WO2007016865A1

WO2007016865A1 - A flow measuring device of a stream

Info

Publication number: WO2007016865A1
Application number: PCT/CN2006/001977
Authority: WO
Inventors: Yu Chen
Original assignee: Yu Chen
Priority date: 2005-08-10
Filing date: 2006-08-04
Publication date: 2007-02-15
Also published as: CN1731105A; CN1332183C

Abstract

A flow measuring device of a stream, which fixes at least two dynamic pressure sensors on the measuring path of the changing cross-sectional area used to measure the undulating quantity value of restricting differential pressure which can measure the stream flow. The device can measure multiply two-phase flow. When adding a phase measuring device on the flow measuring device, it can measure two-phase flow with much accuracy and can be used to measure oil, gas and water three-phase flow.

Description

流体的流量检测装置 Fluid flow detecting device

技术领域 Technical field

本发明涉及一种基于压力检测的流量检测装置，更进一步地说，本发明属于通过检测节流装置所产生的压力波动量值来进行流量检测的装置，并且当所述流体为各种两相流或者三相流时，所述装置尤其适用。 The present invention relates to a flow rate detecting device based on pressure detection, and more particularly, the present invention pertains to a device for detecting flow rate by detecting a pressure fluctuation amount value generated by a throttling device, and when the fluid is a plurality of two phases The device is particularly suitable for flow or three-phase flow.

背景技术 Background technique

在现实生产和生活中，流体无处不在。传统的节流差压式流量计利用流体流动的节流差压特征来进行其流量特征的检测，成功地应用于工业已逾百年，其全球销售数量在各类流量仪表中长期占居首位，达到仪表总量的 50 %以上。 In real production and life, fluids are everywhere. The traditional throttling differential flowmeter uses the throttling differential pressure characteristic of fluid flow to detect its flow characteristics. It has been successfully applied in industry for more than 100 years, and its global sales volume has long been the first among various flow meters. , reaching more than 50% of the total meter.

节流差压式流量计是以伯努利方程和流动连续性方程为基础的。充满管道的流体，当它流经管道内的节流装置时，流体将在节流件处形成局部收缩，因而流速增加，静压力降低，于是在节流装置前后便产生了压差，这一压差与流量的平方近似成正比，这样可依据压差来衡量流量的大小。这一基本原理在大多数涉及流量计量技术的书刊中均有介绍，例如机械工业出版社出版的 "流量测量技术及仪表"一书（ISBN 7-111-10147-2 )第三章第二节第 43页。 The throttling differential flowmeter is based on the Bernoulli equation and the flow continuity equation. The fluid filled with the pipe, when it flows through the throttling device in the pipe, the fluid will form a partial contraction at the throttle, so that the flow rate increases, the static pressure decreases, and a pressure difference is generated before and after the throttling device. The difference is proportional to the square of the flow, which measures the flow based on the differential pressure. This basic principle is introduced in most books dealing with flow measurement technology, such as the book "Flow Measurement Technology and Instrumentation" published by Mechanical Industry Press (ISBN 7-111-10147-2), Chapter 3, Section 2 Page 43.

但是，随着工业生产过程的自动化水平的不断提高，更高的流量检测要求也不断出现，以下两个方面的要求就是十分迫切的： However, as the level of automation in industrial production processes continues to increase, higher flow detection requirements continue to emerge, and the following two requirements are urgent:

一方面，节流差压式流量计固然有很多优点，但是它的以下缺点是急需改进的- 一是范围度窄。由于检测的节流差压信号与流体流量为平方关系，要保证一定的流量检测精度，范围度通常难以大于 3 : 1-4 : 1。 On the one hand, the throttling differential flowmeter has many advantages, but its shortcomings are urgently needed to be improved - one is a narrow range. Since the detected differential pressure signal and the fluid flow are squared, it is usually difficult to ensure a certain flow detection accuracy, and the range is usually more than 3: 1-4: 1.

二是节流差压引压管线容易发生故障。这段管路连接在节流装置与差压变送器之间，是其薄弱环节，容易产生堵塞、泄漏、腐蚀、冻结、信号失真等故障。据统计，在节流差压式流量计的各类故障中，引压管线造成的故障占总数的 70%以上。 Second, the throttling differential pressure piping is prone to failure. This pipe is connected between the throttling device and the differential pressure transmitter, which is a weak link, which is prone to blockage, leakage, corrosion, freezing, signal distortion and other faults. According to statistics, in the various types of faults of the differential flow type flowmeter, the fault caused by the impulse pipeline accounts for more than 70% of the total.

另一方面，随着工业生产过程的日趋复杂，往往需要对一些多组分混合流体中的每一组分进行无须分离的流量检测。常见的多相混合流体有以下五类- 第一类是气液混合两相流，如带水的水蒸气、空调中的制冷剂以及其它易于汽化的液体和易于液化的气体等，油气井出产的带有少量凝析油或者液态水的天然气也属于此类流体。相应的流量检测专利如美国专利 US-5031466。 On the other hand, as the industrial production process becomes more complex, it is often necessary to perform flow detection without separation for each component of some multi-component mixed fluids. There are five types of common multiphase mixed fluids - the first is gas-liquid mixed two-phase flow, such as water vapor with water, refrigerant in air conditioners, and other easily vaporized liquids and easily liquefied gases. Natural gas with a small amount of condensate or liquid water is also a fluid of this type. Corresponding flow detection patents are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,031,466.

第二类是气固混合两相流，如采用气力输送的煤粉、粮食以及化工原料颗粒等。相应的流量检测专利如美国专利 US- 4726235。 The second type is gas-solid mixed two-phase flow, such as coal powder, grain and chemical raw material particles that are pneumatically transported. A corresponding flow detection patent is disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,726,235.

第三类是液液混合两相流，如油井出产的油水混合液等。相应的流量检测专利如美国专利 US- 6755086。 The third type is a liquid-liquid mixed two-phase flow, such as an oil-water mixture produced in an oil well. The corresponding flow detection patents are US Patent No. 6755086.

第四类是固液混合两相流，如纸桨、采用液力输送的水煤浆以及化工原料浆状液等。相应的流量检测专利如美国专利 US-4484478。 The fourth category is solid-liquid mixed two-phase flow, such as paper pulp, coal-water slurry using hydraulic conveying, and chemical raw material slurry. A corresponding flow detection patent is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,484,478.

第五类是油气水三相流，即油气井出产的原油、伴生气和矿化水的混合流体。相应的流量检测专利如美国专利 US- 6655221 , 以及公开号为 1492216A、公开日期为 2004年 The fifth category is the three-phase flow of oil and gas, that is, the mixed fluid of crude oil, associated gas and mineralized water produced by oil and gas wells. Corresponding flow detection patents such as U.S. Patent No. 6,655,221, and Publication No. 1492216A, published as 2004

4月 28日的中国专利。 Chinese patent on April 28.

从上述文献可见，上述每一类多相流体的不分离流量检测都是困扰工业界几十年时间的技术难题。 It can be seen from the above documents that the non-separating flow detection of each of the above-mentioned multiphase fluids is a technical problem that has plagued the industrial industry for decades.

传统的节流差压式流量计在多相流的检测环境下，前述两个缺点尤其严重。原因是，一方面，多相流体中各相物质的黏度、密度往往差别较大，当两种物质的界面通过节流装置时会产生很大的节流差压波动。这种情况下，必须选择量程较大的差压传感器才能承受这种节流差压的冲击而不至于造成永久性损坏，而量程过大就无法保证节流差压比较小的正常情况下的检测精度。另一方面，多相流中常常混合有气体或者固体，这些气泡或者固体颗粒又对引压管线的压力传递功能构成了无法避免的严重威胁。结果，传统的节流差压式流量计与其它种类的流量计同样，都无法有效用于解决多相流检测这一技术难题。 The conventional two-stage differential pressure type flowmeter is particularly serious in the detection environment of multi-phase flow. The reason is that, on the one hand, the viscosity and density of the phase materials in the multiphase fluid tend to vary greatly, and when the interface between the two materials passes through the throttling device, a large amount of throttling differential pressure fluctuation occurs. In this case, you must select a differential pressure sensor with a large range to withstand this section. The impact of the flow differential pressure does not cause permanent damage, and if the range is too large, the detection accuracy under normal conditions where the throttle differential pressure is relatively small cannot be ensured. On the other hand, gas or solids are often mixed in the multiphase flow, which in turn poses an inevitable serious threat to the pressure transfer function of the pressure line. As a result, the conventional throttle differential pressure flowmeter, like other types of flowmeters, cannot be effectively used to solve the technical problem of multiphase flow detection.

针对上述不足，近年来针对节流差压式流量计主要有以下几方面的研发努力：一是采用宽量程差压变送器或多台差压变送器并用，拓宽范围度。如美国专利 In view of the above shortcomings, in recent years, the following research and development efforts have been made for the throttling differential pressure flowmeter: First, the wide range differential pressure transmitter or multiple differential pressure transmitters are used together to broaden the range. Such as US patents

US-6860325所描述的技术方案。 The technical solution described in US-6860325.

二是开发线性孔板，拓宽范围度。线性孔板又称弹性加载可变面积可变压头孔板，其曲面圆锥形塞子在差压和弹簧力的作用下来回移动，使孔隙面积随流量大小而自动变化，这种孔隙的变化导致差压输出信号或者位移输出信号与流量成线性关系，进而扩大了范围度。 The second is to develop linear orifice plates to broaden the range. The linear orifice plate, also known as the elastically loaded variable-area variable indenter orifice plate, has a curved conical plug that moves back and forth under the action of differential pressure and spring force, so that the pore area automatically changes with the flow rate, and the change of the pore causes The differential pressure output signal or the displacement output signal is linear with the flow rate, thereby expanding the range.

三是缩短引压管线，将节流装置和差压变送器做成一体，形成一体化节流差压式流量计，减少管线的潜在泄漏点，提高整体可靠性，改善动态特性，方便安装使用。如美国专利 US- 6776054，以及中国发明专利申请公开说明书（申请号为 98239368. 7，公开日期为 1999年 11月 10日）所描述的技术方案。 The third is to shorten the pressure piping, and integrate the throttling device and the differential pressure transmitter to form an integrated throttle differential pressure flowmeter, which reduces potential leakage points of the pipeline, improves overall reliability, improves dynamic characteristics, and facilitates installation. use. The technical solution described in the U.S. Patent No. 6,776,054, and the Chinese Patent Application Publication No. (Application No. 98,239, 368, filed on November 10, 1999).

中国发明专利申请公开说明书（申请号为 88105217. 5，公开日期为 1989年 9月 6日）曾经公开了一种与本发明类似的检测方案，专用于气液两相流的流量检测。在该检测方案中，采用传统的差压传感器对节流装置上的节流差压进行检测，检测结果经计算处理后，分别得到在一段时间之内的节流差压均值量值和节流差压波动量值的均方根值，再根据这两个量值的比值来确定这段时间内气液两相流的含气率，最后再求得气液两相流的总质量流量。 Chinese invention patent application publication specification (Application No. 88105217. 5, published on September 6, 1989) A detection scheme similar to the present invention has been disclosed, which is dedicated to flow detection of gas-liquid two-phase flow. In the detection scheme, the conventional differential pressure sensor is used to detect the throttling differential pressure on the throttling device, and after the detection result is calculated, the mean value of the throttling differential pressure and the throttling within a period of time are respectively obtained. The root mean square value of the differential pressure fluctuation value is determined according to the ratio of the two magnitudes to determine the gas content of the gas-liquid two-phase flow during this period, and finally the total mass flow of the gas-liquid two-phase flow is obtained.

另一份 1991年 7月 16日公开的美国专利 US- 5031466也公开了一个气液两相流的检测方案，该技术方案与上述中国专利的技术方案各方面都十分相似，两者之间的区别仅在于流量的计算公式略有不同。 Another method of detecting a gas-liquid two-phase flow is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,031,466, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The only difference is that the flow calculation formula is slightly different.

上述两个现有专利所存在的问题是：其技术方案是完全照搬了传统节流差压式流量计的结构，对于这种流量计用于单相流情况下原本存在的种种问题没有进行改进的意愿，就直接用于两相流检测；没有认识到所使用的差压传感器和引压管线都对于节流差压波动量值的检测效果有很大的不良影响。 The problems existing in the above two existing patents are as follows: The technical solution completely completely illuminates the structure of the conventional throttle differential pressure flowmeter, and the problems existing in the single flow of the flowmeter are not improved. The willingness is directly used for two-phase flow detection; it is not recognized that the differential pressure sensor and the pressure piping used have a great adverse effect on the detection effect of the differential pressure fluctuation value.

形成上述不良影响的原因有两个方面。一方面，任何压力传感器的反应速度都有一个限度，当压力信号的波动速度快到某一个程度时，检测结果将出现较大的偏差，无法正确反映其真实波动量值。这个限度就称为传感器的频率响应。以目前的技术水平，传统的差压传感器对于频率大于 5KHz的压力信号就已经难以实现准确的检测。另一方面，传统的引压管线的安装方法也很难保证对于高频压力信号的准确检测，因为引压管线本身构成了一个较大的腔室，当其内部存在可被压缩的介质时，其本身就存在类似弹簧的弹性效应，难以有效地传递高频压力信号，而且此腔室过大则容易进入杂质和气泡等，过小则阻力增大，甚至造成局部的堵塞，均不利于节流差压的准确检测。即使釆用充油的毛细管作为引压管线，这一问题仍然难以完全解决。 There are two reasons for the above adverse effects. On the one hand, the reaction speed of any pressure sensor has a limit. When the fluctuation speed of the pressure signal reaches a certain level, the detection result will have a large deviation, and the true fluctuation value cannot be correctly reflected. This limit is called the frequency response of the sensor. At the current state of the art, conventional differential pressure sensors have been difficult to achieve accurate detection of pressure signals with frequencies greater than 5 kHz. On the other hand, the traditional method of installing the impulse line is also difficult to ensure accurate detection of high-frequency pressure signals, because the pressure line itself constitutes a larger chamber, when there is a medium that can be compressed inside. There is a spring-like elastic effect, which is difficult to effectively transmit high-frequency pressure signals. Moreover, if the chamber is too large, it is easy to enter impurities and bubbles. If it is too small, the resistance increases, and even local blockage is caused, which is not conducive to the section. Accurate detection of flow differential pressure. Even with oil-filled capillaries as the pressure line, this problem is still difficult to solve completely.

由于上述原因，节流差压波动量值的检测误差一直较大，而这也是节流差压波动量值与流量的准确关系一直没有被发现的主要原因之一。前述两个现有专利虽然尝试寻求节流差压波动量值与流量的准确关系，但是由于节流差压波动量值的检测误差导致此关系模糊不清。结果是绝大多数专家认为这个关系不准确、不可靠、不可能成为新一代流量计的基本原理，而这一偏见反过来又进一步加剧了对此关系的漠视。近百年来，类似本案的发明一直未能出现，至今所有的业内专家对此均持怀疑态度并且不再尝试，原因就在于此。中国发明专利申请公开说明书（申请号为 88105217. 5，公开日期为 1989年 9月 6日）的发明人之一在其第二份中国发明专利申请公开说明书（公开号为 CN 1477375A, 公开日期为 2004年 2月 25日）的技术背景部分对于其第一份发明专利的技术方案再次评价如下："该方法及仪器由于受井下引压管线太长、管路内径又太小等测试条件的限制，差压的脉动噪音信号经过阻尼很难测出来"，然而却没能给出针对性的解决办法，只是又重新提出了另外一个解决方案。 Due to the above reasons, the detection error of the throttle differential pressure fluctuation value has been large, and this is one of the main reasons why the accurate relationship between the throttle differential pressure fluctuation value and the flow rate has not been found. Although the above two prior patents attempt to find an accurate relationship between the magnitude of the throttling differential pressure fluctuation and the flow rate, the relationship is blurred due to the detection error of the throttle differential pressure fluctuation amount. As a result, most experts believe that this relationship is inaccurate, unreliable, and impossible to become the basic principle of a new generation of flowmeters, which in turn further exacerbates this relationship. In the past 100 years, inventions similar to this case have not appeared. So far, all industry experts are skeptical and no longer try, the reason is this. Chinese invention patent application Please disclose one of the inventors of the publication (Application No. 88105217. 5, published on September 6, 1989) in its second Chinese invention patent application publication specification (publication number CN 1477375A, publication date 2004 2 The technical background of the month 25 is re-evaluated for the technical solution of its first invention patent as follows: "The method and instrument are limited by the test conditions such as the downhole pressure line is too long and the inner diameter of the pipeline is too small. The pulsating noise signal is difficult to measure after damping, but it fails to give a targeted solution, but just re-proposes another solution.

与上述现有专利对比，本发明能够在检测原理上另辟蹊径，放弃贝努利方程，转而基于节流差压波动量值与流量的直接关系，原因正在于，通过动态压力传感器的使用，找到了精确检测节流差压波动量值的方法，进而发现了节流差压波动量值与流量的准确关系，提出了根据单相流的节流差压波动量值可以有效地检测其流量，并克服了单相流中节流差压波动量值极其微弱、准确检测十分困难的技术难题，最终将本发明成功地应用于单相流的流量检测领域，并且产生了流量检测范围度扩大近十倍等预料不到的技术效果。采用动态压力传感器还同时消除了引压管线，从而彻底消除了前述引压管线可能导致的各种故障。 Compared with the above-mentioned prior patents, the present invention can take a different approach in the detection principle, abandoning the Bernoulli equation, and instead based on the direct relationship between the magnitude of the differential pressure fluctuation and the flow rate, the reason is that the use of the dynamic pressure sensor is found. The method of accurately detecting the value of the differential pressure fluctuation of the throttling is found, and the exact relationship between the fluctuation value of the throttling differential pressure and the flow rate is found. It is proposed that the flow rate of the differential pressure fluctuation according to the single-phase flow can effectively detect the flow rate. It overcomes the technical problem that the value of the differential pressure fluctuation in the single-phase flow is extremely weak and accurate, and finally the invention is successfully applied to the field of flow detection of single-phase flow, and the flow detection range is expanded. Ten times the unexpected technical effects. The use of a dynamic pressure sensor also eliminates the impulse line, thus completely eliminating the various failures that can be caused by the aforementioned pressure line.

从表面上来看，本发明的性质属于要素替代发明，因为与传统的节流差压式流量计相比，在机械结构上，本发明的不同之处仅仅在于采用两个动态压力传感器替代了一个传统的差压传感器。需要注意的是，这绝对不是一个简单的同等替换，原因是：这两种压力检测方法的检测目的已经是完全不同的了，采用传统的差压传感器不可能准确检测节流差压波动量值中的高频分量，而采用本发明所选用的动态压力传感器也根本不可能检测得到节流差压'的稳态量值。自从 1886年美国人赫谢尔就用文丘里管制成了测量水流量的实用装置，至今节流差压式流量计在世界范围内的使用总量至少为数百万台，在迄今长达一百多年的使用过程中，其缺点早已为技术人员所熟知并一直渴望解决。但是，本发明提出的方案一直没有出现过，工业过程中所使用的节流差压式流量计都是建立在贝努利方程的基础之上的，也就是说，只有节流差压均值量值中所包含的流量信息被有效利用了，而节流差压波动量值中所包含的流量信息一直被认定为检测噪声而滤除。本发明正是克服了这一偏见，并取得了范围度扩大近十倍等预料不到的技术效果。 On the surface, the nature of the present invention belongs to the elemental replacement invention because, in comparison with the conventional throttle differential flowmeter, the difference in the mechanical structure is that only two dynamic pressure sensors are used instead of one. Traditional differential pressure sensor. It should be noted that this is definitely not a simple equivalent replacement. The reason is: The detection purpose of the two pressure detection methods is completely different. It is impossible to accurately detect the differential pressure fluctuation value using the traditional differential pressure sensor. The high frequency component in the middle, and the dynamic pressure sensor selected by the present invention is also impossible to detect the steady state magnitude of the throttle differential pressure. Since 1886, American Herschel has used venturi control as a practical device for measuring water flow. To date, the total amount of throttling differential flowmeters has been used worldwide for at least millions of units, up to one Over the course of more than 100 years of use, its shortcomings have long been known to the skilled person and have been eager to solve. However, the solution proposed by the present invention has not appeared yet, and the throttling differential pressure flowmeter used in the industrial process is based on the Bernoulli equation, that is, only the throttle differential pressure mean value The flow information contained in the value is effectively utilized, and the flow information contained in the throttle differential pressure fluctuation value is always identified as the detected noise and filtered. The present invention overcomes this prejudice and achieves an unexpected technical effect that the scope is expanded by nearly ten times.

发明内容 Summary of the invention

本发明的目的之一是提供一种流量检测装置，该检测装置可以精确地检测流体的节流差压波动量值，并在此基础之上进一步检测出流体的流量。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a flow rate detecting device which can accurately detect a throttle differential pressure fluctuation amount of a fluid and further detect a flow rate of the fluid based thereon.

本发明的目的之二是提供一类流量检测装置，当被测流体为前述各种工业过程中所常见的气液、气固、液液、固液两相流以及油气水三相流时，能够根据使用现场的性能及价格要求，从该类流量检测装置中选择有针对性的配置，从而适应不同的现场要求，经济、有效地实现多相流各相流量的在线不分离检测。 A second object of the present invention is to provide a flow detecting device. When the measured fluid is a gas-liquid, gas-solid, liquid-liquid, solid-liquid two-phase flow and a three-phase flow of oil and gas, which are common in various industrial processes mentioned above, According to the performance and price requirements of the use site, a targeted configuration can be selected from the flow detection devices to adapt to different site requirements, and the online non-separation detection of the flow of each phase of the multi-phase flow can be realized economically and effectively.

本发明的技术方案基于下述原理：对于自然界中任何物理量进行检测，在一段时间之内的检测结果实际上都包含两个部分，其中一个是均值量值，另一个是波动量值，通常检测结果应该是这两个量值的叠加结果。在极端的情况下，这两个量值之中只有一个有实际意义，例如在一段时间内对物体的重量连续进行多次检测，由于每次检测都会不可避免地存在少量误差，从而导致检测结果在某个均值量值附近呈现出一种近似随机的波动。但是该检测结果的波动量值可以忽略掉，只有均值量值有意义，因为波动量值主要是每次检测所引入的误差，没有意义。又例如对交流电的电压进行一段时间内的检测，检测结果的均值量值基本为零，没有意义，只有波动量值的频率和幅值才有意义。需要注意的是，这两个例子只是两种极端的情况，现实生活中对于大多数物理量来说，检测结果通常是介于上述两个极端的检测例子之间的，也就是说，检测结果中的均值量值和波动量值同时都具有实际意义，或者说，检测结果中的均值量值和波动量值同时都包含有用的信息。 The technical solution of the present invention is based on the following principle: For detecting any physical quantity in nature, the detection result within a period of time actually includes two parts, one of which is the mean value and the other is the fluctuation value, which is usually detected. The result should be the result of the superposition of these two magnitudes. In extreme cases, only one of the two magnitudes has practical significance. For example, the weight of an object is continuously detected multiple times over a period of time. Since each test will inevitably have a small amount of error, resulting in a test result. An approximately random fluctuation is presented near a certain mean value. However, the fluctuation value of the detection result can be ignored, and only the mean value is meaningful, because the fluctuation value is mainly the error introduced by each detection, and it is meaningless. For example, the voltage of the alternating current is detected for a period of time, and the mean value of the detection result is substantially zero, meaningless, and only the frequency and amplitude of the fluctuation value are meaningful. It should be noted that these two examples are only two extreme cases. In most real life, for most physical quantities, the test results are usually between the above two extreme detection examples, that is, in the test results. Both the mean value and the fluctuation value have practical meaning, or Both the mean magnitude and the volatility value in the results contain useful information at the same time.

下面以节流差压为例来进行具体分析。假设在一段时间内，在节流装置上的两个检测点处所检测得到的压力分别为 Pl (t)和 P2 (t)，这两点之间的节流差压为 Y (t)。根据上一段的分析，每个检测点的压力以及节流差压都是由均值量值和波动量值两个部分的叠加，即有： The following is a specific analysis by taking the throttling differential pressure as an example. It is assumed that the pressures detected at the two detection points on the throttling device are Pl (t) and P2 (t), respectively, and the throttling differential pressure between the two points is Y (t). According to the analysis in the previous paragraph, the pressure of each test point and the differential pressure of the flow are superimposed by the two parts of the mean value and the fluctuation value, namely:

Pl (t) = PA1 + PDl (t) ; (1) P2 (t) = PA2 + PD2 (t)； (2) Y (t) = YA + YD (t) ; (3) 上式中 PA1和 PA2分别为两个检测点处压力的均值量值，由于它们都是在一段时间内的平均值，因而在这段时间内是不随时间变化的量值；而 PDl (t)和 PD2 (t)分别为两个检测点处压力的波动量值，它们都是随时间变化的量值，并且它们在这段时间内的平均值都为零； YA 为节流差压的均值量值，由于它也是在这段时间内的平均值，因而在这段时间内是不随时间变化的量值； YD (t)为节流差压的波动量值，它是随时间变化的量值，并且它在这段时间内的平均值也为零。 Pl (t) = PA1 + PDl (t) ; (1) P2 (t) = PA2 + PD2 (t); (2) Y (t) = YA + YD (t) ; (3) PA1 and PA2 is the mean value of the pressure at the two detection points, respectively, since they are average values over a period of time, and therefore are not a time-varying magnitude during this period; and PDl (t) and PD2 (t) The values of the fluctuations of the pressure at the two detection points, respectively, are the magnitudes that change with time, and their average values during this time are all zero; YA is the mean value of the differential pressure of the throttling, due to it It is also the average value during this time, so it is the value that does not change with time during this time; YD (t) is the fluctuation value of the throttling differential pressure, it is the magnitude that changes with time, and it is The average value during this time is also zero.

另一方面，由于节流差压 Y (t)根据定义应该是两个检测点处的压力的差值，亦即： On the other hand, since the throttling differential pressure Y (t) is defined by the difference between the pressures at the two detection points, namely:

Y(t) = Pl (t) - P2 (t) ; (4) 将式（1)、式 (2)代入式 (4)可得： Y(t) = Pl (t) - P2 (t) ; (4) Substituting equations (1) and (2) into equation (4):

Y (t) = ( PA1 + PD1 (t) ) - ( PA2 + PD2 (t) ) Y (t) = ( PA1 + PD1 (t) ) - ( PA2 + PD2 (t) )

= ( PA1 - PA2 ) + ( PD1 (t) - PD2 (t) )； (5) 由于 PD1和 PD2的平均值都为零，比较式 (3)与式 (5)可得， = ( PA1 - PA2 ) + ( PD1 (t) - PD2 (t) ); (5) Since the average values of PD1 and PD2 are both zero, the comparison equations (3) and (5) are available.

YA = PA1 - PA2; (6) YD (t) = PD1 (t) - PD2 (t)； (7) 由式 (6)可知，节流差压均值量值等于两个检测点处压力的均值量值之差。由式 (7)可知，节流差压波动量值等于两个检测点处压力的波动量值之差。据此可知，采用动态压力传感器来检测节流差压波动量值是可行的，原因如下： ' YA = PA1 - PA2; (6) YD (t) = PD1 (t) - PD2 (t); (7) From equation (6), the mean value of the throttle differential pressure is equal to the mean of the pressure at the two detection points. The difference between the magnitudes. It can be known from equation (7) that the throttle differential pressure fluctuation amount is equal to the difference between the fluctuation magnitudes of the pressures at the two detection points. According to this, it is feasible to use dynamic pressure sensor to detect the value of the differential pressure fluctuation of the throttling. The reasons are as follows:

动态压力传感器是为精确有效地检测压力的波动情况而设计的，因而难以准确有效地检测压力的稳态数值。其特点是对压力的波动量值十分敏感，而对压力的均值量值不敏感。换句话说，动态压力传感器是靠牺牲对压力均值量值的检测效果，而换得了对压力波动量值的更好的检测效果。目前常用的动态压力传感器主要是基于晶体压电原理、陶瓷压电原理、线圈加永久磁铁原理或者光纤测量原理的动态压力传感器。当采用两个动态压力传感器进行压力 Pl (t)、 P2 (t)的检测时，通常压力均值量值 PA1、 PA2都得不到有效的检测，而压力波动量值 PDl (t)、 PD2 (t)却能得到十分精确快速的检测。这样，根据式 (6)可知，差压均值量值 YA将得不到有效的检测，从而无法根据伯努利方程来准确计算流量的大小。而根据式 (7)可知，差压波动量值 YD (t)仍然可以得到精确的检测，并且不会受到差压均值量值 YA检测不准确的影响。这一特点对基于差压波动量值 YD (t)的流量检测方法来说是十分有利的。 Dynamic pressure sensors are designed to accurately and efficiently detect fluctuations in pressure, making it difficult to accurately and efficiently detect steady-state values of pressure. It is characterized by a sensitivity to the magnitude of the pressure fluctuations and is not sensitive to the mean value of the pressure. In other words, the dynamic pressure sensor is based on the detection of the pressure mean value, and the better detection of the pressure fluctuation value. The currently used dynamic pressure sensors are mainly dynamic pressure sensors based on the principle of crystal piezoelectric, ceramic piezoelectric principle, coil plus permanent magnet principle or optical fiber measurement principle. When two dynamic pressure sensors are used to detect the pressures P1 (t) and P2 (t), the normal pressure average values PA1 and PA2 are not effectively detected, and the pressure fluctuation values PD1 (t), PD2 ( t) can get very accurate and fast detection. Thus, according to equation (6), the differential pressure mean value YA will not be effectively detected, so that the flow rate cannot be accurately calculated according to the Bernoulli equation. According to equation (7), the differential pressure fluctuation value YD (t) can still be accurately detected and is not affected by the differential pressure mean value YA detection. This feature is very advantageous for the flow detection method based on the differential pressure fluctuation value YD (t).

基于上述分析，本发明的技术构思如下：首先，提出了流体流动的流量信息不仅仅存在于节流差压的均值量值之中，而且同样存在于节流差压的波动量值之中，对节流差压均值量值不予检测，仅仅检测节流差压波动量值同样可以实现流量检测的目标。其次，指出了在总流速相同的情况下，由于不同组分之间密度、黏度等方面的差异，导致多相流体所形成的节流差压波动量值往往比单相流体所形成的节流差压波动量值大很多，因而上述的以节流差压波动量值为依据的流量检测方法用于检测多相流时具有更大的优势和潜力。第三，采用两个动态压力传感器进行节流差压波动量值的检测，这种检测方法的基本思路是：通过牺牲对于节流差压均值量值的检测效果，来提高对于节流差压波动量值的检测效果。这种检测方法所得到的结果比传统的差压传感器更准确、带宽更大，并且彻底消除了引压管线可能导致的各种故障。第四，在上述基础上，针对被检测流体的各相组分的物理性质的主要差异之处，从基于不同工作原理的各种相分率检测器中做出有针对性的选择，并且将这样选择得到的相分率检测器集中布置在节流装置上流体流动通道的横截面积最小的部位附近，使得流动通道中的每一段流体在流经布置了相分率检测器的部位时，能在同一时刻得到多数相分率检测器的检测，或者使得流动通道中的每一段流体在流经布置了相分率检测器的部位时，能在最短的时间内依次得到多数相分率检测器的检测，这样可以进一步提高所述流量检测装置用于两相流检测时的准确度和可靠性，并且可以对三相流实现在线不分离流量检测。 Based on the above analysis, the technical idea of the present invention is as follows: First, it is proposed that the flow rate information of the fluid flow is not only present in the mean value of the throttle differential pressure, but also exists in the fluctuation amount of the throttle differential pressure. The mean value of the throttling differential pressure is not detected, and only the detection of the throttling differential pressure fluctuation value can also achieve the goal of flow detection. Secondly, it is pointed out that in the case of the same total flow rate, due to the difference in density and viscosity between different components, the value of the differential pressure fluctuation caused by the multiphase fluid tends to be larger than that of the single-phase fluid. The magnitude of the differential pressure fluctuation is much larger. Therefore, the above-described flow detection method based on the value of the differential pressure fluctuation is more advantageous and potential for detecting multiphase flow. Third, two dynamic pressure sensors are used to detect the value of the throttling differential pressure fluctuation. The basic idea of this detection method is to improve the differential pressure for throttling by sacrificing the detection effect of the mean value of the throttling differential pressure. The detection effect of the fluctuation amount. This method of detection The results obtained are more accurate and bandwidth-intensive than conventional differential pressure sensors, and completely eliminate the various failures that may be caused by the impulse line. Fourth, on the basis of the above, for the main differences in the physical properties of the phase components of the fluid to be tested, a targeted selection is made from various phase fraction detectors based on different operating principles, and The phase fraction detector thus selected is disposed in the vicinity of the portion of the throttle device where the cross-sectional area of the fluid flow channel is the smallest, such that each segment of the flow channel flows through the portion where the phase fraction detector is disposed. The detection of the majority phase fraction detector can be obtained at the same time, or each phase of the fluid in the flow channel can be sequentially obtained in the shortest time to obtain the majority phase fraction detection when flowing through the portion where the phase fraction detector is disposed. The detection of the device can further improve the accuracy and reliability of the flow detecting device for the two-phase flow detection, and can realize the online non-separating flow detection for the three-phase flow.

以下是根据上述技术构思而形成的本发明的基本技术方案： The following is the basic technical solution of the present invention formed according to the above technical concept:

所述流量检测装置由一段内部有流体流动的密闭通道构成检测通道，在该检测通道上布置 1个传感器组合，该传感器组合至少由 2个传感器组成，将该传感器组合中至少 2个传感器的输出信号引入 1个电子装置中，由该电子装置来实现流体流量的求取，所述流量检测装置的特征是：所述传感器组合中至少包含 2个动态压力传感器，这种动态压力传感器是为精确有效地检测压力的波动情况而设计的，因而难以准确有效地检测压力的稳态数值；至少有 2个动态压力传感器是沿着流体流动方向间隔一段距离而布置的；在沿着流体流动方向间隔一段距离而布置的 2个动态压力传感器之间，检测通道的横截面积存在变化，流体的流速也因此而发生了相应的改变。 The flow detecting device is constituted by a closed passage having a fluid flow inside, and a detecting channel is arranged on the detecting channel, and the sensor combination is composed of at least two sensors, and the output of at least two sensors in the sensor combination is The signal is introduced into an electronic device, and the fluid flow is obtained by the electronic device. The flow detecting device is characterized in that: the sensor combination includes at least two dynamic pressure sensors, and the dynamic pressure sensor is accurate. Designed to effectively detect fluctuations in pressure, it is difficult to accurately and efficiently detect steady-state values of pressure; at least two dynamic pressure sensors are arranged at a distance along the direction of fluid flow; Between the two dynamic pressure sensors arranged at a distance, the cross-sectional area of the detection channel changes, and the flow velocity of the fluid changes accordingly.

本发明的第一种改进，是在上述基本技术方案所述流量检测装置上增加 1个相分率检测器，该相分率检测器可以是以下 8种相分率检测器之中的任意一种：超声波检测器、电容检测器、电阻抗检测器、微波检测器、红外检测器、激光检测器、 X射线检测器、伽玛射线检测器。并且该相分率检测器布置在节流装置上流体流动通道的横截面积最小的部位附近。 A first improvement of the present invention is to add a phase fraction detector to the flow rate detecting device of the above basic technical solution, and the phase fraction detector may be any one of the following eight phase fraction detectors. Species: Ultrasonic detector, capacitance detector, electrical impedance detector, microwave detector, infrared detector, laser detector, X-ray detector, gamma ray detector. And the phase fraction detector is disposed near a portion of the throttle device where the cross-sectional area of the fluid flow path is the smallest.

本发明的第二种改进，是在上述基本技术方案所述流量检测装置上增加至少 2个相分率检测器，这些相分率检测器可以从下述 8种相分率检测器所组成的检测器组中任意选用：超声波检测器、电容检测器、电阻抗检测器、微波检测器、红外检测器、激光检测器、 X射线检测器、伽玛射线检测器；所选用的检测器具有相同的或者不同的工作原理，并且具有相同的或者不同的工作波长；所选用的相分率检测器集中布置在节流装置上流体流动通道的横截面积最小的部位附近；在所述相分率检测器不会相互干扰以及空间位置允许的前提条件下，尽可能使至少 2个相分率检测器的有效检测区域的中心线在检测通道的中心相交于一点，并且尽量减小这两个中心线之间的夹角，使 2个相分率检测器的有效检测区域相互重叠覆盖，使得检测通道中的每一段流体在流经该部位时，能在同一时刻得到这些相分率检测器的检测；或者，在所述相分率检测器不会相互干扰以及空间位置允许的前提条件下，尽可能使至少 2 个所选用相分率检测器的有效检测区域沿着流体的流动方向紧密相邻地并列平行布置在同一个轴向截面内，并且尽量减小这两个有效检测区域的中心线之间的间距，使得检测通道中的每一段流体在流经该部位时，能在最短的时间内依次得到这些相分率检测器的检测。 A second improvement of the present invention is to add at least two phase fraction detectors to the flow rate detecting device of the above basic technical solution, and the phase fraction detectors can be composed of the following eight phase fraction detectors. Any of the detector groups: ultrasonic detector, capacitance detector, electrical impedance detector, microwave detector, infrared detector, laser detector, X-ray detector, gamma ray detector; selected detectors have the same Or different operating principles, and having the same or different operating wavelengths; the selected phase fraction detectors are arranged centrally near the portion of the throttling device where the cross-sectional area of the fluid flow path is the smallest; at the phase separation rate Under the premise that the detectors do not interfere with each other and the spatial position allows, the center line of the effective detection area of at least 2 phase fraction detectors should be intersected at the center of the detection channel as much as possible, and the two centers should be minimized. The angle between the lines, so that the effective detection areas of the two phase fraction detectors overlap each other, so that each of the detection channels When the segment fluid flows through the portion, the detection of the phase fraction detectors can be obtained at the same time; or, at least under the premise that the phase fraction detectors do not interfere with each other and the spatial position permits, at least The effective detection areas of the two selected phase fraction detectors are arranged in parallel in the same axial section along the flow direction of the fluid, and are minimized between the center lines of the two effective detection areas. The spacing enables each phase of the detection channel to be sequentially detected by the phase fraction detectors in the shortest amount of time as it flows through the portion.

本发明的第三种改进，是在上述基本技术方案所述流量检测装置的节流装置上再增加 1 个差压传感器，并且该差压传感器所连接的两个取压孔分别布置在安装有动态压力传感器的横截面内。 A third improvement of the present invention is to add a differential pressure sensor to the throttle device of the flow detecting device according to the above basic technical solution, and the two pressure tapping holes connected to the differential pressure sensor are respectively arranged to be installed The cross section of the dynamic pressure sensor.

本发明的技术方案中所述的电子装置可以是模拟电路装置，也可以是数字电路装置，其功能是接收动态压力传感器和相分率检测器的输出信号，并且进行相应的处理，最终形成单相流的流量结果或者多相流中各相流量的结果。目前各种流量计中用于计算和输出流量结果的电路装置均可以用来实现这一功能，比如各种流量计算机、微处理器电路以及硬件可编程逻辑电路等等。如果选用数字电路，那么通常包括模数转换电路、数据处理电路、输出信号接口以及必要的显示装置等。 The electronic device described in the technical solution of the present invention may be an analog circuit device or a digital circuit device, and its function is to receive an output signal of a dynamic pressure sensor and a phase difference detector, and perform corresponding processing to form a single The result of the flow of the phase flow or the result of the flow of each phase in the multiphase flow. Circuitry for calculating and outputting flow results in various flow meters can be used to implement this function, such as various flow computers, microprocessor circuits, and hardware programmable logic circuits. If a digital circuit is selected, it usually includes an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, a data processing circuit, and an output signal. Interface and necessary display devices.

本发明提出了一种新颖的基于节流装置的流量检测装置，由于传统节流差压式流量计量程范围窄的根源是随着流体流量的增大节流差压的稳态量值增长很快，两者为平方关系；而节流差压的波动量值的幅值增长缓慢，频率增长较快，因此，本发明采用动态压力传感器取代原有的差压传感器后，动态压力传感器目前高达几十万赫兹的频率响应就使得本发明所述流量检测装置的量程范围能够很轻松地得到大幅度的扩大。同时，由于消除了原有的引压管线，该流量检测装置保持了传统的节流差压式流量计结构简单牢固、性能稳定可靠、使用寿命较长的优点，同时克服了传统节流差压式流量计范围度窄、引压管线易出故障等缺点，还可以取消某些情况下所必须的防冻式隔离器以及冷凝器等。 The invention proposes a novel flow detecting device based on the throttling device. The root of the narrow range of the traditional throttling differential flowmeter is that the steady-state value of the throttling differential pressure increases with the increase of the fluid flow rate. Fast, the two are squared; while the magnitude of the fluctuation of the throttling differential pressure increases slowly and the frequency increases rapidly. Therefore, after the dynamic pressure sensor is used in place of the original differential pressure sensor, the dynamic pressure sensor is currently up to The frequency response of several hundred thousand hertz makes the range of the flow detecting device of the present invention easily and greatly expanded. At the same time, the flow detection device maintains the advantages of simple and firm structure, stable and reliable performance, long service life, and overcomes the traditional throttling differential pressure, because the original pressure-inducing pipeline is eliminated. The narrow range of the flowmeter and the trouble of the impulse piping are easy to eliminate, and the antifreeze isolators and condensers that are necessary in some cases can be eliminated.

同时，当被测流体为前述各种工业过程中所常见的气液、气固、固液两相流时，由于该流量检测装置放弃了传统的节流差压式流量计从节流差压均值量值中挖掘流量信息的思路，转而从节流差压波动量值中挖掘流量信息，并且由于与节流差压均值量值中所包含的流量信息相比，节流差压波动量值中所包含的流量信息更为可靠和丰富，因而能够实现两相流各相流量的可靠、经济的在线不分离检测。 At the same time, when the measured fluid is a gas-liquid, gas-solid, solid-liquid two-phase flow which is common in various industrial processes mentioned above, the flow detecting device abandons the conventional throttle differential pressure flowmeter from the throttling differential pressure The idea of mining flow information in the mean value, and then mining the flow information from the throttling differential pressure fluctuation value, and the throttle differential pressure fluctuation amount compared with the flow information included in the throttle differential pressure mean value The flow information contained in the values is more reliable and rich, so that reliable and economical online non-separation detection of the flow of each phase of the two-phase flow can be realized.

另外，由于该流量检测装置所使用的流量信息挖掘方法将流量计算问题转化为一个目标函数的极值求取问题，当需要进一步提高两相流流量的检测效果时，或者需要检测某些三相流、如油气水三相流时，就可以针对被检测流体中各个组分的主要物理性质差别，选择相应的相分率检测器，并加装在该流量检测装置上，然后再于目标函数中加入与新增相分率检测器相对应的项。经过这样改进之后，不但所述检测装置对于两相流流量的检测效果可以得到进一步的提高，而且还可以实现油气水三相流的在线不分离检测。 In addition, since the flow information mining method used by the flow detecting device converts the flow calculation problem into an extremum problem of the objective function, when it is necessary to further improve the detection effect of the two-phase flow rate, or need to detect some three-phase When a flow, such as a three-phase flow of oil and gas, can select the corresponding phase fraction detector for the main physical property difference of each component in the fluid to be detected, and install it on the flow detecting device, and then the objective function Add the item corresponding to the new phase fraction detector. After such improvement, not only the detection device can further improve the detection effect of the two-phase flow, but also can realize the online non-separation detection of the oil-gas-water three-phase flow.

附图说明 DRAWINGS

下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。 The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

图 1是本发明的实施方式 1的结构示意图； 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

图 2是本发明的实施方式 2的结构示意图； Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

图 3是本发明的实施方式 2的一个横断面剖视图，该横断面是沿图 2所示 A-A剖线所取；图 4是本发明的实施方式 3的结构示意图；， Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 2; Figure 4 is a schematic view of the structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

图 5是本发明的实施方式 4的结构示意图； Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

图 6是本发明的实施方式 4的一个横断面剖视图，该横断面是沿图 5所示 B-B剖线所取；图 7是本发明的实施方式 5的结构示意图； Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention taken along line B-B of Figure 5; Figure 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the fifth embodiment of the present invention;

图 8是本发明的实施方式 6的结构示意图； Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 6 of the present invention;

图 9是本发明的实施方式 6的一个横断面剖视图，该横断面是沿图 8所示 C-C剖线所取；图 10是本发明的实施方式 7的结构示意图； Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 8 of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 7 of the present invention;

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面结合附图给出 7个非限定性实施方式，并做出进一步的详细说明。 Seven non-limiting embodiments are given below in conjunction with the drawings and further detailed descriptions are provided.

图 1是本发明的实施方式 1的结构示意图，图中 1为流体入口端， 7为流体出口端，检测通道依次由前直管段 2、孔板 16和后直管段 6构成。两个压电式动态压力传感器 8、 9沿着流动方向间隔一段距离，分别布置在前直管段 2和后直管段 6，其压力敏感端面与流体流动通道的内表面尽量齐平，以避免干扰流体流动。压电式动态压力传感器 8、 9通过电缆连接至电子装置 36，该电子装置为动态压力传感器 8、 9提供工作电源并对两个电压输出信号进行釆集保存，然后再对这两个电压输出信号进行滤波处理并进行比较，得到节流差压的波动量值，最后将此波动量值作为求取流体流量的依据。实施方式 1的这种配置可以用于各种单相流体的流量检测，此检测的过程为：第一步进行所述流量检测装置的标定实验，在其量程范围内选定几个流量数值进行实流标定，在每一个流量工况下，对两个动态压力传感器的输出信号分别进行 10秒钟的连续记录。第二步进行标定计算工作，先计算每一个流量工况下两个信号记录的差值，再计算并存储该差值的谱密度数值。由于谱密度随着流量的增大呈现单调增大的趋势，因而可以通过非线性插值得到两者之间的关系。第三步是进行现场流量检测。这时只须将现场在线求得的谱密度与标定过程中所得到的关系直接比较，即可求得流量的最终结果。 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a first embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 is a fluid inlet end and 7 is a fluid outlet end, and the detection passage is composed of a front straight pipe section 2, an orifice plate 16 and a rear straight pipe section 6 in this order. The two piezoelectric dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9 are spaced apart along the flow direction, and are respectively disposed in the front straight pipe section 2 and the rear straight pipe section 6, and the pressure sensitive end faces are flush with the inner surface of the fluid flow passage as much as possible to avoid interference. Fluid flow. The piezoelectric dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9 are connected by cables to an electronic device 36, which supplies operating power to the dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9 and stores the two voltage output signals, and then outputs the two voltages. The signal is filtered and compared to obtain the fluctuation value of the throttling differential pressure. Finally, the fluctuation value is used as the basis for obtaining the fluid flow. The configuration of Embodiment 1 can be used for flow detection of various single-phase fluids. The detection process is as follows: In the first step, the calibration test of the flow detection device is performed, and several flow values are selected within the range of the range. The real-flow calibration, in each flow condition, the output signals of the two dynamic pressure sensors are continuously recorded for 10 seconds. The second step is to perform the calibration calculation work. First, calculate the difference between the two signal records under each flow condition, and then calculate and store the spectral density value of the difference. Since the spectral density tends to increase monotonically with the increase of the flow rate, the relationship between the two can be obtained by nonlinear interpolation. The third step is to conduct on-site flow detection. At this time, it is only necessary to directly compare the spectral density obtained on-line with the relationship obtained in the calibration process, and the final result of the flow can be obtained.

实施方式 1这种配置还可以检测各种气液两相流，如：凝析气流、易于液化的气体流、易于汽化的液体流等。下面以带水水蒸汽的流量和干度的检测为例来进行具体说明。水蒸汽作为一种热源，在现代工业中应用十分广泛，其干度是一项涉及安全生产和各种工艺效果的重要指标。比如，通过向油层中注入高温蒸汽的热力采油技术已有几十年的历史，其所使用的高温蒸汽的干度值的检测十分重要，直接影响原油产量、能源消耗、运营成本和注汽锅炉的安全运行。因此，经济有效地对水蒸汽进行流量和干度的同时检测具有非常重要的意义。但是至今为止这一检测基本都是由人工实现，精度差效率低，急需自动检测装置。实施方式 Embodiment 1 This configuration can also detect various gas-liquid two-phase flows, such as: condensate gas flow, gas flow that is easy to liquefy, liquid flow that is easy to vaporize, and the like. The following is an example of the detection of the flow rate and dryness of the water vapor with water as an example. As a heat source, water vapor is widely used in modern industry. Its dryness is an important indicator for safety production and various process effects. For example, the thermal oil recovery technology that injects high-temperature steam into the oil layer has been in existence for decades, and the detection of the dryness value of the high-temperature steam used is very important, directly affecting crude oil production, energy consumption, operating costs, and steam injection boilers. Safe to run. Therefore, it is very important to economically and efficiently detect the simultaneous flow and dryness of water vapor. However, until now, this test has been basically implemented manually, with low precision and low efficiency, and an automatic detection device is urgently needed. Implementation

1这种配置用于检测带水水蒸汽的过程如下： 1 This configuration is used to detect water vapor with water as follows:

第一步，定义多相流的代表性参数。对于带水水蒸汽来说有以下两个参数：总体积流量 The first step is to define the representative parameters of the multiphase flow. For water vapor, there are two parameters: Total volume flow

Q和体积含气率 G。在总体积流量 Q的量程范围内选定多个不同 Q和 G的组合工况进行所述流量检测装置的实流标定实验，在每一个组合工况下，对两个动态压力传感器 8、 9的输出信号 Sl、 S2这两个数字量分别进行 10秒钟的连续采集和记录存盘；第二步，用 MATLAB软件包中的 firl函数设计三个频带分别为 10Hz至 100Hz、 100Hz至 1000Hz、 1000Hz至 10000Hz的带通滤波器 FA、 FB、 FC; 第三步，先用 MATLAB软件包中的 filter函数对两个动态压力传感器输出信号 Sl、 S2进行适当的滤波，此滤波的目的是消除 50Hz工频以及其它一些频率点上的干扰信号，然后计算每一个组合工况下两个动态压力传感器输出信号记录的差值 D=S2-S1，再分别使用第二步中所设计的滤波器 FA、 FB、 FC对该差值 DS进行滤波计算得到三个滤波结果 DA、 DB、 DC, 最后用 MATLAB软件包中的 periodogram函数分别计算并存储三个滤波结果 DA、 DB、 DC的谱密度数值 PA、 PB、 PC。第四步进行函数插值，采用非线性插值方法求得 PA、 PB、 PC与总体积流量 Q和体积含气率 G之间的函数关系： PA=fl (Q, G)； PB=f2 (Q, G)、 PC=f3 (Q， G) _;这里我们选用 MATLAB软件包中的 interpn函数即可达到这一目的；第五步是进行现场流量检测。这时只须将现场按第二步至第三步实时求得的谱密度 RA、 RB、 RC带入以下目标函数：Q and volume gas content G. A plurality of different combinations of Q and G are selected within a range of the total volume flow rate Q to perform a real-flow calibration experiment of the flow detecting device. Under each combined operating condition, two dynamic pressure sensors 8 and 9 are The two digital outputs S1, S2 are successively collected and recorded for 10 seconds. The second step is to design three frequency bands of 10Hz to 100Hz, 100Hz to 1000Hz, 1000Hz using the firl function in the MATLAB software package. To the 10000Hz bandpass filter FA, FB, FC; The third step is to use the filter function in the MATLAB software package to properly filter the two dynamic pressure sensor output signals S1 and S2. The purpose of this filtering is to eliminate 50Hz. Frequency and other interference signals at some frequency points, then calculate the difference D=S2-S1 recorded by the output signals of the two dynamic pressure sensors under each combined condition, and then use the filter FA designed in the second step, FB and FC filter the difference DS to obtain three filtering results DA, DB, DC. Finally, three kinds of filtering results DA, DB, DC are calculated and stored by the periodogram function in the MATLAB software package. Spectral density values PA, PB, PC. The fourth step is to perform function interpolation. The nonlinear interpolation method is used to obtain the relationship between PA, PB, PC and total volume flow rate Q and volume gas content G: PA=fl (Q, G); PB=f2 (Q , G), PC=f3 (Q, G) _; here we use the interpn function in the MATLAB software package to achieve this goal; the fifth step is to conduct on-site flow detection. At this time, it is only necessary to bring the spectral density RA, RB, RC obtained in real time from the second step to the third step into the following objective function:

M = (fl (Q, G) /RA— l) ² + (f2 (Q, G) /RB— l) ² + (f3 (Q, G) /RC - if; (8) 然后再对目标函数 M进行最小化寻优计算即可求得总体积流量 Q和体积含气率 G的最终结果。至此，该检测问题已经转化为求解目标函数 M的极值的问题，而这一古老的数学问题目前已经有大量十分成熟的数学算法和软件程序包，可以方便地选用。这里我们选用 MATLAB 软件包中的 fminimax函数即可求得总体积流量 Q和体积含气率 G的最终结果。 M = (fl (Q, G) /RA— l) ² + (f2 (Q, G) /RB— l) ² + (f3 (Q, G) /RC - if; (8) Then the objective function M can minimize the optimization calculation to obtain the final result of the total volume flow rate Q and the volume gas content rate G. So far, the detection problem has been transformed into the problem of solving the extreme value of the objective function M, and this ancient mathematical problem At present, there are a large number of very mature mathematical algorithms and software packages, which can be conveniently selected. Here we use the fminimax function in the MATLAB software package to obtain the final result of the total volume flow rate Q and the volume gas content G.

图 2是本发明的实施方式 2的结构示意图，图中可见，检测通道由一个类似文丘里管的节流装置构成，该节流装置依次由前直管段 2、前变速管段 3、喉部 4和后变速管段 5构成， 1为流体入口端， 7为流体出口端，采用绝缘材料制造。该节流装置上流体流动通道的横截面积最小的部位为喉部 4。此节流装置上所配置的传感器还具有以下特点： Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. It can be seen that the detecting passage is constituted by a throttling device similar to a venturi, and the throttling device is sequentially composed of a front straight pipe section 2, a front shifting pipe section 3, and a throat 4 And the rear shifting tube segment 5, 1 is a fluid inlet end, 7 is a fluid outlet end, and is made of an insulating material. The portion of the throttle device where the cross-sectional area of the fluid flow passage is the smallest is the throat 4. The sensors configured on this throttling device also have the following features:

首先，两个压电式动态压力传感器 8、 9沿着流动方向间隔一段距离，分别布置在前变速管段 3上游的前直管段 2和喉部 4，并且其压力敏感端面与流体流动通道的内表面尽量齐平，以避免干扰流体流动。压电式动态压力传感器 8、 9通过电缆连接至电子装置 36，该电子装置为动态压力传感器 8、 9提供工作电源并对两个电压输出信号进行采集保存，然后再对这两个电压输出信号进行滤波处理并进行比较，得到节流差压的波动量值，最后将此波动量值作为求取流体流量的依据。 First, the two piezoelectric dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9 are spaced apart along the flow direction, respectively disposed in the front straight pipe section 2 and the throat 4 upstream of the front shifting pipe section 3, and the pressure sensitive end face and the inside of the fluid flow path The surface should be as flat as possible to avoid disturbing fluid flow. The piezoelectric dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9 are connected to the electronic device 36 by a cable, the electronic device The dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9 are provided to provide working power and collect and save the two voltage output signals, and then the two voltage output signals are filtered and compared to obtain the fluctuation value of the throttle differential pressure, and finally This fluctuation value is used as the basis for obtaining the fluid flow.

其次，在喉部 4的内表面附近增设了两个电容相分率检测器。由电极 23、 24所构成的一对电极和由电极 25、 26所构成的一对电极均嵌入喉部 4的内表面。两对电极布置在喉部 4的同一个横截面上，该横截面位于节流装置上流体流动通道的横截面积最小的部位附近，并且每一对电极均对称布置在流体流动通道的轴心线两侧，两对电极的两条中心连线垂直相交于一点。电极嵌入喉部 4的内表面后，在电极接触流体的表面上增设绝缘层，并且尽量保证喉部 4的内表面在嵌入四个电极后仍然保持嵌入电极前的形状，而不会影响流体经过喉部 4的流动。四个电极通过电缆连接至电子装置 36, 在该电子装置内部，这两对电极分别连接至两个 ANALOG DEVICES公司的 AD7745芯片，该芯片为专用的电容 -数字量转换芯片，只需为该芯片提供 5V电源，即可将连接在其两个管脚的电极之间的电容值直接转换为数字量，并将该数字量通过 I2C接口提供给电子装置内部的数据处理电路，以便对该数字量进行采集保存和计算处理。 Secondly, two capacitive phase fraction detectors are added near the inner surface of the throat 4. A pair of electrodes composed of the electrodes 23, 24 and a pair of electrodes composed of the electrodes 25, 26 are embedded in the inner surface of the throat 4. Two pairs of electrodes are disposed on the same cross section of the throat 4, the cross section being located near the portion of the throttle device where the cross sectional area of the fluid flow passage is the smallest, and each pair of electrodes is symmetrically arranged at the axis of the fluid flow passage On both sides of the line, the two center lines of the two pairs of electrodes intersect perpendicularly at one point. After the electrode is embedded in the inner surface of the throat 4, an insulating layer is added on the surface of the electrode contacting the fluid, and the inner surface of the throat 4 is kept as long as it remains embedded in the shape of the electrode after embedding the four electrodes without affecting the fluid passing through. The flow of the throat 4. The four electrodes are connected to the electronic device 36 by a cable. Inside the electronic device, the two pairs of electrodes are respectively connected to two AD7745 chips of the ANALOG DEVICES company, which is a dedicated capacitor-digital conversion chip, only for the chip Providing a 5V power supply, the capacitance value connected between the electrodes of the two pins can be directly converted into a digital quantity, and the digital quantity is supplied to the data processing circuit inside the electronic device through the I2C interface, so as to Collect and save and calculate processing.

电容相分率检测器是利用物质的介电常数差异来进行检测的。通过电极在多相流体的管道两侧导入 30KHz至 300MHz的高频激励电压，来检测电极之间电容的大小，而该电容的大小又完全取决于电极之间流体的介电常数，当多相流体中各相组分的介电常数差别较大时，据此就可以得到相分率的相应信息。本实施方式中高频激励电压的频率选为 30KHz。 Capacitive phase fraction detectors are detected using the difference in dielectric constant of a substance. The high-frequency excitation voltage of 30KHz to 300MHz is introduced through the electrodes on both sides of the pipeline of the multi-phase fluid to detect the capacitance between the electrodes, and the size of the capacitor is completely dependent on the dielectric constant of the fluid between the electrodes, when multi-phase When the difference in dielectric constant of each phase component in the fluid is large, corresponding information on the phase fraction can be obtained. In the present embodiment, the frequency of the high frequency excitation voltage is selected to be 30 kHz.

图 3是本发明的实施方式 2的一个横断面剖视图，该横断面是沿图 2所示 A- A剖线所取；图中可以清楚地看到电极对 23、 24和电极对 25、 26的相对位置。 Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line A-A of Figure 2, of the second embodiment of the present invention; the electrode pairs 23, 24 and electrode pairs 25, 26 can be clearly seen in the figure. Relative position.

第三，在喉部 4的内表面附近增设了两个超声波换能器 11、 12，两者正好位于斜穿喉部 4的一条直线上，该直线位于电极 23、 24所在的流体流动通道轴向截面内，并且该直线穿过前述两对电极的两条中心连线的交点。两个超声波换能器 11、 12的感应面相互平行并且遥相对应，以便超声波换能器 12能够有效地接收超声波换能器 11所发射的超声波。超声波换能器 11、 12也通过电缆连接至电子装置 36，该电子装置内部包含一个 Panametrics 公司的 5072PR超声波脉冲发射接收器，可以为超声波换能器 11提供 0-40V的脉冲激励电压使其发射频率为 2MHz的超声波脉冲，同时可以对超声波换能器 12所接收的超声波电压信号进行相应的放大处理。然后再将此信号输入电子装置 36中进行采集保存，并且通过与超声波换能器 11所发射的脉冲信号进行对比，得到超声波穿过多相流体后的强度变化结果以及超声波的飞行时间结果。 Thirdly, two ultrasonic transducers 11, 12 are added near the inner surface of the throat 4, which are located exactly on a line obliquely through the throat 4, which is located at the fluid flow channel axis where the electrodes 23, 24 are located. In the cross section, and the straight line passes through the intersection of the two center lines of the two pairs of electrodes. The sensing faces of the two ultrasonic transducers 11, 12 are parallel to each other and correspond to each other so that the ultrasonic transducer 12 can efficiently receive the ultrasonic waves emitted from the ultrasonic transducer 11. The ultrasonic transducers 11, 12 are also connected to the electronic device 36 by a cable. The electronic device includes a Panametrics 5072PR ultrasonic pulse transmitting receiver, which can provide a pulse excitation voltage of 0-40V for the ultrasonic transducer 11 to emit. The ultrasonic pulse having a frequency of 2 MHz can simultaneously perform corresponding amplification processing on the ultrasonic voltage signal received by the ultrasonic transducer 12. Then, the signal is input into the electronic device 36 for acquisition and storage, and compared with the pulse signal emitted by the ultrasonic transducer 11, the result of the intensity change of the ultrasonic wave after passing through the multiphase fluid and the flight time of the ultrasonic wave are obtained.

这里超声波换能器 11、 12都是基于超声波的相分率检测器的一部分。这种相分率检测器是利用超声波在物质中传播时的强度变化和速度差异来进行检测的。超声波在介质中的传播速度与介质的密度近似成正比，因此超声波在两个换能器之间的飞行时间与所穿过介质的密度有关。另外，超声波在穿透复杂的介质结构如气泡或者液块时，其强度会因反射和折射而显著减弱，减弱的程度与其所穿过的介质的颗粒度有关。根据这一性质可知，超声波在两个换能器之间的飞行时间和强度变化这两个变量与换能器之间流体介质的相分率直接有关，当被检测流体中各相组分的密度或者颗粒度差别较大时，对这两个变量进行检测就可以实现相分率的检测。 Here, the ultrasonic transducers 11, 12 are all part of a phase difference detector based on ultrasonic waves. This phase fraction detector is detected by the difference in intensity and speed when ultrasonic waves propagate through the material. The propagation velocity of the ultrasonic wave in the medium is approximately proportional to the density of the medium, so the flight time of the ultrasonic wave between the two transducers is related to the density of the medium passing through. In addition, when ultrasonic waves penetrate complex media structures such as bubbles or liquid blocks, their strength is significantly attenuated by reflection and refraction, and the degree of attenuation is related to the particle size of the medium through which they pass. According to this property, the two variables of the time-of-flight and intensity variation of the ultrasonic wave between the two transducers are directly related to the phase fraction of the fluid medium between the transducers, when the phase components of the fluid are detected. When the density or granularity is different, the detection of the two variables can achieve the detection of the phase fraction.

用于相分率检测时，当被检测的流体中包含气体时，超声波的工作频率选在 0. 5MHz至 5MHz之间，当被检测的流体中不包含气体时，超声波的工作频率选在 2. 0MHz至 20腿 z之间。其频率的具体选择需折中考虑以下几个因素：一是检测部位往往存在与相分率无关的低频流动噪声，选择较低的频率必须提高信号的功率才能得到满意的信噪比；二是每一次相分率检测必须等待上一次相分率检测所发射的超声波信号充分衰减，如果采用频率较低的超声波，由于其衰减比高频超声波慢的多，相分率检测的频率将难以提高；三是当流体中存在气体时频率高的信号衰减作用很强，接收的信号将因十分微弱而难以保证精度；四是通常相分率的大小主要取决于检测部位所存在的粗大混合结构，如尺寸较大的液块或者气泡，但是它们往往与一些直径很小的气泡或者液滴等细微混合结构并存，频率过高的信号由于对这些细微混合结构过于敏感，容易造成较大的相分率检测误差。 When used for phase fractionation detection, when the fluid to be detected contains gas, the operating frequency of the ultrasonic wave is selected between 0.5 MHz and 5 MHz. When the fluid to be detected does not contain gas, the operating frequency of the ultrasonic wave is selected to be 2 0MHz to 20 legs between z. The specific choice of frequency should be considered in consideration of the following factors: First, the detection part often has low-frequency flow noise that is independent of the phase separation rate. To select a lower frequency, the signal power must be increased to obtain a satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio. Each phase separation rate check The measurement must wait for the ultrasonic signal emitted by the last phase separation detection to be sufficiently attenuated. If the ultrasonic wave with lower frequency is used, the frequency of the phase separation detection will be difficult to increase because the attenuation is much slower than that of the high frequency ultrasonic wave. In the presence of gas, the signal with high frequency has a strong attenuation effect, and the received signal will be very weak and it is difficult to ensure accuracy. Fourth, the size of the usual phase separation rate mainly depends on the coarse mixed structure existing in the detection part, such as a large size. Liquid blocks or bubbles, but they tend to coexist with finely mixed structures such as small diameter bubbles or droplets. Signals with excessive frequency are too sensitive to these fine hybrid structures, which tends to cause large phase fraction detection errors.

图 2中可见，包含电极对 23、 24的电容相分率检测器与包含超声波换能器 11、 12的超声波相分率检测器布置在同一个轴向截面内，并且为了使这两个相分率检测器的有效检测区域尽可能相互重叠覆盖，在不会相互干扰以及空间位置允许的前提条件下，这两个相分率检测器的有效检测区域中心线在检测通道的中心相交于一点，并且这两个中心线之间的夹角已经被尽量减小。这样的结构设计使得流动通道中的每一段流体在流经这一部位时，能在同一时刻得到这两个相分率检测器的检测。 As can be seen in Figure 2, the capacitive phase fraction detector comprising the electrode pairs 23, 24 is arranged in the same axial section as the ultrasonic phase fraction detector comprising the ultrasonic transducers 11, 12, and in order to make the two phases The effective detection areas of the fraction detectors overlap as much as possible, and the center line of the effective detection area of the two phase fraction detectors intersects at the center of the detection channel under the premise that mutual interference and spatial position are allowed. And the angle between the two centerlines has been minimized. Such a structural design allows each of the fluids in the flow channel to be detected by the two phase fraction detectors at the same time as they flow through the portion.

实施方式 2这种配置可以用于多种三相流的流量检测。比如石油天然气行业普遍存在的油气水三相流。由于多数油气井的出产物往往会包含原油、天然气和矿化水这三种成分，因此，经济有效地对油气井出产物进行各相流量的在线不分离检测对于油藏管理、开采工艺优化以及生产过程监控等具有非常重要的意义。但是至今为止这一检测基本都是由分离器实现，精度差效率低，急需自动不需分离的检测装置。实施方式 2这种配置用于检测油气水三相流的过程如下： Embodiment 2 This configuration can be used for flow detection of a plurality of three-phase flows. For example, the three-phase flow of oil and gas, which is common in the oil and gas industry. Since the products of most oil and gas wells often contain three components of crude oil, natural gas and mineralized water, it is economically effective to conduct on-line non-separation detection of the flow of each phase of the oil and gas wells for reservoir management, mining process optimization and production. Process monitoring and so on are of great importance. However, until now, this detection has been basically realized by a separator, and the precision is inefficient, and there is an urgent need for a detection device that does not need to be separated automatically. Embodiment 2 This configuration is used to detect the three-phase flow of oil, gas and water as follows:

第一步，定义多相流的代表性参数。对于油气水三相流来说有以下三个参数：总体积流量^ 体积含气率 G和液相体积含水率 W。在总体积流量 Q的量程范围内选定多个不同 Q、 G 和 W的组合工况进行所述流量检测装置的实流标定实验，在每一个组合工况下，对两个动态压力传感器 8、 9的输出信号 Sl、 S2，两对电极之间的电容 Cl、 C2和超声波换能器 12的输出信号 U1共计五个数字量分别进行 10秒钟的连续采集和记录存盘；第二步，用 MATLAB软件包中的 fir 1函数设计三个频带分别为 10Hz至 100Hz、 100Hz至 1000Hz、 1000Hz至 10000Hz 的带通滤波器 FA、 FB、 FC; 第三步，先用 MATLAB软件包中的 filter函数对两个动态压力传感器输出信号 Sl、 S2进行适当的滤波，此滤波的目的是消除 50Hz工频以及其它一些频率点上的干扰信号，然后计算每一个组合工况下两个动态压力传感器输出信号记录的差值 D二 S2- Sl，再分别使用第二步中所设计的滤波器 FA、 FB、 FC对该差值 DS进行滤波计算得到三个滤波结果 DA、 DB、 DC, 最后用 MATLAB软件包中的 periodogram函数分别计算并存储三个滤波结果 DA、 DB、 DC的谱密度数值 PA、 PB、 PC。第四步计算每一个组合工况下电容 CI、 C2 检测结果的平均值 Pl、 P2和超声波换能器输出信号强度的平均值 P3。第五步进行函数插值，采用插值方法求得 PA、 PB、 PC、 Pl、 P2、 P3与总体积流量 Q、体积含气率 G和液相体积含水率 W之间的函数关系： PA=f 1 (Q, G， W) ; PB=f2 (Q, G， W)、 PC=f 3 (Q, G， W)、 Pl=gl (Q, G, W) 、 P2=g2 (Q, G, W)、 P3=g3 (Q, G， W)；这里我们选用 MATLAB软件包中的 interpn函数即可达到这一目的；第六步是进行现场流量检测。这时只须将在现场条件下按照第二步至第四步所求得的谱密度 RA、 RB、 RC；、电容平均值 Rl、 R2和超声波强度平均值 R3带入以下目标函数 M: The first step is to define the representative parameters of the multiphase flow. For the three-phase flow of oil and gas, there are three parameters: total volume flow ^ volume gas content G and liquid volume volume water content W. A plurality of different combinations of Q, G, and W are selected in a range of the total volume flow rate Q to perform a real-flow calibration experiment of the flow detecting device. Under each combined operating condition, two dynamic pressure sensors 8 are The output signals S1 and S2 of 9, the capacitances C1 and C2 between the two pairs of electrodes, and the output signal U1 of the ultrasonic transducer 12 total five digital quantities for 10 seconds of continuous acquisition and recording and storage; the second step, The bandpass filters FA, FB, and FC with frequency bands of 10 Hz to 100 Hz, 100 Hz to 1000 Hz, and 1000 Hz to 10000 Hz are designed by using the fir 1 function in the MATLAB software package. The third step is to use the filter function in the MATLAB software package. Appropriate filtering of the two dynamic pressure sensor output signals S1, S2, the purpose of this filtering is to eliminate the 50Hz power frequency and interference signals at other frequency points, and then calculate the two dynamic pressure sensor output signals under each combined condition Record the difference D two S2-S, and then use the filters FA, FB, FC designed in the second step to filter the difference DS to obtain three filter nodes. DA, DB, DC, finally use the periodogram function in the MATLAB software package to calculate and store the three spectral results DA, DB, DC spectral density values PA, PB, PC. The fourth step calculates the average value P1, P2 of the capacitance CI, C2 detection results and the average value P3 of the ultrasonic transducer output signal strength under each combined condition. In the fifth step, the function interpolation is performed, and the interpolation relationship is used to obtain the relationship between PA, PB, PC, Pl, P2, P3 and the total volume flow rate Q, the volume gas content G and the liquid volume volume water content W: PA=f 1 (Q, G, W) ; PB=f2 (Q, G, W), PC=f 3 (Q, G, W), Pl=gl (Q, G, W), P2=g2 (Q, G , W), P3 = g3 (Q, G, W); here we use the interpn function in the MATLAB software package to achieve this purpose; the sixth step is to conduct on-site flow detection. At this time, it is only necessary to bring the spectral density RA, RB, RC, the average value of the capacitance Rl, R2 and the average value of the ultrasonic intensity R3 obtained in the second step to the fourth step under the field conditions into the following objective function M:

M = (fl (Q, G, W) /RA - I) ² + (f2 (Q, G, W) /RB - I) ² + (f3 (Q, G, W) /RC― I) ² M = (fl (Q, G, W) /RA - I) ² + (f2 (Q, G, W) / RB - I) ² + (f3 (Q, G, W) / RC - I) ²

+ (gl (Q, G, W) /Rl — I) ² + (g2 (Q, G, W) /R2 - i + (g3 (Q, G, W) /R3 ― if; (9) 然后再对目标函数 M进行最小化寻优计算即可求得总体积流量 Q、体积含气率 G和液相体积含水率 W的最终结果。至此，该检测问题已经转化为求解目标函数 M的极值的问题，而这一古老的数学问题目前巳经有大量十分成熟的数学算法和软件程序包，可以方便地选用。这里我们选用 MATLAB软件包中的 fminimax函数即可求得总体积流量 Q、体积含气率 G和液相体积含水率 W的最终结果。 + (gl (Q, G, W) /Rl — I) ² + (g2 (Q, G, W) /R2 - i + (g3 (Q, G, W) /R3 ― if; (9) Then The final result of the total volume flow rate Q, the volume gas content rate G and the liquid phase volume moisture content W can be obtained by minimizing the optimization function of the objective function M. So far, the detection problem has been transformed into the extreme value of the objective function M. Problem, and This ancient mathematical problem is currently available in a large number of very mature mathematical algorithms and software packages that can be easily selected. Here we use the fminimax function in the MATLAB software package to obtain the final result of the total volume flow rate Q, the volumetric gas content rate G and the liquid phase volumetric moisture content W.

需要指出的是，对于其它由介电常数差别较大的成分所组成的多相流体，实施方式 2的这种配置也可以实现各相流量的在线不分离检测。并且，在精度等性能要求不是很高，或者价格的承受能力有限的情况下，实施方式 2还可以进一步简化，取消其技术方案中所采用的超声波相分率检测器和一个电容相分率检测器，只保留另一个电容相分率检测器，同样可以实现上述多相流的各相流量检测。检测过程中的区别只在于，目标函数 M中对应于被取消的相分率检测器的各项也被取消掉。 It should be noted that for other multiphase fluids composed of components having a large difference in dielectric constant, the configuration of Embodiment 2 can also realize on-line non-separation detection of the flow rates of the respective phases. Moreover, in the case where the performance requirements such as accuracy are not very high, or the price tolerance is limited, Embodiment 2 can be further simplified, and the ultrasonic phase fraction detector and the capacitive phase fraction detection used in the technical solution are cancelled. Only another capacitor phase fraction detector can be reserved, and the flow detection of each phase of the above multiphase flow can also be realized. The only difference in the detection process is that the items in the objective function M corresponding to the canceled phase fraction detector are also cancelled.

图 4是本发明的实施方式 3的结构示意图，图中可见，此实施方式与实施方式 2的部分结构是完全相同的，这部分完全相同的结构在此不再重述，下面详细说明这两个实施方式的不同之处： 4 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention. It can be seen that this embodiment is identical to the partial structure of Embodiment 2. This part of the same structure will not be repeated here, and the details are as follows. Differences in implementations:

首先，取消了实施方式 2中的超声波相分率检测器和电容相分率检测器，并且，节流装置可以不用绝缘材料制造。 First, the ultrasonic phase fraction detector and the capacitance phase fraction detector in Embodiment 2 are eliminated, and the throttle device can be manufactured without using an insulating material.

其次，喉部 4增设了两个红外线相分率检测器。红外线相分率检测器通常基于下述原理工作：当向物质上照射红外光时，被照物会根据其组成成分而吸收特定波长的光。以水为例，在红外波段的吸收带就有 1. 2微米、 1. 45微米、 1. 94微米、 2. 6微米和 6微米五个波长，水分子对于这些波长的红外辐射有明显吸收作用。这种吸收是通过水分子伸缩振动和变角振动的结合而引起的共振现象所产生。因此，一旦将这些光照射在含水的物质上，就会产生与含水量对应的光吸收。在水的红外吸收波长中，因用 1. 2微米的波长时水的吸收率小，故现在多采用 1. 45微米或 1. 94微米波长。在实际的检测过程中，一般流体的界面是不规则的,其反射率要发生变化，因而穿过流体后到达传感器的光能量也要发生变化。如果只采用水的吸收波长进行测定,上述的变化就形成了外部干扰，很难测量准确。为消除干扰，除使用被水分吸收的波长外，还要使用该波长附近不易被水分吸收的波长，作为比较波长。将这两种光投射到被测物上，并用传感器把穿过流体的光转换为电信号,求出各自的比率。由于外部干扰通常以同样的比例影响这两种光，所以对两种光的检测结果求取比例后，就能消除外部干扰的影响。以 1. 94微米为例，由于水对于其邻近的波长为 1. 81微米红外线几乎不吸收，该波长就可以作为理想的比较波长，用以消除外部干扰的影响。 Secondly, two infrared phase fraction detectors are added to the throat 4. The infrared phase fraction detector generally operates on the principle that when the infrared light is irradiated onto the substance, the object absorbs light of a specific wavelength according to its composition. Taking water as an example, the absorption band in the infrared band has 1.5 wavelengths of 1. 2 micrometers, 1. 45 micrometers, 1. 94 micrometers, 2. 6 micrometers, and 6 micrometers, and water molecules have obvious absorption for infrared radiation of these wavelengths. effect. This absorption is caused by a resonance phenomenon caused by a combination of stretching and angular vibration of water molecules. Therefore, once the light is irradiated onto the aqueous substance, light absorption corresponding to the water content is generated. In the infrared absorption wavelength of water, since the absorption rate of water is small at a wavelength of 1.2 μm, a wavelength of 1.45 μm or 1.94 μm is now used. In the actual detection process, the interface of the general fluid is irregular, and its reflectivity changes, so the light energy that reaches the sensor after passing through the fluid also changes. If only the absorption wavelength of water is used for measurement, the above changes form external disturbances, which are difficult to measure accurately. In order to eliminate interference, in addition to the wavelength absorbed by moisture, a wavelength near the wavelength that is not easily absorbed by moisture is used as a comparison wavelength. These two kinds of light are projected onto the object to be measured, and the light passing through the fluid is converted into an electrical signal by a sensor to determine the respective ratios. Since external interference usually affects the two kinds of light in the same proportion, the effect of external interference can be eliminated by calculating the ratio of the detection results of the two kinds of light. Taking 1.94 micron as an example, since water absorbs almost no near infrared light with a wavelength of 1.81 micrometers, this wavelength can be used as an ideal comparison wavelength to eliminate the influence of external interference.

图 4中可见，在不会相互干扰以及空间位置允许的前提条件下，这两个红外线相分率检测器的有效检测区域是沿着流体的流动方向紧密相邻地并列布置在同一个轴向截面内的，并且两个相分率检测器的有效检测区域中心线之间的间距已被尽可能减小。这样的结构设计使得流动通道中的每一段流体在流经这一部位时，能在最短的时间内依次得到这两个相分率检测器的检测。这两个红外线相分率检测器中，一对红外线发射管 17、 fell外线接收管 19的工作波长选为 1. 94微米，另一对红外线发射管 18、红外线接收管 20的工作波长选为 1. 81微米。如前所述，波长为 1. 94微米的红外线容易被水分吸收，而波长为 1. 81微米的红外线则作为对比波长使用。在红外线发射管 17、 18 的发射功率一定的情况下，求取红外线接收管 19、 20的输出信号之间的比值 P，该比值 P即为含水量的检测结果。与使用一对红外线发射管和接收管的方案相比，上述方案可以提高含水量检测的准确性。另外，喉部 4还需要增设红外吸收体作为内衬，用于消除红外反射波的影响。 As can be seen in Fig. 4, the effective detection regions of the two infrared phase fraction detectors are juxtaposed in the same axial direction in close proximity to each other along the flow direction of the fluid, without prejudging each other and allowing spatial position. Within the cross section, and the spacing between the centerlines of the effective detection areas of the two phase fraction detectors has been reduced as much as possible. Such a structural design enables each of the fluids in the flow channel to be sequentially detected by the two phase fraction detectors in the shortest time while flowing through the portion. In the two infrared phase fraction detectors, the operating wavelengths of the pair of infrared emitting tubes 17 and the fring outer line receiving tubes 19 are selected to be 1.94 μm, and the operating wavelengths of the other pair of the infrared emitting tubes 18 and the infrared receiving tubes 20 are selected as 1. 81 microns. As mentioned earlier, infrared light with a wavelength of 1.94 microns is easily absorbed by moisture, while infrared light with a wavelength of 1.81 microns is used as a contrast wavelength. When the transmission power of the infrared radiation tubes 17, 18 is constant, the ratio P between the output signals of the infrared receiving tubes 19, 20 is obtained, and the ratio P is the detection result of the water content. Compared with the scheme of using a pair of infrared transmitting tubes and receiving tubes, the above scheme can improve the accuracy of water content detection. In addition, the throat 4 also needs to be provided with an infrared absorber as an inner liner for eliminating the influence of infrared reflected waves.

实施方式 3的这种配置可以用于带水凝析气以及其他含有水分的两相流的流量和含水量检测。其检测过程与实施方式 2相似。 This configuration of Embodiment 3 can be used for flow and water content detection of water-containing condensate and other two-phase streams containing moisture. The detection process is similar to that of Embodiment 2.

图 5是本发明的实施方式 4的结构示意图，图中可见，此实施方式与实施方式 2的部分结构是完全相同的，这部分完全相同的结构在此不再重述，下面详细说明这两个实施方式的不同之处： Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 4 of the present invention, and it can be seen that the embodiment and the part of Embodiment 2 are The structure is identical, and the completely identical structure will not be repeated here. The differences between the two embodiments are described in detail below:

首先，节流装置可以不用绝缘材料制造，喉部 4的内表面附近的超声波换能器 11、 12改变了空间位置，并且又增设了一个超声波换能器 13，该超声波换能器与超声波换能器 11通过管壁直接耦合，或者通过其他耦合材料直接耦合，以便对来自超声波换能器 11的没有穿过流体的超声波信号直接进行接收，并与超声波换能器 12所接收的穿过流体后的信号进行比较，求取强度变化和飞行时间。在电子装置内部，这一比较是通过采用 ANALOG DEVICES公司的 AD8302芯片来实现的。超声波换能器 12所接收的穿过流体后的信号与超声波换能器 13所接收的没有穿过流体的信号分别连接至 ANALOG DEVICES公司的 AD8302芯片的两个输入端，该芯片为专用的高频信号强度及相位比较芯片，只需为该芯片提供 5V电源，即可对连接在其两个管脚的高频电信号进行强度及相位的比较，并将比较结果转换成两个 0. 03V至 1. 8Yd的电压信号，再提供给电子装置内部的模数转换电路，以便对该模拟量进行采集保存和计算处理。根据超声波的频率和所检测得到的相位差信号，即可计算得到超声波的飞行时间结果。 First, the throttling device can be made without an insulating material, the ultrasonic transducers 11, 12 near the inner surface of the throat 4 are changed in spatial position, and an ultrasonic transducer 13 is additionally provided, which is exchanged with ultrasonic waves. The energy device 11 is directly coupled through the tube wall or directly coupled by other coupling materials to directly receive the ultrasonic signal from the ultrasonic transducer 11 that does not pass through the fluid, and to pass through the fluid received by the ultrasonic transducer 12. The subsequent signals are compared to determine the intensity change and flight time. Inside the electronics, this comparison was achieved using the AD8302 chip from ANALOG DEVICES. The signal after passing through the fluid received by the ultrasonic transducer 12 and the signal received by the ultrasonic transducer 13 without passing through the fluid are respectively connected to the two inputs of the ANALOG DEVICES AD8302 chip, which is dedicated high. The frequency signal strength and phase comparison chip, only need to provide a 5V power supply for the chip, the intensity and phase of the high frequency electrical signal connected to the two pins can be compared, and the comparison result is converted into two 0. 03V The voltage signal to 1.8Yd is then supplied to an analog-to-digital conversion circuit inside the electronic device to perform acquisition and storage and calculation processing on the analog quantity. Based on the frequency of the ultrasonic wave and the detected phase difference signal, the flight time result of the ultrasonic wave can be calculated.

其次，原有的两个电容相分率检测器被一个微波相分率检测器所取代。微波相分率检测器基于如下原理而工作：电磁波在介质中传播时，其强度通常会因其所穿过的介质的影响而改变，而且这种改变与电磁波的频率和介质的介电特性有直接关系。目前工业过程中所使用的相分率检测器大多数都是利用这一类关系而设计出来的。微波波长的选择范围为 1毫米至 1米。更进一步地说，其工作波长可以由下述 4个波长所组成的波长组之中任选一个： 33cm、 16. 7cm, 15. 8cm、 12cra, 原因是这几个波长在微波通信行业中应用十分普遍，相应的微波硬件器件和信号处理芯片由于用量巨大而具有很高的性价比，相应的数据处理算法及软件更是异常丰富，只要在装置上做好对于外部微波信号的屏蔽工作，防止外来的干扰，这些硬件和软件就可以迅速方便地转用到流量检测这一领域中来，发挥出巨大的潜力。波长的另一个优选方案为 3cm，原因是低于这个频率范围时水的矿化度对检测结果影响较大，而高于这个频率范围则流体中的前述混合结构对信号的反射作用增强，影响检测的准确性。在本实施方式中，微波波长选为 15. 8cm。 Second, the original two capacitive phase fraction detectors are replaced by a microwave phase fraction detector. The microwave phase fraction detector works on the principle that: when electromagnetic waves propagate in a medium, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave usually changes due to the influence of the medium through which it passes, and the change and the frequency of the electromagnetic wave and the dielectric properties of the medium have Direct relationship. Most of the phase fraction detectors currently used in industrial processes are designed using this type of relationship. The microwave wavelength can be selected from 1 mm to 1 m. Furthermore, the operating wavelength can be any one of the following four wavelength groups: 33cm, 16.7cm, 15.8cm, 12cra, because these wavelengths are used in the microwave communication industry. It is very common, the corresponding microwave hardware devices and signal processing chips have high cost performance due to the large amount of use, and the corresponding data processing algorithms and software are extremely rich, as long as the shielding of external microwave signals is done on the device to prevent foreign objects. The interference, these hardware and software can be quickly and easily transferred to the field of traffic detection, showing great potential. Another preferred mode of wavelength is 3 cm, because the salinity of the water has a greater influence on the detection result below this frequency range, and above this frequency range, the reflection effect of the aforementioned mixed structure in the fluid is enhanced, and the influence is enhanced. The accuracy of the test. In the present embodiment, the microwave wavelength is selected to be 15.8 cm.

图 5中可见，该微波相分率检测器包括两个微波天线 14、 15。微波信号源 31所产生的微波信号分别输出至电子装置 36和微波天线 14，微波天线 14用于发射微波信号，微波天线 15用于接收微波信号并将其输出给电子装置 36，在该电子装置内部，两个微波信号分别连接至 ANALOG DEVICES公司的 AD8302芯片的两个输入端，该芯片为专用的髙频信号强度及相位比较芯片，只需为该芯片提供 5V电源，即可对连接在其两个管脚的高频电信号进行强度及相位的比较，并将比较结果转换成两个 0. 03V至 1. 8V的电压信号，再提供给电子装置内部的模数转换电路，以便对该模拟量进行采集保存和计算处理。 As seen in Figure 5, the microwave phase fraction detector comprises two microwave antennas 14, 15. The microwave signals generated by the microwave signal source 31 are respectively output to the electronic device 36 and the microwave antenna 14, the microwave antenna 14 is used to transmit the microwave signal, and the microwave antenna 15 is configured to receive the microwave signal and output it to the electronic device 36, where the electronic device Internally, two microwave signals are respectively connected to the two inputs of the AD8302 chip of ANALOG DEVICES. The chip is a dedicated frequency signal and phase comparison chip. It only needs to provide 5V power for the chip, and it can be connected to it. The high-frequency electrical signals of the two pins are compared for the intensity and the phase, and the comparison result is converted into two voltage signals of 0.03 V to 1.8 V, which are then supplied to an analog-to-digital conversion circuit inside the electronic device to The analog quantity is collected and saved and calculated.

第三，与实施方式 2相比，超声波相分率检测器的空间位置发生了改变。实施方式 4的一个横断面剖视图如图 6所示，图中可见，该超声波相分率检测器与前述微波相分率检测器布置在同一个横截面内，并且在不会相互干扰以及空间位置允许的前提条件下，这两个相分率检测器的有效检测区域被布置得尽可能相互重叠覆盖，亦即这两个相分率检测器的有效检测区域中心线在检测通道的中心相交于一点，并且这两个中心线之间的夹角已被尽可能减小。这样的结构设计使得流动通道中的每一段流体在流经这一部位时，能在同一时刻得到这两个相分率检测器的检测。 Third, compared with Embodiment 2, the spatial position of the ultrasonic phase fraction detector is changed. A cross-sectional view of Embodiment 4 is shown in Fig. 6. It can be seen that the ultrasonic phase fraction detector is disposed in the same cross section as the aforementioned microwave phase fraction detector, and does not interfere with each other and the spatial position. Under the precondition of permission, the effective detection areas of the two phase fraction detectors are arranged to overlap each other as much as possible, that is, the center lines of the effective detection areas of the two phase fraction detectors intersect at the center of the detection channel. One point, and the angle between the two centerlines has been reduced as much as possible. Such a structural design allows each of the fluids in the flow channel to pass the detection of the two phase fraction detectors at the same time as it flows through the portion.

实施方式 4的这种配置可以用于检测油气水三相流；其检测过程与实施方式 2相似。需要指出的是，对于其它由介电常数或者密度差别较大的成分所组成的多相流体，实施方式 4的这种配置也可以实现各相流量的在线不分离检测。并且，在精度等性能要求不是很高，或者价格的承受能力有限的情况下，实施方式 4还可以进一步简化，取消其技术方案中所釆用的超声波相分率检测器或者微波相分率检测器，只保留两者之中的一个，同样可以实现上述多相流的流量检测。检测过程中的区别只在于，目标函数 M中对应于被取消的相分率检测器的各项也被取消掉。 This configuration of Embodiment 4 can be used to detect a three-phase flow of oil and gas; the detection process is similar to that of Embodiment 2. It should be noted that this configuration of Embodiment 4 can also realize on-line non-separation detection of the flow rates of the respective phases for other multiphase fluids composed of components having a large dielectric constant or a large difference in density. And, performance requirements such as accuracy are not very In the case of high or limited price tolerance, Embodiment 4 can be further simplified, and the ultrasonic phase fraction detector or the microwave phase fraction detector used in the technical solution can be eliminated, and only the two are retained. One, the same can realize the flow detection of the above multiphase flow. The only difference in the detection process is that the items in the objective function M corresponding to the cancelled phase fraction detector are also cancelled.

图 7是本发明的实施方式 5的结构示意图，图中可见，此实施方式与实施方式 2的部分结构是完全相同的，这部分完全相同的结构在此不再重述，下面详细说明这两个实施方式的不同之处： Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 5 of the present invention. It can be seen that this embodiment is identical to the partial structure of Embodiment 2. This part of the same structure will not be repeated here. Differences in implementations:

首先，在检测通道的后变速管段 5的下游增加了后直管段 6，并且压电式动态压力传感器 8的位置由前直管段 2改变为后直管段 6。取消了原有的两个电容相分率检测器以及超声波相分率检测器。并且，节流装置可以不用绝缘材料制造。 First, a rear straight pipe section 6 is added downstream of the rear shifting pipe section 5 of the detecting passage, and the position of the piezoelectric dynamic pressure sensor 8 is changed from the front straight pipe section 2 to the rear straight pipe section 6. The original two capacitive phase fraction detectors and the ultrasonic phase fraction detector were eliminated. Also, the throttling device can be fabricated without an insulating material.

其次，后变速管段 5的内表面附近增设了一个激光相分率检测器。激光相分率检测器基于下述原理而工作：由于激光具有极好的方向性、单色性和相干性，检测微小颗粒直径大小的粒度仪通常采用激光原理。在多相流的情况下，如果多相流之中的一相颗粒细小并且在流动过程中混合比较均匀，那么使用激光进行相分率检测同样可以达到比较好的效果。激光相分率检测器的基本原理是产生激光束照射被测多相流体，由于微小颗粒对于激光具有散射作用，激光所穿过的路径上颗粒越多，则最终检测到的激光强度越小，该强度即反映了颗粒浓度亦即相分率的大小。 Next, a laser phase fraction detector is added near the inner surface of the rear shifting tube section 5. The laser phase fraction detector works on the basis of the following principles: Since the laser has excellent directivity, monochromaticity and coherence, a particle size analyzer for detecting the size of a small particle is usually laser-based. In the case of multiphase flow, if one phase of the multiphase flow is fine and the mixing is relatively uniform during the flow, the use of a laser for phase fraction detection can also achieve a better effect. The basic principle of the laser phase fraction detector is to generate a laser beam to illuminate the multiphase fluid to be measured. Since the small particles have a scattering effect on the laser, the more particles on the path through which the laser passes, the smaller the final detected laser intensity. This intensity reflects the particle concentration, that is, the phase fraction.

第三，喉部 4的内表面附近还增设了一个 X射线相分率检测器，包括 X射线源 27和 X射线检测器 28。 X射线是指波长在 30nm到 0. Olnm之间的电磁波。短波长和极强的穿透能力使得它被发现后立即获得了广泛的应用，成为医学诊断的有力工具。与伽玛射线相似， X射线穿过介质时其强度同样会减弱。通过对穿过多相流体的 X射线的强度进行检测，就可以得到 X射线路径上的平均密度信息，进而得出相分率信息。 Third, an X-ray phase fraction detector is added in the vicinity of the inner surface of the throat 4, including an X-ray source 27 and an X-ray detector 28. X-ray refers to an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength between 30 nm and 0.01 nm. The short wavelength and excellent penetrating power make it widely available immediately after it is discovered, making it a powerful tool for medical diagnosis. Similar to gamma rays, the intensity of X-rays as they pass through the media also decreases. By detecting the intensity of the X-rays passing through the multiphase fluid, the average density information on the X-ray path can be obtained, and the phase fraction information can be obtained.

图 7中可见，在不会相互干扰以及空间位置允许的前提条件下， X射线相分率检测器与激光相分率检测器的有效检测区域是沿着流体的流动方向紧密相邻地并列布置在同一个轴向截面内的，并且两个相分率检测器的有效检测区域中心线之间的间距已被尽可能减小。这样的结构设计使得流动通道中的每一段流体在流经这一部位时，能在最短的时间内依次得到这两个相分率检测器的检测。 It can be seen from Fig. 7 that the effective detection areas of the X-ray phase fraction detector and the laser phase fraction detector are juxtaposed closely along the flow direction of the fluid under the premise that they do not interfere with each other and the spatial position permits. The spacing between the centerlines of the effective detection areas of the two phase fraction detectors within the same axial section has been reduced as much as possible. Such a structural design allows each of the fluids in the flow channel to be sequentially detected by the two phase fraction detectors in the shortest amount of time as it flows through the portion.

实施方式 5的这种配置可以用于煤粉气体流、粮食气体流以及化工粉料气体流的检测。其检测过程与实施方式 2相似。 This configuration of Embodiment 5 can be used for the detection of pulverized coal gas streams, grain gas streams, and chemical powder gas streams. The detection process is similar to that of Embodiment 2.

需要指出的是，对于其它由密度或者颗粒度差别较大的成分所组成的多相流体，实施方式 5的这种配置也可以检测。并且，在精度等性能要求不是很高，或者价格的承受能力有限的情况下，实施方式 5还可以进一步简化，取消其技术方案中所采用的激光相分率检测器或者 X射线相分率检测器，只保留两者之中的一个，同样可以实现上述多相流的流量检测。检测过程中的区别只在于，目标函数 M中对应于被取消的相分率检测器的各项也被取消掉。 It should be noted that this configuration of Embodiment 5 can also be detected for other multiphase fluids composed of components having a large difference in density or granularity. Moreover, in the case where performance requirements such as accuracy are not very high, or the price tolerance is limited, Embodiment 5 can be further simplified, and the laser phase fraction detector or X-ray phase fraction detection used in the technical solution can be cancelled. Only one of the two can be reserved, and the traffic detection of the above multiphase flow can also be realized. The only difference in the detection process is that the items in the objective function M corresponding to the cancelled phase fraction detector are also cancelled.

图 8是本发明的实施方式 6的结构示意图，图中可见，此实施方式与实施方式 2的部分结构是完全相同的，这部分完全相同的结构在此不再重述，下面详细说明这两个实施方式的不同之处： 8 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 6 of the present invention. It can be seen that this embodiment is identical to the partial structure of Embodiment 2. This part of the identical structure will not be repeated here. Differences in implementations:

首先，喉部 4的内表面附近原有的超声波相分率检测器被一个伽玛射线相分率检测器所取代。伽玛射线相分率检测器是利用物质的密度对于伽玛射线的影响进行检测的。伽玛射线作为一种从原子核内辐射出的电磁波，具有很强的穿透能力，易于实现非接触测量。伽玛射线穿过物质时，由于光电效应和散射效应而导致射线强度的减弱，其减弱程度和物质的密度之间遵循指数定律。伽玛射线密度计就是利用这一原理对各种工艺流程中的料流浓度进行测量的，它通常有以下几个单元组成：伽玛射线源、光电转换器、前置放大器、信号处理器等，当管道的口径一定时，料流浓度越大，伽玛射线最终的强度就越小。这种伽玛射线密度计早已在工业界大量应用，得到了很好的效果。在本实施方式中，伽玛射线源 29所产生的伽玛射线穿过流体后，其强度将发生变化，此强度变化可以由伽马射线检测器 30检测得到。该强度的大小直接反映多相流体的混合密度大小，而混合密度的大小与多相流体相分率的大小是直接相关的。 First, the original ultrasonic phase fraction detector near the inner surface of the throat 4 is replaced by a gamma ray phase fraction detector. The gamma ray phase fraction detector detects the effect of the density of the substance on the gamma ray. As an electromagnetic wave radiated from the nucleus, gamma ray has a strong penetrating power and is easy to realize non-contact measurement. When a gamma ray passes through a substance, the intensity of the ray is weakened due to the photoelectric effect and the scattering effect, and the exponential law is followed between the degree of attenuation and the density of the substance. The gamma ray densitometer uses this principle to measure the concentration of streams in various process flows. Quantity, it usually consists of the following units: gamma ray source, photoelectric converter, preamplifier, signal processor, etc. When the diameter of the pipe is constant, the greater the concentration of the stream, the final intensity of the gamma ray The smaller. This kind of gamma ray densitometer has been widely used in the industry and has achieved good results. In the present embodiment, after the gamma ray generated by the gamma ray source 29 passes through the fluid, its intensity will change, and this intensity change can be detected by the gamma ray detector 30. The magnitude of the intensity directly reflects the mixing density of the multiphase fluid, and the magnitude of the mixing density is directly related to the phase fraction of the multiphase fluid.

其次，取消了喉部 4内表面附近原有的两个电容相分率检测器，而在前变速管段 3的内表面附近增设了一个电阻抗相分率检测器。基于电阻抗的相分率检测器是利用物质的介电常数和电阻率差异来进行检测的。通过电极在多相流体的管道两侧导入 30KHz至 300MHz的高频激励电压，检测电极之间的电流即可得到介电常数和电阻率的变化情况，如果多相流体中各相的介电常数或者电阻率差别较大，那么据此即可得到相分率的有关信息。对基于电阻抗或者电容的相分率检测器，激励电压频率的选择范围通常为 30KHz至 300MHz。在本实施方式中，激励电压的频率选为 30KHz。由电极 23、 24所构成的一对电极嵌入喉部 4的内表面，两个电极对称布置在流体流动通道的轴心线两侧。 Secondly, the original two capacitive phase fraction detectors near the inner surface of the throat 4 are eliminated, and an electrical impedance phase difference detector is added near the inner surface of the front shifting section 3. The phase difference detector based on electrical impedance is detected by using the dielectric constant and resistivity difference of the substance. The dielectric constant and resistivity change can be obtained by introducing a high-frequency excitation voltage of 30 kHz to 300 MHz on both sides of the multiphase fluid tube by detecting the current between the electrodes, if the dielectric constant of each phase in the multiphase fluid Or the difference in resistivity is large, and accordingly, information about the phase fraction can be obtained. For phase difference detectors based on electrical impedance or capacitance, the excitation voltage frequency is typically selected from 30KHz to 300MHz. In the present embodiment, the frequency of the excitation voltage is selected to be 30 kHz. A pair of electrodes composed of the electrodes 23, 24 are embedded in the inner surface of the throat 4, and the two electrodes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axial line of the fluid flow path.

电极嵌入后，应尽量保证前变速管段 3的内表面在嵌入两个电极后仍然保持先前的形状，而不会影响流体经过前变速管段 3的流动。两个电极通过电缆连接至电子装置 36，在该电子装置内部，这两个电极连接至一个 ANALOG DEVICES公司的 AD5933芯片，该芯片为专用的电阻抗 -数字量转换芯片，只需为该芯片提供 5V电源，即可将连接在其两个管脚的电极之间的电阻抗值直接转换为实部和虚部两个数字量，并将这两个数字量通过 I2C接口提供给电子装置内部的数据处理电路，以便进行采集保存和计算处理。 After the electrode is embedded, it should be ensured that the inner surface of the front shifting tube section 3 retains its previous shape after embedding the two electrodes without affecting the flow of fluid through the front shifting section 3. The two electrodes are connected by cable to an electronic device 36. Inside the electronic device, the two electrodes are connected to an AD5933 chip of ANALOG DEVICES, which is a dedicated electrical impedance-digital conversion chip, which only needs to be provided for the chip. With a 5V power supply, the electrical impedance value connected between the electrodes of the two pins can be directly converted into two digital quantities of the real part and the imaginary part, and the two digital quantities are supplied to the inside of the electronic device through the I2C interface. Data processing circuitry for acquisition save and computational processing.

图 8中可见，在不会相互干扰以及空间位置允许的前提条件下，伽玛射线相分率检测器与电阻抗相分率检测器的有效检测区域是沿着流体的流动方向紧密相邻地并列布置在同一个轴向截面内的，并且两个相分率检测器的有效检测区域中心线之间的间距已被尽可能减小。这样的结构设计使得流动通道中的每一段流体在流经这一部位时，能在最短的时间内依次得到这两个相分率检测器的检测。 It can be seen from Fig. 8 that the effective detection area of the gamma ray phase fraction detector and the electrical impedance phase difference detector is closely adjacent to the flow direction of the fluid under the premise that mutual interference and spatial position are not allowed. The parallel arrangement is in the same axial section, and the spacing between the centerlines of the effective detection areas of the two phase fraction detectors has been reduced as much as possible. Such a structural design enables each of the fluids in the flow channel to sequentially obtain the detection of the two phase fraction detectors in the shortest time while flowing through the portion.

图 9是本发明的实施方式 6的一个横断面剖视图，该横断面是沿图 8所示 C-C剖线所取；图中可以清楚地看到电极对 23、 24的相对位置。 Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view, taken along the line C-C shown in Fig. 8, of the sixth embodiment of the present invention; the relative positions of the electrode pairs 23, 24 can be clearly seen in the figure.

实施方式 6的这种配置可以用于水煤浆以及纸浆的检测。其检测过程与实施方式 2相似。需要指出的是，对于其它由介电常数或者密度差别较大的成分所组成的多相流体，实施方式 6的这种配置也可以实现各相流量的在线不分离检测。并且，在精度等性能要求不是很高，或者价格的承受能力有限的情况下，实施方式 6还可以进一步简化，取消其技术方案中所采用的伽玛射线相分率检测器或者电阻抗相分率检测器，只保留两者之中的一个，同样可以实现上述多相流的流量检测。检测过程中的区别只在于，目标函数 M中对应于被取消的相分率检测器的各项也被取消掉。 This configuration of Embodiment 6 can be used for the detection of coal water slurry and pulp. The detection process is similar to that of Embodiment 2. It should be noted that for other multiphase fluids composed of components having a large dielectric constant or a large difference in density, the configuration of Embodiment 6 can also realize on-line non-separation detection of the flow rates of the respective phases. Moreover, in the case where the performance requirements such as accuracy are not very high, or the price tolerance is limited, Embodiment 6 can be further simplified, and the gamma ray phase fraction detector or the impedance reactance phase division used in the technical solution can be eliminated. The rate detector, which only retains one of the two, can also implement the flow detection of the above multiphase flow. The only difference in the detection process is that the items in the objective function M corresponding to the canceled phase difference detector are also cancelled.

图 10是本发明的实施方式 7的结构示意图，图中可见，此实施方式与实施方式 1的部分结构是完全相同的，这部分完全相同的结构在此不再重述，这两个实施方式的不同之处在于，在节流装置的管壁上，在动态压力传感器 8、 9各自所在的横截面内，分别开了一个引压孔，并且在这两个引压孔之间，通过引压管线 32连接了一个差压传感器 35，用于节流差压的检测。该差压传感器的输出信号经电缆连接到电子装置 36。该电子装置可以象对动态压力传感器 8、 9的输出信号一样对差压传感器 35的输出信号进行釆集、存储和计算处理。 FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 7 of the present invention. It can be seen that this embodiment is identical to the partial structure of Embodiment 1. This part of the identical structure will not be repeated here, and the two embodiments are not repeated here. The difference is that, on the wall of the throttle device, in the cross section of the dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9 respectively, a pressure guiding hole is opened, and between the two pressure guiding holes, The pressure line 32 is connected to a differential pressure sensor 35 for detecting the differential pressure of the throttle. The output signal of the differential pressure sensor is connected to the electronic device 36 via a cable. The electronic device can perform the collection, storage and calculation processing of the output signal of the differential pressure sensor 35 as the output signals of the dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9.

实施方式 7的这种配置可以用于任何需要精确检测节流差压的全部信息的场合，这里所说的全部信息包括节流差压波动量值和节流差压均值量值。前面已经分析说明了传统的差压传感器虽然可以对节流差压均值量值进行十分有效的检测，但是由于频率响应的限制，通常无法对节流差压波动量值中频率超过 5KHz的高频部分进行有效的检测。然而在本实施方式中由于有了动态压力传感器 8、 9，节流差压波动量值和节流差压均值量值可以同时得到有效检测。 This configuration of Embodiment 7 can be applied to any case where it is necessary to accurately detect all the information of the throttle differential pressure, and all of the information herein includes the throttle differential pressure fluctuation amount value and the throttle differential pressure average value value. The previous analysis of the differential pressure sensing Although the throttle differential pressure average value can be detected very effectively, due to the limitation of the frequency response, it is generally impossible to effectively detect the high frequency portion of the throttle differential pressure fluctuation value exceeding 5 kHz. However, in the present embodiment, since the dynamic pressure sensor 8, 9, the throttle differential pressure fluctuation value and the throttle differential pressure average value can be effectively detected at the same time.

假设差压传感器 35选用能够有效检测频率在 100Hz以下差压信号的差压传感器，对于常用的差压传感器来说，在低阻尼的工作状态下，绝大多数都能满足这一要求；动态压力传感器 8、 9选用能够有效检测频率在 100Hz至 50KHz动态压力信号的压电式动态压力传感器。在电子装置 36中，用一个截止频率为 100Hz的低通滤波器对差压传感器 35的检测结果进行滤波，同时用一个截止频率为 100Hz的高通滤波器对动态压力传感器 8、 9的检测结果之差进行滤波，然后将上述两个滤波结果相加，这样，就得到了一个带宽为 0至 50KHz的节流差压检测结果。该结果与单独使用差压传感器 35的检测结果相比，其有效频带从 0至 100Hz扩展到了 0至 50KHz，这是目前其它检测手段所无法实现的。该结果所包含的节流差压波动信息显然更为丰富，并且可以分别根据节流差压均值量值和节流差压波动量值来进行流量计算，再将所得到的两个计算结果进行相互校核以便实现流量检测装置的故障自诊断功能。假如孔板发生堵塞，这时上述两个计算结果就会出现很大的差异。因此，当流量检测装置出现类似问题时就可以及时发现，最终的流量检测结果也就更加准确可靠。 It is assumed that the differential pressure sensor 35 selects a differential pressure sensor capable of effectively detecting a differential pressure signal having a frequency below 100 Hz. For a conventional differential pressure sensor, most of the low-damping operation states can satisfy this requirement; The sensors 8, 9 are selected from piezoelectric dynamic pressure sensors capable of effectively detecting dynamic pressure signals having a frequency between 100 Hz and 50 kHz. In the electronic device 36, the detection result of the differential pressure sensor 35 is filtered by a low-pass filter having a cutoff frequency of 100 Hz, and the detection results of the dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9 are performed by a high-pass filter having a cutoff frequency of 100 Hz. The difference is filtered, and then the above two filtering results are added, so that a throttle differential pressure detection result with a bandwidth of 0 to 50 kHz is obtained. This result is extended from 0 to 100 Hz to 0 to 50 kHz compared with the detection result of the differential pressure sensor 35 alone, which is currently impossible to achieve by other detection means. The result of the throttling differential pressure fluctuation information included in the result is obviously richer, and the flow rate calculation can be performed according to the throttling differential pressure mean value and the throttling differential pressure fluctuation magnitude, respectively, and the obtained two calculation results are performed. Mutual check to realize the fault self-diagnosis function of the flow detection device. If the orifice plate is clogged, the above two calculation results will be very different. Therefore, when the flow detection device has similar problems, it can be found in time, and the final flow detection result is more accurate and reliable.

实施方式 7的这种配置可以用于带水水蒸汽、易液化气体流以及易汽化液体流的检测。其检测过程与实施方式 2相似。 This configuration of Embodiment 7 can be used for the detection of water vapor, liquefied gas streams, and easily vaporized liquid streams. The detection process is similar to that of Embodiment 2.

由于图 3至图 9所示的实施方式中都选用了相分率检测器，下面进一步介绍目前工业过程中常用的各种相分率检测器的适用范围。表 1针对以下 10种工业过程中常见的多相流体列出了前述 8种相分率检测器的预期使用效果：带水蒸汽流、带水凝析气流、易于液化的气体流、易于汽化的液体流、油气水三相流、煤粉气体流、粮食气体流、化工粉料气体流、水煤浆、纸浆。表格中每一列代表一种多相流体，每一行代表一种相分率检测器，表格中的 "+" 表示完全适用， " 0 "表示部分适用， "-"表示难于适用。 Since the phase fraction detector is selected in the embodiments shown in Figs. 3 to 9, the application range of various phase fraction detectors commonly used in the current industrial process will be further described below. Table 1 lists the expected effects of the eight phase fraction detectors described above for the multiphase fluids commonly found in the following 10 industrial processes: water vapor stream, water condensate gas stream, gas stream that is easily liquefied, and easily vaporized. Liquid flow, oil-gas-water three-phase flow, pulverized coal gas flow, grain gas flow, chemical powder gas flow, coal water slurry, pulp. Each column in the table represents a multiphase fluid, and each row represents a phase fraction detector. The "+" in the table indicates that it is fully applicable, the "0" indicates that it is partially applicable, and the "-" indicates that it is difficult to apply.

由表 1 中可见，由于带水蒸汽流、带水凝析气流、易于液化的气体流、易于汽化的液体流和化工粉料气体流这 5种多相流体通常包含同种物质的不同存在形态，而物质在不同存在形态下的介电常数以及电阻率往往差别较大，且流体比较纯净，脏污杂质含量小，因此 8种相分率检测器基本上都可以适用，只是由于超声波换能器目前尚难以耐受 200度以上的高温，导致超声波相分率检测器不能用于高温水蒸汽的检测。 As can be seen from Table 1, the five multiphase fluids with water vapor flow, condensate gas stream, gas stream that is easy to liquefy, liquid stream that is easy to vaporize, and chemical powder gas stream usually contain different forms of the same species. The dielectric constant and resistivity of the material in different existing forms often differ greatly, and the fluid is relatively pure and the content of dirty impurities is small. Therefore, the eight phase fraction detectors can basically be applied, but only due to ultrasonic transduction. It is still difficult to withstand temperatures above 200 degrees, which makes the ultrasonic phase fraction detector not used for high temperature steam detection.

表 1. 各种相分率检测器应用于不同多相流时的预期效果带化 Table 1. Expected effects of various phase fraction detectors applied to different multiphase flows

油 Oil

带粮工 With grain workers

水液汽 Water vapor

水气煤 Water gas coal

凝食 Condensate

化化粉粉水 Chemical powder

料纸析气气气煤 Paper, gassing, gas, coal, coal

液体气浆浆流气体体体 Liquid gas slurry flow gas body

流流流 Stream flow

流流流体 Flow stream

流 Flow

电容 + + + 0 0 0 + 一 - 电阻抗 - 一 - 0 0 - ― ― 0 0 超声波 - _ 0 + + 0 0 + + + 微波 + + 0 0 0 0 + ― - 红外线 + + - - 0 一 - - - ― 激光 + 0 + 一一 + 0 + - ― Capacitance + + + 0 0 0 + one - electrical impedance - one - 0 0 - ― ― 0 0 ultrasonic - _ 0 + + 0 0 + + + microwave + + 0 0 0 0 + ― - infrared + + - - 0 - - - ― Laser + 0 + One + One + + - ―

X射线 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 伽玛射线 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 对于油气水三相流体来说，情况略有不同的是由于流体中的脏污介质往往含量较大，导致红外线和激光相分率检测器难以适用，同时 X射线和伽玛射线相分率检测器尤其适用；另外，由于水的矿化度有可能发生变化并且可能成为连续相，这又会给电阻抗和电容相分率检测器的使用带来困难。 X-ray 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gamma ray 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 For the oil-gas-water three-phase fluid, the situation is slightly different because the dirty medium in the fluid tends to be large, which makes the infrared and laser phase fraction detector difficult to apply, and the X-ray and gamma ray phase fraction detection It is especially useful; in addition, the degree of salinity of water may change and may become a continuous phase, which in turn may cause difficulties in the use of electrical impedance and capacitive phase fraction detectors.

煤粉气体流与粮食气体流中水分的变化不定大大限制了电阻抗、电容、微波和红外线相分率检测器的适用，而对于水煤浆和纸浆来说，大量液态水以及部分杂质的存在起到了相似的限制作用。 The variability of pulverized coal gas flow and moisture in the grain gas stream greatly limits the application of electrical impedance, capacitance, microwave and infrared phase fraction detectors. For coal water slurry and pulp, the presence of large amounts of liquid water and some impurities Played a similar limiting role.

值得注意的是，从表 1中看似乎 X射线和伽玛射线相分率检测器是普遍适用的选择，但是在实际生产环境中，由于其较高的成本以及放射性、安全、能耗、环保等问题的存在，其应用的推广受到了很大的限制。相比之下，电容和超声波相分率检测器更值得用户考虑选用。 It is worth noting that from Table 1, it seems that X-ray and gamma ray phase fraction detectors are universally applicable, but in actual production environments, due to their high cost and radioactivity, safety, energy consumption, and environmental protection. The existence of such problems, the promotion of its application has been greatly limited. In contrast, capacitive and ultrasonic phase fraction detectors are more worthwhile for users to consider.

另外，在此必须指出的是，当检测精度要求很高或者被检测的流体中含有气体时，需要同时测量静压和温度，并计算做出相应的压力、温度修正，这样才能得到标准状态下的流量数值。这是流量检测领域内的技术人员所熟知的基本常识。具体到本发明所述的流量检测装置来说，如果整个管道***的其它环节不能提供这种静压和温度信息，那么就需要在所述的流量检测装置上增设相应的静压传感器和温度传感器，对静压和温度进行检测并用于修正计算。由于这一特征属于流量检测领域内的技术人员所熟知的基本常识，因而本发明的技术方案以及权力要求书中均没有将这一特征算作所述流量检测装置的技术特征。 In addition, it must be pointed out that when the detection accuracy is very high or the detected fluid contains gas, it is necessary to measure the static pressure and temperature at the same time, and calculate the corresponding pressure and temperature correction so that the standard state can be obtained. The flow value. This is the basic common sense well known to those skilled in the art of flow detection. Specifically, in the flow detecting device of the present invention, if the static pressure and temperature information cannot be provided in other links of the entire piping system, it is necessary to add a corresponding static pressure sensor and temperature sensor to the flow detecting device. , Static pressure and temperature are detected and used to correct the calculation. Since this feature is a basic common knowledge well known to those skilled in the art of flow detection, this feature is not counted as a technical feature of the flow detecting device in the technical scheme and the claims of the present invention.

本发明不局限于上述几个实施方式。应当指出，本发明的基本原理是采用两个或者多个动态压力传感器对于节流差压波动量值进行检测，并以此作为主要依据实现流体流量的检测。对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离上述基本原理的前提下，还可以做出若干变型和改进，例如：节流装置除了实施方式中使用过的孔板和类似文丘里管的节流装置，也可以选择喷嘴、内锥形节流件以及其它非标准节流装置，只要达到改变流体流速的目的即可；由于各个实施方式最终都将流量检测问题转换为极值求解问题，因此在所述流量检测装置的上下游附近也可以再串联另一个附加的节流装置，将该附加的节流装置上所得到的各种附加检测结果引入所述流量检测装置的电子装置中，并且在目标函数中加入包含这些附加检测结果的相应项，以便提高所述流量检测装置的检测效果；动态压力传感器除了本实施方式中使用的压电式传感器，也可以选择其它基于声振动检测原理的传感器，例如内部为线圈加永久磁铁结构的声振动传感器以及光纤压力传感器等，只要达到精确检测高频压力波动量值的目的即可；相分率检测装置除了本实施方式中使用的各种相分率检测器，也可以选择其他形式的相分率检测器，只要传感器的输出信号随着多相流体中某一相浓度的变化而变化即可。由于上述这些变型和改进均建立在相同的基本原理之上，因此均应落在本发明的保护范围之内。 The invention is not limited to the several embodiments described above. It should be noted that the basic principle of the present invention is to use two or more dynamic pressure sensors to detect the magnitude of the differential pressure fluctuation, and use this as a primary basis for the detection of fluid flow. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a number of variations and modifications can be made without departing from the basic principles described above, for example: Throttle means, in addition to the orifice plates and venturi-like sections used in the embodiments The flow device can also select nozzles, inner conical throttles and other non-standard throttling devices, as long as the purpose of changing the fluid flow rate is achieved; since each embodiment ultimately converts the flow detection problem into an extreme solution problem, In addition to the upstream and downstream of the flow detecting device, another additional throttling device may be connected in series, and various additional detection results obtained on the additional throttling device are introduced into the electronic device of the flow detecting device, and Corresponding items including these additional detection results are added to the objective function to improve the detection effect of the flow detecting device; the dynamic pressure sensor can select other acoustic vibration detecting principles in addition to the piezoelectric sensor used in the embodiment. The sensor, for example, the internal vibration of the coil plus permanent magnet structure The sensor, the fiber pressure sensor, and the like may be used for the purpose of accurately detecting the magnitude of the high-frequency pressure fluctuation; the phase-rate detecting device may select other forms of phase separation in addition to the various phase-rate detectors used in the present embodiment. The rate detector can be changed as long as the output signal of the sensor changes with the concentration of a phase in the multiphase fluid. Since all of the above variations and modifications are based on the same basic principles, they are all within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

权利要求书 Claim

1. 一种流体的流量检测装置，该流量检测装置的检测通道是一段内部有流体流动的密闭通道，在该检测通道上布置 1个传感器组合，该传感器组合至少由 2个传感器组成，将该传感器组合中至少 2个传感器的输出信号引入 1 个电子装置中，由该电子装置来实现流体流量的求取，所述流量检测装置的特征是： A flow detecting device for a fluid, wherein the detecting passage of the flow detecting device is a closed passage having a fluid flow therein, and a sensor combination is disposed on the detecting passage, the sensor combination is composed of at least two sensors, The output signals of at least two sensors in the sensor combination are introduced into one electronic device, and the electronic device is used to obtain a fluid flow rate. The flow detecting device is characterized by:

1 ) 所述传感器组合中至少包含 2个动态压力传感器，这种动态压力传感器是为精确有效地检测压力的波动情况而设计的，因而难以准确有效地检测压力的稳态数值； 1) The sensor combination includes at least two dynamic pressure sensors, which are designed to accurately and effectively detect fluctuations in pressure, and thus it is difficult to accurately and effectively detect the steady state value of the pressure;

2) 至少有 2个动态压力传感器是沿着流体流动方向间隔一段距离而布置的； 2) At least 2 dynamic pressure sensors are placed at a distance along the direction of fluid flow;

3 ) 在沿着流体流动方向间隔一段距离而布置的 2个动态压力传感器之间，检测通道的横截面积存在变化，流体的流速也因此而发生了相应的改变。 3) Between the two dynamic pressure sensors arranged at a distance along the direction of fluid flow, there is a change in the cross-sectional area of the detection channel, and the flow velocity of the fluid is accordingly changed accordingly.

2. 如权利要求 1所述的流量检测装置，其特征是：所述流量检测装置还包含 1 个差压传感器，并且在检测通道上，该差压传感器所连接的两个取压孔分别布置在安装有动态压力传感器的横截面内。 2. The flow rate detecting device according to claim 1, wherein: the flow rate detecting device further comprises a differential pressure sensor, and the two pressure tapping holes connected to the differential pressure sensor are respectively arranged on the detecting channel. In the cross section where the dynamic pressure sensor is installed.

3. 如权利要求 1所述的流量检测装置，其特征是：在检测通道的横截面积最小的部位附近，还布置有 1个相分率检测器，该相分率捡测器通过施加激励电压或者激励电流的办法，对于布置在检测通道两侧的两个电极之间所存在的电容或者电阻抗进行检测，以达到检测相分率的目的，并且该检测所用激励电压或者激励电流的工作频率选在 30KHz至 300MHz之间。 3. The flow rate detecting device according to claim 1, wherein: a phase difference detector is disposed in the vicinity of a portion where the cross-sectional area of the detecting passage is the smallest, and the phase dividing rate detector is applied with excitation. The method of voltage or excitation current detects the capacitance or electrical impedance existing between two electrodes disposed on both sides of the detection channel to achieve the purpose of detecting the phase separation rate, and the excitation voltage or excitation current used for the detection The frequency is chosen between 30KHz and 300MHz.

4. 如权利要求 1所述的流量检测装置，其特征是：在检测通道的横截面积最小的部位附近，还布置有 1个相分率检测器，该相分率检测器对超声波穿过流体时的强度变化或者飞行时间变化进行检测，以达到检测相分率的目的，并且当被检测的流体中包含气体时，超声波的工作频率选在 0.5MHz 至 5MHz之间，当被检测的流体中不包含气体时，超声波的工作频率选在 2.0MHz至 20MHz之间。 4. The flow rate detecting device according to claim 1, wherein: a phase difference detector is disposed in the vicinity of a portion where the cross-sectional area of the detecting passage is the smallest, and the phase dividing detector passes through the ultrasonic wave. The change in intensity or time-of-flight of the fluid is detected to achieve the purpose of detecting the phase separation rate, and when the gas to be detected contains gas, the operating frequency of the ultrasonic wave is selected between 0.5 MHz and 5 MHz, when the fluid to be detected When no gas is included, the operating frequency of the ultrasonic wave is selected between 2.0 MHz and 20 MHz.

5. 如权利要求 1所述的流量检测装置，其特征是：在检测通道的横截面积最小的部位附近，还布置有 1个相分率检测器，该相分率检测器对电磁波穿过流体时的强度变化进行检测，以达到检测相分率的目的，所述电磁波为下述 5种电磁波所组成的电磁波组之中的任意一种：微波、红外线、激光、 X射线、伽玛射线。 5. The flow rate detecting device according to claim 1, wherein: a phase fraction detector is disposed in the vicinity of a portion where the cross-sectional area of the detecting passage is the smallest, and the phase fraction detector passes the electromagnetic wave. The change of the intensity of the fluid is detected for the purpose of detecting the phase separation rate, and the electromagnetic wave is any one of the following electromagnetic wave groups consisting of five kinds of electromagnetic waves: microwave, infrared, laser, X-ray, gamma ray .

6. 如权利要求 5所述的流量检测装置，其特征是：所述电磁波属于微波频段，其工作波长是由下述 5 个波长所组成的波长组之中的任意一个： 33cm、 16.7cm. 15.8cm, 12cm, 3 cm, 并且所述相分率检测器还对所述电磁波穿过流体时的相位变化进行检测，以达到检测相分率的目的。 6. The flow rate detecting device according to claim 5, wherein: said electromagnetic wave belongs to a microwave frequency band, and said operating wavelength is any one of wavelength groups consisting of the following five wavelengths: 33 cm, 16.7 cm. 15.8 cm, 12 cm, 3 cm, and the phase fraction detector also detects the phase change of the electromagnetic wave as it passes through the fluid to achieve the purpose of detecting the phase separation rate.

7. 如权利要求 5所述的流量检测装置，其特征是：所述电磁波属于红外线频段，并且其工作波长是由下述 5个波长所组成的波长组之中的任意一个： 1.2 微米、 1.45微米、 1.94微米、 2.8微米、 6微米。 7. The flow rate detecting device according to claim 5, wherein: said electromagnetic wave belongs to an infrared frequency band, and an operating wavelength thereof is any one of wavelength groups consisting of the following five wavelengths: 1.2 micrometers, 1.45 Micron, 1.94 microns, 2.8 microns, 6 microns.

8. 如权利要求 1所述的流量检测装置，其特征是：至少包含 2个相分率检测器，这些相分率检测器是从下述 8种相分率检测器所组成的检测器组中任意选用的：超声波检测器、电容检测器、电阻抗检测器、微波检测器、红外检测器、激光检测器、 X射线检测器、伽玛射线检测器；所选用的检测器具有相同的或者不同的工作原理，并且具有相同的或者不同的工作波长；所选用的相分率检测器集中布置在检测通道的横截面积最小的部位附近；同时，在所述相分率检测器不会相互干扰以及空间位置允许的前提条件下，尽可能使至少 2个相分率检测器的有效检测区域的中心线在检测通道的中心相交于一点，并且尽量减小这两个中心线之间的夹角。这样，这些相分率检测器的有效检测区域相互重叠覆盖，使得检测通道中的每一段流体在流经该部位时，能在同一时刻得到这些相分率检测器的检测。 8. The flow rate detecting device according to claim 1, wherein: at least two phase fraction detectors are included, and the phase fraction detectors are detector groups consisting of the following eight phase fraction detectors. Any of the following: ultrasonic detector, capacitance detector, electrical impedance detector, microwave detector, infrared detector, laser detector, X-ray detector, gamma ray detector; detectors selected have the same or Different working principles, and have the same or different working wavelengths; the selected phase fraction detectors are arranged centrally near the portion of the detection channel with the smallest cross-sectional area; meanwhile, the phase-division detectors do not mutually Under the premise of interference and spatial position permitting, the center line of the effective detection area of at least 2 phase fraction detectors should be intersected at the center of the detection channel as much as possible, and the clamp between the two center lines should be minimized. angle. Thus, the effective detection areas of the phase fraction detectors overlap each other so that each phase of the detection channel can be detected by the phase fraction detectors at the same time as it flows through the portion.

9. 如权利要求 1所述的流量检测装置，其特征是：至少包含 2个相分率检测器，这些相分率检测器是从下述 8种相分率检测器所组成的检测器组中任意选用的：超声波检测器、电容检测器、电阻抗检测器、微波检测器、红外检测器、激光检测器、 X射线检测器、伽玛射线检测器；所选用的检测器具有相同的或者不同的工作原理，并且具有相同的或者不同的工作波长；所选用的相分率检测器集中布置在检测通道的横截面积最小的部位附近；同时，在所述相分率检测器不会相互干扰以及空间位置允许的前提条件下，尽可能将至少 2个所选用相分率检测器的有效检测区域沿着流体的流动方向紧密相邻地并列平行布置在同一个轴向截面内，并且尽量减小这两个有效检测区域的中心线之间的间距。这样，检测通道中的每一段流体在流经该部位时，就 ' 能在最短的时间内依次得到这些相分率检测器的检测。 9. The flow rate detecting device according to claim 1, wherein: at least two phase fraction detectors are included, and the phase fraction detectors are detector groups consisting of the following eight phase fraction detectors. Any of the following: ultrasonic detector, capacitance detector, electrical impedance detector, microwave detector, infrared detector, laser detector, X-ray detector, gamma ray detector; detectors selected have the same or Different working principles, and have the same or different working wavelengths; the selected phase fraction detectors are arranged centrally near the smallest cross-sectional area of the detection channel; Under the premise that the phase fraction detectors do not interfere with each other and the spatial position permits, at least two effective detection regions of the selected phase fraction detectors are arranged in parallel adjacent to each other in parallel along the flow direction of the fluid. Within the same axial section, and minimize the spacing between the centerlines of the two effective detection zones. In this way, each of the fluids in the detection channel, when flowing through the portion, can detect the phase fraction detectors in the shortest time.

10. 如权利要求 1至 9中任一项所述的流量检测装置，其特征是：所述检测通 .道包含至少 1个变速管段和与其相邻的流动通道横截面积不变的喉部，在该变速管段上流动通道横截面积发生了改变并导致流体流速增大或者减小，并且该变速管段位于所述 2个动态压力传感器的安装部位之间。 The flow rate detecting device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: said detecting passage comprises at least one shifting pipe section and a throat having a constant cross-sectional area of a flow passage adjacent thereto The flow passage cross-sectional area changes on the shifting tube section and causes the fluid flow rate to increase or decrease, and the shifting tube section is located between the mounting portions of the two dynamic pressure sensors.

11. 如权利要求 1至 9中任一项所述的流量检测装置，其特征是：所述动态压力传感器是基于晶体压电原理、陶瓷压电原理、线圈加永久磁铁原理或者光纤测量原理的动态压力传感器。 The flow rate detecting device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the dynamic pressure sensor is based on a crystal piezoelectric principle, a ceramic piezoelectric principle, a coil plus a permanent magnet principle or an optical fiber measuring principle. Dynamic pressure sensor.

12. 如权利要求 10所述的流量检测装置，其特征是：所述动态压力传感器是基于晶体压电原理、陶瓷压电原理、线圈加永久磁铁原理或者光纤测量原理的动态压力传感器。 12. The flow rate detecting device according to claim 10, wherein: the dynamic pressure sensor is a dynamic pressure sensor based on a crystal piezoelectric principle, a ceramic piezoelectric principle, a coil plus permanent magnet principle, or an optical fiber measuring principle.