% to about 20% by weight selected from the group consisting of plasticizers, light stabilizers, and / or the composition of conventional additives for antioxidants.
  • thermo decomposition inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic phosphates, aliphatic phosphites, and mixtures thereof.
  • polyvinyl alcohol alloy according to the above paragraph 1 wherein the polyvinyl alcohol alloy is substantially from about 51% to about 80% by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, and about 94.9% by weight to about 5% by weight of the polyamide. And from about 0. lwt% to about 15% by weight, preferably from about 2% by weight to about 5% by weight, more preferably about 0.53 ⁇ 4 ⁇ . ⁇ About 1.5% by weight of the thermal decomposition inhibitor composition, based on the total weight of the polyvinyl alcohol alloy.
  • polyvinyl alcohol alloy according to the above paragraph 1, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol alloy is substantially from about 25 ⁇ 1:% to about 75 wt% of a polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, about 7 ( ⁇ 1:% to about 2! 3 wt% of polyamide and from about 2% to about 5% by weight of a thermal decomposition inhibitor based on the total weight of the polyvinyl alcohol alloy.
  • polyvinyl alcohol alloy according to the above paragraph 1 wherein the polyvinyl alcohol alloy is substantially from about 35 to about 70% by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, about 63.5 yen 1% to about 5 ⁇ % ⁇ 5wt% of the composition of the thermal decomposition inhibitor, based on the total weight of the polyvinyl alcohol alloy.
  • polyvinyl alcohol alloy according to any one of items 1 to 5 above, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer has a degree of hydrolysis of at least about 88%, preferably at least about 95%, more preferably at least about 99%, and the degree of polymerization is It is about 500-2,500, preferably about 1,700-2,000.
  • polyvinyl alcohol alloy according to any one of the above items 1 to 5, wherein the polyamide is selected from the group consisting of nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 1010, nylon 12, nylon 46, nylon 69, nylon 610, nylon 612, Nylon 1212, nylon MXD6, nylon TMDT, copolymers and blends of the above nylons having a molecular weight of about 10,000 to 50,000 and a melt flow index (Ml) of about 1 to 200 g 8%, preferably about 15 - 100g/10min.
  • Ml melt flow index
  • thermo decomposition inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: lactam, amino acid and nylon salt, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, sub Trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite.
  • polyvinyl alcohol alloy according to any one of items 1 to 7, wherein the conventional additive is selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols, such as glycerol, sorbitol, pentaerythritol, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, ethylene glycol.
  • polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol, sorbitol, pentaerythritol, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, ethylene glycol.
  • the processing regulator consists of a total weight based on the polyvinyl alcohol alloy.
  • High barrier resin prepared according to the polyvinyl alcohol alloy of any of the above paragraphs 1 to 10.
  • Oxygen transmission according to national standards is: GB/T1038 - 2000
  • the film was first sealed to a 16 cm, 11 cm wide film bag, and then 50 liters of xylene or gasoline was charged to seal the opening. Weigh on the analytical balance and record the weight and time, continue weighing after 24 or 48 hours, the reduction is the amount of xylene or gasoline lost.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol alloy in this embodiment is made of wty.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (purchased from Beijing Organic Chemical Plant, grade 2099, with a nominal polymerization degree of 2,000, a degree of hydrolysis of 99%) and 84.5 wr% of nylon 6 (PA) (purchased from Guangzhou ⁇ Chemical, its nominal molecular weight is 18, 500), 0.5wt ° /.
  • composition of trimethyl citrate purchased from Tianjin Reagent III. After the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and nylon (PA) and trimethyl phosphate are thoroughly mixed by a mixer, a twin-screw extruder is used (the temperature of each section is 150 ° C, 170 ° C, 180 °).
  • Example 2 190 ° C, 200 ° C, 210 ° C and 220 ° C) and granulator extrusion granulation, and then fully dried by a dryer to obtain a thermoplastic processing of polyvinyl alcohol alloy, using a single layer of blown film The film was blown to a film thickness of 12 ⁇ m (temperatures of sections: 180 ° C, 200 ° C, 220 ° C and 230 ⁇ , head temperature: 235 ° C). See Table 1 for their physical and mechanical properties.
  • Example 2 See Table 1 for their physical and mechanical properties.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol alloy is composed of 45 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (purchased from Beijing Organic Chemical Plant, grade 1799, having a nominal degree of polymerization of 1,700, a degree of hydrolysis of 99%) and 53.5 wt% of nylon 610.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • PA polyvinyl alcohol
  • a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and nylon (PA), tributyl phosphate and triethyl phosphite was thoroughly mixed by a mixer, and a twin-screw extruder was used (the temperature of each section was 150 ° C: , 170 ° C:, 180 ° C, 190 ° C, 200 ° C, 210 ° C and 220 ° C) and granulator extrusion granulation, and then fully dried by a dryer to obtain thermoplastically processable polyethylene Alcohol alloy, using a single layer blown film machine to blow a film with a thickness of 12 microns (temperatures of each section: O'C; 190 °C, 220 °C and 220 °C, head temperature: 220 °C).
  • the polyvinyl alcohol alloy is made up of 70% by weight of polyethylene glycol (PVA) (purchased from Beijing Organic Chemical Plant, grade 2099, with a nominal degree of polymerization of 2,000, a degree of hydrolysis of 99%), 28% by weight.
  • PVA polyethylene glycol
  • Nylon 6 (PA), nylon 66 (PA) and nylon 610 (PA) mixtures purchased from Guangzhou Chemical, with a nominal molecular weight of 17,000, a mixing ratio of 1: 1:0.5) and 2% by weight of nylon 66 Salt composition.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol (P), nylon (PA) and nylon 66 salts were thoroughly mixed by a mixer, and a twin-screw extruder was used (the temperature of each section was 150° (170 ° C, 180 ° C, 190 °, 190 °). C, 200 ° C, 210 ° C and 220 ⁇ C ) and granulator extrusion granulation, and then fully dried by a dryer to obtain a thermoplastically processed polyvinyl alcohol alloy. The thickness is blown by a single layer blown film machine. 12 micron film (temperatures in sections: 180 ° C, 210 ° C, and 220 ° C, head temperature:
  • the polyvinyl alcohol alloy in this example consisted of 73 wt% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (available from Beijing Organic Chemical Plant, grade 1799, having a nominal degree of polymerization of 1,700, a degree of hydrolysis of 99%), 25 wt. Nylon 6 (PA) (purchased from Guangzhou Yan Chemical, with a nominal molecular weight of 18,500) and 2 wt% of a mixture of triethyl sulfite and caprolactam (mixing ratio 1: 1).
  • the polyvinyl alcohol alloy in this embodiment consists of 55 wt% polyvinyl alcohol (P) (purchased from Beijing Organic Chemical Plant, grade 1799, with a nominal degree of polymerization of 1,700, a degree of hydrolysis of 99%), 38% by weight of nylon 6 (PA) (purchased from Guangzhou Hao Chemical, with a nominal molecular weight of 18,500) And 7wt. /.
  • P polyvinyl alcohol
  • PA nylon 6
  • the polyvinyl alcohol alloy in this example consisted of 85 wt% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (available from Beijing Organic Chemical Plant, grade 1799, having a nominal degree of polymerization of 1,700, a degree of hydrolysis of 99%), 4 wt/.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • Nylon 6 (PA) purchased from Guangzhou Yan Chemical, with a nominal molecular weight of 18,500
  • llwt% of a mixture of triethyl phosphate, glycerol, N,N-dimethylacetamide (mixing ratio) 0.2: 2: 2) Composition.
  • a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), nylon (PA) and triethyl phosphate, glycerol, N,N-dimethylacetamide is thoroughly mixed by a mixer, and a twin-screw extruder is used.
  • the temperature is: 150 ° C, 170 ° C, 180 ° C, 190 ° C, 200 ° (, 210 ° C and 220 ° C) and granulator extrusion granulation, and then fully dried by a dryer to obtain a A thermoplastically processable polyvinyl alcohol alloy using a single layer blown film machine to blow a film having a thickness of 12 microns (temperatures of 170 ° C; 190 ° (at 200 ° C and 220 ° C, head temperature) : 220 ° C ) See Table 1 for physical and mechanical properties.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol alloy is made up of 80% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (purchased from Beijing Organic Chemical Factory, grade 1788, with a nominal polymerization degree of 1,700, a degree of hydrolysis of 88%), and 19% by weight of nylon. 6 (PA) (purchased from Guangzhou Hao Chemical, whose nominal molecular weight is 18,500) and 1 ⁇ « mixture of polyethylene glycol, amino acid, triphenyl phosphite (mixing ratio 1:1: 0.5) .
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • PA polyvinyl alcohol
  • a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), nylon (PA), and a mixture of polyethylene glycol, amino acid, and triphenyl phosphite is thoroughly mixed by a mixer, and a twin-screw extruder is used (the temperature of each section is 150 °C, 170 ° C;, 180 ° C, 190 ° C, 200 ° C, 210 ° C and 220 ° C) and granulator extrusion granulation, and then fully dried by a dryer to obtain thermoplastic processing
  • Polyvinyl alcohol alloy a film with a thickness of 12 microns was blown by a single layer blown film machine (temperatures of 190X, 200 °C, 220 °C and 225 °C, head temperature: 235 °C). See Table 1 for their physical and mechanical properties.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol alloy in this embodiment is composed of 65 wt%.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) purchasedd from Beijing Organic Chemical Plant, grade 1799, with a nominal degree of polymerization of 1,700, degree of hydrolysis
  • thermoplastic processing of polyvinyl alcohol alloy using a single layer blown film machine to blow a film thickness of 12 microns (The temperature of each section is: 190 ° C, 200 ° C, 220 ° C and 225
  • This comparative example is made up of 83.5wt. /.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) purchasedd from Beijing Organic Chemical Plant, grade 1799, nominal polymerization degree 1,700, degree of hydrolysis 99%
  • 4.5 wt% nylon 6 (PA) purchased from Guangzhou ⁇ Chemical, which has a nominal molecular weight of 18,500
  • 12% by weight of a mixture of triphenyl phosphite and triphenyl phosphate (mixing ratio 1:1).
  • a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), nylon (PA), triphenyl phosphate and triphenyl phosphate was thoroughly mixed by a mixer, and a twin-screw extruder was used (temperature of each section: 150 ° C, 170) °C, 180 ° C, 190 ° C, 190 ° C and 190 ° C) and granulator extrusion granulation, completely decomposed and carbonized by extrusion, can not be granulated at all.
  • Comparative example 2 Comparative example 2:
  • This comparative example is made up of 83.5 wt% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (purchased from Beijing Organic Chemical Plant, grade 1788, with a nominal degree of polymerization of 1,700, a degree of hydrolysis of 88%), 4.5 wt% of nylon 610 ( PA) (purchased from Guangzhou Yan Chemical, with a nominal molecular weight of 18,500) and 12% by weight of a mixture of triphenyl phosphite and glycerol (mixing ratio 0.5: 2).
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • PA nylon 610
  • a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), nylon 610 (PA), triphenyl phosphate and glycerol was thoroughly mixed by a mixer, and a twin-screw extruder was used (temperature of each section: 150 ° C, 170) °C, 180 ° C!, 190 ° C, 190 ° C and 190 ° C) and granulator extrusion granulation, the particle appearance is dark yellow, accompanied by a strong pungent odor, after sufficient drying
  • a single layer blown film machine blows a film having a thickness of 12 ⁇ m (temperatures of sections: 170 ° C, 180 ° C, 190 ° C, and 190 ⁇ , head temperature: 190 ° C). Refer to Table 2 for physical and mechanical data. Comparative example 3:
  • This comparative example is made up of 85 wt% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (purchased from Beijing Organic Chemical Plant, grade 1788, with a nominal degree of polymerization of 1,700, a degree of hydrolysis of 88%), 15 wt% a mixture of triethanolamine and glycerol (mixing ratio: 0.5:1).
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), triethanolamine and glycerin is thoroughly mixed by a mixer, and a twin-screw extruder is used (temperatures of each section are: 150" C, 170 ° C; 180 ° C, 190 ° C, 190 ° C and 19 Q ° C) and granulator extrusion granulation, after drying fully, using a single layer blown film machine to blow a film thickness of 12 microns (temperature of each section: 170 ° C, 180 °C;, 185 ° C and 185 ° C, head temperature: 185 ° C.
  • the physical and mechanical data are shown in Table 2. Comparative example:
  • This comparative example is composed of 55% of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EV0H) (manufacturer: ⁇ , its ethylene content: 32%) and 45wt% of nylon 6 (PA) (purchased from Guangzhou ⁇ Chemical, with a nominal molecular weight of 18,500). After the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EV0H) and nylon (PA) were thoroughly mixed by a mixer, a twin-screw extruder was used (the temperature of each section was 170 ° C, 170 ° C, 180 ° C, 190).
  • EV0H ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer
  • PA nylon 6
  • Ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (manufacturer: Nippon Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd., ethylene content: 32%) was blown by a single layer blown film machine with a thickness of 15 ⁇ m (temperature of each section: 180 ° C, 220 °C, 230 ⁇ and 230 ° C, head temperature: 230 ° C). See Table 2 for their physical and mechanical properties. Comparative example 6:
  • Nylon 6 (PA) (purchased from Guangzhou Hao Chemical, with a nominal molecular weight of 18,500) After the composition is sufficiently dried, it is cast into a 12 micron nylon using an extrusion casting machine (temperatures of 190 ° C; 220 °, 235 ° C and 235 ° C, head temperature: 240 ° C). See Table 2 for physical and mechanical properties of the film.
  • CE.l - 6 both represent the comparative examples 1 ⁇ 6.
  • Comparative Example 1 uses 4.5% nylon and polyvinyl alcohol P having a degree of hydrolysis of 99 and a high content of aromatic phosphates and phosphites. Chemical.
  • the data of Example 2 of the present invention is better than the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer when the PVA content of the polyvinyl alcohol is only 45%.
  • the EV0H, polyvinyl alcohol content was: 68%), and the data of Examples 3 and 4 showed that the data were much better than the comparative data.

Description

可热塑性加工的聚乙烯醇合金
及其制备方法 本申请要求 2009 年 3 月 25 日提交的中国专利申请 200910127984. 9的优先权, 其全文引入本文作为参考。 技术领域
本发明涉及一种可热塑性加工的聚乙烯醇合金, 具体而言, 涉及一种基本上由聚乙烯醇均聚物、 聚酰胺、 热分解抑制剂和加 工调节剂组成的共混物, 及其制备方法。 所述聚乙婦醇合金适合 于热塑性加工为各种高阻隔性的薄膜、 片材、 管材、 中空容器等, 本发明同时也涉及上述由本发明聚乙烯醇合金制备的产品。 背景技术
聚乙烯醇是一种已知的具有非常优异的高阻隔性的聚合物。 但是, 由于其熔点高于分解温度, 聚乙烯醇均聚物(PVA )不适合 热塑性加工。 尤其是, 水解度约 99 %的聚乙烯醇均聚物完全无法 进行热塑性加工。
为改进聚乙烯醇均聚物的热塑性加工性能, 乙婦-乙烯醇共 聚物 (EV0H ) 已被广泛采用。 不过, EV0H非常昂贵。 同时, 由于 乙烯共聚单元的引入,使 EV0H的机械强度较聚乙烯醇均聚物而言 有非常明显的下降, 这使得 EV0H 不适合用作高阻隔热收缩性薄 膜。 此外, 重要的是, 由于乙烯共聚单元的引入, 使 EV0H的阻隔 性明显下降, 在吸湿后下降尤为明显。 因此, EV0H在许多性能上 不尽令人满意。
US 4, 952, 628 公开了一种 EV0H 和聚酰胺的共混物。 US 4, 950, 513 公开了与聚烯烃混合使用的 PVA/尼龙共混物。 US 4, 640, 852、 5, 055, 355等也公开了尼龙和 EV0H的共混物。
上述文献中的共混物中, 均含有通过与聚烯烃共混所引入的 或者 EV0H 自身所具有的烯烃单元。它们均明显地影响了所得制品 的阻隔性能, 并且由于共混物粘度大, 致使其在后续吹膜等应用 中与螺杆、 模具流道内的金属粘连, 并由此造成原料分解碳化。
US 4, 611, 019公开了一种可熔融挤出的组合物, 其基本上由 聚乙烯醇均聚物、 占聚乙烯醇均聚物重量的 7%- 15%的选自芳族磺 酰胺、多元醇、芳族磺酸酯、芳族磷酸酯和亚磷酸酯、羧酸的 N, N- 二甲基酰胺、碳酸亚烷基酯、烷基吡咯烷酮和其混合物的增塑剂、 和 占 聚 乙 浠醇均 聚物重量的 0. 5%-4. 5%的 分子量为 15, 000-30, 000的选自尼龙 66、 尼龙 6、 尼龙 11、 尼龙 12、 尼龙 6, 10共聚物、 尼龙 6, 12共聚物和接枝尼龙的聚酰胺组成, 其中 所述聚乙烯醇均聚物具有大于 95 %的水解度并具有使得 2 (TC的 4 %水溶液粘度处于 2- 30厘泊范围内的分子量。
该文献中公开的可熔融挤出的共混物包括了聚乙烯醇、 少量 的聚酰胺和大量的增塑剂。经实验发现, 0. 5wt°/。- 4. 5«^%的聚酰胺 树脂与该文献中所使用的增塑剂的混合物无法使水解度大于约 99%的聚乙烯醇塑化, 因此 US 4, 611, 019不得不使用水解度 95% 左右的聚乙烯醇并使用大量的增塑剂对该低水解度的聚乙烯醇进 行增塑。 然而, 使用如此大量的增塑剂和采用较低水解度的聚乙 烯醇将带来严重的问题。 例如, 它们的使用会显著降低材料的阻 隔性, 使其无法满足高阻隔的要求。 另外, US 4, 611, 019所限定 使用的增塑剂多为小分子有毒物质, 使其应用领域受到局限; 同 时由于这些物质在热塑加工中容易产生刺激性气体, 会在薄膜等 中形成气泡残留, 进而影响阻隔性。
因此, 本领域仍然需要提供一种基于聚乙烯醇的材料, 它能 够保持聚乙烯醇均聚物特有的高阻隔性能和机械强度, 同时满足 常规热塑性加工的要求。 发明概述
为解决现有技术的上述问题, 本发明人进行了广泛而深入的 研究,并出乎意料地发现,通过使用本发明的下述聚乙烯醇合金, 可以在保持聚乙烯醇的高阻隔性能和机械强度的同时, 获得非常 优异的热塑性加工性能。
根据本发明的一个方面, 提供了一种聚乙烯醇合金, 基本上 由约 5¾^% ~约 94. 99wt。/。的聚乙烯醇均聚物、 约 ,H 5wt% 的聚酰胺、 0. 01wt% ~ 20wt%的热分解抑制剂和 0 ~约 20wt%的常规 添加剂 (例如, 增塑剂、 光稳定剂和 /或抗氧化剂)组成, 以聚乙 烯醇合金的总重量计。
根据本发明的另一方面, 提供了一种制备聚乙烯醇合金的方 法, 所述方法包括: 混合所述的聚乙烯醇均聚物、 聚酰胺、 热分 解抑制剂和常规添加剂(例如,增塑剂、光稳定剂和 /或抗氧化剂), 将所述共混物热塑性加工并造粒。
根据本发明的再一方面, 提供了一种由所述聚乙烯醇合金制 备的产品, 包括但不限于, 高阻隔性的薄膜、 中空容器、 管材和 片材等。 发明详述
在下文对本发明的描述中, 除另有明确说明, 本申请中的数 值均可视为被措词 "大约,, 修饰。 但是, 本发明人已尽可能精确 地才艮道了实施例中的数值, 尽管这些数值不可避免地包括一定的 误差。
在本申请中, 除非明确排除, 本发明的具体或者优选实施方 案可以组合。 另外, 本申请实施例的各项要素是与其对应的上位 技术特征的具体的优选选择。 如果所述上位技术特征可以与其它 上位特征进行组合, 则实施例的所述要素, 即所述具体的优选选 择, 也可以与所述其它上位特征进行组合。 这些组合应被视为本 申请原始记载内容的一部分。
在本申请中, 术语 "基本上由…组成" 意指未指出的组分的 含量不会明显或实质上影响本发明聚乙烯醇合金自身的性能。 术 语 "基本上不含" 是指所述杂质的含量应低于约 lwt%, 或者完全 不含。 例如, 在本发明中, 所述聚乙烯醇均聚物基本上不含乙烯 共聚单元, 并且所述合金也基本上不含烯烃共混组分。
在本申请中, 术语 "高阻隔性" 是指对空气, 尤其氧气具有 物理阻隔性。 典型地, 4艮据 GB/T1038 - 2000采用压差法测量, 24 小时内气体透过量小于约 20cm3/m2.24h-0. lMPa0
根据本发明的一个方面, 提供了一种聚乙烯醇合金, 基本上 由约 5 ^% ~约 94. 99wt%的聚乙烯醇均聚物、 约 w H 5wt% 的聚酰胺、 0. 01wt°/。 ~ 20wt%的热分解抑制剂和 0 ~约 20wt%的常规 添加剂 (例如, 增塑剂、 光稳定剂和 /或抗氧化剂)组成, 以聚乙 烯醇合金的总重量计。
根据本发明的一个实施方案, 所述聚乙烯醇合金基本上由约 5¾^/。~约 80wt%的聚乙烯醇均聚物、 约 94. 9 1% ~约 5wt%的聚酰 胺、 和约 0. ^1;% ~约 15^^%的热分解抑制剂组成, 均基于聚乙烯 醇合金的总重量, 以聚乙烯醇合金的总重量计。
根据另一个优选的实施方案, 所述聚乙烯醇合金基本上由约 25 1:% ~约 75wt%的聚乙烯醇均聚物、 约 70 ^% ~约 23wt%的聚酰 胺和约 2wt% ~约 5wt%的热分解抑制剂组成,以聚乙烯醇合金的总 重量计。
根据又一个优选的实施方案, 所述聚乙烯醇合金基本上由约
35¾^% ~约 70wt%的聚乙烯醇均聚物、 约 63. 5wt% ~ 29. 5wt%聚 酰胺和约 0. 5 ^% ~约 1. 5 wt%热分解抑制剂组成, 以聚乙烯醇合 金的总重量计。
根据本发明的另一实施方案, 所述聚乙烯醇合金基本上由约 15 wt%〜约 84. 8 wt%的聚乙烯醇均聚物、 约 55 wt% ~约 15 wt% 的聚酰胺、 约 0. ^1:°/。~约 10wt°/。的热分解抑制剂和 0. ^1;°/。~约
20wt。/。的增塑剂、 光稳定剂和 /或抗氧化剂组成, 基于聚乙烯醇合 金的总重量。
根据本发明的聚乙烯醇均聚物可以由聚乙酸乙烯酯通过常规 的水解工艺获得, 其水解度优选至少约 88 %, 更优选至少约 95 % , 最优选至少约 99 %。 所述聚乙烯醇均聚物的聚合度为可以为 约 500-2, 500 ,优选为约 1, 700-2, 000。 #居本发明的聚乙烯醇均 聚物中基本上不含诸如乙烯等的烯烃共聚单元。
根据本发明的优选实施方案, 适用于本发明的聚酰胺包括通 常称为尼龙的那些, 包括但不限于, 尼龙 6、 尼龙 66、 尼龙 11、 尼龙 1010、 尼龙 12、 尼龙 46、 尼龙 69、 尼龙 610、 尼龙 612、 尼 龙 1212、 尼龙 MXD6、 尼龙 TMDT、 上述尼龙的共聚物和共混物。 所述尼龙可以是非结晶尼龙,也可以是尼龙热塑型弹性体,以及采 用马来酸酐、 丙烯酸类、 环氧类接枝的尼龙。 最为优选的聚酰胺 为尼龙 6、 尼龙 66 及其混合物。 聚酰胺的分子量可以为约 10, 000-50, 000, 熔体流动指数 ( Ml )可以为约 1- 200g/10min,优 选为约 15-100g/10mino
适用于本发明的热分解抑制剂包括但不限于: 形成尼龙所用 的内酰胺单体, 例如己内酰胺、 癸内酰胺等、 氨基酸、 尼龙盐、 脂族磷酸酯和亚磷酸酯, 例如优选磷酸三甲酯、 磷酸三乙酯、 磷 酸三丁酯、 亚磷酸三甲酯、 亚磷酸三乙酯、 亚磷酸三丁酯, 尤其 优选磷酸三甲酯、 磷酸三乙酯、 亚磷酸三甲酯和亚磷酸三乙酯。
在本发明中, 术语 "常规添加剂" 指通常用于聚乙烯醇均聚 物或其共聚物加工中的添加剂, 例如增塑剂、 抗氧化剂、 光稳定 剂。 本发明人发现, 如不使用上述热稳定剂, 尤其是脂族嶙酸酯 和亚磷酸酯, 而单独使用这些常规添加剂, 则不能提供满意的热 塑加工性能和空气阻隔性能。
根据本发明的实施方案, 适用于本发明的增塑剂可以包括, 但不限于: 多元醇, 例如丙三醇、 山梨糖醇、 季戊四醇、 环氧乙 烷、 环氧丙烷、 乙二醇、 聚乙二醇、 聚丙二醇、 乙二醇醚、 丙二 醇醚、 甘油醚、 水、 二甘醇、 三甘醇、 四甘醇、 及其混合物; 醇 胺, 例如乙醇胺、 二乙醇胺、 三乙醇胺、 及其混合物; 羧酸及其 盐或酯, 例如柠檬酸、 (甲基) 丙烯酸、 十二烷酸、 壬二酸、 癸 二酸、 间苯二酸、 对苯二酸、 硬脂酸盐、 单硬脂酸甘油酯、 二聚 酸、 四 [β- (3, 5-二叔丁基- 4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯、 及其 混合物; 胺, 1, 4-丁二胺、 1,6-己二胺、 4, 4,-氨基环己烷、 及其 混合物; 酰胺, 例如硬脂酸酰胺、 芥酸酰胺、 油酸酰胺、 Ν,Ν -二 甲基乙酰胺、 及其混合物; 芳族磷酸酯或亚磷酸酯, 例如磷酸三 苯酯、 亚磷酸三苯酯、 亚磷酸双酚 Α酯、 亚磷酸三 (壬基苯基) 酯、 及其混合物。
本发明的聚乙烯醇合金还可以含有作为常规添加剂的常用的 光稳定剂, 例如二苯甲酮类、 UV- 531、 UV-242, BP-4 , 受阻胺类、 788、 UV-3034 , 744中的一种或多种; 和 /或抗氧剂, 例如受阻酚 类: 1010、 3114、 330、 54 , 和亚碑酸酯类: 168、 619、 618中的 一种或多种。
根据本发明的具体实施方案, 也可根据实际需要, 包括纳米 无机材料、 着色剂、 香料、 抗菌剂等作为常规添加剂。
根据本发明的另一方面, 提供了一种制备聚乙烯醇合金的方 法, 所述方法包括: 混合所述的聚乙烯醇均聚物、 聚酰胺、 热分 解抑制剂和所述的常规添加剂,将所述共混物热塑性加工并造粒。 根据本发明的具体实施方案,所述热塑性加工可通过密炼机, 单螺杆挤出机, 默螺杆挤出机, 反应排气式单、 双螺杆挤出机等 已知的热塑性加工方法进行。
根据本发明的另一方面, 提供了一种由所述聚乙烯醇合金制 备的产品, 包括但不限于, 高阻隔性的薄膜、 中空容器、 管材和 片材等。 优选, 所述产品可以包括但不限于: 单层薄膜、 多层共 挤薄膜、 高温蒸煮膜、 欢向拉伸薄膜、 热收缩薄膜; 汽车油箱、 瓶、 桶; 燃油或输油管、 输气管。
通过比较实施例表格 2所记载的数据, 不难看出本发明聚乙 烯醇合金制备的产品与 EV0H和 EV0H与 PA的混合物相比,其拉伸 强度、 断裂伸长率均优于后者, 同时具有优异的气体阻隔性、 保 香性。 本发明人还出乎意料地发现, 该合金材料与单独的纯聚乙 烯醇或单独的纯聚酰胺树脂相比,具有更加优良的耐有机溶剂性、 耐油性、耐化学药品性。该表格 1数据还表明, 当本发明产品 PVA 含量为约 45wt。/。时,其各项性能已优于现有技术的材料, 而当 PVA 含量为约 70wt%时各项性能更是现有技术材料所无法比拟的, 并 具有非常好的加工性、 成膜性、 和加工热稳定性。
根据本发明的具体实施方案, 将本发明聚乙烯醇合金材料放 置于挤出吹膜机, 在温度分别为约 170 °C、 190 °C、 210 °C和 230 °C的加工条件下, 连续挤出吹膜约 100小时而该材料不分解不碳 化, 同时具有非常优良的透明度。
根据本发明的具体实施方案, 利用五层共挤设备, 将本发明 聚乙烯醇合金作为阻隔层 (厚度 5微米) , 并用聚乙烯等材料作 为其它层(厚度 95微米) , 制成薄膜, 其氧气透过量小于约 1. 2 cm3/ m2-24h-0. IMPa , 明显优于乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物 ( EV0H )做阻 隔层的相同共挤薄膜。
根据本发明的具体实施方案, 本发明聚乙烯醇合金可以制成 多层共挤高阻隔热收缩薄膜或双向拉伸薄膜,这些都是乙烯 -乙烯 醇共聚物 (EV0H) 所不能胜任的。
通过与其它各类材料, 如: 聚乙烯(PE)、 聚丙烯(PP)、 聚酯 (PET) ,聚酰胺(PA)等材料进行多层共挤,可以用本发明聚乙烯醇 合金制成各类不同用途的高阻隔薄膜、 高阻隔片材、 高阻隔中空 容器、 高阻隔管、 高阻隔油箱, 用于包装各类食品、 药品、 香烟、 服装、 工艺美术、 皮革制品、 文稿档案、 化工原料及中间体、 农 药、 各种油类、 精密仪器、 光学仪器和镜片等。 为此, 本发明涉及如下内容:
1. 一种聚乙烯醇合金, 基本上由约 5^^%~约 94.99wte/。的聚 乙烯醇均聚物、 约 75¥1%~约 5wt%的聚酰胺、 0.01wt%~约 20wt% 的热分解抑制剂和 0~约 20wt%的选自增塑剂、 光稳定剂和 /或抗 氧化剂的常规添加剂组成。
2. 根据上款 1的聚乙烯醇合金,其中热分解抑制剂选自脂族 磷酸酯、 脂族亚磷酸酯、 和其混合物。
3. 根据上款 1的聚乙烯醇合金,其中所述聚乙烯醇合金基本 上由约 5 1%~约 80wt%的聚乙烯醇均聚物、 约 94.9%^%~约 5wt% 的聚酰胺、 和约 0. lwt%~约 15wt%, 优选约 2wt%~约 5wt%,更优 选约 0.5¾^/。~约 1.5wt%的热分解抑制剂组成,基于聚乙烯醇合金 的总重量。
4. 根据上款 1的聚乙烯醇合金, 其中, 聚乙烯醇合金基本上 由约 25¥1:%~约 75wt%的聚乙烯醇均聚物、 约 7(^1:%~约 2!3wt%的 聚酰胺和约 2^%~约 5wt%的热分解抑制剂组成,基于聚乙烯醇合 金的总重量。
5. 根据上款 1的聚乙烯醇合金, 其中, 所述聚乙烯醇合金基 本上由约 35 ~约 70wt%的聚乙烯醇均聚物、 约 63.5¥1%~约 29. 5wt%聚酰胺和约 0. 5wt% ~约 1. 5wt%热分解抑制剂组成, 基于 聚乙烯醇合金的总重量。
6. 根据上款 1 ~ 5任一项的聚乙烯醇合金, 其中, 聚乙烯醇 均聚物的水解度至少约 88 % , 优选至少约 95 % , 更优选至少约 99 % , 其聚合度为约 500- 2, 500, 优选为约 1 , 700- 2, 000。
7. 根据上款 1 ~ 5任一项的聚乙烯醇合金, 其中, 聚酰胺选 自尼龙 6、 尼龙 66、 尼龙 11、 尼龙 1010、 尼龙 12、 尼龙 46、 尼 龙 69、 尼龙 610、 尼龙 612、 尼龙 1212、 尼龙 MXD6、 尼龙 TMDT、 上述尼龙的共聚物和共混物, 其分子量为约 10, 000-50, 000, 熔 体流动指数 ( Ml ) 为约 1- 200g八 Omin,优选为约 15- 100g/10min。
8. 根据上款 1 ~ 5任一项的聚乙烯醇合金, 其中, 热分解抑 制剂选自: 内酰胺、 氨基酸和尼龙盐、 磷酸三甲酯、 磷酸三乙酯、 磷酸三丁酯、 亚磷酸三甲酯、 亚磷酸三乙酯、 亚磷酸三丁酯。
9. 根据上款 1 ~ 7任一项的聚乙烯醇合金, 其中所述常规添 加剂选自多元醇, 例如丙三醇、 山梨糖醇、 季戊四醇、 环氧乙烷、 环氧丙烷、 乙二醇、 聚乙二醇、 聚丙二醇、 乙二醇醚、 丙二醇醚、 甘油醚、 水、 二甘醇、 三甘醇、 四甘醇、 及其混合物; 醇胺, 例 如乙醇胺、 二乙醇胺、 三乙醇胺、 及其混合物; 羧酸及其盐或酯, 例如柠檬酸、 丙烯酸类、 壬二酸、 癸二酸、 十二烷酸、 间苯二酸、 对苯二酸、 硬脂酸盐、 单硬脂酸甘油酯、 二聚酸、 四 [β- (3, 5- 二叔丁基- 4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯、 及其混合物; 胺, 例如 1,4-丁二胺、 1,6-己二胺、 4, 4,-氨基环己烷、及其混合物; 酰胺, 例如硬脂酸酰胺、 芥酸酰胺、 油酸酰胺、 Ν,Ν-二甲基乙酰胺、 及 其混合物; 芳族磷酸酯或亚磷酸酯, 例如磷酸三苯酯、 亚磷酸三 苯酯、 亚磷酸双酚 Α酯、 亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、 及其混合物。
10. 根据上款 9的聚乙烯醇合金, 其中所述聚乙烯醇合金基 本上由约 15wt% ~^ 84. 8wt%的聚乙烯醇均聚物、 约 55 wt 0% ~ 约 15wt%的聚酰胺、 约 0. 1\^% ~约 10wt%的热分解抑制剂和 0. 1¾^% ~约 20wt°/。的加工调节剂组成的, 基于聚乙烯醇合金的总 重量。
11. 一种制备上款 1 ~ 10任一项的聚乙烯醇合金的方法, 所 述方法包括: 混合所述的聚乙烯醇均聚物、 聚酰胺、 热分解抑制 剂和所述的常规添加剂, 将所述共混物热塑性加工并造粒。
12. 根据上款 1 ~ 10任一项的聚乙烯醇合金制备的高阻隔制
13. 根据上款 12的高阻隔制品, 其中, 所述制品选自薄膜、 中空容器、 管材和片材。 下面, 以非限制性实施例来进一步说明本发明。 但应注意的 是, 这些实施例不应视为是对本发明的限制。 具体实施方式
在本申请说明书和所附权利要求书中, 除非另有明确说明, 所有份和百分比均基于重量。
测试
氧气透过量依据国家标准是: GB/T1038 - 2000
二甲苯丢失量、 汽油丢失量的测试方法:
首先将薄膜封成长 16cm, 宽 11cm的膜袋, 而后装入 50亳升 的二甲苯或汽油, 将开口封死。 在分析天平上称重, 并记录所称 重量及时间, 24或 48 小时之后再继续称重, 其减少部分即为二 甲苯或汽油的丟失量。 本实施例中聚乙烯醇合金由 wty。的聚乙烯醇 (PVA) (购自 北京有机化工厂, 牌号 2099, 其标称聚合度为 2, 000, 水解度为 99%)和 84.5wrt%的尼龙 6 (PA) (购自广州榕晟化工, 其标称分 子量为 18, 500 ) 、 0.5wt°/。的癬酸三甲酯(购自天津试剂三厂)组 成。 将所述聚乙烯醇(PVA)和尼龙(PA) 、 磷酸三甲酯、 经混料 机充分混合后, 采用双螺杆挤出机(各区段温度为: 150°C、 170 °C、 180°C、 190°C、 200°C、 210°C和 220°C )和造粒机挤出造粒, 再经干燥机充分干燥后, 得到可热塑性加工的聚乙烯醇合金, 采 用单层吹膜机吹厚度为 12微米的薄膜(各区段温度为: 180°C、 200°C、 220°C和 230Ό, 机头温度为: 235°C ) 。 其物理和机械性 能参见表 1。 实施例 2
本实施例中聚乙烯醇合金由 45wt%的聚乙烯醇 (PVA) (购自 北京有机化工厂, 牌号 1799, 其标称聚合度为 1,700, 水解度为 99%)和 53.5wt%的尼龙 610 (PA) (购自广州榕晟化工, 其标称 分子量为 16, 500 )、 1.5%的碑酸三丁酯和亚磷酸三乙酯的混合物 (混合比为 1: 0.5, 购自天津试剂三厂)组成。将聚乙烯醇(PVA) 和尼龙 (PA) 、 磷酸三丁酯和亚磷酸三乙酯的混合物, 经混料机 充分混合后, 采用双螺杆挤出机(各区段温度为: 150。C:、 170°C:、 180°C、 190°C、 200°C、 210°C和 220°C ) 和造粒机挤出造粒, 再 经干燥机充分干燥后, 得到可热塑性加工的聚乙烯醇合金, 采用 单层吹膜机吹厚度为 12微米的薄膜(各区段温度为: O'C;、 190 °C、 220°C和 220°C, 机头温度为: 220°C ) 。 其物理和机械性能 参见表 1。 本实施例中聚乙烯醇合金由 70wt%的聚乙埽醇 (PVA) (购自 北京有机化工厂, 牌号 2099, 其标称聚合度为 2, 000, 水解度为 99%) , 28wt%的尼龙 6 (PA) 、 尼龙 66 ( PA ) 和尼龙 610 ( PA ) 混合物(购自广州榕晟化工, 其标称分子量为 17, 000, 混合比例 为 1: 1: 0.5) 和 2wt%的尼龙 66盐组成。 将聚乙烯醇 (P ) 、 尼 龙(PA)及尼龙 66盐经混料机充分混合后,采用双螺杆挤出机(各 区段温度为: 150° ( 、 170°C、 180°C、 190°C、 200°C、 210°C和 220 ■C ) 和造粒机挤出造粒, 再经干燥机充分干燥后, 得到可热塑性 加工的聚乙烯醇合金。 采用单层吹膜机吹厚度为 12 微米的薄膜 (各区段温度为: 180°C、 210°C、 和 220°C, 机头温度为:
220°C ) 。 其物理和机械性能参见表 1。 实施例 4
本实施例中聚乙烯醇合金由 73wt%的聚乙烯醇 (PVA) (购自 北京有机化工厂, 牌号 1799, 其标称聚合度为 1, 700, 水解度为 99%) , 25wt°/。的尼龙 6 (PA) (购自广州榕晟化工, 其标称分子 量为 18, 500 )及 2 wt%的亚磚酸三乙酯和己内酰胺的混合物(混合 比为 1: 1)组成。 将聚乙烯醇 (PVA) 、 尼龙(PA) 及亚磷酸三 乙酯和己内酰胺的混合物经混料机充分混合后, 采用双螺杆挤出 机(各区段温度为: 150°C、 170。 ( 、 180°C、 190°C、 200°C、 210 °C和 220°C ) 和造粒机挤出造粒, 再经干燥机充分干燥后, 得到 可热塑性加工的聚乙烯醇合金,采用单层吹膜机吹厚度为 12微米 的薄膜(各区段温度为: 180° ( 、 210 、 215°C和 220°C, 机头温 度为: 225°C ) 。 其物理和机械性能参见表 1。 实施例 5
本实施例中聚乙烯醇合金由 55wt%的聚乙烯醇 (P ) (购自 北京有机化工厂, 牌号 1799, 其标称聚合度为 1, 700, 水解度为 99%), 38wt%的尼龙 6 (PA) (购自广州榕晟化工, 其标称分子 量为 18, 500 )及 7wt。/。的丙三醇、 氨基酸、 四 [β- (3, 5-二叔丁基 -4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯的混合物(混合比为: 3: 1: 0.1) 組成。将聚乙烯醇(PVA)、尼龙(ΡΑ)及丙三醇、氨基酸、四 [β-(3, 5 -二叔丁基 -4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯的混合物,经混料机充 分混合后, 采用双螺杆挤出机(各区段温度为: 150°C、 170°C、 180°C、 190°C、 200°C、 210°C和 220°C ) 和造粒机挤出造粒, 再 经干燥机充分干燥后,得到可热塑性加工的聚乙烯醇合金,采用单 层吹膜机吹厚度为 12 微米的薄膜(各区段温度为: 175°C、 200 r;、 215°C和 230 , 机头温度为: 235°C ) 。 其物理和机械性能 参见表 1。 实施例 6
本实施例中聚乙烯醇合金由 85wt%的聚乙烯醇 (PVA) (购自 北京有机化工厂, 牌号 1799, 其标称聚合度为 1, 700, 水解度为 99%), 4wt/。的尼龙 6 (PA) (购自广州榕晟化工, 其标称分子量 为 18, 500 )及 llwt%的磷酸三乙酯、 丙三醇、 N,N-二甲基乙酰胺 的混合物(混合比 0.2: 2: 2)组成。将聚乙烯醇(PVA)、尼龙(PA) 及磷酸三乙酯、 丙三醇、 N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的混合物经混料机充 分混合后, 采用双螺杆挤出机(各区段温度为: 150°C、 170°C、 180°C、 190°C、 200° ( 、 210°C和 220°C ) 和造粒机挤出造粒, 再 经干燥机充分干燥后, 得到一种可热塑性加工的聚乙烯醇合金, 采用单层吹膜机吹厚度为 12微米的薄膜(各区段温度为: 170°C;、 190° ( 、 200°C和 220°C, 机头温度为: 220°C ) 。 其物理和机械性 能参见表 1。 实施例 7
本实施例中聚乙烯醇合金由 80wt%的聚乙烯醇 (PVA) (购自 北京有机化工厂, 牌号 1788, 其标称聚合度为 1,700, 水解度为 88%), 19wt%的尼龙 6 (PA) (购自广州榕晟化工, 其标称分子 量为 18,500 )及1^«的聚乙二醇、 氨基酸、 亚磷酸三苯酯的混合 物 (混合比 1:1: 0.5) 组成。 将聚乙烯醇 (PVA) 、 尼龙 (PA) 及聚乙二醇、 氨基酸、 亚磷酸三苯酯的混合物的混合物经混料机 充分混合后, 采用双螺杆挤出机(各区段温度为: 150°C、 170°C;、 180°C、 190°C、 200°C、 210°C和 220°C )和造粒机挤出造粒, 再 经干燥机充分干燥后,得到可热塑性加工的聚乙烯醇合金,釆用单 层吹膜机吹厚度为 12 微米的薄膜 (各区段温度为: 190X 、 200 °C、 220°C和 225°C, 机头温度为: 235°C ) 。 其物理和机械性能 参见表 1。 实施例 8
本实施例中聚乙烯醇合金由 65wt°/。的聚乙烯醇 (PVA) (购自 北京有机化工厂, 牌号 1799, 其标称聚合度为 1, 700, 水解度为
99%), 30wt%的尼龙 6 (PA) (购自广州榕晟化工, 其标称分子 量为 18, 500 )及 5wt%的三甘醇、 抗氧剂 1010、 己内酰胺、 光稳 定剂 788与壬二酸的混合物 (混合比 3: 0.01: 0.3: 0.1: 1 ) 组成。 将聚乙烯醇 (PVA) 、 尼龙(PA) 及三甘醇、 抗氧剂 1010、 己内 酰胺、 光稳定剂 788与壬二酸的混合物经混料机充分混合后, 采 用双螺杆挤出机(各区段温度为: 150°C、 170°C、 180°C、 190°C、
200°C、 210Ό和 220°C ) 和造粒机挤出造粒, 再经干燥机充分干 燥后,得到可热塑性加工的聚乙烯醇合金,采用单层吹膜机吹厚度 为 12微米的薄膜(各区段温度为: 190°C、 200°C、 220°C和 225
°C, 机头温度为: 235°C ) 。 其物理和机械性能参见表 1。 对比例 1:
本对比例是由 83.5wt。/。的聚乙烯醇(PVA) (购自北京有机化 工厂,牌号 1799,其标称聚合度为 1, 700,水解度为 99%), 4.5wt% 的尼龙 6 (PA) (购自广州榕晟化工, 其标称分子量为 18, 500 ) 及 12wt%的亚磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三苯酯的混合物(混合比 1: 1 )组 成的。 将聚乙烯醇(PVA) 、 尼龙(PA)及磷酸三苯酯、 磷酸三苯 酯的混合物, 经混料机充分混合后, 采用双螺杆挤出机(各区段 温度为: 150°C、 170°C、 180°C、 190°C、 190°C和 190°C )和造粒 机挤出造粒, 经挤出完全分解碳化, 根本无法造粒。 对比例 2:
本对比例是由 83.5wt%的聚乙烯醇 (PVA) (购自北京有机化 工厂, 牌号 1788, 其标称聚合度为 1, 700, 水解度为 88%), 4.5 wt%的尼龙 610( PA )(购自广州榕晟化工,其标称分子量为 18, 500 ) 及 12wt%的亚磷酸三苯酯、 丙三醇的混合物(混合比 0.5: 2 )组成 的。 将聚乙烯醇(PVA) 、 尼龙 610 (PA)及磷酸三苯酯、 丙三醇 的混合物, 经混料机充分混合后, 采用双螺杆挤出机(各区段温 度为: 150°C、 170°C、 180°C!、 190°C、 190°C和 190°C )和造粒机 挤出造粒, 其颗粒外观为深黄色, 并伴有强烈的刺激性气味, 经 充分干燥后采用单层吹膜机吹制厚度为 12微米的薄膜(各区段温 度为: 170°C、 180°C、 190°C和 190Ό, 机头温度为: 190°C ) 。 其物理和机械数据参照表 2。 对比例 3:
本对比例是由 85wt%的聚乙烯醇 (PVA) (购自北京有机化工 厂, 牌号 1788, 其标称聚合度为 1,700, 水解度为 88%), 15wt% 的三乙醇胺、 丙三醇的混合物 (混合比为: 0.5: 1 ) 组成的。 将 聚乙烯醇(PVA)和三乙醇胺、 丙三醇的混合物, 经混料机充分混 合后, 采用双螺杆挤出机 (各区段温度为: 150"C、 170°C;、 180 °C、 190°C、 190°C和 19Q°C ) 和造粒机挤出造粒, 经充分干燥后 采用单层吹膜机吹制厚度为 12微米的薄膜(各区段温度为: 170 °C、 180°C;、 185°C和 185°C, 机头温度为: 185°C ) 。 其物理和机 械数据参照表 2。 对比例 :
本对比例是由 55^%的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EV0H) (制造商: 曰本合成化学, 其乙烯含量为: 32%)和 45wt%的尼龙 6 (PA) (购 自广州榕晟化工, 其标称分子量为 18, 500 ) 组成。 将所述乙烯- 乙烯醇共聚物 (EV0H) 和尼龙(PA) 经混料机充分混合后, 采用 双螺杆挤出机(各区段温度为: 170°C、 170°C、 180°C、 190°C、 210°C、 230°C和 230°C )和造粒机挤出造粒, 再经干燥机充分干 燥后, 采用单层吹膜机吹厚度为 12微米的薄膜(各区段温度为: 180°C、 220°C, 230°C和 230°C, 机头温度为: 230°C ) 。 其物理 和机械性能参见表 2。 对比例 5:
将乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物 (EV0H) (制造商: 日本合成化学, 其 乙烯含量为: 32%)采用单层吹膜机吹厚度为 15微米的薄膜(各区 段温度为: 180°C、 220°C、 230Ό和 230°C, 机头温度为: 230°C )。 其物理和机械性能参见表 2。 对比例 6:
将尼龙 6 (PA) (购自广州榕晟化工,其标称分子量为 18, 500 ) 组成经充分干燥后, 采用挤出流延机(各区段温度为: 190°C;、 220 、 235°C和 235°C, 机头温度为: 240°C ) , 流延成 12微米的尼 龙薄膜, 其物理和机械性能参见表 2。
表 1
Figure imgf000019_0001
Ex.1 - 8均代表实施例 1 ~实施例 8
2. 见本申请 "测试" 部
表 2
Figure imgf000020_0001
注: 1. CE.l - 6均代表对比例 1 ~ 6。
2.见本申请 "测试" 部分
通过以上实施例与对比例的对比不难看出, 对比例 1 采用 4. 5%的尼龙和水解度 99的聚乙烯醇 P 及高含量的芳族磷酸酯和 亚磷酸酯根本无法使合成材料塑化。 而通过其它实施例表 1与对 比例表 1的各项数据, 不难看出本发明实施例 2在聚乙烯醇 PVA 含量仅为 45%时其各项数据均好于乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EV0H, 聚 乙烯醇含量为: 68% ) 等对比例, 而实施例 3和 4的各项数据表 明更是远远好于对比例的各项数据。 虽然本发明已经就某些实施方案进行了描述, 但是本发明不 局限于所公开的具体实施方案或实施例, 而是希望覆盖在由所附 权利要求书定义的本发明主旨和范围内的全部改进形式。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种聚乙烯醇合金, 基本上由约 5wt% ~约 94. 99wt%的聚 乙烯醇均聚物、 约 75¾^% ~约 5wt°/。的聚酰胺、 0. 01 1;% ~约 20wt% 的热分解抑制剂和 0 ~约 20wt%的选自增塑剂、 光稳定剂和 /或抗 氧化剂的常规添加剂组成。
2. 根据权利要求 1的聚乙烯醇合金, 其中热分解抑制剂选自 脂族磷酸酯、 脂族亚磷酸酯、 和其混合物。
3. 根据权利要求 1的聚乙烯醇合金, 其中所述聚乙烯醇合金 基本上由约
Figure imgf000022_0001
~约 5wt°/。的聚酰胺、 和约 0. lwt% ~约 15wt%, 优选约 2wt°/。~约 5wt%, 更优选约 0. 5wt% ~约 1. 5wt%的热分解抑制剂组成,基于聚乙烯醇 合金的总重量。
4. 根据权利要求 1的聚乙烯醇合金, 其中, 聚乙烯醇合金基 本上由约 25wt% ~约 75wt%的聚乙烯醇均聚物、约 70wt% -约 23wt% 的聚酰胺和约 2¾^% ~约 5¾^%的热分解抑制剂组成,基于聚乙烯醇 合金的总重量。
5. 根据权利要求 1的聚乙烯醇合金, 其中, 所述聚乙烯醇合 金基本上由约 35¾^/。~约 70wt%的聚乙烯醇均聚物、约 63. 5wt% ~ 约 29. 5wt%聚酰胺和约 0. 5wt% ~约 1. 5wt%热分解抑制剂组成,基 于聚乙烯醇合金的总重量。
6. 根据权利要求 1的聚乙烯醇合金, 其中, 聚乙烯醇均聚物 的水解度至少约 88 %, 优选至少约 95 % , 更优选至少约 99 %, 其聚合度为约 500-2, 500, 优选为约 1, 700-2, 000。
7. 根据权利要求 1的聚乙烯醇合金, 其中, 聚酰胺选自尼龙 6、 尼龙 66、 尼龙 11、 尼龙 1010、 尼龙 12、 尼龙 46、 尼龙 69、 尼龙 610、 尼龙 612、 尼龙 1212、 尼龙 MXD6、 尼龙 TMDT、 上述尼 龙的共聚物和共混物, 其分子量为约 10, 000-50, 000, 熔体流动 指数 ( Ml ) 为约 1- 200g八 Omin,优选为约 15-100g/10mino
8. 根据权利要求 1的聚乙烯醇合金, 其中, 热分解抑制剂选 自: 内酰胺、 氨基酸和尼龙盐、 磷酸三甲酯、 磷酸三乙酯、 磷酸 三丁酯、 亚碑酸三曱酯、 亚碑酸三乙酯、 亚碑酸三丁酯。
9. 根据权利要求 1的聚乙烯醇合金, 其中所述常规添加剂选 自多元醇, 例如丙三醇、 山梨糖醇、 季戊四醇、 环氧乙烷、 环氧 丙烷、 乙二醇、 聚乙二醇、 聚丙二醇、 乙二醇醚、 丙二醇醚、 甘 油醚、 水、 二甘醇、 三甘醇、 四甘醇、 及其混合物; 醇胺, 例如 乙醇胺、 二乙醇胺、 三乙醇胺、 及其混合物; 羧酸及其盐或酯, 例如柠檬酸、 丙烯酸类、 壬二酸、 癸二酸、 十二烷酸、 间苯二酸、 对苯二酸、 硬脂酸盐、 单硬脂酸甘油酯、 二聚酸、 四 [β- (3, 5- 二叔丁基- 4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯、 及其混合物; 胺, 例如 1,4-丁二胺、 1, 6-己二胺、 4, 4,-氨基环己烷、及其混合物; 酰胺, 例如硬脂酸酰胺、 芥酸酰胺、 油酸酰胺、 Ν,Ν-二甲基乙酰胺、 及 其混合物; 芳族磷酸酯或亚磷酸酯, 例如磷酸三苯酯、 亚磷酸三 苯酯、 亚磷酸双酚 Α酯、 亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、 及其混合物。
10. 根据权利要求 9 的聚乙烯醇合金, 其中所述聚乙烯醇合 金基本上由约 15wt% ~约 84. 8wt%的聚乙烯醇均聚物、 约 55 wt°/。0% ~约 15wt%的聚酰胺、约 0. lwt% ~约 10wt%的热分解抑制剂 和 0. 1\^% ~约 20wt%的加工调节剂组成的, 基于聚乙烯醇合金的 总重量。
11. 一种制备权利要求 1 的聚乙烯醇合金的方法, 所述方法 包括: 混合所述的聚乙烯醇均聚物、 聚酰胺、 热分解抑制剂和所 述的常规添加剂, 将所述共混物热塑性加工并造粒。
12. 根据权利要求 1的聚乙烯醇合金制备的高阻隔制品。
13. 根据权利要求 12的高阻隔制品, 其中, 所述制品选自薄 膜、 中空容器、 管材和片材。
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