CN104198328B - In two-phase fluid, steam bubble amasss the measurement Apparatus and method for of rate - Google Patents
In two-phase fluid, steam bubble amasss the measurement Apparatus and method for of rate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to steam bubble in a kind of two-phase fluid and amass the measurement Apparatus and method for of rate, this measurement equipment includes the airtight casing for accommodating fluid media (medium), described fluid media (medium) is carried out the heater heating to be formed at the fluid-mixing with vehicle repair major of described fluid media (medium) ullage, and the count measurement device that the steam bubble volume occupation rate in described fluid-mixing measured, described heater is arranged in described casing, in the described casing of described fluid media (medium) ullage, space forms the runner passed through for described fluid-mixing, described count measurement device is arranged on outside described runner.The measurement equipment of the present invention and method, it is achieved use in engineering, simple to operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heat transfer enhancement technology field, particularly relate to steam bubble in a kind of two-phase fluid and amass the measurement of rate
Apparatus and method for.
Background technology
Augmentation of heat transfer is a kind of novel heat transfer technology, and it is the phase interaction utilizing electric field, Flow and heat flux
For augmentation of heat transfer.Currently, boiling heat transfer technology has become the cutting edge technology of heat transfer, and at electric field, stream
Under field and temperature field interact, the mechanism of its augmentation of heat transfer is extremely complex, and the factor of impact is a lot, and its
Middle Electric Field Distribution is the very important factor affecting boiling heat transfer, and current theoretical research works still
Resting in qualitative analysis, the method that therefore there is no determines the design of optimum in engineering.
In heat transfer technology, medium is the heat transfer of biphase heat transfer, the most referred to as latent heat, has than traditional heat transfer
The biggest advantage, is paid attention in engineering greatly, but about two-phase fluid characteristic in theory
Also it is in qualitative stage.Therefore, to apply in engineering, also have many problems to need to solve；One of them
Primary key issue is exactly in two-phase fluid, steam state, the volume occupation rate of liquid, this and the ginseng of two-phase fluid
Number, heat transfer temperature, pressure etc. have the relation of complexity.Owing to two-phase fluid is different from monophasic fluid, it is
Gas and the fluid of liquid two-phase mixtures, it is impracticable for quoting common monophasic fluid computational methods.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, it is provided that in a kind of two-phase fluid realizing using in engineering
Steam bubble amasss the measurement Apparatus and method for of rate.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: provide steam bubble in a kind of two-phase fluid to amass
The measurement equipment of rate, including the airtight casing for accommodating fluid media (medium), adds described fluid media (medium)
Heat be formed at the fluid-mixing with vehicle repair major of described fluid media (medium) ullage heater, with
And the count measurement device that the steam bubble volume occupation rate in described fluid-mixing measured, described in add hot charging
Putting and be arranged in described casing, in the described casing of described fluid media (medium) ullage, space is formed for described mixed
The runner that interflow body passes through, described count measurement device is arranged on outside described runner.
Preferably, described count measurement device includes for producing the X-ray X by described fluid-mixing
Ray generator and for receiving the G-M counter tube of described X-ray, described x ray generator and
G-M counter tube is positioned at the outer opposite sides of described runner.
Preferably, this measurement equipment also includes the vapor phase fluid in described fluid-mixing is cooled to liquid phase fluid
Condenser, described condenser is arranged on described casing inner top, and described runner is positioned at described fluid media (medium) liquid
Between face and described condenser.
Preferably, this measurement equipment also includes at least described liquid phase fluid being cooled into by condensed device
Lead back to the return duct of described box bottom；One end of described return duct is connected to the top of described casing and is positioned at
The lower section of described condenser, the other end is connected to the bottom of described casing.
Preferably, described casing includes being sequentially connected containing portion, throughput and the cooling end connect from top to bottom,
Described heater is arranged in described containing portion, and described condenser is arranged in described cooling end, described stream
The interior space in logical portion forms the described runner passed through for described fluid-mixing；The internal diameter of described throughput is less than institute
State the internal diameter of containing portion and cooling end.
Preferably, the piezometer of pressure in this measurement equipment also includes measuring described casing.
Preferably, described pressure is calculated as mercury gauge, and the interface end of this mercury gauge is communicated to described case
Internal, and it is positioned at the ullage of described fluid media (medium).
Preferably, the described fluid-mixing described casing being additionally provided with in observing described runner passes through situation
Observation window.
The present invention also provides for steam bubble in a kind of two-phase fluid and amasss the measuring method of rate, comprises the following steps:
S1, fluid media (medium) is loaded in airtight casing；
Heater work in S2, described casing, is thermally formed described fluid media (medium) and has vehicle repair major
Fluid-mixing, described fluid-mixing is positioned at described fluid media (medium) ullage, and is flowed to described by runner
Casing top；
Count measurement device outside S3, described runner is to by the vapour in the described fluid-mixing of described runner
Foam amasss occupation rate and measures, thus the steam bubble obtained in two-phase fluid amasss rate.
Preferably, in described step S2, successively the temperature of fluid media (medium) is at least controlled by heater
Under system evaporation boiling temperature under initial evaporation point temperature, under rated heat input, rated heat load and 1.4 times of specified heat
Under load under boiling temperature；In described step S3, count measurement device is successively at different described temperature
Steam bubble volume occupation rate measure；
In described step S2, use steam heater or resistive heating device that described fluid media (medium) is entered
Row heating；
In described step S2, flow to the vapor phase fluid in the fluid-mixing at described casing top at condenser
Cooling effect under be condensed into liquid phase fluid, and be back to described casing inner bottom part by return duct.
Implement to the method have the advantages that by the mixing to having vehicle repair major of the count measurement device
Steam bubble in fluid amasss rate and measures, and records after steam bubble amasss rate, can calculate the liquid phase stream in fluid-mixing
Body volume occupation rate, vapor phase fluid and the flow velocity of liquid phase fluid, further according to the flow velocity drawn and vapor phase fluid
With liquid phase fluid respective density under corresponding temperature field, obtain respective flow, and then draw two phase flow
Fluid resistance pressure drop in body, accurately and be applicable in engineering application, simple to operation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 be one embodiment of the invention two-phase fluid in steam bubble amass rate measure equipment structural representation.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to be more clearly understood from the technical characteristic of the present invention, purpose and effect, now comparison accompanying drawing is detailed
Describe the detailed description of the invention of the bright present invention in detail.
As it is shown in figure 1, in the two-phase fluid of one embodiment of the invention, steam bubble amasss the measurement equipment of rate, including close
Casing 1, heater 2 and the count measurement device closed, casing 1 is used for accommodating fluid media (medium) 10, adds
Thermal 2 is arranged in casing 1, carries out fluid media (medium) 10 heating to be formed at fluid media (medium) 10 liquid level
The fluid-mixing with vehicle repair major of top, in the casing 1 of fluid media (medium) 10 ullage, space is formed
The runner 11 passed through for fluid-mixing, count measurement device is arranged on outside runner 11, in fluid-mixing
Steam bubble volume occupation rate (steam bubble amasss rate) measure.Record after steam bubble amasss rate, mixed flow can be calculated
Liquid phase fluid volume occupation rate in body, then calculates the flow velocity of vapor phase fluid and the flow velocity of liquid phase fluid,
Further according to flow velocity and vapor phase fluid and liquid phase fluid respective density under corresponding temperature field, obtain each
Flow, and then draw fluid resistance pressure drop in two-phase fluid.
In the present embodiment, casing 1 uses lucite to make, wall thickness 4-5mm, internal diameter 500mm, high
Degree 2000mm.It addition, the fluid-mixing vapour that also can be provided with in observing runner 11 on casing 1 passes through feelings
The observation window (not shown) of condition, thus the fluid-mixing that staff can observe in runner 11 at any time passes through feelings
Condition, and fluid-mixing taken pictures to record by permeable observation window by situation.
In casing 1, fluid media (medium) 10 preferably covers heater 2；During practice, stream
Body medium 10 is chosen according to medium to be used.In the present embodiment, the heat-generating units of heater 2
21 are positioned in casing 1 inner chamber, can directly contact with fluid media (medium) 10, heat with fluid medium 10；
Pyrotoxin 22 is positioned at bottom casing 1, generates heat ordering about heat-generating units 21.Further, at the present embodiment
In, the heat coil that heat-generating units 21 is diameter 300mm of heater 2, pyrotoxin 22 drive and send out
Heat, and keep the heating of constant temperature, heating source 22 can be steam heating source or resistance heating source.For steam
Heating source, it is furnished with steam control valve；For resistance heating source, it is furnished with adjustable autotransformer, reaches
To stable heating.It addition, this heater 2 can be the heater shown with temperature, thus recordable
Steam bubble at different temperatures amasss rate；Or, this measurement equipment also includes temperature sensing device, with induction-box
The temperature of heating in body 1, amasss rate obtaining the steam bubble under different temperatures.
Count measurement device includes x ray generator 31 and G-M counter tube 32, lays respectively at runner 11
Outer opposite sides.This x ray generator 31 is used for producing X-ray, and X-ray is by quilt after fluid-mixing
G-M counter tube 32 receives, and G-M counter tube 32 can get vapor phase fluid in fluid-mixing after receiving X-ray
Steam bubble amass rate.
This measurement equipment measure during, at least will under fluid media (medium) 10 initiates evaporation point temperature, add
Under the rated heat input, rated heat load of thermal 2 under the evaporation boiling temperature of fluid media (medium) 10 and at heater 2
1.4 times of rated heat input, rated heat loads under fluid media (medium) 10 boiling temperature under measure, obtain three groups of not equalities of temperature
Steam bubble under Du amasss rate parameter.
Further, this measurement equipment also includes condenser 4, and it is arranged on casing 1 inner top, and being used for will
Vapor phase fluid in fluid-mixing is cooled to liquid phase fluid；Runner 11 is positioned at fluid media (medium) 10 liquid level and condensation
Between device.Condenser 4 can use hollow copper tubing to turn to, internal logical cooling water；One end of condenser 4 is stretched
Going out casing 1 and cool down water to connect, its flow can be controlled by orifice flowmeter and differential manometer, condenser
The other end of 4 stretches out casing 1 to be gone out by the cooling water drainage after heat exchange.By cooling water source source constantly at copper
Flow through in pipe, vapor phase fluid is cooled down so that vapor phase fluid condenses back liquid phase fluid, and flows back to casing
1 inner bottom part, constantly circulates.
This measurement equipment also includes at least return duct 5, the liquid phase fluid being cooled into by condensed device 4
Lead back to casing 1 inner bottom part.One end of return duct 5 is connected to the top of casing 1 and is positioned at condenser 4 times
Side, the other end is connected to the bottom of casing 1.
As it is shown in figure 1, in the present embodiment, casing 1 includes being sequentially connected the containing portion connect from top to bottom
12, throughput 13 and cooling end 14, heater 2 is arranged in containing portion 12, and condenser 4 is pacified
Being contained in cooling end 14, the interior space of throughput 13 forms the runner 11 passed through for fluid-mixing；Circulation
The internal diameter in portion 13 is less than containing portion 12 and the internal diameter of cooling end 14.One end of return duct 5 is connected to cooling
In portion 14 and be positioned at the periphery of throughput 13, the other end is connected in containing portion 12, thus condensed shape
Become liquid phase fluid major part can from throughput 13 periphery through return duct 5 flows back to containing portion 12, without
Containing portion 12 is flowed to from throughput 13.Wherein, the joint face 15 between cooling end 14 and throughput 13
Can be plane, or be downward-sloping inclined-plane Zi connecting one end of throughput 13 to opposite other end；Inclined-plane
Setting can place condensation formed liquid phase fluid flow to throughput 13 along joint face 15.
Further, the piezometer 6 of pressure in this measurement equipment also includes measurement casing 1.At the present embodiment
In, piezometer 6 is mercury gauge, and the interface end of this mercury gauge is communicated in casing 1, and is positioned at
The ullage of fluid media (medium) 10.
It is to be appreciated that this measurement equipment also includes control system 7, it is connected with count measurement device, record
The data that G-M counter tube 32 records, and can be run a curve by multi-group data.
In the two-phase fluid of one embodiment of the invention, steam bubble amasss the measuring method of rate, uses above-mentioned measurement equipment real
Existing, with reference to Fig. 1, the method can comprise the following steps that
S1, fluid media (medium) 10 is loaded in airtight casing 1；The fluid media (medium) 10 measured as required
Use the fluid media (medium) of corresponding kind.Heater 2 is covered in casing 1 by fluid media (medium) 10.
Heater 2 in S2, casing 1 works, and is thermally formed by fluid media (medium) 10 and has vehicle repair major
Fluid-mixing, fluid-mixing is positioned at fluid media (medium) 10 ullage, and flows to casing 1 by runner 11
Top.
In this step S2, steam heater or resistive heating device fluid medium 10 is used to carry out perseverance
Temperature heating；For using the heater 2 of steam heating source, it is furnished with steam control valve；For using electricity
The heater 2 of resistance heating source, it is furnished with adjustable autotransformer, to reach stable heating.Casing 1
The temperature of interior heating further can by temperature sensing device sensing learn, or heater 2 self with
Temperature show and draw.
The vapor phase fluid flowed in the fluid-mixing at casing 1 top is condensed under the cooling effect of condenser 4
Liquid phase fluid, and it is back to casing 1 inner bottom part by return duct 5, to be again heated, constantly circulate.
In this step S2, by the observation window on casing 1 it can be seen that fluid-mixing intermittently from lower to
Upper flowing, presents the fluid of vehicle repair major mixing；With the increase of load, fluid-mixing increases accordingly,
The condensed device in casing 1 top 4 cools down, and is condensed into liquid phase fluid and flows back to casing 1 inner bottom part, such Zhou Erfu
The persistent loop begun.
Count measurement device outside S3, runner 11 is to the steam bubble volume in the fluid-mixing by runner 11
Occupation rate measures, thus the steam bubble obtained in two-phase fluid (i.e. fluid-mixing) amasss rate.Wherein, meter
The x ray generator 31 of number measurement apparatus produces X-ray, and X-ray is by being counted by G-M after fluid-mixing
Number pipe 32 receives, and G-M counter tube 32 can get the steam bubble of vapor phase fluid in fluid-mixing after receiving X-ray
Long-pending rate related data.
Further, in step s 2, by heater 2 successively by the temperature of fluid media (medium) 10 at least
Control the evaporation boiling of fluid media (medium) 10 under initial evaporation point temperature, under heater 2 rated heat input, rated heat load
At a temperature of and under 1.4 times of rated heat input, rated heat loads of heater 2 under the boiling temperature of fluid media (medium) 10；
In step s3, the steam bubble volume occupation rate under different temperatures is measured by count measurement device successively,
Thus the steam bubble under obtaining different temperatures amasss rate parameter.
After step S3 acquisition steam bubble amasss rate, liquid phase fluid volume occupation rate, this liquid phase fluid can be calculated
It is 1 that the steam bubble of volume occupation rate and vapor phase fluid amasss the summation of rate.Can calculate according to following formula (1) further
The flow velocity V of vapor phase fluidgo:
Vgo=Vg×ae=Wg/So(1)；
And the flow velocity V of liquid phase fluid is calculated according to following formula (2)lo:
Vlo=Vl(1-ae)=Wl/So (2)。
Wherein, aeRate, 1-a is amassed for steam bubbleeFor liquid phase fluid volume occupation rate, WgFor vapor phase fluid
Weight, WlFor the weight of liquid phase fluid, SoAmass for cross section of fluid channel, Vg、VlIt is respectively vapor phase fluid and liquid phase
The mean flow rate of fluid.
It is to be appreciated that the thermophysical parameter of the rate of heat dissipation of heat-generating units 21 and gas (vapor phase fluid) and
Flow velocity is relevant.If gas thermophysical parameter is it is known that such as temperature, thermal conductivity etc., then the dissipating of heat-generating units 21
Heating rate is directly proportional to flow velocity.It is in Two-Phase Flow Field, when gas takes away the heat of heat-generating units 21 equal to place
During the heat that heat-generating units 21 sends in fluid media (medium) 10, fluid media (medium) 10 can take away heat-generating units 21
Heat.When reaching thermal balance, rate of heat dissipation Q of heat-generating units 21RHeat absorption rate Q with fluid media (medium) 10
It is equal, it may be assumed that QR=Q.
Wherein, Q=aeF, QR=ae F(TR-TF)；
Q is uniform heat flow, it may be assumed that
Then:
Wherein, F is the area of dissipation of heat-generating units 21, TRTemperature, T for heat-generating units 21FFor fluid
The temperature of medium 10, VgMean flow rate, V for vapor phase fluidlMean flow rate for liquid phase fluid.By formula
(3), formula (4) can calculate the flow velocity V of vapor phase fluid in substituting into above-mentioned formula (1), formula (2) respectivelygo
Flow velocity V with liquid phase fluidlo。
In engineering calculation, the fluid property parameter always according to the fluid media (medium) used is calculated.
After obtaining the flow velocity of fluid, fluid flow in pipeline, resistance pressure drop can be drawn, thus according to
Different pipeline pressures use different fluid medium to conduct heat.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention, not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, every profit
The equivalent structure made by description of the invention and accompanying drawing content or equivalence flow process conversion, or directly or indirectly transport
It is used in other relevant technical fields, is the most in like manner included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. in a two-phase fluid, steam bubble amasss the measurement equipment of rate, it is characterised in that include for accommodating stream
The airtight casing (1) of body medium (10), carry out heating to be formed at institute by described fluid media (medium) (10)
State the fluid-mixing with vehicle repair major of fluid media (medium) (10) ullage heater (2) and
The count measurement device that steam bubble volume occupation rate in described fluid-mixing is measured, described heater
(2) it is arranged in described casing (1), the described casing (1) of described fluid media (medium) (10) ullage
Interior space forms the runner (11) passed through for described fluid-mixing, and described count measurement device is arranged on described
Runner (11) outside；
This measurement equipment also includes the condensation that the vapor phase fluid in described fluid-mixing is cooled to liquid phase fluid
Device (4), described condenser (4) is arranged on described casing (1) inner top, and described runner (11) is positioned at
Between described fluid media (medium) (10) liquid level and described condenser (4)；
Described casing (1) include being sequentially connected from top to bottom connect containing portion (12), throughput (13) with
And cooling end (14), described heater (2) is arranged in described containing portion (12), described condenser
(4) being arranged in described cooling end (14), the interior space of described throughput (13) is formed for described mixed
The described runner (11) that interflow body passes through；The internal diameter of described throughput (13) is less than described containing portion (12)
Internal diameter with cooling end (14)；
Described count measurement device includes for producing the X-ray x ray generator by described fluid-mixing
(31) and for receiving the G-M counter tube (32) of described X-ray, described x ray generator (31)
It is positioned at described runner (11) outer opposite sides with G-M counter tube (32).
In two-phase fluid the most according to claim 1, steam bubble amasss the measurement equipment of rate, it is characterised in that
This measurement equipment also includes that the described liquid phase fluid that condensed device (4) is cooled into is led back to institute by least one
State the return duct (5) of casing (1) bottom；One end of described return duct (5) is connected to described casing (1)
Top and be positioned at the lower section of described condenser (4), the other end is connected to the bottom of described casing (1).
In two-phase fluid the most according to claim 1, steam bubble amasss the measurement equipment of rate, it is characterised in that
This measurement equipment also includes the piezometer (6) measuring described casing (1) interior pressure.
In two-phase fluid the most according to claim 3, steam bubble amasss the measurement equipment of rate, it is characterised in that
Described piezometer (6) is mercury gauge, and the interface end of this mercury gauge is communicated to described casing (1)
In, and it is positioned at the ullage of described fluid media (medium) (10).
In two-phase fluid the most according to claim 1, steam bubble amasss the measurement equipment of rate, it is characterised in that
The described fluid-mixing being additionally provided with in observing described runner (11) on described casing (1) passes through situation
Observation window.
6. in a two-phase fluid, steam bubble amasss the measuring method of rate, it is characterised in that use claim 1-5
In two-phase fluid described in any one, steam bubble amasss the measurement equipment realization of rate, and this measuring method includes following step
Rapid:
S1, fluid media (medium) (10) is loaded in airtight casing (1)；
Heater (2) work in S2, described casing (1), heats described fluid media (medium) (10)
Forming the fluid-mixing with vehicle repair major, described fluid-mixing is positioned on described fluid media (medium) (10) liquid level
Side, and flow to described casing (1) top by runner (11)；
The count measurement device in S3, described runner (11) outside mixes by the described of described runner (11)
Steam bubble volume occupation rate in the body of interflow measures, thus the steam bubble obtained in two-phase fluid amasss rate.
In two-phase fluid the most according to claim 6, steam bubble amasss the measuring method of rate, it is characterised in that
In described step S2, successively the temperature of fluid media (medium) (10) is at least controlled by heater (2)
Bear under evaporation boiling temperature under initial evaporation point temperature, under rated heat input, rated heat load and 1.4 times of specified heat
Under lotus under boiling temperature；In described step S3, count measurement device is successively at different described temperature
Steam bubble volume occupation rate measures；
In described step S2, use steam heater or resistive heating device to described fluid media (medium)
(10) heat；
In described step S2, flow to the vapor phase fluid in the fluid-mixing at described casing (1) top cold
It is condensed into liquid phase fluid under the cooling effect of condenser (4), and is back to described casing by return duct (5)
(1) inner bottom part.
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| JPS58100704A (en) * | 1981-12-11 | 1983-06-15 | Nippon Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Measuring apparatus of gas-liquid two phase flow |
| US6097786A (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 2000-08-01 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for measuring multiphase flows |
| CN1332183C (en) * | 2005-08-10 | 2007-08-15 | 陈宇 | Fluid flow rate detector |
| EP2474816A1 (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-07-11 | Services Pétroliers Schlumberger | An apparatus for measuring at least one characteristic value of a multiphase fluid mixture |
| CN103207211B (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2015-09-02 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of liquid metal two-phase flow void fraction measurement mechanism and measuring method |
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