WO2008086683A1 - Machine de découpage par fil-électrode à étincelle électrique - Google Patents

Machine de découpage par fil-électrode à étincelle électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008086683A1
WO2008086683A1 PCT/CN2007/003472 CN2007003472W WO2008086683A1 WO 2008086683 A1 WO2008086683 A1 WO 2008086683A1 CN 2007003472 W CN2007003472 W CN 2007003472W WO 2008086683 A1 WO2008086683 A1 WO 2008086683A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wire
bracket
frame
electric discharge
motor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2007/003472
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yanqiu Wang
Original Assignee
Jiangsu Sanxing Machinery Manufacture Co., Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jiangsu Sanxing Machinery Manufacture Co., Ltd filed Critical Jiangsu Sanxing Machinery Manufacture Co., Ltd
Publication of WO2008086683A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008086683A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23HWORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H7/00Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
    • B23H7/02Wire-cutting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23HWORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H7/00Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
    • B23H7/02Wire-cutting
    • B23H7/08Wire electrodes
    • B23H7/10Supporting, winding or electrical connection of wire-electrode

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wire electric discharge machine tool and belongs to the technical field of wire electric discharge machine tools.
  • the wire electric discharge machine includes a bed body, a wire transport mechanism, a wire frame, a work table, a working fluid system, a machine tool electrical appliance, and a numerical control system.
  • the wire transport mechanism usually includes a wire guide plate guide pair. (usually V-shaped guide rail pair), transmission component (spindle pair), wire motor, coupling, timing belt transmission mechanism, upper and lower carriages, fixed storage drums for transporting the wire on the wire, stroke
  • the transporting plate is fixedly mounted on the bed horizontally, and the transporting plate is mounted on the lower transporting plate by the longitudinally mounted guide rails, and the storage wire cartridge is fixedly mounted on the transporting wire on the transporting plate.
  • the wire motor is also fixedly mounted horizontally on the transporting board. It is installed coaxially with the storage tube and located on one side of the storage tube.
  • the output shaft is connected to the shaft of the storage drum through a coupling to drive the storage tube.
  • the top of the shaft of the storage drum is also equipped with a timing pulley, and the wire motor drives the screw to rotate through the synchronous belt transmission mechanism, and the upper plate of the wire fixed with the wire mother will linearly move along the screw.
  • the travel switch makes the wire motor run in time, and the wire storage tube will horizontally reciprocate linearly along the guide rail at the same time to realize the wire and discharge, and the outer cover of the wire transport mechanism is also equipped with a protective cover;
  • the wire frame includes a column fixed to the bed body and an upper arm, a lower arm and a plurality of guide wheels connected to the column;
  • a plurality of transitional guide wheels, upper and lower main wheel are closed on the upper arm and the upper and lower main wheel on the top side of the lower arm (machining zone) to form a loop.
  • the workbench includes a lower carriage, an upper carriage, a carriage motor, a table carriage guide pair, and a transmission assembly.
  • the worktable can realize the X and Y cross-type transportation under the driving of the carriage motor.
  • the workpiece is placed on the work surface, and the portion to be processed is located in the processing area.
  • wire electric discharge machine tools also include a tension adjustment mechanism (usually a heavy hammer type tensioning device). After the wire wire wound around the wire storage tube is taken out from the wire storage tube, the tension adjusting mechanism and a plurality of The transition guide wheel and the main wheel are closed at the upper arm and the upper and lower main wheel on the top side of the lower arm (machining zone) to form a loop;
  • a tension adjustment mechanism usually a heavy hammer type tensioning device
  • the existing EDM wire cutting machine has a long body, a large volume and a high cost. Since the carrying plate of the wire storage drum and the wire feeding motor is horizontally reciprocating linear motion, the occupied space is large, and it can only be disposed on the other side of the column body away from the processing area, and the length of the bed body is necessarily long. The bed is large in size, consumes a lot of materials, and costs a lot.
  • the guide rail of the wire transporting machine has high processing precision and high processing cost.
  • the change, the smoothness of the operation of the storage drum, etc. all affect the stability of the tension of the wire in the processing zone.
  • the screw pair in the wire transporting mechanism is easy to wear and has a high maintenance rate.
  • the transporter on the transport wire which is fixed to the silk mother, carries the wire storage drum and the wire drive motor, and has a large weight and a serious weight on the motor side.
  • the present invention is directed to providing a 3 ⁇ 4 low wire electric discharge machine.
  • the electric discharge wire cutting machine includes a bed body, a wire feeding mechanism, a wire frame, a work table, a working fluid system, a machine tool electrical appliance, and a numerical control system, wherein
  • the wire transporting mechanism comprises a wire motor, a coupling, a wire storage tube and a travel switch.
  • the coaxial wire of the wire motor is fixed on one side of the wire storage tube, and the output shaft drives the wire storage drum through the coupling to perform a rotary motion.
  • the wire motor shaft or the spool shaft is also connected to the active member in the transmission mechanism;
  • the wire frame includes a column fixed to the bed body and an upper arm, a lower arm and a plurality of guide wheels connected to the column;
  • a plurality of transitional guide wheels, upper and lower main wheel are closed on the upper arm and the upper and lower main wheel on the top side of the lower arm to form a loop;
  • the workbench includes a lower carriage, an upper carriage, a carriage motor, a table carriage guide pair, and a transmission assembly.
  • the table can realize X, Y-cross motion by the carriage motor, and the workpiece is placed on the work surface. Above, the part to be processed is located in the processing area;
  • the wire transporting mechanism further comprises a fixed position bracket, a wire arrangement frame equipped with the wire guide wheel, a guiding device mounted on the bracket and having a guiding direction parallel to the shaft of the wire storage drum, the wire motor,
  • the wire storage drums are fixedly mounted on the brackets, and the wire arranging frame is fixedly connected with the driven parts of the transmission mechanism, and at the same time, the wire arranging frame is fixedly connected with the moving parts in the guiding device, and the wire wire wound around the wire storage tube
  • the wire guide wheel on the wire arrangement frame is closed by the transition guide wheel and the main wheel at the top and bottom of the upper arm and the lower side of the lower arm to form a loop.
  • the transmission mechanism may adopt a timing belt transmission mechanism and a screw rod pair structure, and the screw rod is fixedly mounted on the bracket, and the nut is screwed thereto, and the main timing pulley in the timing belt transmission mechanism is installed on On the wire shaft or the shaft of the wire storage drum, the screw rod is connected with the fixed phase of the synchronous pulley, and the wire arrangement is connected with the fixed wire of the wire;
  • the guiding device can adopt a guiding rod device, which comprises a guiding rod mounted on the bracket and a sliding sleeve which is sleeved on the guiding rod and can slide along the guiding rod, and the wire discharging frame is fixedly connected with the sliding sleeve.
  • the wire motor, the wire cartridge, and the bracket are all fixed components, and the wire frame with a small mass is a moving component, and the guide wire pair of the wire feeding mechanism with high processing precision is omitted.
  • the wire motor drives the wire storage drum through the coupling to make a rotary motion.
  • the wire motor drives the reciprocating linear motion along the guide bar parallel to the axis of the wire storage drum through the synchronous belt transmission mechanism and the screw rod drive. Wire and discharge.
  • the wire storage drum and the wire motor do not need to reciprocate linearly, which eliminates the need to transport the wire under the carriage and the wire on the wire that needs to reciprocate linear movement.
  • the occupied vertical space is small, and the width of the wire barrel can be reduced. , the cost of the bed is reduced;
  • the wire guide and the wire guide of the wire transport mechanism are omitted, and the wire guide with lower quality and the guide bar device with lower price are used, and the wire is discharged through the wire frame, which greatly reduces the wire drive plate and The high cost brought by the guide rail of the wire feeder;
  • the bracket is attached to a bed that is relatively close to the processing zone.
  • the wire motor and the wire storage drum are fixedly mounted on the bracket, and the direction of the shaft of the wire storage drum is vertical.
  • a cavity is formed in the column, and a wire slot and a wire slot are respectively formed in the cavity wall of the column, and the wire motor, the wire storage tube, the guide rod, the timing belt transmission mechanism and the wire arrangement frame are fixedly mounted.
  • the bracket is fixedly mounted in the cavity of the column, and the direction of the shaft of the wire barrel is vertical.
  • a further technical solution allows the bed length to be further reduced, the bed cost to be further reduced, and the machine structure to be more compact. This technical solution also improves the waterproof performance of the wire motor and the wire storage tube, and saves the protective cover.
  • the guide bar device preferably uses two guide bars.
  • the guide rod device can also adopt a linear bearing pair.
  • a tension adjusting mechanism may also be adopted. After the wire wires around the wire storage tube are respectively taken out from both sides of the wire storage tube, the wire guiding guide wheel on the wire arranging frame is further controlled by a tension adjusting mechanism and a transition guide wheel. The wheel closes on the upper arm and the upper and lower main wheels on the top side of the lower arm to form a loop.
  • the tension adjusting mechanism can also adopt a spring guide wheel type tension adjusting mechanism, and the transition guide wheel on the wire frame is mounted on a guide block which can slide horizontally to the left and right, and one side of the guide block is provided with a spring. .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial rear elevational view of the embodiment of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the transmission of the embodiment shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a left side view of the embodiment shown in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 9 is a partial enlarged view of the rear top spring type tension adjusting mechanism of Figure 8.
  • a first embodiment of the present invention is a wire electric discharge machine for a vertical operation of a wire motor and a wire storage drum. It consists of a bed body 1, a wire transport mechanism 2, a wire frame, a work table, a tension adjustment mechanism 15, a working fluid system (not shown), a machine tool and a numerical control system (not shown), among which
  • the column 10 is fixed on the bed 1 , and the upper arm 3 and the lower arm 4 are connected with the column, and the transition guide wheel 12 and the upper main wheel 8 and the lower main wheel 9 are respectively mounted thereon;
  • the workbench is installed under the upper main wheel 8 and the lower main wheel 9, and includes a carriage motor, a transmission assembly, a table carriage guide pair, a table lower carriage 6 installed through the table carriage guide pair, and a work table.
  • the carriage 5, the table can realize the X and Y cross-type movement under the driving of the carriage motor, and the workpiece is placed on the work surface, and the processing part to be processed is located in the processing area between the upper main wheel 8 and the lower main wheel 9.
  • the wire transport mechanism includes a bracket 16, a wire motor 14, a coupling 26, a wire cartridge 13, a timing pulley 22, a timing belt 23, a screw pair, and a travel switch.
  • the bracket 16 is fixedly mounted on the column 10, and the wire motor 14 and the wire storage tube 13 are vertically and coaxially mounted on the bracket 16, and the output shaft of the wire motor 14 is connected to the wire shaft through the coupling 26.
  • the upper end of the spool shaft 25 is equipped with a main timing pulley 22;
  • the bracket 16 is further provided with a wire arranging frame 19, two guiding rods 17 fixed to the bracket 16 in parallel with the spool shaft 25, a screw rod 20, and a thread nut 21 fixed to the wire arranging frame 19 and
  • the lead screw 20 is screwed together, and at the same time, the wire arranging frame 19 is fixedly connected with the sliding sleeve 18 which is set on the guiding rod, and the top end of the screw rod 20 is mounted with the synchronous timing pulley.
  • the wire storage drum When the wire motor is working, the wire storage drum is driven to rotate, and at the same time, the wire is taken up and discharged, and the screw is driven by the timing belt transmission mechanism, and then driven by the wire mother 21
  • the wire arranging frame 19 is linearly moved parallel to the wire barrel shaft 25 along the guide rod 17.
  • the wire motor is reversely operated to realize the wire arranging.
  • the wire is guided by the wire guide wheel 35 and then closed by the tension adjusting mechanism 15, the main wheel 8, 9 and the return wire tube 13 to form a loop.
  • the movement of the wire arranging frame 19 is controlled such that the wire loops via the wire guide pulley 35, the main wheel 8, 9 and the transitional guide wheel 12 are located in one plane throughout the winding and unwinding process, This helps to maintain the stability of the wire tension in the processing zone.
  • Such motion control is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art and will not be described again herein.
  • a second embodiment of the present invention is a wire electric discharge machine for horizontally placing a wire motor and a wire storage drum. It is also composed of a bed, a wire feeder, a wire frame, a workbench, a tension adjustment mechanism, a working fluid system (not shown), a machine tool and a numerical control system (not shown), among which, the bed
  • the structure of the wire frame, the work table, the tension adjusting mechanism 15, the working fluid system, the machine tool electrical appliance, and the numerical control system portion is identical to the structure of the corresponding portion of the first embodiment.
  • the bracket is fixed on the bed 1
  • the wire motor and the wire storage tube are horizontally mounted on the bracket
  • the guiding device adopts a linear bearing pair, which is the same as the first embodiment, two linear bearing spindles 17, and a screw rod 20 They are all mounted on the bracket and parallel with the spool shaft 25, and the wire rack 19 is fixedly connected with the linear bearing set on the linear bearing mandrel, and at the same time, it is fixedly connected with the wire nut 21.
  • the wire motor is in operation
  • the wire barrel is only rotated, and the wire frame 19 is reciprocated linearly in the direction of the axis 25 (horizontal direction) of the wire barrel along the guide rod 17.
  • the shield 34 is mounted on the right side of the wire feeder.
  • a cavity 24 is opened in the column 10, and a wire slot and a wire slot 29 are respectively formed in the cavity wall of the column, and the fixed slot is installed.
  • Wire motor, wire storage tube, guide rod, timing belt transmission mechanism, The bracket of the wire arranging frame is fixedly installed in the column cavity 24, and the direction of the shaft of the wire storage drum is vertical.
  • the wire motor and the wire storage tube are in a vertical and coaxial state. This embodiment does not use a tension adjusting mechanism. After the wire is taken out from the wire storage tube, the wire guide wheel and the transition guide wheel on the left side of the upper arm are The upper main wheel, the lower main wheel, and the wire receiving wire are arranged.
  • the fourth embodiment of the present invention is the only difference from the three embodiments.
  • the rear top spring guide wheel type tension adjusting mechanism is adopted, and the transition guide wheel on the left side of the upper arm is installed in a horizontal direction.
  • the guide block On the guide block sliding left and right, the guide block is mounted in a cavity opened on the left side of the upper arm, and a compression spring 31 is mounted on the right side of the guide block.
  • the number of guide rollers passing through the wire closing loop is small, and the sensitivity of the tension adjustment is high.
  • the present invention has many embodiments.
  • the transmission mechanism may adopt a gear pair, a screw nut pair, a rack and pinion pair, etc.
  • the guiding device may adopt a linear guide pair and a sliding guide.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Description

电火花线切割机床
(一 )技术领域:
本发明涉及一种电火花线切割机床, 属于电火花线切割机床 技术领域。
(二) 背景技术:
现有技术中, 电火花线切割机床包括床身、运丝机构、 线架、 工作台、 工作液***、 机床电器及数控***几大部分, 其中, 运丝机构通常包括运丝拖板导轨副 (通常为 V形导轨副) 、 传动组件 (丝杆副) 、 运丝电机、 联轴器、 同步带传动机构、 运 丝上下拖板、 固定安装于运丝上拖板的贮丝筒、 行程开关, 运丝 下拖板水平地固定安装于床身上, 运丝上拖板通过纵向安装的导 轨副安装于运丝下拖板上,贮丝筒固定水平安装于运丝上拖板上, 运丝电机也固定水平地安装于运丝上拖板上, 它与贮丝筒同轴线 安装并位于贮丝筒一侧, 其输出轴通过联轴器连接贮丝筒轴, 驱 动贮丝筒做旋转运动, 贮丝筒轴顶端还装有同步带轮, 运丝电机 通过同步带传动机构驱动丝杆转动, 与丝母相固定的运丝上拖板 即会沿丝杆作轴向直线运动, 两侧设有的行程开关使得运丝电机 及时换向运转, 贮丝筒便会同时沿导轨做水平往复直线运动, 实 现排丝、 放丝, 运丝机构外侧还装有防护罩;
线架包括固定在床身上的立柱及与立柱相连接的上臂、 下臂 及若干导轮;
绕于贮丝筒上的电极丝从贮丝筒引出后, 经若干过渡导轮、 上、 下主导轮在上臂、 下臂顶端一侧的上、 下主导轮间 (加工区) 闭合形成环路;
工作台包括下拖板、 上拖板、 拖板电机、 工作台拖板导轨副、 传动组件, 工作台在拖板电机的驱动下可实现 X、 Y向十字型运 动, 工件置于该工作台面上, 其待加工部位恰位于加工区。
为提高加工精度, 不少电火花线切割机床还包括张力调节机 构 (通常为重锤式张紧装置) , 绕于贮丝筒上的电极丝从贮丝筒 引出后, 经张力调节机构及若干过渡导轮、 主导轮在上臂、 下臂 顶端一侧的上、 下主导轮间 (加工区) 闭合形成环路;
现有技术存在着如下不足之处:
1.现有电火花线切割机床床身长、 体积大、 成本高。 由于承 载贮丝筒和运丝电机的运丝上拖板作水平往复直线运动, 占用空 间较大, 它只能设置在床身上远离加工区的立柱的另一侧, 床身 身长必然较长, 床身体积大、 耗材多、 成本高。
2.操作不便, 贮丝筒距上、 下主导轮距离远, 装丝不便。
3.运丝机构中的导轨副加工精度要求高, 加工成本高。 我们 知道, 影响加工精度的主要因素取决于加工区内电极丝的张力的 稳定性, 张力调节机构、 电极丝经过的导轮数量、 电极丝进入主 导轮的角度、 闭合环路中电极丝长度的变化、 贮丝筒运行的平稳 性等均会影响加工区内电极丝的张力的稳定性。
4.运丝机构中的丝杆副易磨损, 维修率高。 与丝母相固定的 运丝上拖板承载着贮丝筒和运丝电机, 重量大且电机一侧严重偏 重。
5.现有技术的电极丝闭合环路中, 电极丝经过的导轮数量 多, 这必然会影响到张力调节机构对加工区内电极丝的张力调节 的灵敏度。
(三)发明内容:
本发明旨在提供了一种¾本低的电火花线切割机床。
本发明的技术解决方案如下:
电火花线切割机床包括床身、 运丝机构、 线架、 工作台、 工 作液***、 机床电器及数控***几大部分, 其中, 运丝机构包括运丝电机、 联轴器、 贮丝筒、 行程开关, 运丝 电机同轴线固定位于贮丝筒的一侧, 其输出轴通过联轴器驱动贮 丝筒做旋转运动, 运丝电机轴或贮丝筒轴还与传动机构中的主动 件相连接;
线架包括固定在床身上的立柱及与立柱相连接的上臂、 下臂 及若干导轮;
绕于贮丝筒上的电极丝从贮丝筒引出后, 经若干过渡导轮、 上、 下主导轮在上臂、 下臂顶端一侧的上、 下主导轮间闭合形成 环路;
工作台包括下拖板、 上拖板、 拖板电机、 工作台拖板导轨副、 传动组件, 工作台在拖板电机的驱动下可实现 X、 Y向十字型运 动, 工件置于该工作台面上, 其待加工部位恰位于加工区;
其特征在于:
所述运丝机构还包括一个位置固定的支架、 一个装有排丝导 轮的排丝架、 安装于上述支架上的导向方向与贮丝筒轴相平行的 导向装置, 所述运丝电机、 贮丝筒均固定安装于上述支架上, 排 丝架与传动机构的从动件固定相连接, 同时, 排丝架与导向装置 中的运动件固定相连接, 绕于贮丝筒上的电极丝从贮丝筒两边分 别引出后, 经排丝架上的排丝导轮再经过渡导轮、主导轮在上臂、 下臂顶端一侧的上、 下主导轮间闭合形成环路。
上述结构中, 所述传动机构可采用同步带传动机构和丝杆副 结构, 丝杆固定安装于上述支架上, 丝母与之螺旋连接, 所述同 步带传动机构中的主同步带轮安装于运丝电轴机或贮丝筒轴上, 丝杆与从同步带轮固定相连接, 排丝架与丝母固定相连接;
上述结构中, 所述导向装置可采用导向杆装置, 它包括安装 于上述支架上的导向杆和套装于导向杆上并可沿导向杆滑动的滑 套, 排丝架与滑套固定相连接。 上述结构中, 运丝电机、 贮丝筒、 支架均为位置固定的部件, 质量较小的排丝架为运动部件, 省去了加工精度要求高的运丝机 构导轨副。 运丝电机通过联轴器驱动贮丝筒做旋转运动, 同时, 运丝电机通过同步带传动机构、 丝杆副驱动排丝架沿与贮丝筒轴 相平行的导向杆作往复直线运动, 实现排丝、 放丝。
上述结构的优点在于:
1. 贮丝筒、 运丝电机毋须往复直线运动, 省去了运丝下拖板 及需往复直线运动的运丝上拖板, 占用纵向空间较小, 运丝机构 段床身宽度可减小, 床身成本得以降低;
2. 省去了运丝拖板及运丝机构导轨副, 转而采用质量较小的 排丝架与价格较低的导向杆装置, 通过排丝架排丝, 大大降低了 运丝拖板及运丝机构导轨副带来的高成本;
3. 与运丝机构中的丝母相固定的为质量较小的排丝架,承载 力低, 且不存在着一侧严重偏重问题, 磨损率大为降低, 降低了 维修率;
4. 运丝机构运动时, 运丝电机必须频繁换向, 上述结构由于 将运丝电机的位置固定,其振动大为减小,提高了加工的稳定性。
进一步的技术解决方案为:
所述支架固定在相对接近于加工区的床身上。
该技术解决方案使得床身长度可减小五分之一, 床身成本大 为降低。 同时, 贮丝筒距上、 下主导轮距离减小, 装丝操作更为 方便;
又进一步的技术解决方案为:
所述运丝电机、 贮丝筒均固定安装于支架上, 贮丝筒轴的方 向为竖直方向。
竖直布置的电机及贮丝筒占用水平空间较小, 床身宽度可进 一步减小, 床身成本可进一步降低。 再进一步的技术解决方案为:
所述立柱内开有空腔, 立柱空腔壁上分别开有排丝槽孔和出 丝槽孔, 固定安装有运丝电机、 贮丝筒、 导向杆、 同步带传动机 构、 排丝架的支架固定安装于立柱空腔内, 贮丝筒轴的方向为竖 直方向。
再进一步的技术解决方案可使床身长度可进一步减小, 床身 成本可进一步降低, 机床结构更为紧凑。 该技术解决方案同时提 高了运丝电机及贮丝筒的防水性能, 并省去了防护罩。
上述结构中, 导向杆装置以釆用两个导向杆为宜。
上述结构中, 导向杆装置还可采用直线轴承副。
上述结构中, 还可采用张力调节机构, 绕于贮丝筒上的电极 丝从贮丝筒两边分别引出后, 经排丝架上的排丝导轮再经张力调 节机构、 过渡导轮、 主导轮在上臂、 下臂顶端一侧的上、 下主导 轮间闭合形成环路。
上述结构中, 张力调节机构还可釆用弹簧导轮式张力调节机 构, 位于线架上的过渡导轮安装于一个可沿水平方向左右滑动的 导块上, 该导块的一侧装有弹簧。
(四) 附图说明:
以下将结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明: 附图 1为本发明第一个实施例的示意图;
图 2为图 1所示实施例的局部后视图;
图 3为图 1所示实施例中的剖视图;
图 4为图 1所示实施例的传动原理图;
图 5为本发明第二个实施例的示意图;
图 6为图 5所示实施例的左视图;
图 7为本发明第三个实施例的结构示意图;
图 8为本发明第四个实施例的结构示意图; 图 9为图 8中后顶弹簧式张力调节机构的局部放大图。
(五)具体实施方式:
参见附图 1本发明第一个实施例为运丝电机及贮丝筒立式安 置的电火花线切割机床。 它由床身 1、运丝机构 2、线架、工作台、 张力调节机构 15、 工作液***(图中未标示) 、 机床电器及数控 ***(图中未标示) 几大部分组成, 其中,
立柱 10固定在床身 1上, 上臂 3、 下臂 4与立柱相连接, 其 上分别装有过渡导轮 12及上主导轮 8、 下主导轮 9;
工作台安装于上主导轮 8、 下主导轮 9下方, 它包括拖板电 机、 传动组件、 工作台拖板导轨副、 通过工作台拖板导轨副安装 的工作台下拖板 6、工作台上拖板 5, 工作台在拖板电机的驱动下 可实现 X、 Y向十字型运动, 工件置于该工作台面上, 其待加工 部位恰位于上主导轮 8、 下主导轮 9间的加工区内。
参见图 2和图 3, 运丝机构包括支架 16、 运丝电机 14、 联轴 器 26、 贮丝筒 13、 同步带轮 22、 同步带 23、 丝杆副、 行程开关
27、 排丝架 19、 导向杆 17、 滑套 18。
在本实施例中, 支架 16固定安装于立柱 10上, 运丝电机 14 及贮丝筒 13竖直同轴地安装支架 16上,运丝电机 14输出轴通过 联轴器 26连接贮丝筒轴 25, 驱动贮丝筒做旋转运动, 贮丝筒轴 25的上端装有主同步带轮 22;
支架 16上还安装有排丝架 19、 与贮丝筒轴 25相平行、 固定 安装于上述支架 16上的两根导向杆 17、 丝杆 20, 固定于排丝架 19上的丝母 21与丝杆 20螺旋连接, 同时, 排丝架 19与套装于 导向杆的滑套 18固定相连接, 丝杆 20的顶端安装有从同步带轮
28, 通过同步带 23实现传动。
当运丝电机工作时, 驱动贮丝筒做旋转运动, 同时收丝、 放 丝, 并通过同步带传动机构驱动丝杆转动, 继而通过丝母 21驱动 排丝架 19沿导向杆 17作平行于贮丝筒轴 25的直线运动,当排丝 架 19运行并触及行程开关 27时, 运丝电机反向工作, 从而实现 排丝。
绕于贮丝筒 13上的电极丝从引出后, 经排丝架导轮 35再经 张力调节机构 15、 主导轮 8、 9、 再回贮丝筒 13闭合形成环路。
优选地, 控制排丝架 19的运动, 使得经由排丝架导轮 35、 主导轮 8、 9和过渡导轮 12的电极丝环路在整个收丝、 放丝过程 中位于在一个平面内, 这有助于保持加工区内电极丝张力的稳定 性。 这种运动控制对于本领域普通技术人员来说是公知的, 这里 不再赘述。
参见附图 5、 6, 本发明第二个实施例为运丝电机及贮丝筒水 平安置的电火花线切割机床。 它同样由床身、 运丝机构、 线架、 工作台、 张力调节机构、 工作液*** (图中未标示) 、 机床电器 及数控*** (图中未标示) 几大部分组成, 其中, 床身、 线架、 工作台、 张力调节机构 15、 工作液***、 机床电器及数控***部 分的结构与第一个实施例相应部分的结构完全相同, 两个实施例 所不同的是, 第二个实施例中支架固定在床身 1上, 运丝电机及 贮丝筒均水平安装于支架上, 导向装置采用直线轴承副, 与第一 个实施例相同, 两根直线轴承心轴 17、 丝杆 20均安装于支架上, 并与贮丝筒轴 25相平行, 排丝架 19与套装于直线轴承心轴的直 线轴承固定相连接, 同时, 它与丝母 21固定相连接。 当运丝电机 工作时, 贮丝筒只做旋转运动, 同时排丝架 19沿导向杆 17作平 行于贮丝筒轴 25方向 (水平方向) 的往复直线运动。 防护罩 34 安装于运丝机构右侧。
参见附图 7, 本发明第三个实施例电火花线切割机床中, 立 柱 10中开有空腔 24, 立柱空腔壁上分别开有排丝槽孔和出丝槽 孔 29, 固定安装有运丝电机、 贮丝筒、导向杆、 同步带传动机构、 排丝架的支架固定安装于立柱空腔 24内,贮丝筒轴的方向为竖直 方向。 运丝电机与贮丝筒呈竖直、 同轴状态, 该实施例没有采用 张力调节机构, 电极丝从贮丝筒引出后, 经排丝架放丝导轮、 上 臂左侧的过渡导轮、 上主导轮、 下主导轮、 排丝架收丝导轮排丝。
本发明第四个实施例, 参与图 8, 与笫三个实施例唯一不同 的是, 采用了后顶弹簧导轮式张力调节机构, 位于上臂左侧的过 渡导轮安装于一个可沿水平方向左右滑动的导块上, 该导块安装 于上臂左侧上开有的空腔内, 导块的右侧装有压簧 31。
第四个实施例中, 电极丝闭合环路中经过导轮数量少, 张力 调节灵敏度高。
在此需要指出的是, 除了上述实施例, 本发明还有诸多实施 形式, 如, 传动机构可采用齿轮副, 丝杠螺母副、 齿轮齿条副等, 导向装置可采用直线导轨副、 滑动导轨副、 滚动导轨副等, 以上 这些等同替代方案, 对本领域普通技术人员而言, 毋需付出创造 性劳动即可实现, 在此就不赘述了。 上述诸实施方案当然落入本 发明的保护范围内。

Claims

1. 一种电火花线切割机床, 包括床身、 运丝机构、 线架, 其中,
运丝机构包括运丝电机、 贮丝筒, 运丝电机同轴线地位于贮 丝筒的一侧并与之相连, 从而驱动贮丝筒做旋转运动, 运丝电机 轴或贮丝筒轴还与传动机构中的主动件相连接;
线架包括固定在床身上的立柱及与立柱相连接的上臂、 下臂 及若干导轮;
其特征在于:
所述运丝机构还包括一个固定不动的支架、 装有排丝导轮的 排丝架、 安装于上述支架上的导向方向与贮丝筒的轴线相平行的 导向装置, 所述运丝电机、 贮丝筒均固定安装于上述支架上, 排 丝架与导向装置中的运动件固定相连接并与之一起运动, 绕于贮 丝筒上的电极丝从贮丝筒两边分别引出后, 经过排丝架上的排丝 导轮, 再经过渡导轮、 主导轮, 从而在上臂、 下臂顶端一侧的上、 下主导轮间形成闭合环路。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的电火花线切割机床, 其特征在于: 所述传动机构包括同步带传动机构、 固定安装于上述支架上的丝 杆和与之螺旋连接的丝母, 所述同步带传动机构中的主同步带轮 安装于运丝电轴机或贮丝筒轴上,丝杆与从同步带轮固定相连接, 排丝架与丝母固定相连接;
所述导向装置为安装于上述支架上的导向杆和套装于导向杆 上并可沿导向杆滑动的滑套, 排丝架与滑套固定相连接。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的电火花线切割机床, 其特征在于: 所述支架固定安装于在相对接近于加工区的床身上。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的电火花线切割机床, 其特征在于: 所述支架固定安装于立柱上。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的电火花线切割机床, 其特征在于: 所述运丝电机、 贮丝筒均固定安装于支架上, 贮丝筒轴的方向为 竖直方向。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的电火花线切割机床, 其特征在于: 所述立柱内开有空腔, 立柱空腔壁上分别开有排丝槽孔和出丝槽 孔, 固定安装有运丝电机、 贮丝筒、 导向装置、 排丝架的支架固 定安装于立柱空腔内, 贮丝筒轴的方向为竖直方向。
7. 根据权利要求 2所述的电火花线切割机床, 其特征在于: 所述导向装置采用直线轴承副, 两根直线轴承心轴均安装于支架 上, 排丝架与套装于直线轴承心轴上的直线轴承固定相连接。
8. 根据权利要求 1-6任一所述的电火花线切割机床, 其特征 在于: 它还包括一个张力调节机构, 绕于贮丝筒上的电极丝从贮 丝筒两边分别引出后, 经排丝架上的排丝导轮, 再经张力调节机 构、 主导轮, 从而在上臂、 下臂顶端一侧的上、 下主导轮间形成 闭合环路。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的电火花线切割机床, 其特征在于: 所述张力调节机构为一个弹簧导轮式张力调节机构。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的电火花线切割机床,其特征在于: 所述弹簧导轮式张力调节机构由过渡导轮、 导块、 压簧组成, 位 于线架上的过渡导轮安装于一个可沿水平方向左右滑动的导块 上, 该导块安装于左侧线架上开有的空腔内, 导块的一侧装有弹 簧。
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