WO2007129703A1 - 耐食性に優れたステンレス鋼、耐すきま腐食性、成形性に優れたフェライト系ステンレス鋼、および耐すきま腐食性に優れたフェライト系ステンレス鋼 - Google Patents
耐食性に優れたステンレス鋼、耐すきま腐食性、成形性に優れたフェライト系ステンレス鋼、および耐すきま腐食性に優れたフェライト系ステンレス鋼 Download PDFInfo
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- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
Definitions
- the first aspect of the present invention relates to stainless steel used in a salt damage environment where excellent corrosion resistance is required, for example, building materials and outdoor equipment in a beach environment with a high amount of incoming salt, or in winter.
- the present invention relates to stainless steel used for fuel tanks, fuel pipes and other parts of automobiles and motorcycles that run in cold regions where snow melting salt is sprayed.
- the second aspect of the present invention requires excellent crevice corrosion resistance and formability in automobiles, motorcycle exhaust systems, fuel systems, hot water supply equipment, etc., equipment and pipes that have structural gaps.
- the present invention relates to a ferritic stainless steel used for a member to be manufactured.
- the present invention relates to a ferritic stainless steel used for a required member.
- Chlorides contained in sea water include sodium chloride and magnesium chloride, which are concentrated chloride solutions when adhering as incoming salt and becoming wet. Easy to form.
- snowmelt salt is composed of calcium chloride and sodium chloride, it is usually sprayed in a solid state, so that a concentrated chloride solution is easily formed.
- sodium chloride can dry at a relative humidity of 75% or less.
- Magnesium chloride and calcium chloride do not dry unless the relative humidity is 40% or less, so a concentrated chloride solution in a wider humidity range. Form. This also shows the degree of deliquescence, indicating that magnesium chloride and calcium chloride absorb moisture at a lower humidity than salt nitrite to form a concentrated chloride solution. It is important to have excellent corrosion resistance in concentrated magnesium chloride or concentrated salty calcium since there is generally a range of 40-75% relative humidity in the atmospheric environment.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a ferritic stainless steel having improved crevice corrosion resistance.
- Patent Document 1 It is characterized by excellent crevice corrosion resistance without requiring a large amount of Cr and Mo addition by adding more than 16% Cr and about 1% Ni.
- Patent Document 1 it is evaluated by a dry and wet repeated test in a sodium chloride environment. By using a dry and wet repeated test, the corrosion characteristics of concentrated sodium chloride solution can be grasped, but the corrosion characteristics of concentrated magnesium chloride or concentrated salty calcium solution are taken into account.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a ferritic stainless steel that contains a large amount of Cr and Mo and can be used in a marine environment by adding an appropriate amount of Co. Co and Mo are expensive and are inferior in manufacturability because they contain a large amount of Cr, Mo and Co.
- Patent Document 3 states that by adding P, corrosion resistance is improved, so that a large amount of Cr and Mo is not essential, and C, Mn, Mo, Ni, Ti, Nb, Cu, and N are made appropriate. Ferritic stainless steels that ensure the properties are disclosed. However, since P deteriorates weldability, it becomes a hindrance when manufacturing welded structures.
- Patent Document 3 the most severe corrosion resistance test described in Patent Document 3 is CASS test (saline spray), and no consideration is given to concentrated magnesium chloride or concentrated calcium chloride environment.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a ferritic stainless steel aiming at improving the cleanliness and controlling the form of inclusions by increasing the corrosion resistance by adding P-added iron and adding appropriate amounts of Ca and A1. The selective addition of Mo, Cu, Ni, Co, etc. is also described.
- the most severe corrosion test here is 10% secondary chloride This is a crevice corrosion test in 3% iron salt solution, and no consideration is given to the concentration of concentrated magnesium chloride.
- austenitic stainless steel represented by SUS304 and SUS316L has good perforation resistance starting from pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion, but there is a concern about stress corrosion cracking resistance. Therefore, by applying high Cr, high Ni, high Mo to suppress the occurrence of pitting crevice corrosion, which is the starting point of stress corrosion cracking, so-called super austenitic stainless steel is applied, or Si and Cu are added in combination. SUS315J1 and 315J2 steels with improved stress corrosion cracking can be used, but both are expensive.
- ferritic stainless steel has been used for various applications by utilizing the corrosion resistance, workability, and cost performance of ferritic stainless steel.
- local corrosion such as pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking is particularly important.
- pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion are important.
- Crevice corrosion is especially important for members that have structural gaps such as welds and flange joints, and internal fluid leaks due to perforations caused by crevice corrosion.
- the local corrosion is also important for the durability of stainless steel equipment and piping members used in a salty environment.
- Patent Document 5 and Patent Document 6 present measures for painting and sacrificial corrosion prevention. Yes.
- Patent Document 7 discloses a ferritic stainless steel aiming at improving the cleanliness and controlling the form of inclusions by increasing the corrosion resistance by adding P and adding an appropriate amount of Ca and A1.
- P is a hindrance when manufacturing welded structures because it degrades weldability, and costs increase because productivity decreases.
- the appropriate range is narrow and the steelmaking cost increases, making it an expensive material and the advantage of using ferritic stainless steel is diminished. .
- Patent Document 1 described above discloses a ferrite stainless steel having improved crevice corrosion resistance by using Ni-added iron, which is intended to further improve crevice corrosion resistance.
- the selective addition of Cu is also described. Since Ni deteriorates formability, there is a problem that it is difficult to form parts that require high formability, such as automobile exhaust systems and fuel system parts.
- Patent Document 8 discloses a ferritic stainless steel sheet having excellent high-temperature strength
- Patent Document 9 and Patent Document 10 disclose ferritic stainless steel having excellent surface characteristics and corrosion resistance. Steel and its manufacturing method are disclosed.
- Patent Document 8 as an effect of Sn, improvement of high temperature strength, particularly prevention of lowering of high temperature strength after long-term aging is mentioned, and Sb is also described in the same manner as Sn.
- the effect of the present invention is an effect on crevice corrosion resistance, which is different from the effects of Sn and Sb in Patent Document 8.
- the latter patent document 9 and patent document 10 are based on Mg and Ca, and Ti, C, N, P, S, and O are added to this to control the content of these elements to control ridging characteristics and corrosion resistance.
- Sn is described as a selective additive element. Improvement of corrosion resistance is cited as an effect of Sn.
- corrosion resistance is evaluated by pitting potential.
- the pitting corrosion potential is an electrochemical evaluation of the resistance to the occurrence of pitting corrosion, whereas the present invention targets crevice corrosion.
- the effect of Sn is found as a growth suppression effect after crevice corrosion occurrence, and the resistance improvement effect against pitting corrosion occurrence described in Patent Document 9 and Patent Document 10 Is different.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-89828
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-138058
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-6-172935
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-7-34205
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-277992
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent No. 3545759
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent No. 2880906
- Patent Document 8 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-169943
- Patent Document 9 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-288543
- Patent Document 10 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-288544
- the first object of the present invention is to create a coastal environment where a large amount of expensive Ni and Mo are added, and to salt damage environments such as cold road environments where snowmelt salt is sprayed.
- salt damage environment represented by concentrated salty magnesium or concentrated calcium chloride, which is more severe than the corrosive environment caused by salty sodium, it has excellent resistance to crevice due to crevice corrosion and pitting corrosion. It is to obtain stainless steel with excellent stress corrosion cracking resistance (stress corrosion cracking resistance).
- the second object of the present invention is to provide a ferritic stainless steel having excellent pore resistance (crevice corrosion resistance) and formability of the gap.
- the third object of the present invention is to provide a ferrite stainless steel having excellent crevice corrosion resistance, particularly excellent resistance to pores in the crevice portion.
- the stainless steel having excellent corrosion resistance according to the first aspect of the present invention is, in mass%, C: 0.001-0.02%, N: 0.001-0.02%, Si: 0.01-0.5%, Mn: 0.05- 0.5%, P: 0.04% or less, S: 0.01. /.
- Mo 3.0% or less
- Cu 1.0% or less
- V 3.0% or less
- W 5.0 % Or less
- Zr In the range of 0.5% or less, one or more of Mo, Cu, V, W, and Zr may be included.
- Al not more than 1%
- Ca not more than 0.002%
- Mg not more than 0.002%
- B not more than 0.005%, including one or more.
- the ratio of the austenite phase to the martensite phase is 15. / 0 or less, the remainder may be composed of a ferrite phase, and the grain size number of the ferrite phase may be No. 4 or more.
- the crevice corrosion resistance is improved by Ni, while the moldability reduced by Ni is improved by ensuring the addition of an appropriate amount of A1 and the Al / Nb ratio.
- the ferritic stainless steel having excellent crevice corrosion resistance and formability according to the second aspect of the present invention has a mass of 0 , C: 0.001 to 0.02%, ⁇ : 0.001 to 0.02%, Si: 0.01 to l% , ⁇ : 0 ⁇ 05 to 1%, ⁇ : 0.04% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Ni: 0.15 to 3%, Cr: ll to 22%, ⁇ : 0 ⁇ 5 to 3%, Ti: 0.0 1 to 0.5%, Nb: less than 0.08%, Al: more than 0.1%, 1% or less, Cr, Ni, Mo, A1 included within the range that satisfies the following formulas (A) and (B), the balance being Fe And inevitable impurities.
- One or two of Cu: 0.1 to 1.5% and V: 0.02 to 3.0% may be included within a range satisfying the following formula (A ').
- Ca 0.0002-0.002%
- Mg 0.0002-0.002%
- ⁇ 0.0002-0.005%, or one or more of them may be included.
- Sn and Sb are added in appropriate amounts to improve crevice corrosion resistance, and to improve the life to crevice due to crevice corrosion, Sn, Based on the effect of Sb on crevice corrosion resistance, especially on the pore resistance of crevice parts, we provide ferritic stainless steel with excellent crevice corrosion resistance.
- the ferritic stainless steel having excellent crevice corrosion resistance according to the third aspect of the present invention is, by mass%, C: 0.001 to 0.02%, ⁇ : 0 001 to 0.02%, Si: 0.01 to 0.5%, Mn: 0.05 to l%, P: 0.04% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: 12 to 25%, Ti or Nb 1 or 2 Ti: 0.02 to 0.5%, Nb: It is included in the range of 0.02 to 1%, and one or two of Sn and Sb are included in the range of Sn: 0.005 to 2% and Sb: 0.005 to 1%, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.
- Ni 5% or less, Mo: 3% or less 1 or 2 types may be included.
- V 3% or less and W: 5% or less may be included.
- Al 1% or less, Ca: 0.002% or less, Mg: 0.002% or less, and B: 0.005% or less may be included.
- the first aspect of the present invention is excellent in the resistance to crevice due to crevice corrosion and the resistance to stress corrosion cracking in a salt damage environment. It is effective for extending the life of parts such as fuel tanks and fuel pipes for automobiles and motorcycles that run in cold regions where snowmelt salt is sprayed in winter.
- the second aspect of the present invention it is possible to provide a ferritic stainless steel that achieves both excellent pore resistance (crevice corrosion resistance) of the gap portion and high formability. For this reason, the crevice corrosion resistance of the second aspect of the present invention is excellent for parts that have crevice corrosion due to structural differences such as the exhaust system, fuel system, and hot water supply equipment of automobiles and motorcycles. Using ferritic stainless steel improves the perforation resistance and is effective in extending the service life of members.
- the material is suitable as a material for important parts such as automobile fuel tanks and fuel supply pipes that require a long service life.
- it because it has good formability, it can be easily processed into members, and is also suitable as a material when the product is a steel pipe.
- the third aspect of the present invention it is possible to provide a ferritic stainless steel having excellent crevice corrosion resistance, particularly excellent resistance to pores in the crevice portion. For this reason, of the parts used in automobile parts, water supply, hot water supply facilities, and building equipment, there are gaps in the structure, and they are used in chloride environments and have excellent crevice corrosion resistance.
- the ferritic stainless steel having excellent crevice corrosion resistance according to the third aspect of the present invention the pore resistance of the crevice is reduced. Improved. Therefore, it is effective for extending the life of the member.
- there are an exhaust system member and a fuel system member as automobile parts and there are an exhaust pipe, a silencer, a fuel tank, a tank fixing band, a fuel supply pipe, and the like.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the shape of a test piece.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the wet and dry repeated test conditions of Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing the wet and dry repeated test conditions of Example 2.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between equation (A) and the maximum erosion depth.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the evaluation results of moldability and ridging resistance.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the effects of Sn and Sb.
- FIG. 7 is a view showing the wet and dry repeated test conditions of Example 3.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of repeated wet and dry tests.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the passivating current density and the maximum erosion depth of the crevice in the repeated wet and dry test.
- Magnesium chloride and calcium chloride can exist as an aqueous solution even at a lower relative humidity than the sodium chloride, as described in the background art above. High saturation concentration. Therefore, since it exists as a higher concentration chloride solution in a wider humidity range, it is more corrosive than sodium chloride, increasing the active dissolution rate at the site where crevice corrosion and pitting corrosion occurred, and stress corrosion. Cracking is also promoted.
- ⁇ An element useful for pitting corrosion resistance and crevice corrosion resistance, but reduces intergranular corrosion resistance and workability. Moreover, excessively lowering the scouring cost. Therefore, it was set to 0.001-0.02%. Desirably 0.002 to 0.015%, more desirably 0.002 to 0.01%.
- Si An element that is useful as a deoxidizing element and effective in corrosion resistance, but its content was set to 0.01 to 0.5% in order to reduce workability. Desirably 0.03 to 0.3%
- Mn Force S that is useful as a deoxidizing element. If excessively contained, MnS is formed, resulting in poor corrosion resistance. Therefore, the content was set to 0.05 to 0.5%.
- P Since weldability and workability are lowered, it is necessary to keep the content low. Therefore, the P content is set to 0.04% or less.
- S When S is present as an easily soluble sulfide such as CaS or MnS, it becomes a starting point of pitting corrosion resistance or crevice corrosion, which deteriorates pitting corrosion resistance and crevice corrosion resistance. Therefore, it was made 0.01% or less. Desirably, it is 0.002% or less.
- Cr At least 11% or more is necessary because it is a basic element for securing the most important corrosion resistance in stainless steel and stabilizes the ferrite structure. Strength increases as corrosion resistance increases. Processability and manufacturability decrease, so the upper limit was set at 26%. 16 to 25% is desirable.
- Ni In a corrosive environment more severe than sodium chloride such as salty calcium and salty magnesium, the active dissolution rate is suppressed at the site where crevice corrosion and pitting corrosion occurred, and the passive state It is the most effective element for crystallization, and the most important element in the present invention. To achieve this effect, a Ni content of at least 3% is required. If it is contained excessively, the workability is lowered and the cost is increased, so the upper limit was made 5%. Desirably, it is more than 3% and 4% or less, more desirably more than 3% and 3.5% or less.
- Ti and Nb are elements useful for fixing C and N and improving workability and intergranular corrosion resistance of welds.
- one or two of Ti and Nb are used. Contains seeds.
- Ti An element useful for fixing C and N and improving workability and intergranular corrosion resistance of welds, and at least 0.01% or more is necessary.
- Ti should be contained at least four times the sum of (C + N).
- the upper limit was made 0.5%. Desirably, it is 0.03-0.3%.
- Nb An element useful for fixing C and N and improving workability and intergranular corrosion resistance of welds, and is required to be at least 0.02% or more.
- Nb At least eight times the sum of (C + N).
- the upper limit was set to 0.6% because excessive addition of Nb reduces workability. Desirably, it is 0.05 to 0.5%.
- Mo Can be contained as necessary to ensure corrosion resistance. Mo, in combination with Ni, suppresses the rate of active dissolution at sites where crevice corrosion and pitting corrosion have occurred. At the same time, the effect on passivation is enhanced to improve the corrosion resistance. Also, like Cr, it contributes to stabilization of the ferrite phase. Therefore, when contained, it is desirable to contain 0.5% or more. However, excessive addition degrades processability and increases costs because it is expensive. Therefore, when included, 0.5 to 3.0. Desirable to be / o. More desirably, it is 0.5 to 2.5%.
- V, W, Zr In order to ensure corrosion resistance, V, W, Zr can be contained as necessary. In any case, the combination with Ni suppresses the active dissolution rate at the site where crevice corrosion and pitting corrosion occurred, and enhances the effect on passivation to improve the corrosion resistance. It also contributes to stabilization of the ferrite phase. Therefore, when contained, V is 0.02% or more, W is 0.5% or more, and Zr is 0.02. / Addition of more than 0 is desirable, but excessive addition reduces workability and increases costs, so the upper limit is 3.0% for V, 5.0% for W, and 0.5% for Zr. did.
- Cu In order to ensure corrosion resistance, Cu can be contained if necessary. In combination with Ni, it suppresses the active dissolution rate at the site where crevice corrosion and pitting corrosion occurred and enhances the effect on passivation to improve the corrosion resistance. Therefore, when it is contained, it is desirable to contain 0.1% or more. However, excessive addition degrades processability. In addition, since it is an austenite-forming element, it is necessary to increase the Cr and Mo contents in order to stabilize the ferrite structure, leading to an increase in cost. Therefore, when it is contained, it is desirable that the content is 0 ⁇ 1 to: L 0%. More desirably, it is 0.2 to 0.6%.
- Al, Ca, Mg Al, Ca, Mg are elements that have a deoxidizing effect and the like and are useful for scouring, and can be contained as necessary. In addition, it is useful for improving the formability and toughness by refining the structure, so that one or more of Al, Ca and Mg are contained in Al: 1% or less, Ca: 0.002% or less, Mg : 0.0. 002% or less is desirable.
- A1 is a ferrite-forming element and has the effect of suppressing the formation of the austenite phase at high temperatures. As a result, it is thought that forming a ferrite phase texture that is advantageous for formability contributes to improvement of formability.
- A1 when A1 is contained, it is desirable that the content be 0.002% or more and 0.5% or less.
- each content should be 0.0002% or more. Is desirable.
- B is an element useful for improving secondary workability, and is desirably contained in an amount of 0.002% or more as required. However, if excessively contained, the primary workability is lowered, so the upper limit was made 0.005%.
- the ratio of the austenite phase to the martensite phase is 15% or less, the balance is a ferrite phase, and the ferrite phase grain size number is No. 4 or more:
- the Ni amount increases.
- Second phases such as austenite phase and martensite phase are likely to exist.
- the room temperature elongation decreases, so the upper limit is preferably 15%.
- the finish annealing temperature is increased to suppress the formation of the second phase, the ferrite phase becomes coarser and the grain size number becomes less than No.
- the ratio of the second phase is 15% or less and the grain size number of the ferrite phase is No. 4 or more, the ferrite content of Cr, Mo, etc. This is achieved by balancing the amount of the forming element added and setting the final annealing temperature, for example, by the method shown in the examples.
- Perforations due to crevice corrosion are an important factor in determining the life of components in automobiles and motorcycles, such as exhaust systems, fuel systems, hot water supply equipment, etc. .
- the inventors of the present invention diligently researched the process until crevice corrosion leads to perforation into two periods, the induction period until crevice corrosion occurs and the growth period after crevice corrosion occurs.
- A1 is a ferrite-forming element, it suppresses the formation of austenite phase at high temperature, and as a result, aggregates of ferrite phases that are advantageous for formability It is thought to form an organization.
- the moldability and ridging resistance are improved by controlling Al / Nb, but the effect of Nb and A1 on the solid solution strengthening power, carbonitride formation ability, and recrystallization speed It is thought that such differences are involved.
- Si An element that is useful as a deoxidizing element and effective in corrosion resistance, but its content was set to 0.01 to 1% in order to reduce workability. Desirably, it is 0.03 to 0.3%.
- Mn Useful as a deoxidizing element, but if contained excessively, corrosion resistance deteriorates.
- S When S is present as an easily soluble sulfide such as CaS or MnS, it can be a starting point of pitting corrosion or crevice corrosion. Therefore, it was made 0.01% or less.
- Cr Element that is fundamental for ensuring crevice corrosion resistance, and at least 11% is required. As the content is increased, crevice corrosion resistance is improved. However, in the pore resistance particularly required in the present invention, the effect of reducing the progress rate after crevice corrosion occurrence is not great. In addition, the upper limit was made 22% in order to reduce workability and manufacturability. Desirably, it is 15-22%.
- M It is the most effective element in reducing the rate of progress after crevice corrosion in terms of pore resistance (crevice corrosion resistance) of the crevice. At least 0.15% is required to achieve this effect. Especially when combined with Mo, the effect is further enhanced. The effect increases as the content increases. However, when the content is excessive, the sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking increases and the formability decreases. In addition, the upper limit was set at 3% because it would increase costs. Desirably 0.4 to 3%.
- Mo is particularly effective for the occurrence of crevice corrosion.
- Ni By combining with Ni, the effect of suppressing the growth rate after crevice corrosion is further increased, so that It can improve the cracking resistance (crevice corrosion resistance). Therefore, it is necessary to contain 0.5% or more. However, excessive addition degrades processability and is expensive. This leads to an increase in cost. Therefore, it was set to 0.5 to 3%. Desirably, it is 0.5 to 2.5%.
- C and N are fixed elements, and are useful elements for improving the intergranular corrosion resistance and workability of the welded portion. At least 0.01% or more is necessary. Here, it is desirable to contain Ti at least four times the sum of (C + N). However, excessive addition causes surface flaws during production and deteriorates manufacturability, so the upper limit was made 0.5%. Desirably, it is 0.03 to 0.3%.
- Nb Usually, C and N are often treated in the same manner as Ti as an element for fixing N. In the present invention, a large amount of additive deteriorates moldability and ridging resistance. As will be described later, it is extremely important to define the ratio of A1 / Nb. Adding a large amount of Nb leads to an increase in the amount of A1 added, so the upper limit was set to 0.08%. In order to produce without significantly increasing the raw material cost, it is desirable to make it 0.01% or less. In general mass production processes, it is often included as an inevitable impurity of about 0.001 to 0.005%.
- A1 is known to have a deoxidizing effect and the like and is useful for scouring, and may be contained in the order of several tens of ppm.
- the formability of the cold-rolled steel sheet is remarkably improved when the A1 additional strength is further increased, and the effect is confirmed when the content exceeds 0.1%.
- excessive addition on the other hand, lowers the formability and toughness. Desirably, it exceeds 0.1% and is 0.5% or less.
- A1 is a ferrite-forming element, so it suppresses the formation of the austenite phase at high temperatures, resulting in a ferrite phase texture that is advantageous for formability. It is thought to form.
- Al / Nb This is an index that has been clarified for the first time by the present inventors. When this value is 10 or more, good moldability and ridging resistance can be obtained. This value is extremely large when Nb is not added, so the upper limit is not specified. The reason why the moldability and ridging resistance are improved by controlling Al / Nb is not clear, but the solution strength of Nb and A1, the ability to form carbonitride, and the recrystallization rate. It is thought that the difference such as the influence of
- Cu In order to ensure crevice corrosion resistance, it can be contained if necessary. Cu, in combination with Ni, has a greater effect of suppressing the growth rate after crevice corrosion has occurred. As a result, the perforation resistance (crevice corrosion resistance) of the clearance can be improved. Therefore, when it is contained, it is desirable to contain 0.1% or more. However, excessive addition degrades processability and increases the cost because it is expensive. Therefore, when it is contained, the content is preferably 0.1 to 1.5%.
- V For the purpose of further improving the crevice corrosion resistance, it can be contained if necessary. V is particularly effective for crevice corrosion, as is Mo, but the excess force is a cost-up factor, so it was set to 0.02 to 3.0%.
- one or two of Cu and V may be used.
- a ' It is preferable to include within the range that satisfies the formula.
- Ca Like A1, Ca is an element that has a deoxidizing effect and the like and is useful for scouring.
- this element has a deoxidizing effect and is useful for scouring. It is also useful for refining the structure and improving workability and toughness.
- Mg 0.0002 to 0.002
- B is an element useful for improving secondary workability, and can be contained as required. However, if it is contained excessively, it will reduce the primary strength.
- Addition of Sn and Sb has the same effect as addition of Ni to the reduction of the maximum erosion depth.
- Mo has the same effect as Ni, and Sn and Sb are effective in improving the pore resistance of the gap, and it is understood that the effect is further enhanced when combined with Ni and Mo. .
- N force that is an element useful for pitting corrosion resistance
- the content thereof must be kept low.
- excessively lowering the strength increases the scouring cost, so 0.001 to 0.02% was set.
- Si An element useful as a deoxidizing element and effective in corrosion resistance, but its content was set to 0.01 to 0.5% in order to reduce workability. Desirably, it is 0.05 to 0.4%.
- Mn Useful as a deoxidizing element, but if contained excessively, corrosion resistance deteriorates.
- P Since weldability and workability are deteriorated, it is necessary to keep the content low. However, excessive reduction increases raw material costs and scouring costs. Therefore, the P content is 0.04% or less.
- S When S is present as an easily soluble sulfide such as CaS and MnS, it can be a starting point for pitting corrosion or crevice corrosion. Therefore, it was made 0.01% or less.
- Cr Element that is fundamental to ensuring crevice corrosion resistance, and at least 12% is required. As the content is increased, crevice corrosion resistance is improved. However, in the pore resistance particularly required in the present invention, the effect of reducing the progress rate after crevice corrosion occurrence is not great. In addition, the upper limit was made 25% in order to reduce workability and manufacturability. Desirably, it is 15-22%.
- Ti, Nb An element useful for fixing C and N and improving the intergranular corrosion resistance and workability of welds.
- Ti and Nb are used as Ti and Nb. Both should be contained at least 0.02%.
- (Ti + Nb) / (C + N) is preferably 6 times or more.
- the upper limit of Ti is 0.5% and the upper limit of Nb is 1%. Desirably, Ti is 0.03 to 0.3% and Nb is 0.05 to 0.6%.
- Sn, Sb These elements are extremely effective in reducing crevice corrosion resistance, particularly in the crevice resistance of the crevice, and reducing the rate of progress after crevice corrosion occurs.
- the effect is enhanced by inclusion with Ni and also with Mo.
- Ni and Mo are included with Ni and also with Mo.
- Sn is set to 0.005 to 2%
- Sb is set to 0.005 to 1%.
- Sn is 0.01 to 1% and Sb is 0.005 to 0.5%
- Ni In order to improve crevice corrosion resistance, it can be contained if necessary. It is an extremely effective element in reducing the rate of progress after crevice corrosion in terms of pore resistance (crevice corrosion resistance) in the gap. Even if used alone, it has the same effect as Sn and Sb, and when Sn and Sb are added together, the effect is further enhanced. The effect stabilizes from 0.2%, and the effect increases as the content increases. However, when it is contained excessively, the susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking increases and the formability decreases. Moreover, it becomes a cost increase factor. Therefore, it is desirable to contain in the range of 0.2-5%.
- Mo Can be contained as necessary to improve crevice corrosion resistance. In addition to being particularly effective for crevice corrosion, Mo is more effective in suppressing the growth rate after crevice corrosion by combining Sn, Sb, and M together. Can improve the perforation resistance (crevice corrosion resistance) of parts. The effect stabilizes from 0.3%, and the effect increases as the content increases. However, excessive addition degrades processability and increases costs because it is expensive. Therefore, it is desirable to contain in the range of 0.3 to 3%.
- Cu In order to ensure crevice corrosion resistance, Cu can be contained as required. Clearance Effective in reducing the rate of progress after corrosion occurs, and it is desirable to contain 0.1% or more. However, excessive addition degrades workability. Therefore, it is desirable to contain in the range of 0.1-1.5%.
- V For the purpose of further improving crevice corrosion resistance, it can be contained if necessary.
- V like Mo, is particularly effective in reducing the occurrence of crevice corrosion and the rate of progress after crevice corrosion. The effect stabilizes from 0.02%, and the effect increases as the content increases, but excessive addition causes a cost increase. Therefore, it is desirable to contain in the range of 0.02 to 3.0%.
- W For the purpose of further improving crevice corrosion resistance, it can be contained as necessary.
- the W like Mo and V, is particularly effective in reducing crevice corrosion and the rate of progress after crevice corrosion. The effect stabilizes from 0.3%, and the effect increases as the content increases, but excessive addition increases the cost. Therefore, it is desirable to contain in the range of 0.3-5%.
- A1 is an element useful for scouring and having a deoxidizing effect, etc., and has an effect of improving moldability, and is desirably contained in a range of 0.003 to 1%.
- Ca is an element useful for scouring and having a deoxidizing effect and the like, similar to A1, 0.0002 to 0.002
- this element has a deoxidizing effect and is useful for scouring. It is also useful for refining the structure and improving workability and toughness. Mg: 0.0002 It is desirable to make it contain in the range of ⁇ 002%.
- B is an element useful for improving secondary workability, and is desirably contained in a range of 0.0002 to 0.005%.
- a test piece having a width of 60 mm, a length of 130 mm, a width of 30 mm, and a length of 60 mm was cut out from the cold-rolled steel sheet, and wet-polished to # 320 with emery paper. After that, these two large and small specimens were overlapped and spot-welded at two points as shown in Fig. 1 (the part marked with a circle in Fig. 1 (spot welded part 1)), with a width of 60mm and a length of 130mm. Cover end and back with sealing tape
- the maximum value was determined from the erosion depths measured at 10 or more points, and those whose maximum value was below 400 ⁇ m were judged as good (Good), and those over 400 ⁇ m were judged as bad.
- the thickness of stainless steel used in the salt damage environment as a target in the present invention is mainly 0.8 to 2 mm, and the standard is 400 ⁇ m as a half of the thinnest thickness.
- a specimen with a width of 15 mm and a length of 75 mm was cut out from the cold-rolled steel sheet in parallel with the rolling direction, bent at 8R, and constrained in parallel to produce a U-bend specimen.
- U-bend specimen Two artificial seawater droplets 10 ⁇ 1 were dropped on the outer surface of the R part. Specimen Place in a constant temperature and humidity tester with the R part facing up, 80 ° C, 40 ° C. /. Hold for 672h under RH conditions. Under these conditions, the sodium chloride salt contained in the artificial seawater is completely dry and becomes a concentrated magnesium chloride environment. After the test was completed, the outer surface and cross section of the R part of the test piece were observed to determine the presence or absence of stress corrosion cracking.
- the second phase ratio consisting of martensite phase or austenite phase is It was determined by image analysis based on black tissue photographs. The crystal grain size of the ferrite phase was measured in accordance with JISG 0552.
- a JIS13B tensile test piece was taken from the above test material in parallel with the rolling direction and subjected to a room temperature tensile test to measure the total elongation.
- 20% is the target for the total elongation that is desirable for the molding of parts that are the subject of the present invention.
- the underlined portion indicates that the ratio of the second phase exceeds 15% or the grain size number of the Ferai phase is less than No. 4.
- the steels of No. Al to No. A13 within the scope of the present invention have a maximum erosion depth of 400 ⁇ m or less in the crevice part, show no corrosion even in the stress corrosion cracking test, exhibit good corrosion resistance, and have a normal temperature elongation. The processability is good with 20% or more.
- the steel of No. A14 whose Ni range deviates from the scope of the present invention is inferior in crevice corrosion resistance although it has good resistance to stress corrosion cracking and room temperature elongation. The Ni range and the second phase ratio deviate from the scope of the present invention No.
- A15 steel has good crevice corrosion resistance and stress corrosion cracking resistance, but its room temperature elongation is less than 20%, which is inferior in workability.
- Steel No. A16 with a grain size number less than No. 4 is inferior in workability with a room temperature elongation of less than 20%.
- No. A17 and No. A18 are SUS304, SUS315J:! Equivalent steel, force S, and crevice corrosion resistance is good, but cracking occurs in the stress corrosion cracking test and is inferior in stress corrosion cracking resistance.
- a test piece having a width of 60 mm, a length of 130 mm, a width of 30 mm, and a length of 60 mm was cut out from the cold-rolled steel sheet, and wet-polished to # 320 with emery paper. After that, spot welding was applied to the shape shown in Fig. 1, and the end and back surfaces of 60mm width and 130mm length were covered with sealing tape. Using this test piece, the wet and dry repeated test was conducted under the conditions shown in FIG. After completing 180 cycles, the large and small test pieces were separated. Thereafter, the corrosion products were removed, and the erosion depth of the spot weld gap was measured by the optical microscope depth of focus method. Except for the test conditions specified here, the conditions were stipulated in JASO M609-91, which is the automotive material corrosion test method of the Automotive Engineers Association standard.
- the thickness of the stainless steel is mainly 0.8 to 2.0 mm, and the thinnest thickness is used as a reference.
- Formability was evaluated by a cylindrical deep drawing test.
- the molding conditions were punch diameter: ⁇ 50 ⁇ , punch shoulder R: 5 mm, die shoulder R: 5 mm, blank diameter: ⁇ 100 mm, wrinkle holding force: 1 ton, friction coefficient: 0.11-0.13.
- This coefficient of friction is a level obtained by applying a lubricating oil having a kinematic viscosity of 1200 mm 2 / sec at 40 ° C to the front and back surfaces of the steel sheet.
- Formability was evaluated based on whether or not deep drawing with a molding limit drawing ratio of 2.20 was possible under the above conditions. In other words, it was judged good (Good) if it could be molded, and bad (Bad) if a molding crack occurred in the middle.
- ridging resistance For ridging resistance, a tensile specimen was taken from a cold-rolled steel sheet in a direction parallel to the rolling direction, and after surface tension of 15%, surface irregularities (waviness) in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction were measured with a two-dimensional roughness meter. The maximum height of the irregularities was defined as the ridging height. When the ridging height was less than 15 zm, it was judged as “Good”, and when it was above 15 ⁇ m, it was judged as “bad”.
- No. B16 in which the A1 range and the range of the formula (B) are out of the present invention is inferior in ridging resistance.
- No. Bl 7 in which the Nb range and the range of the formula (B) deviate from the present invention is inferior in both moldability and ridging resistance.
- a test piece having a width of 60 mm, a length of 130 mm, a width of 30 mm, and a length of 60 mm was cut out from the cold-rolled steel sheet, and wet-polished to # 320 with emery paper. Then, spot the shape as shown in Figure 1. The end and back surfaces of 60mm width and 130mm length were covered with sealing tape.
- test piece Using this test piece, a wet and dry repeated test was performed under the conditions shown in FIG. After completing 120 cycles, the large and small test pieces were separated. Thereafter, the corrosion products were removed, and the erosion depth of the spot weld gap was measured by the optical microscope depth of focus method. The medium force maximum value of the erosion depth measured from more than 10 points was determined.
- the test conditions other than those specified here were in accordance with the conditions specified in JASO M609-91, which is the automotive material corrosion test method of the Automotive Engineers Association.
- Example C16 925 [0114] Steels No. Cl to No. C13 within the scope of the present invention have a maximum crevice depth of 600 / im or less and good crevice corrosion resistance.
- the first aspect of the present invention is suitable for building materials, outdoor equipment, or automobile parts or motorcycle parts that run in cold regions where snowmelt salt is sprayed in winter, in a beach environment with a lot of incoming salt.
- the ferritic stainless steel having excellent pore resistance (crevice corrosion resistance) and formability of the gap portion according to the second aspect of the present invention is a structural element for automobiles, motorcycle exhaust systems, fuel systems, hot water supply facilities, etc. It is useful as a member that has an upper clearance and requires excellent crevice corrosion resistance and formability. It is particularly suitable for important parts that require a long life, such as fuel tanks for automobiles and fuel supply pipes.
- the ferritic stainless steel of the third aspect of the present invention which is excellent in crevice corrosion resistance, particularly in the crevice resistance of the crevice part, has a crevice part in the structure such as automobile parts, water supply, hot water supply equipment, and building equipment. It is useful as a member used in parts that require excellent crevice corrosion resistance in equipment and piping used in chloride environments.
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Priority Applications (6)
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CN200780016464XA CN101437974B (zh) | 2006-05-09 | 2007-05-08 | 耐腐蚀性优良的不锈钢、耐间隙腐蚀性和成形性优良的铁素体系不锈钢、以及耐间隙腐蚀性优良的铁素体系不锈钢 |
KR1020117000666A KR101179408B1 (ko) | 2006-05-09 | 2007-05-08 | 내간극 부식성이 우수한 페라이트계 스테인리스 강 |
KR1020127010106A KR101261192B1 (ko) | 2006-05-09 | 2007-05-08 | 내간극 부식성이 우수한 페라이트계 스테인리스 강 |
US12/226,592 US8470237B2 (en) | 2006-05-09 | 2007-05-08 | Stainless steel excellent in corrosion resistance, ferritic stainless steel excellent in resistance to crevice corrosion and formability, and ferritic stainless steel excellent in resistance to crevice corrosion |
KR1020117000667A KR101120764B1 (ko) | 2006-05-09 | 2007-05-08 | 내식성이 우수한 스테인리스 강 |
CA2650469A CA2650469C (en) | 2006-05-09 | 2007-05-08 | Stainless steel excellent in corrosion resistance, ferritic stainless steel excellent in resistance to crevice corrosion and formability, and ferritic stainless steel excellent in resistance to crevice corrosion |
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JP2006-212115 | 2006-08-03 | ||
JP2006215737A JP5089103B2 (ja) | 2006-05-09 | 2006-08-08 | 耐食性に優れたステンレス鋼 |
JP2006-215737 | 2006-08-08 | ||
JP2007026328A JP4727601B2 (ja) | 2007-02-06 | 2007-02-06 | 耐すきま腐食性に優れたフェライト系ステンレス鋼 |
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KR20110009268A (ko) | 2011-01-27 |
US8470237B2 (en) | 2013-06-25 |
KR20120049410A (ko) | 2012-05-16 |
CA2777715C (en) | 2014-06-03 |
KR20110006740A (ko) | 2011-01-20 |
CN101437974B (zh) | 2011-07-13 |
US20100150770A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
CA2650469A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
KR20080110662A (ko) | 2008-12-18 |
CA2776892C (en) | 2014-12-09 |
CA2777715A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
CN101437974A (zh) | 2009-05-20 |
CA2650469C (en) | 2014-02-11 |
KR101179408B1 (ko) | 2012-09-04 |
KR101261192B1 (ko) | 2013-05-09 |
KR101120764B1 (ko) | 2012-03-22 |
CA2776892A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
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