WO2008052489A1 - Anticuerpos recombinantes contra el factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular (vegf) - Google Patents
Anticuerpos recombinantes contra el factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular (vegf) Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention is related to the field of biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry, in particular with the development and application of recombinant polypeptide molecules related to antibodies, which specifically recognize Vascular Endothelium Growth Factor-A (in English “Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A", abbreviated VEGF-A) human (Ferrara, N. et al. 2003. Nature Medicine 9: 669-676) and interfere with its in vitro and pro-angiogenic stimulatory effects in vivo.
- scFv single-chain Fv type antibody fragment
- Fab antibody fragment a Fab antibody fragment
- ScFv 2 -Fc full antibody bivalent recombinant molecules
- angiogenesis The process of formation of new blood vessels from those preexisting is called angiogenesis, which is regulated by a balance of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors.
- diseases whose course has been related to the induction of pro-angiogenic factors and the formation of new blood vessels abnormally are: cancer (both primary tumors and their metastases), acute and chronic inflammatory processes such as asthma, respiratory distress, endometriosis, atherosclerosis, tissue edema, infectious diseases such as hepatitis and Kaposi's sarcoma, autoimmune diseases such as diabetes, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroiditis, and several other diseases and conditions such as Diabetic and newborn retinopathy, organ transplant rejection, age-related macular degeneration (wet variant), neovascular glaucoma, hemangiomas and angiofibromas (Carmeliet, P. and Jain, RK. 2000. Nature 407 : 249-257; Kuwano M,
- Ranibizumab is a recombinant Fab antibody fragment, caused by manipulation of Bevacizumab by genetic engineering. Intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab neutralizes locally produced VEGF-A and affects neo-angiogenesis in the deep retina, which is the basis of this disease.
- Vascular endothelial growth factors are a family of molecules that directly and specifically induce the formation of new vessels (Leung, D. et al. 1989. Science 246: 1306-1309).
- This family includes the vascular permeability factor, also known as the vascular endothelial growth factor (in English “Vascular Permeability Factor”, abbreviated VPF) (now called VEGF-A), the placental growth factor (in English “Placental Growth Factor ", abbreviated PIGF), platelet-derived growth factors (abbreviated PDGF), PDGF-A and PDGF-B, and other molecules structurally and functionally related to VEGF-A, which they have been called VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGF-E (Olofsson, B.
- VEGF-A is a homodimeric glycoprotein formed by two 23 kDa subunits (Ferrara, N. et al. 1989. Biochem Biophys Common Res 161: 851-858) of which there are 5 monomersical isoforms derived from the differential splicing of a same ribonucleic acid (RNA). These include two isoforms that remain attached to the cell membrane (VEGF 189 and VEGF 206) and three of a soluble nature (VEGF 121, VEGF 145, and VEGF 165).
- VEGF 165 isoform is the most abundant in mammalian tissues, except in lung and heart, where VEGF 189 predominates (Neufeld G et al. 1995. Canc Met Rev 15: 153-158), and in placenta, where expression prevails of VEGF 121 (Shibuya, M. 1995. Adv Cancer Res 67: 281- 316).
- VEGF-A is the most studied and characterized protein of this family, and its alteration has been described in a greater number of diseases. Its over expression is associated with tumors of different origin and location and their metastases (Grunstein, J. et al. 1999. Cancer Res 59: 1592-1598), chronic inflammatory processes such as ulcerative colitis and Chron disease (Kanazawa, S. et al. 2001. Am J Gastroenterol 96: 822-828), psoriasis (Detmar, M. et al. 1994. J Exp Med 180: 1141-1146), respiratory distress (Thickett, DR. et al. 2001.
- VEGFR2 receptor (KDR / Flk1) mediates the biological effects of VEGF-A, and also binds to VEGF-C and VEGF-D ligands. This receptor is expressed differentially in the active endothelium and in some cell lines of tumor origin where it establishes autocrine bonds with the secreted VEGF.
- KDR / Flk1 The VEGFR2 receptor (KDR / Flk1) mediates the biological effects of VEGF-A, and also binds to VEGF-C and VEGF-D ligands.
- This receptor is expressed differentially in the active endothelium and in some cell lines of tumor origin where it establishes autocrine bonds with the secreted VEGF.
- their over-expression in particular has been related to the progression: of endometrial cancer (Giatromanolaki, A. et al. 2001. Cancer 92: 2569-2577), of malignant mesotheliomas (Strizzi, L. e
- KDR KDR-induced hypersensitivity reactions
- VEGF-A and / or its receptors are blockade of VEGF-A and / or its receptors, highlighting among the approved products or in clinical trials the following: (1) monoclonal antibodies blocking VEGF-A or KDR receptor, (2) inhibitors of metalloproteinases, such as Neovastat and Prinomastat, (3) inhibitors of VEGF such as Thalidomide, Suramin, Troponin I 1 IFN- ⁇ and Neovastat, (4) VEGF receptor blockers such as SU5416, FTK787 and SU6668), (5) tumor endothelial apoptosis inducers such as Endostatin and CA4-P, and (6) ribozymes that decrease VEGF expression or of its receptors (Angiozyme).
- the present invention describes recombinant polypeptide molecules related to antibodies comprising variable regions (RV) of human immunoglobulins encoded by the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID No. 7 and SEQ ID No. 8, or homologous sequences; that recognize an epitope in human VEGF-A defined around, although not necessarily limited to, residues C102, C57, R56, T31 and L32; and interfere with its pro-angiogenic effect.
- RV variable regions
- Antigen binding sites these molecules are formed by one or more antigen binding sites, these sites consisting of amino acids encoded by DNA sequences of heavy and light chain variable regions of human immunoglobulins.
- Recombinant antibodies Describes an immunoglobulin or parts thereof partially or totally synthetically produced (via recombinant dexosiribonucleic acid (DNA) or artificial gene synthesis) with specific recognition of an antigen through one or more domains that interact with it (formed by particular combinations of variable regions of heavy and light chains of immunoglobulins, and commonly referred to as the antigen binding site) (Gavilondo and Larrick. 2000. Biotechniques 29: 128-136,).
- recombinant antibodies are the so-called chimeric and humanized antibodies, in which the variable regions (or parts thereof) obtained from one species are associated by genetic engineering, with constant regions of immunoglobulins from another species.
- Recombinant antibodies also include genetically engineered antibody fragments that comprise one or more antigen binding sites.
- Examples of recombinant antibody fragments are: (i) the Fab fragment that includes the VL, VH, CL and CH1 domains of an immunoglobulin; (ii) the Fd fragment, which consists of the VH and CH 1 domains; (iii) the Fv fragment, which consists of the VL and VH domains of a single antibody; (iv) the scFv fragment, where the VH and VL domains of a single antibody bind in different sequence (VH-VL or VL-VH) with a peptide binding segment (linker) that allows the two domains to associate to form a antigen binding site (Bird et al. 1988. Science 242: 423-426;
- fragments such as scFv and Fab
- antibody libraries where a broad repertoire of genes (either synthetic or natural) from the variable regions of a species are randomly combined to produce particular associations of variable regions of antibodies, which are then exposed on the surface of filamentous phages.
- Recombinant antibodies are also the "antibody-like" molecules produced by genetic engineering when antibody fragments are artificially assembled to constant regions of antibodies.
- a bivalent "antibody-like" molecule by attaching a scFv to a region formed by the hinge domains, CH2, CH3 and sometimes CH4 of the Fc of an immunoglobulin, which depending on having all or part of the regions described and of its degree of glycosylation, it can exhibit effector functions associated with the Fc of immunoglobulins.
- the first term describes the part of an antibody that interacts specifically with an antigen (or part thereof).
- an antibody can bind only to a particular part of the antigen, whose part is called an epitope.
- An antibody binding site is mainly formed by two antibody variable regions, the light chain variable region and the heavy chain variable region.
- the antibody binding site is formed by the non-covalent interaction of the variable regions.
- the binding site of an antibody can be artificially stabilized by binding the two variable regions with a binding peptide (linker) that does not interfere with its antigen-specific recognition properties. This is the case of a scFv type fragment.
- the antibody binding sites are assembled by means of the non-covalent interaction of the variable regions, which is reinforced by the non-covalent interaction of the CH1 and CL domains (kappa or lambda) that follow in the structure of the native molecule to the heavy and light chain variable regions, respectively.
- the complete native antibodies possess two identical antigen binding sites.
- the epitope recognized by the binding site of an antibody in the case of the antigen being a protein, may be formed by a linear sequence of amino acids, or be conformational, it being understood that the amino acids recognized by the binding site of the antibody they are close in the tertiary structure of the protein, but they are not necessarily sequential in their primary structure. In the case of proteins, the epitope is by nature a discrete zone, defined by a particular group of amino acids that interact with those of the antibody through non-covalent linkages.
- variable regions for example, one is derived from the other thanks to mutations that can be more or less extensive
- they can have sequences of totally different variable regions.
- the latter is due to the fact that the specific interactions between antibodies and antigens, especially in the case of proteins, are produced by surface interactions, that is, the formation of non-covalent bonds (hydrogen bonds, van der Waals and the like) between amino acid residues of the variable regions (although some residues structurally close to these may participate discreetly).
- homologous antibody must therefore be able to specifically identify the particular epitope recognized by another antibody.
- the term "homologue” is extensible to other forms of antibodies included in the definitions above for recombinant antibodies (antibody fragments, "antibody type” molecules, and others).
- the antibody-related recombinant polypeptide molecules are: a human single chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragment (scFv 2H1), a Fab antibody fragment (Fab 2H1-32) and "full antibody” type bivalent molecules ScFv 2 -Fc (ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1 4.1 and ScFv 2 - Fc 2H1 8.2).
- scFv human single chain Fv
- Fab 2H1-32 Fab antibody fragment
- ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1 4.1 and ScFv 2 - Fc 2H1 8.2 "full antibody” type bivalent molecules ScFv 2 -Fc
- different RVs spontaneously assemble each other to form antigen binding sites.
- artificial binding segments (linkers) or other antibody-related sequences can contribute, such as constant domains of the immunoglobulins.
- the RVs are derived from those contained in an scFv that was isolated from a library of human scFv antibody fragments deployed on the surface of filamentous phages, constructed exclusively using an RV repertoire of human lambda chains. Thanks to the strategy employed, the recombinant polypeptide molecules related to antibodies described in this invention have VR of immunoglobulins with novel DNA sequences and different from those reported by other authors who have also obtained antibodies that neutralize the pro-angiogenic action of VEGF-A , such as those derived from hybridomas (Kim, KJ. et al. 1992. Growth Factors 7: 53-64; Muller, Y. et al. 1997.
- anti-angiogenic effects that are obtained with the application of the recombinant polypeptide molecules described in this invention, and their variants equivalent, they occur because they interfere with the interaction of human VEGF-A with the receptors present in activated vascular endothelial cells, which influences their ability to proliferate and maintain their physiological stability.
- "equivalent variants” are those polypeptide molecules derived from other associations and manipulations of the sequences contained in the RV 2H1 RVCP (SEQ ID No. 7) and 2H1 RVCL (SEQ ID No. 8) and other RV homologs contained in this invention (SEQ ID No.
- polypeptide molecules that retain the ability to specifically recognize human VEGF-A and to interfere with its biological effect of stimulating the growth of endothelial and pro-angiogenic cells.
- polypeptide molecules can take the form of other recombinant antibody fragments, such as an scFv where the VL domain is preceded to VH, or where other binding segments known in the state of the art are used, or as F fragments (ab ') 2, Fabc, Facb, dimeric, trimeric and tetrameric scFv (Winter G, Milstein C. 1991. Nature 349: 293-299; WO94 / 13804; de Haard, H et al. 1998. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 31 : 5-31).
- multivalent molecules are produced (Bestagno M et al. 2001. Biochemistry 40: 10686-10692).
- they may be in the form of bispecific antibody molecules, where a portion thereof retains its specificity for human VEGF-A and another has a different specificity, or in the form of complete antibodies, where these sequences are associated with constant regions of human immunoglobulins or other species. All these manipulations by genetic engineering are known to those skilled in the art.
- Equivalent variants are also considered those molecules or variants produced by the so-called CDR transplant in which the sequences of the CDRs contained in the RV 2H1 RVCP (SEQ ID No. 7) and 2H1 RVCL (SEQ ID No. 8) and others Homologous RVs, such as those contained for example in SEQ ID No. 13, are artificially placed within the framework of sequences other than the original ones flanking them, as is revealed, for example, in EP-B-0239400, EP-A -184187, GB 2188638A or EP-A-239400, and that this manipulation does not affect its ability to specifically recognize human VEGF-A and interfere with the growth of endothelial cells and pro-angiogenesis.
- the recombinant polypeptide molecule in the form of an scFv fragment specifically recognizes different isoforms of human VEGF-A.
- the heavy and light chain RVs of human immunoglobulins are genetically linked in that order by a binding segment (linker) of 16 amino acids, to form the DNA sequence described in SEQ ID No 6.
- the scFv 2H1 fragment It was obtained from a homologous scFv that we call scFv 2H1-F, selected from a scFv library deployed in filamentous phages, constructed using an RV repertoire of human lambda chains, by methods similar to those already described (Rojas G, et al 2005. Biochem Biophys Common Res 336: 1207-1213).
- the intentional bias in the light chain RV repertoire of the library used was designed to increase the probability of finding antibodies different from those reported by other authors, and that neutralize VEGF-A by mechanisms other than those already identified.
- a fusion protein was used containing Ia 121 of human VEGF-A, which has been mutated in three residues, R82, K84, H86 that were replaced by glutamic acid; so that it affects their interaction with the KDR receptor (Shen, B. et al. 1998. J Biol Chem 273: 29979-29985), as demonstrated in the Example!
- This recombinant fusion protein (called P64 47aa- VEGF, SEQ ID No. 3) was produced in bacteria, purified in a similar way to those molecular species that possess the in vitro biological activity corresponding to human VEGF-A.
- the antigen used in the present invention is different from antigens or immunogens used by other authors who have sought monoclonal or recombinant antibodies that recognize human VEGF.
- the P64K protein domain of Neisser ⁇ a meningitidis located at the N-terminal end of P64 47aa- VEGF, increases immunogenicity, allows high levels of expression in E. co // and that dimeric forms such as those that manifest the biological activity occur of human VEGF.
- the mutated area comprises an epitope already recognized by other antibodies reported as neutralizing the biological functions of VEGF-A (Muller, Y. et al. 1997. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA 94: 7192-7197; Muller, AY. Et al. 1998.
- the DNA sequence of the scFv 2H1-F fragment obtained from the library was cloned from the corresponding fagomide vector into an expression vector for periplasm.
- the scFv 2H1 with apparent molecular weight somewhat above 29 kDa, is recovered from the culture medium and the periplasm of the transformed bacteria, and is easily purified by metal ion affinity chromatography (in English "Metal ion affinity chromatography, abbreviated IMAC) (Porath J. 1992. Prot. Expr. Purif.
- the expression vector pACR.1 adds to the C-terminal end of the scFv 2H1 molecule a c-myc peptide domain that serves as "brand” for analytical purposes, followed by a domain of six histidines to facilitate purification by IMAC.
- Fab 2H1-32 The recombinant polypeptide molecule in the form of a Fab fragment specifically recognizes different isoforms of human VEGF-A.
- the DNA sequences encoding the RVF of scFv 2H1, designated 2H1 RVCP (SEQ ID No. 7) and 2H1 RVCL (SEQ ID No. 8) were cloned into the vector pFabHum-1, where they were genetically associated to the CH1 and C ⁇ constant regions of human IgG immunoglobulins, respectively, as described in SEQ ID No. 10 and SEQ ID No. 9.
- Plasmid pFabHum-1 is a bicistronic vector constructed for the expression of Fab fragments with constant regions.
- the polypeptide chains produced comprise the RV and its particular light or heavy constant region, which are assembled to form a Fab fragment in the bacterial periplasm, where they are exported from the cytoplasm thanks to signal peptides provided by the vector.
- the periplasmic Fab assembly is based on non-covalent interactions between heavy and light chain RVs, and between the CH1 and C ⁇ domains, and is reinforced by a covalent disulfide bond between two cysteines located near the C-terminal of the CH1 regions and C ⁇ , also contributed by the vector.
- Fab 2H1-32 has an apparent molecular weight of 50 kDa.
- the "complete antibody" bivalent recombinant polypeptide molecules called ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1-8.2 and ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1-4.1 comprise the RV sequences of scFv 2H1, associated with a sequence encoding 10 spacer amino acids, followed by Ia nucleotide sequence coding for the hinge, CH2 and CH3 regions of an IgGI-type human immunoglobulin (SEQ ID No. 14) and a sequence very similar to the previous one (SEQ ID No. 13), with only slight changes of bases in the RVs, respectively.
- the pVSJG-HucFc vector is designed for the expression of "complete antibody" type molecules that comprise two identical scFvs associated with an IgG type human immunoglobulin Fc, in mammalian cells.
- the polypeptide chain that gives rise to these bivalent molecules is transported to the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells thanks to an immunoglobulin signal peptide present in the vector pVSJG-HucFc.
- the peptide is removed in the endoplasmic reticulum and two identical polypeptide chains are covalently associated through the disulfide bonds in the hinge regions, which is reinforced by the non-covalent interactions of the CH2 and CH3 regions.
- the molecules ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1-4.1 and ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1-8.2 have a similar apparent molecular weight of between 100 and 120 kDa.
- Secreted proteins have four additional amino acids (QVLK) contributed by the vector.
- the recombinant antibodies of the invention can also be produced in other eukaryotic systems, such as transgenic plants (Pujol , M. et al. 2005. Vaccine 23: 1833-1837).
- the recombinant polypeptide molecules described above specifically recognize isoforms 121 and 165 of human VEGF-A, and do not identify mouse VEGF. They can bind to soluble human VEGF-A, to human VEGF-A adsorbed on solid surfaces, or to human VEGF-A associated or close to human cells that produce it, among the latter those present in human tumors growing in nude (athymic) mice.
- the polypeptide molecules of the present invention are capable of interacting with the active human VEGF-A, so that interfere with the growth of human endothelial cells in vitro, and in vivo neo-angiogenesis processes, the latter measured by plug models of subcutaneous Matrigel in mice, and of human tumor cell transplantation in congenital athymic mice ( nudes)
- the recombinant polypeptide molecules described in the invention do not recognize mouse VEGF-A, and effectively interfere with the association between human VEGF-A and a soluble form of the KDR receptor.
- scFv 2H1 and ScFv 2 -Fc 2H 1-4.1 polypeptide molecules prevents the appearance of choroidal neovascularization (NVC), or improves its evolution, in an experimental model of non-human primate where NVC is produced by laser photocoagulation.
- Fab 2H1-32 ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1- 8.2 polypeptide molecules can also produce similar effects on NVC, taking into account that their specificity for human VEGF is similar to that of scFv 2H1 and ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1 4.1 polypeptide molecules. , and have anti-angiogenic effect on the other models in vitro and in vivo.
- the recombinant polypeptide molecules of the present invention can be conjugated or coupled to an enzyme or its fragments, to a modifier of the biological response, to a toxin or drug, or to radioactive isotopes, which add to the original molecule an additional functional characteristic to that of bind to the human VEGF-A antigen, this being the ability to identify and / or affect the viability of cells that are in an anatomical area of a multicellular organism where there is a high concentration of human VEGF-A, or in its immediate vicinity , or Ia to interact with forms of VEGF-A that are associated with the cell membrane.
- the polypeptide molecules object of this invention while having the ability to recognize and interact with human VEGF-A and to interfere with its pro-angiogenic effect and stimulation of endothelial cell proliferation, may also affect other biological functions described.
- human VEGF such as those in which this molecule acts in the negative regulation of the immune response (Chouaib S et al. 1997. Immunology Today 18: 493-497).
- a set of elements make the polypeptide molecules object of the present invention novel with respect to other antibodies and antibody fragments that neutralize human VEGF-A. Among these elements are:
- the base sequences encoding the RVs that make up the antigen binding sites of the polypeptide molecules described in this invention have not been reported before, and differ from those of other anti-VEGF-A antibodies.
- the sequence of the CDRs, in particular the CDR3 of the heavy chain RV differs markedly from others previously reported that are rich in the aromatic amino acids tyrosine and / or tryptophan, which has been related to the recognition of a certain epitope ( Fellouse FA et al. 2004. PNAS 101: 12467-12472).
- the CDR3 of the heavy chain RV does not have tyrosines.
- polypeptide molecules described in this invention are very dependent for their recognition of human VEGF-A that it possesses a biologically active dimeric conformation, as evidenced by the loss of recognition after treatment of VEGF-A with reducing agents.
- the polypeptide molecules described in this invention recognize a conformational epitope in human VEGF not described above, when compared to epitopes reported for other antibodies and antibody fragments that neutralize the biological functions of human VEGF-A (Muller Y et al. 1997. PNAS 94: 7192-7197; Muller AY. et al. 1998. Structure 6: 1153-1167; Schaeppi J.-M. et al. 1999. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 125: 336-342; Fuh G et al. 2006. J Biol Chem 281: 6625-6631; WO2005012359).
- Example 9 the in silico analysis of the probable associations between the peptide sequence specifically selected by the scFv 2H1 antibody fragment, from a combinatorial library of 12 amino acid linear peptides, and the known data of the structures primary and tertiary of human VEGF-A; suggest that the scFv 2H1 antigen binding site is Interacting with a conformational epitope in the human VEGF-A molecule.
- the zone recognized in the tertiary structure of VEGF-A does not coincide with the epitopes described for other antibodies and antibody fragments that neutralize human VEGF-A, and is therefore novel.
- This epitopic definition also opens up new possibilities of knowledge about the complex interaction between human VEGF-A and its KDR receptor, which is not yet resolved.
- the polypeptide molecules scFv 2H1, Fab 2H1-32, ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1-4.1 and ScFv 2 -Fc 2H 1-8.2 described in the present invention, and their equivalent variants, are capable of interacting with the active human VEGF-A, and interfere with its effect of stimulation of neo-angiogenesis.
- angiogenesis diseases that occur with an abnormal and excessive angiogenesis
- cancer both primary tumors and their metastases
- eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, wet variant, neovascular glaucoma, and diabetic and newborn retinopathy
- acute and chronic inflammatory processes such as asthma, respiratory distress, endometriosis, atherosclerosis, and tissue edema
- infectious diseases such as Hepatitis and Kaposi's sarcoma
- autoimmune diseases such as diabetes, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroiditis
- several other diseases and conditions such as organ transplant rejection, hemangiomas and angiofibromas.
- Another aspect of the present invention is the use of the molecules described in the present invention to produce a pharmaceutical composition for the inhibition of angiogenesis and the treatment of pathological conditions associated therewith.
- Said treatment comprises the administration of an effective amount of the molecules described in the present invention to a human being.
- these recombinant polypeptide molecules that recognize human VEGF are useful for the treatment of malignant neoplastic processes and their metastases. In a preferred embodiment, they are effective in the treatment of carcinomas, sarcomas and vascularized tumors.
- the application of molecules described in this invention had the effect of inhibiting the growth of a human carcinoma, transplanted to nude nude mice.
- tumors that can be treated with this strategy include (but are not limited to): epidermoid tumors, squamous tumors such as head and neck tumors, colorectal tumors, prostate tumors, breast, lung (including small and non-small cell), pancreas, thyroid, ovary and liver.
- Kaposi's sarcoma central nervous system neoplasms (neuroblastomas, capillary hemangioblastomas, meningiomas and brain metastases), melanomas, renal and gastrointestinal carcinomas, rhabdomyosarcoma, glioblastomas, and leiomyosarcomas.
- the recombinant polypeptide molecules described in the present invention have an epitopic recognition of human VEGF-A that distinguishes them from Bevacizumab as presented in Example 5, and therefore they are different in terms of how to interfere in the union between human VEGF-A and its receptor, they can develop therapeutic effects in vivo different from other molecules that also act by inhibiting this interaction. It is well documented that it is possible to achieve different therapeutic effects in vivo, including the side effects of the treatment, by antibodies produced against the same antigen, but that recognize different epitopes, or that have different affinity (Alian DGP 2005. The Oncologist 10: 760- 761,).
- antibodies and antibody fragments such as Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab
- Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab have application in the treatment of other diseases that occur with excessive angiogenesis (Gaudreault, J. et al. 2005. Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci 46: 726-733 ; Costa, RA et al. 2006. Investig Ophthalmol Visual Sci 47: 4569-4578).
- the recombinant polypeptide molecules described are useful in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration, wet variant.
- the scFv 2 -Fc 2H 1-4.1 molecule is smaller in molecular size than Bevacizumab, which gives it advantages.
- the described recombinant polypeptide molecules, or their equivalent variants are used in in vivo diagnostic procedures for forms of human cancer that express VEGF, such as, for example, adenocarcinomas of the colon, lung or breast, and others.
- the polypeptide molecules specific to human VEGF-A described in this invention can be radiolabeled, and injected in the form of agents that allow to obtain demonstrative images of the presence and location of tumors expressing VEGF-A in man.
- a polypeptide molecule such as those described in this invention is associated with a radioactive isotope and the binding of these to the tumor is determined.
- the method may comprise the administration of the radiolabeled polypeptide molecule to an individual.
- the scFv 2H1 fragment radiolabelled with 125 I binds to human VEGF-A expressed by human tumor cells transplanted to nude nude mice and specifically accumulates in the tumor area. Reactivity with tissues that abnormally express high amounts of human VEGF-A can be detected by any appropriate means.
- a radionuclide such as 125 I, 111 In or 99m Tc
- these are preferably located in the tumor, and not in normal tissues, the presence of radioactive marking in the tumor tissue It can be detected and quantified using a ganma camera or a ganma counter.
- the quality of the tumor image obtained correlates directly with the signal: background relationship (Goldenberg DM. 1992. Int. J. of Biol. Markers, 7; 183-188).
- the experimental use of 125 I is exemplified in this invention, but does not limit the use of other different radionuclides.
- the polypeptide molecules described in the present invention once radiolabeled, provide a beneficial therapeutic effect for the patient, by staying in the area of the tumor producing VEGF -A human and affect both tumor cells, and those that make up only the tumor blood vessels, as well as other cellular elements of the tumor stroma that produce VEGF-A.
- the polypeptide molecules described in the present invention, or their equivalent variants, coupled to other agents may be the basis of treatment methods that comprise their administration as drugs or pharmaceutical compositions.
- these molecules chemically coupled or by genetic engineering to therapeutic radionuclides, toxins, drugs or modifiers of the biological response, can direct the therapeutic effect of the elements coupled to anatomical areas with an abnormally high concentration of human VEGF-A, such as It can be a tumor and its immediate vicinity, and exert a therapeutic effect.
- the amount to be administered, the frequency and intervals of administration depend on the nature and severity of the disease being treated, and these decisions are the responsibility of specialists and other doctors in medicine, which are based on what is already known in this field of The technique
- compositions of the present invention can be administered in isolation or in combination with other treatments, either simultaneously or sequentially, which depends on the disease to be treated.
- Pharmaceutical compositions comprise, in addition to the active ingredient, an accepted pharmaceutical excipient, buffer, stabilizer or carrier, or other materials well known to those skilled in the art. These materials are not toxic, do not interfere with the efficacy of the active ingredient, and their precise nature depends on the route of administration, be it oral, mucosal, or parenteral, for example, intravenous injection.
- the molecules described in the present invention are produced by the expression of the nucleic acid that encodes them. Therefore, the nucleic acid sequences that code for any of the polypeptide molecules described above and the methods for
- nucleic acid encodes, primarily (but not exclusively), for the base sequences exemplified for the scFv 2H1, Fab 2H1-32, ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1-4.1 and molecules.
- appropriate vectors can be chosen or constructed containing the regulatory sequences appropriate to the case, including promoter, terminator, enhancer (enhanceia, polyadenylation, marker genes and other relevant sequences.
- Vectors may be plasmidiums.
- Figure 1 Scheme of plasmid pACR.1, used for the production of soluble scFv fragments in the periplasm and culture medium of E. coli.
- the vector has a LacZ promoter, a ribosome binding site (abbreviated Ribosome Binding Site, abbreviated RBS) and the signal peptide (SP) pe / B.
- Figure 2. DNA sequence (SEQ ID No.6) encoding the scFv 2H1 recombinant antibody fragment, produced in the E. coli pACR.1 vector.
- the first 354 bases make up the human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (RV) (called 2H1 RVCP, SEQ ID No.7), followed by 48 bases that code for the linker segment, which continue with 333 bases that encode for human immunoglobulin light chain RV (called 2H1 RVCL, SEQ ID No. 8), to terminate with 69 bases that code for the amino acids provided by the cloning site, the c-myc peptide and six histidines contained in the vector.
- the underlined bases represent the CDR annotations, according to Kabat et al.
- FIG. 3 Results of the expression of scFv 2H1 in E. coli BL-21. From left to right the molecular weight pattern is observed (66, 45, 35, 29, 20 and 14.2 kDa; lane 1); a scFv control (scFv M3; lane 2), the culture supernatant of the bacteria transformed with the plasmid pACR.1-scFv 2H1 (lane 3), where a reinforced band is seen that migrates somewhat above 29 kDa, and in lane 4, the culture supernatant of the bacteria transformed with plasmid pACR.1 without the insert.
- Figure 4 Results of the purification of scFv 2H1 by IMAC.
- Figure 4A is an electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels (in English "Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide GeI Electrophoresis", abbreviated SDS-PAGE) at 12% where they are seen, from left to right: A control scFv (scFv M3), of size molecular of about 29 kDa (lane 1), Starting material containing scFv 2H1 (lane 2), and scFv 2H1 eluted with high purity (lane 3).
- scFv M3 A control scFv (scFv M3), of size molecular of about 29 kDa (lane 1), Starting material containing scFv 2H1 (lane 2), and scFv 2H1 eluted with high purity (lane 3).
- B a Western blot is observed made from a replica of the previous electrophoresis.
- the monoclonal antibody 9E10 was used for the detection, which identifies
- Figure 6. Scheme of plasmid pFabHum-1, used for the production of soluble Fab fragments in the periplasm and culture medium of E. coli.
- Figure 7. DNA sequence (SEQ ID No. 9 and SEQ ID No. 10) of the two chains that encode to form the mature molecule of the Fab 2H1-32 antibody fragment that is assembled in the bacterial periplasm.
- Figure 7A and in the 5'-3 'sense the coding sequence for a variable region of immunoglobulin light chain appears, followed by the coding sequence of a C ⁇ domain of immunoglobulin.
- the underlined bases represent the CDR annotations in the order: CDR1 of light chain RV (RVL), CDR2 of RVL and CDR3 of RVL.
- FIG. 7B the coding sequences for a heavy chain variable region of immunoglobulins, a human immunoglobulin CHI domain, six histidines and a c-myc peptide appear.
- the underlined bases represent the CDR annotations, in the order: CDR1 of heavy chain RV (RVP), CDR2 of RVP and CDR3 of RVP.
- Figure 8 Plasmid map pVSJG-HucFc, used to obtain "complete antibody” divalent molecules, from the cloning of scFv fragments between the restriction sites AfI Il and Xba I ( Figure 8A). Schematic representation of the type of molecule that is produced by mammalian cells transfected with this plasmid, once a given scFv fragment has been cloned into it ( Figure 8B).
- Figure 9 DNA sequence (SEQ ID No. 13) that codes for the mature antibody type molecule called ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1-4.1.
- a heavy chain variable region of immunoglobulins appears, followed by a binding segment (linker) and a light chain variable region of immunoglobulins, to terminate in this order with a spacer that codes for 10 amino acids, and the CH2 and CH3 domains of an IgGL-type human immunoglobulin
- the underlined bases represent the CDR annotations in the order (top to bottom): Heavy-chain RV CDR1 (RVP), RVP CDR2, RVP CDR3 , Light chain RV CDR1 (RVL), RVR CDR2 and RVL CDR3.
- Figure 11 Specific recognition of the peptides on phages, in terms of the binding site of the scFv 2H1 fragment, in an ELISA type test where the binding to the adsorbed fragment to a solid surface was evaluated in the presence of an excess of VEGF (Peprotech).
- the Figure shows 10 clones of peptide-carrying phages, representative of the behavior exhibited by the 35. In the experiment, phage samples were incubated or not with VEGF in solution.
- Figure 12 Mapping of the residues that mainly define the epitope recognized in the VEGF-A molecule by scFv 2H1, in comparison with those described for other antibodies.
- VEGF-A vascular endothelial growth factor-A
- the two identical molecules of the dimer appear as light gray and black.
- the position of the residues defined as the main indicative of the epitope recognized by scFv 2H1 are marked only in the light gray chain, and appear in black, representing Van der Waals (VDW).
- Residues recognized by other antibodies are marked as light gray VDW in Figures A to Ia D.
- Figure 12E shows the position of contiguous amino acids (in light gray VDW) that are different when comparing the sequences of human and mouse VEGF-A, in relation to the position of the epitope defined by the main indicative residues for scFv 2H1 (in black VDW).
- Figure 13 Capacity of scFv 2H1, Fab 2H1-32, ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1 4.1 and ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1 8.2 molecules to interfere with the stimulatory effect of human VEGF-A on the growth of human endothelial cells of the umbilical cord (HuVEC).
- Figure 14 Anti-tumor activity of the scFv 2H1, Fab 2H1-32, ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1 4.1 and ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1 8.2 molecules at the doses of: 2.5 mg / kg of weight (Figure 14A) and 25 mg / kg of weight ( Figure 14B). The points in the curves refer to the average of the volumes estimated for the 5 animals / group. Negative control: unrelated monoclonal antibody CB-Hep.1 (anti-HBsAg) at the higher dose.
- Figure 15 Percentage of the dose injected per gram of tissue, after 24 hours (first two bars in each tissue) and 48 hours (second two bars in each tissue) if the scFv 2H1 fragment (dark bars) or the fragment is inoculated scFv Hep.1 (clear bars) radioactive ( 125 I) to nude mice with tumors derived from human A431 tumor cells. Each bar represents the average of the counts recovered from the organs / tissues recovered from 5 mice.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- the band corresponding to the product of the amplification was extracted from 2% agarose gel. After the digestion of the band with the Nhe I and BamH1 endonucleases, the DNA was purified and cloned into the vector pM238 (Yero, D. et al. 2006. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem 44: 27-34). Through this vector, the proteins are expressed in bacteria as fusion proteins with an N-terminal domain of 47 amino acids of the P64K protein of Neisseria meningitidis. The resulting plasmid (P64 47a- VEGF) was automatically sequenced and it was determined that it contained only the mutations described above, as shown in SEQ ID No. 3, with respect to the amino acid sequences reported in the Biology Laboratory database. European Molecular (www.embl-heidelberg.de) for the zone of the cloned human VEGF isoform.
- the cells were collected 8 h later, and after ultrasonic disruption the protein of interest remained in the precipitate of rupture
- the solubilization was performed with sodium phosphate buffer plus 6M urea.
- the supernatant was subjected to IMAC in Ni-NTA matrix (QIAGEN).
- the eluted fractions were evaluated by SDS-PAGE, observing two bands comprising more than 98% of the protein in the preparation, with the sizes of about 26 kDa, 54 kDa and larger.
- the first size corresponds to a monomer, while the second one to a dimeric molecule, and the larger ones to higher aggregations.
- the elution fraction was dialyzed in PBS, subjected to chromatography on a Superosa F12 column (Pharmacia), to select exclusively the species with the highest apparent molecular weight (greater than or equal to 54 kDa), which were called P64 47aa- VEGF. This preparation was frozen at -2O 0 C for later use.
- the fusion protein P64 47aa- VEGF, in which three critical mutations (residues R82, K84, and H86 were replaced by glutamic acid) were exprofessed was not identified by soluble KDR, a result that coincides with the predictions made by Shen et al. (Shen, B. et al. 1998. J Biol Chem 273: 29979-29985), and that makes our antigen different from others reported in the literature and used for the development of antibodies and antibody fragments that neutralize human VEGF.
- Table 1a Binding assay for KDR-Fc, using VEGF-A or the P64 47aa- VEGF fusion protein as ELISA coating.
- the plate was washed and incubated with an anti-mouse peroxidase conjugate (Sigma).
- the reaction was developed with the substrate solution composed of 0.5 mg / mL o / to-phenylenediamine and 0.015% hydrogen peroxide, in phosphate citrate buffer; pH 5.5.
- the serum of animals immunized with the P64 47aa- VEGF protein specifically recognized commercial human VEGF with titers of up to 1: 32,000.
- Example 3 Selection of antibody binding sites against human VEGF.
- scFv human single chain Fv
- RV variable regions
- the ligation products were electroporated to TG1 cells to obtain the final library.
- the presence and size of the inserts was determined in a sample of 30 colonies, with oligonucleotides that are associated with the flanking regions of the cloned scFv.
- the recombinant protein P64 47aa- VEGF was used as an antigen.
- the mixture of phages that make up the library was previously subjected to a depletion process with an excess (1 mg / mL) of the P64k antigen in solution, to eliminate the unwanted scFv specific for this protein.
- the depleted mixture was confronted with the P64 47aa- VEGF protein immobilized in Maxisorp immunotubes (Nunc). For this, the immunotubes were coated with 10 ⁇ g / mL of the protein in PBS, at 4 ° C overnight, and then blocked with PBS-4% skim milk.
- Phages that did not bind were removed by 20 washes with a 0.1% PBS-Tween solution, followed by 2 washes with PBS. Then, the bound phages were eluted with a solution of 100 mmol / L of triethylamine for 10 min, which was immediately neutralized with 0.5 mol / L of Tris (pH 7.5). The eluted phages were amplified in the E. coli TG 1 strain and used as a starting material in the next selection cycle. This procedure was repeated 3 times under the same conditions. Subsequently, individual colonies of TG1 infected with the eluted phages of the second and third selection cycle were randomly selected to produce phages at 96-well scale.
- the absorbance was read at 492 nm in a microplate reader. Of the 96 phage clones evaluated by this ELISA, 87 of them were positive.
- the DNA coding for the scFv-like antibody fragments that carry the phage clones that were positive for ELISA was amplified by PCR and subjected to a restriction analysis with the BstN-1 enzyme. The product of this digestion was observed on a 4% agarose gel. From this analysis, 7 different restriction patterns were identified and a representative clone of each pattern was selected.
- TG-1 bacteria were infected, which were grown at 28 ° C for 16 hours.
- the phages contained in the culture supernatant were precipitated with a solution of PEG 5000 in 2.5 M NaCl; and they were aliquoted for the immunochemical characterization described below.
- Example 4 Immunochemical characterization of scFv in selected phages from the library. (a) Recognition of different isoforms of human and murine VEGF
- isoforms 121 and 165 As well as isoform 165 of murine VEGF, the 7 phage clones carrying scFv fragments were subjected to an ELISA.
- the immunoplates were coated with isoforms 121 and 165 of human VEGF (Peprotech) and isoform 120 of murine VEGF (R&D) at a concentration of 1 ⁇ g / ml in PBS. After blocking the plates, the purified phages were added as described above and diluted in PBS-4% skim milk, and incubated for 1 hour at 22 ° C. After several washes, the bound phages were detected by the addition of conjugated anti-M13 antibodies.
- the reaction was developed and measured as described in Example 2.
- the 7 phage clones selected for this characterization specifically recognize the sophormas 121 and 165 of human VEGF. Of these, clones 2H1-F and 3C1 do not recognize isoform 120 of murine VEGF.
- the Table shows the ability to recognize clones, classifying as positive (+) those that gave optical densities in the ELISA above 5 times the negative control.
- a 100 mM iodoacetamide solution in 4% PBS-milk was added to the wells where VEGF-A had been reduced with the dithiothreitol solution and incubated for 1 hour at 22 ° C. The rest of the wells were maintained with PBS-4% milk. After washing the plate again, the purified phages, diluted in PBS-4% milk, were added in both dithiothreitol and non-treated wells. treated and incubated for 1 hour at 22 ° C. After several washes, the bound phages were detected by the addition of anti-M13 antibodies conjugated to peroxidase.
- a sample of the mixture of phages that make up the library before selecting was used as a negative control.
- Table 3 shows that 3 patterns are observed: one in which recognition was not affected against reduced VEGF (exemplified by clone 3C1), a second pattern in which a partial affectation was observed (exemplified by clones 2B2 and 3E8 ) and a third party where there was a complete affectation of the recognition before the reduced form of VEGF (exemplified by clones 2D2, 2E1, 2H1-F and 2E3).
- the recognition capacity of the clones for VEGF-A was taken, in terms of the average Optical Density (at 492 nm) of three wells obtained in the experiment, and as a reference that produced by the negative control.
- the plates were blocked and subsequently the wells were incubated with a mixture of the corresponding phage clone, diluted in PBS-4% milk, and 2 ⁇ g / mL of soluble receptor (KDR-Fc, Sigma), or only with the vehicle ( PBS-4% milk). Bound phages were detected with an anti-M13 peroxidase conjugate (Amersham). As shown in Table 4, the clone that showed more evidence of blocking the binding of KDR-Fc to VEGF-A was 2H1-F.
- the Table shows the recognition capacity of the clones for VEGF-A, in terms of the average Optical Density (at 492 nm) of three wells obtained in the experiment, taking as reference the one produced by the negative control
- Example 5 Expression of the scFv 2H1 fragment in E. coli, purification and characterization of its recognition for human VEGF.
- the pACR.1 vector is a plasmid designed for the expression of antibody fragments towards the periplasm of E. coli ( Figure 1). Its main elements are the LacZ promoter, a signal peptide, Ncol and Not I restriction sites for the insertion of the fragment gene, a c-myc peptide coding domain and a sequence coding for 6 histidines, the latter with a view to Ia purification of expression products by IMAC.
- the DNA corresponding to the fagomide carrying the scFv called 2H1-F was used as a template for CPR.
- Neo I and Not I were digested ( Promise) and repurified for your bond.
- the pACR.1 vector was digested Neo I and Not I (Promega), and ligated with the predigested band using T4 DNA ligase (Promega).
- the product of the binding reaction was used to transform competent E. coli (strain XL-1 Blue; Stratagene) by electroporation. Transformed cells were plated in selective solid medium and grown at 37 ° C. The methods used are widely known (Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition. 1989. Sambrook, Fritsch and Maniatis).
- Plasmid DNA was purified from different colonies (QIAGEN MiniPrep kit), and checked by digestion with the restriction enzymes already described for the expected product of the ligation.
- Several plasmids were chosen to obtain the consensus DNA sequence of scFv 2H1, using automatic sequencing and specific primers that hybridize externally to the cloning regions of the pACR.1 vector.
- the consensus DNA sequence obtained for the complete fragment (VH-linker-VL- c myc-histidines) called scFv 2H1 (SEQ ID No. 6) appears in Figure 2.
- the representative plasmid of this construction was called pACR.1- scFv 2H1.
- 2H1 RVCP heavy chain RV
- 2H1 RVCL light chain
- 2H1 RVCP belongs to Subgroup I of variable regions of human immunoglobulins
- 2H1 RVCL can be classified into several groups of variable regions of human immunoglobulins type lambda.
- PACR.1-scFv 2H1 was used to transform competent E. coli BL21 cells. This strain allows the expression of the heterologous protein in the periplasm and / or the culture medium. The transformation was plated in selective solid medium and growth was allowed at 37 ° C. A representative colony of the construction was grown in liquid medium and upon reaching 1 of OD 530n In it was induced for 12 hours by adding 1 mM of isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (in English "isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside", abbreviated IPTG ) to the culture medium.
- IPTG isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside
- Recombinant bacteria transformed with the pACR.1-scFv 2H1 vector were centrifuged and the supernatant was dialyzed for 72 hours in the coupling buffer (5OmM NaH 2 PO4, 30OmM NaCI, pH 7-8). Preparations containing scFv were applied directly to an Agarose-NTA matrix (QIAGEN).
- Figure 4A demonstrates that a protein with a high purity is obtained that continues to migrate somewhat above 29 kDa.
- the fractions obtained were evaluated by Western Blot using as a primary antibody a specific monoclonal antibody (9E10) against the c-myc-derived peptide containing this protein and in the standard (scFv-M3), followed by rabbit anti-lgG antibodies of mouse conjugated with peroxidase (Sigma).
- Figure 4B demonstrates that AcM 9E10 detected scFv 2H1 without major degradation.
- the ability of purified scFv 2H1 to block the access of a soluble VEGF receptor to the antigen was evaluated by means of a competitive ELISA.
- the assay is based on the inhibition of the binding of a soluble KDR-Fc receptor to human VEGF-A adsorbed to a solid surface, by adding increasing concentrations of scFv 2H1.
- Maxisorp (Nunc) 96-well immunoplates were coated with human VEGF-A 121 isoform (Peprotech) at a concentration of 1 ⁇ gg / mL in PBS for 16 hours at 4 0 C.
- the plates were blocked and subsequently the wells were incubated with increasing concentrations of purified 2H1 scFv, and 0.5 ⁇ g / mL of soluble receptor (KDR-Fc, SIGMA), or only with the vehicle (PBS-4% milk).
- An anti-HBsAg scFv was used as a negative control.
- the KDR-Fc bound to the human VEGF-A in the solid phase was detected with anti-human IgG antibodies conjugated with peroxidase (Sigma).
- scFv 2H1 is capable of affecting the binding of the soluble receptor to human VEGF-A in the solid phase, with a clear dependence on the dose used.
- the scFv 2H1 bacterial fragment was compared with Bevacizumab (Avastin®, Genentech) with respect to its ability to identify the fusion protein P64 47a a-VEGF, originally used for the phage antibody selection procedure described in Example 3 and which gave rise to scFv 2H1-F.
- P64 47 aa-VEGF or human VEGF-A (Peprotech) were immobilized in 96-well Maxisorp (Nunc) immunoplates at a concentration of 1 ⁇ g / ml in PBS, for 16 h at 4 0 C. The plate was blocked at 22 0 C with PBS-4% milk for 1 h.
- scFv 2H1 recognizes both P64 47aa -VEGF and human VEGF-A, while the Bevacizumab only recognizes Peprotech's human VEGF-A.
- the unrelated scFv anti-HBsAg and TheraCIM humanized IgGI antibody against the EGF receptor; CIMAB SA, Habana
- Example 6 Expression of scFv 2H1 in Pichia pastoris and demonstration of its recognition for human VEGF.
- Plasmid pPS9 is an integrative vector that contains a fragment of 1, 15 Kb corresponding to the promoter of the enzyme alcohol oxidase (AOX.1) followed by the gene that codes for the secretion signal of the sucrose invertase (sucll) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , a multiple cloning site, a 960 bp fragment of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapt) enzyme to guarantee termination of transcription, and the S.
- AOX.1 alcohol oxidase
- this vector contains a 2.1 kb fragment, corresponding to the 3 'sequence of the AOX.1 gene. All these elements are inserted into a vector pUC18 (EP0438200 A1). After the Ncol / Xbal digestion of the 2H1 gene, and purification from agarose gel, it was linked to the previously digested pcol vector Ncol / Spel, and the ligation products were used to transform the E. coli strain XL-1 Blue. .
- Isolated colonies corresponding to the transformation of the strain with each recombinant vector were analyzed, using a PCR of colonies with a primer that hybridizes in the promoter, selecting those that were found to contain the insert. Sequencing of the cloned genes was performed according to the procedure described in other examples. The sequences obtained for the recombinant plasmids called pPS2H1-12 and pPS2H1-13 match, and contain the scFv 2H1, with sequence compatible with that cited in SEQ ID No. 6. Recombinant strains of P. pastoris were obtained with these two plasmids by means of Ia Electroporation of the wild strain MP36 his 3 (Yong V. et al. 1992. Biotechnol.
- AcM 9E10 as primary antibody, and mouse anti-mouse IgG conjugated antibodies with peroxidase (Sigma). For both constructs, recombinant proteins were identified by AcM 9E10.
- Example 7 Obtaining a bacterial Fab fragment from the variable regions of scFv 2H1 and characterizing its recognition for human VEGF
- the plasmid pFabHum-1 is schematized, used for the production of soluble Fab-type fragments in the periplasm and culture medium of E. coli.
- the vector has a LacZ promoter, an RBS, the sequence of a signal peptide (PS), cloning sites for the light chain variable region (Sal I and Avr II), and the coding sequence for a human immunoglobulin C ⁇ domain, followed by another RBS and PS sequence, cloning sites for the heavy chain variable region (Apa Ll and Bst EII) followed by the coding sequence of a human immunoglobulin CH1 domain, extended to include the first cysteine of the hinge region of a human IgGI.
- the heavy RV-CH1 protein is expressed in association with a domain of six histidines for purification by IMAC and a c-myc peptide for analytical purposes, both at the C-terminal end and provided by the vector itself.
- the DNA corresponding to the fagomide carrying the scFv called 2H1-F was first digested with the enzymes Sal I and Avr Il to obtain the light chain variable region. After verifying the size in 1.5% agarose gel, cloning was carried out in the pFabHum-1.
- the plasmid (called pFab-Hum-1 RVL) was replicated, purified and then subjected to a new digestion with the enzymes Apa Ll and Bst EII. In the case of Bst IBD, the digestion was partial. Once the size of 1.5% agarose gel was verified, cloning was carried out in the pFab Hum-1 RVL. Once the cloning was verified by restriction enzymes, the plasmid (called pFab 2H1-32), was replicated, purified and sequenced automatically. The DNA sequence coding for the mature Fab 2H1-32 protein is described in Figure 7.
- the one corresponding to the light chain and C ⁇ RV combination can be seen in 7A (SEQ ID No.9) and the one corresponding to the RV combination Heavy chain and CH1 can be seen in 7B (SEQ ID No. 10).
- the sequences of the CDRs noted according to the classification of Kabat et al.
- PFabHum-1 H1-32 was used to transform competent E. coli BL21 cells. The transformation was plated in selective solid medium and growth was allowed at 37 ° C for 16 hours. A representative colony of the construction was grown in liquid medium and upon reaching 1 of OD 5 30 nm it was induced for 12 hours by adding 1 mM of IPTG to the culture medium. The cells were centrifuged and the periplasmic content was isolated by osmotic shock and brief sonication, both the periplasmic fraction and the culture supernatant were evaluated in 12% SDS-PAGE. This assay revealed the expression of a protein of expected molecular weight (approx.
- the purified Fab fragment was evaluated for its ability to recognize human VEGF by an ELISA assay.
- Maxisorp (Nunc) 96-well immunoplates were coated with isoforms 121 and 165 of human VEGF-A (Peprotech) and isoform 120 of mouse VEGF-A (R&D) at a concentration of 1 ⁇ g / ml.
- Samples of the purified Fab were diluted and incubated one hour at 22 ° C. After several washes a specific monoclonal antibody (9E10) was added against the c-myc-derived peptide (1 ⁇ g / mL), followed by rabbit anti-mouse IgG antibodies conjugated to peroxidase (Sigma).
- Example 8 Obtaining and characterizing recognition of dimeric molecules comprising two units of the scFv fragment genetically fused to the Fc fragment of a human IgGI.
- PCR was performed using the plasmid pACR.1-scFv 2H1 as a template containing the gene sequence of scFv 2H1 and primers # 5 ( SEQ ID No. 10) and # 6 (SEQ ID No. 11) that appear in Table 8, to modify the DNA sequence that codes for this antibody fragment and make it compatible with the cloning that follows.
- This procedure was performed with the PanoTaq enzyme (Panorama Inc.), and the procedure recommended by the manufacturer.
- the amplified DNA was cloned into the pVSJG-HucFc vector.
- This vector is represented in Figure 8A and was designed for the expression in mammalian cells of a polypeptide chain comprising, in this order: a leader sequence (signal peptide) of the heavy chain of a murine monoclonal antibody, followed by a fragment scFv, separated by 10 amino acids (which act as a spacer) of the consensus sequences that form the hinge domains, CH2 and CH3 of a human IgGI immunoglobulin.
- this chain passes to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is dimerized from the formation of the covalent disulfide bonds in the hinge domain and the complementary association of the CH2 and CH3 regions.
- the hinge domains, CH2 and CH3 thus form a human immunoglobulin Fc, to which two identical scFvs associated with a "complete antibody” type bivalent molecule are associated by its N-terminal end ( Figure 8B).
- Figure 8B Among the main features of this vector are the presence of a cytomegalovirus promoter.
- the two plasmids were purified under endotoxin-free conditions using the Yield Plasmid Midiprep (Promega) Puree system, and were used to transfect P3 / x63 myeloma cells. Ag8,653 using the SuperFect reagent (QIAGEN). Transfectomas were selected in the presence of the G418 selection marker. Supernatants obtained from colonies of transfectomas resistant to this antibiotic were evaluated by an ELISA assay. For this, Maxisorp 96-well immunoplates (Nunc) were coated with isoform 121 of human VEGF (Peprotech).
- the transfectome clones producing the ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1-4.1 and ScFv 2 -Fc 2H 1-8.2 molecules were grown in 162 cm 2 bottles in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum and the supernatant was collected from reached high cell density
- the supernatants of the two clones were diluted 1: 1 in sodium phosphate buffer 0.1 M, pH 7.0 and purified independently by affinity chromatography, using Sepharose Fast Flow 4 Protein A (Amersham) matrices.
- the scFv 2 -Fc 2H 1-4.1 and scFv 2 -Fc 2H 1-8.2 molecules were eluted with 0.2 M glycine buffer; pH 4.0 and subjected to rapid neutralization with 1M Tris; pH 10.0. After dialysis against PBS, the concentration was estimated by UV adsorbance at 280 nm and the purity by 12% SDS-PAGE. It was determined that the preparation had more than 85% purity. Samples of the purified molecules were applied to an ELISA system as described in the previous procedure, as compared to unpurified supernatant, determining that they possessed adequate human VEGF-A recognition activity by this method.
- Eluted phages were amplified in TG1 bacteria and used as a starting material in the next selection cycle. This procedure was repeated 3 times under the same conditions. Subsequently, individual colonies of TG1 infected with the eluted phages of the second and third selection cycle were randomly selected to produce phages at 96-well scale.
- phage ELISA a phage ELISA.
- 96 plates were coated Maxisorp (Nunc) wells with scFv 2H1, and then blocked.
- the phages diluted in PBS-4% skim milk were incubated for 1 hour at 22 ° C in the plates, followed by several washes with 0.1% PBS-Tween.
- the bound phages were detected by the addition of an anti-M13 peroxidase conjugate (Amersham). Of the 40 phage clones evaluated by this ELISA, 35 of them were positive and were used for the procedure below.
- an ELISA was performed where the competition of the phage peptides with VEGF-A was evaluated, by binding to the scFv fragment adsorbed to a solid surface
- a 96-well plate (Nunc, Maxisorp) was coated with 10 ⁇ g of scFv 2H1, and blocked.
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- the bound phages were detected by the addition of an anti-M13 peroxidase conjugate (Amersham). As seen in Figure 11 for a sample of the clones tested, the presence of VEGF completely prevents the binding of phage associated peptides to the immobilized scFv 2H1.
- the methods require the 3D structure of an element of the interaction partner (template protein; in our case the human VEGF-A, from the PDB Protein Data Bank (Code 1 BJ1) and the sequence amino acid of the second element in this interaction (binding protein; in our case the CCRTLMLLQYHR peptide; SEQ ID NO.
- the FINDEPI program generates a database of potential mimotopes of each surface patch in the protein template, applying a set of stereochemical rules.This database is explored using profile alignment methods to detect mimotopes potentially similar to the peptides experimentally selected for their binding.After applying a clustering algorithm, the program reports a list of residues exposed on the surface of the template protein, with the possibility of being located at the interface of interaction between the two proteins. The method has been tested with protein-protein complexes for which its crystallographic structure is known, and for which there is experimental sequence data of the peptides that bind.
- an interaction zone was defined in the human VEGF-A molecule that mainly comprises residues C102, C57, R56, T31 and L32 (recorded according to the PDB Protein Data Bank Code 1 BJ1). It is considered in this invention that these residues are major indicators of the epitope recognized by scFv 2H1. According to the predictions made, they may also appear associated with the main indicator residues of the epitope described above, although with a lower score, residues G59, C68, V69, P70 and H99.
- the epitope defined primarily through residues C102, C57, R56, T31 and L32 does not match those reported for other antibodies and antibody fragments that neutralize human VEGF (Muller AY et al. 1997.
- Figure 12 shows the mapping of the residues that mainly define the epitope recognized in the VEGF-A molecule by scFv 2H1, in comparison with those described for other antibodies.
- a representative cartoon-like diagram of the tertiary structure of human VEGF-A is used in its dimeric conformation, with alpha helices, beta chains and loops.
- the two identical molecules of the dimer appear as light gray and black.
- the position of the residues defined as the main indicative of the epitope recognized by scFv 2H1 are marked only in the light gray chain, and appear in black, representing Van der Waals (VDW).
- Residues recognized by other antibodies are marked as light gray VDW in Figures 12 A to Ia D.
- Figures 12A and 12B show that the epitope defined by the main indicative residues for scFv 2H1 is contiguous but not overlapped with that defined for Fab G6 and B20-4 (Fuh G. et al. 2006. J Biol Chem 281: 6625-6631).
- Figure 12C shows that the epitope defined by the main indicative residues for scFv 2H1 is quite different and structurally distant from that defined for the humanized antibody Bevacizumab, commercially known as Avastin.
- Figure 12D shows that the epitope defined by the main indicative residues for scFv 2H1 also does not structurally overlap with that defined for antibody 3.2E3.1.1 (Muller AY et al. 1997. PNAS 94: 7192-7197).
- Figure 12E shows the position of contiguous amino acids (in light gray VDW) that are different when comparing the sequences of human and mouse VEGF-A, in relation to the position of the epitope defined by the main indicative residues C102, C57 , R56, T31 and L32 for scFv 2H1 (in black VDW). It is known in the state of the art that residues adjacent to a given epitope are critical for the projection of the tertiary structure thereof, and therefore, for its recognition by antibodies, as well as that the change of a single amino acid is sufficient to determine The specificity of an antibody for a molecule of one species or another (Fuh G. e ⁇ al. 2006. J Biol Chem 281: 6625-6631). This could explain why scFv 2H1 does not recognize mouse VEGF-A.
- the cells were stimulated with fresh medium supplemented with 10 ng / ml of human VEGF-A (Peprotech) and incubated with different concentrations of scFv 2H1, Fab 2H1-32, ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1-4.1 and ScFv 2 -Fc molecules 2H1-8.2.
- HuVEC cells were grown in the presence of 10 ng / mL of human VEGF-A, where they reach a proliferation that is arbitrarily defined as 100% (proliferation controls without interference, VEGF bar), or mixtures of scFv purified molecules were added 2H1, Fab 2H1-32, ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1 4.1 and ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1 8.2, at three different concentrations (striped bar: 2 ⁇ g / mL; full bar: 1 ⁇ g / mL and empty bar: 0.5 ⁇ g / mL) with 10 ng / mL of human VEGF-A (Peprotech).
- the mixture with the soluble KDR-Fc receptor at 0.5 ⁇ g / mL was used as inhibition control.
- an anti-HBsAg scFv was used in the mixture.
- the cells were stained with 0.5% crystal violet in 20% methanol.
- the plates were washed with water and allowed to air dry. Staining was eluted with a 1: 1 solution of ethanol in 0.1 M sodium citrate and absorbance was measured in a plate reader at 562 nm.
- the absorbance value of the basal cell proliferation was subtracted from all plaque values and the data were represented as the percentage of inhibition with respect to the control of maximum proliferation.
- Example 11 Evaluation of the in vivo antiangiogenic effect of different molecules that recognize human VEGF, in the subcutaneous Matrigel pellet model in the mouse.
- the animals were divided into groups of 10 and injected subcutaneously in the abdominal midline with 500 ⁇ L of Matrigel containing 100 ng of human VEGF (Peprotech), and different concentrations of the molecules to be tested or an unrelated antibody (CB -Hep.1, Heber Biotec, Havana).
- the animals were sacrificed and the Matrigel plug was removed, from which the hemoglobin content was determined by the Drabkin Method using the Drabkin's reagent kit (Sigma) system according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- the scFv 2H1, Fab 2H1-32, ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1-4.1 and ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1- 8.2 molecules significantly inhibit (p ⁇ 0.001) the human VEGF-induced vascularization in the Matrigel pellets, which is correlated with a decrease in hemoglobin levels.
- Example 12 Evaluation of the in vivo antiangiogenic effect of different molecules that recognize human VEGF, in the model of nude mice xenotransplanted with human tumor cells of the A431 line.
- an effective model for the assay. of anti-angiogenic substances is that of the inhibition of tumor growth in animals. Due Since scFv 2H1, and therefore the molecules derived from the RVs that compose it, identify only human VEGF, the tumor growth model in mice was established with human tumor cells inoculated to congenital nude mice (nude mice; nu / nu) . In the experiment performed, 9 groups of 5 nude nu / nu mice of BALB / c line (CENPALAB, Havana) were used, aged between 8 and 10 weeks.
- the treatment groups were organized for each of the four molecules (scFv 2H1, Fab 2H1-32, ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1-4.1 and ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1-8.2) taking into account two dose levels: 25 mg / kg and 2.5 mg / kg per mouse in PBS pH 7.2.
- the ninth group (negative control) was treated only with the vehicle (PBS pH 7.2).
- the mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 5x10 6 human tumor cells of the A431 line (ATCC, CRL 1555) in the right dorsal area. When the tumors reached 200 mm 3 volumes, the mice were randomized in the 9 groups of 5 animals and the treatment was started as indicated for each experimental group.
- tumor penetration (supposedly better at less size) is not as important as bioavailability, which is favored for "IgG type" molecules such as ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1 4.1 and ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1 8.2, due to the presence of an Fc compatible with FcRn-mediated recycling (Vaccaro C. et al. 2005. Nature Biotechnol 23: 1283 -1288).
- Fc compatible with FcRn-mediated recycling Vaccaro C. et al. 2005. Nature Biotechnol 23: 1283 -1288.
- the scFv and the Fab are not so different, since both lack Fc.
- the tumors of the treated mice showed a significant reduction in vascular density, a reduction in the diameter of the vessels, an increase in tumor apoptosis and a reduction in mitotic figures.
- Example 13 Ability of the scFv 2H1 fragment labeled with 125 I to selectively lodge in the tumor area in nude mice inoculated with A431 cells.
- radiolabeled products were analyzed in thin layer chromatography to determine the incorporation into protein, finding values of 93 and 95% of the radioactivity, respectively.
- the ability of radiolabeled products to detect their corresponding antigens was tested in a system where polystyrene immunotubes were coated with recombinant human VEGF isoform 121 (5 ⁇ g / mL; Peprotech), or recombinant HBsAg (5 ⁇ g / mL; Heber Biotec, Havana), were blocked, and the sample of the radiolabeled fragment of corresponding specificity was added, adjusted to the amounts that could be trapped by that solid phase.
- mice 20 nu / nu mice were used. The animals were inoculated subcutaneously with 5x10 6 human tumor cells of the A431 line in the right dorsal area. When the tumors reached volumes of around 300 mm 3 , four groups of 5 animals were randomized and treatment began. The mice were injected through the tail vein with the radiolabelled product in question (10 with scFv 2H1 and another 10 with scFv Hep.1), and were sacrificed in groups of 5 of each product at 24 and 48 hours, surgically removed the tumor and the following normal tissues: spleen, liver, kidney, intestine, muscle, bone marrow and blood. The accumulation of radioactivity was expressed as a percentage of the dose injected per gram of tissue.
- scFv 2H1 can specifically locate anatomical areas where there is a high local concentration of human VEGF, such as an A431 tumor, and is therefore useful for transporting to this area of It specifically forms different therapeutic products, such as a radioactive isotope, or possibly a toxin or a drug.
- the values correspond after 24 and 48 hours after injecting the animals with the different radiolabeled molecules with 125 I. Each ratio was calculated from the average values derived from the tissues recovered from 5 mice.
- EXAMPLE 14 Prevention of experimental choroidal neovascularization (NVC) in non-human primates by means of the scFv 2H1 fragment and the bivalent molecule ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1-4.1.
- Anesthesia before enucleation and for euthanasia was done with intravenous sodium pentobarbital.
- the NVC membranes were induced in the macula by means of argon laser burns, ensuring that the procedure caused a blister and a small hemorrhage, with application points between 50 and 100 ⁇ m.
- Photography and fluorescent angiography were used to detect and measure the extent and characteristics of the lesions.
- the eyes of the animals were checked on different days, before and after the application of the fragment and the placebo, of the laser burn procedure, and at the end of the experiment, which ended with enucleation and death.
- the animals were divided into two groups of 3, according to the molecule to be studied: the scFv 2H1 antibody fragment or the bivalent immunoglobulin type ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1-4.1 molecule.
- the right eye of each animal received 500 ⁇ g of scFv 2H1 or ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1-4.1, depending on the group, in 50 ⁇ L of PBS by intravitreal injection, while the left only the vehicle.
- the eyes received 2 injections before laser treatment (days 0 and 14). On day 21, all eyes received laser treatment for the induction of NVC. An injection in each eye was repeated on day 2 with the specific product or vehicle.
- phase I of the treatment (before day 42) the studies demonstrated a reduction in the advent of grade 4 lesions in the eyes where scFv 2H1 or ScFv 2 -Fc 2H 1-4.1 was administered, compared to the respective eyes control, which suggests that the fragment helps in the prevention of NVC.
- the treatment phase Il when all eyes received scFv 2H1 fragment or ScFv 2 -Fc
- EXAMPLE 15 Expression of dimeric molecules comprising two units of the scFv fragment genetically fused to the Fc of a human IgGI in transgenic tobacco plants.
- the CPR was used, under conditions such as those described in Example 8, to amplify the gene coding for ScFv 2 -Fc 2H1-4.1, and modify its ends for the addition of appropriate restriction sites (Ncol and Xbal) to clone in plant cell vectors.
- the basic synthetic oligonucleotides used in CPR were designed based on the sequences reported in SEQ ID No. 13.
- the amplified DNA fragment was detected as a majority band of approximately 1.4 Kb and purified from an agarose gel to the 1% (Sigma) using the QIAquick GeI Extraction Kit (QIAGEN, GmbH).
- the DNA was subsequently digested with the aforementioned enzymes and cloned into the pHES74 vector (López A., et al. 1996. Applied Biotechnology 13: 265-270) as a scFv-hinge-CH2-CH3 construct preceded by the signal sequence of the sweet potato sporamine.
- This vector has the promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S, an omega leading region of the tobacco mosaic virus that acts as a translational enhancer to increase the amount of protein produced, and the nopaline synthase terminator that also promotes expression high foreign genes in transgenic plants.
- the scFv-Fc-terminator gene-promoter expression cassette was introduced into the binary vector pDE1001, to produce the final plasmid pDEscFv-Fc.70. Details for similar constructions and for the Work with this type of material has been previously reported (Ram ⁇ rez, N. et al. 2002. Transgenic Res. 11: 61-64).
- the final plasmid pDEscFv-Fc.70 was used to transform cells of Nicotiana tabacum cv plants. Petit Havana SR1, through gene transfer mediated by Agrobacter ⁇ um tumefaciens.
- the FO and F1 plants were obtained by conventional procedures described above and the expression of active scFv-Fc molecules was detected using an ELISA system similar to that described in Example 8.
- the biologically active scFv-Fc molecule is prepared in the form of total soluble proteins (TSP) from plants, which were extracted by grinding 0.4 g of tobacco leaves from transformed plants, or controls, in liquid nitrogen until obtaining a fine powder, basically as described.
- the powder was transferred to a reaction tube, mixed 1: 2 (weight / volume) with extraction buffer (61 mM Tris-HCI pH 6.9; 2% SDS; 12.5% glycerol), and incubated in ice for 5 minutes.
- the insoluble material was removed by centrifuging at 13,000 rpm and the soluble part was tested in ELISA at different dilutions, using anti-human Fc antibodies conjugated to alkaline phosphatase (Sigma) to detect the expression. It was shown that the TSP of the transgenic plants contained molecules capable of recognizing the human VEGF of the solid phase, but not the TSP of the control plants.
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MX2009004765A MX2009004765A (es) | 2006-11-01 | 2007-10-30 | Anticuerpos recombinantes contra el factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular (vegf). |
CA002667594A CA2667594A1 (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2007-10-30 | Recombinant antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) |
US12/447,711 US20100151566A1 (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2007-10-30 | Recombinant antibodies against the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) |
JP2009534978A JP2010508033A (ja) | 2006-11-01 | 2007-10-30 | 血管内皮増殖因子(vegf)に対する組換え抗体 |
BRPI0717971-5A2A BRPI0717971A2 (pt) | 2006-11-01 | 2007-10-30 | Anticorpos recombinantes contra o fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (vegf) |
EP07817383A EP2093236A1 (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2007-10-30 | Recombinant antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) |
AU2007315484A AU2007315484A1 (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2007-10-30 | Recombinant antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) |
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Cited By (5)
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JP2010131009A (ja) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-06-17 | Korea Research Inst Of Bioscience & Biotechnology | Vegf−特異的なヒト抗体 |
WO2012089176A1 (es) | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-05 | Centro De Ingenieria Genetica Y Biotecnologia | Anticuerpos recombinantes contra el factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular (vegf) obtenidos mediante mutagenesis de regiones variables |
CN103012588A (zh) * | 2011-09-23 | 2013-04-03 | 武汉吉天朋生物科技发展有限公司 | 利用具有中和VEGFA生物学活性的McAb应用于肿瘤的靶向治疗 |
WO2016065494A1 (es) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-06 | Universidad De Concepcion | Moléculas polipeptídicas contra el factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular (vegf) |
WO2023109982A1 (es) | 2021-12-15 | 2023-06-22 | Centro De Ingenieria Genetica Y Biotecnologia | Polipéptidos que se unen a factores de crecimiento proangiogénicos |
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CN104073502B (zh) * | 2013-03-26 | 2016-08-24 | 华东师范大学 | 人脑钠肽的中和性基因工程抗体3c1及其制备方法和应用 |
US9840553B2 (en) | 2014-06-28 | 2017-12-12 | Kodiak Sciences Inc. | Dual PDGF/VEGF antagonists |
BR112018013407A2 (pt) | 2015-12-30 | 2018-12-18 | Kodiak Sciences Inc | anticorpos e conjugados dos mesmos |
AU2020364071A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 | 2022-05-26 | Kodiak Sciences Inc. | Methods of treating an eye disorder |
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AR063448A1 (es) | 2009-01-28 |
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EP2093236A1 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
CN101573379A (zh) | 2009-11-04 |
WO2008052489A8 (es) | 2009-07-23 |
ZA200903017B (en) | 2010-03-31 |
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US20100151566A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
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