WO2007016865A1 - Dispositif servant a mesurer le debit d'un ecoulement - Google Patents

Dispositif servant a mesurer le debit d'un ecoulement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007016865A1
WO2007016865A1 PCT/CN2006/001977 CN2006001977W WO2007016865A1 WO 2007016865 A1 WO2007016865 A1 WO 2007016865A1 CN 2006001977 W CN2006001977 W CN 2006001977W WO 2007016865 A1 WO2007016865 A1 WO 2007016865A1
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Prior art keywords
flow
detector
phase
detection
phase fraction
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PCT/CN2006/001977
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Yu Chen
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Yu Chen
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Publication of WO2007016865A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007016865A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • G01F1/363—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction with electrical or electro-mechanical indication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/666—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters by detecting noise and sounds generated by the flowing fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/74—Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flow rate detecting device based on pressure detection, and more particularly, the present invention pertains to a device for detecting flow rate by detecting a pressure fluctuation amount value generated by a throttling device, and when the fluid is a plurality of two phases
  • the device is particularly suitable for flow or three-phase flow.
  • the traditional throttling differential flowmeter uses the throttling differential pressure characteristic of fluid flow to detect its flow characteristics. It has been successfully applied in industry for more than 100 years, and its global sales volume has long been the first among various flow meters. , reaching more than 50% of the total meter.
  • the throttling differential flowmeter is based on the Bernoulli equation and the flow continuity equation.
  • the fluid filled with the pipe when it flows through the throttling device in the pipe, the fluid will form a partial contraction at the throttle, so that the flow rate increases, the static pressure decreases, and a pressure difference is generated before and after the throttling device.
  • the difference is proportional to the square of the flow, which measures the flow based on the differential pressure.
  • the throttling differential flowmeter has many advantages, but its shortcomings are urgently needed to be improved - one is a narrow range. Since the detected differential pressure signal and the fluid flow are squared, it is usually difficult to ensure a certain flow detection accuracy, and the range is usually more than 3: 1-4: 1.
  • the throttling differential pressure piping is prone to failure.
  • This pipe is connected between the throttling device and the differential pressure transmitter, which is a weak link, which is prone to blockage, leakage, corrosion, freezing, signal distortion and other faults.
  • the fault caused by the impulse pipeline accounts for more than 70% of the total.
  • the second type is gas-solid mixed two-phase flow, such as coal powder, grain and chemical raw material particles that are pneumatically transported.
  • a corresponding flow detection patent is disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,726,235.
  • the third type is a liquid-liquid mixed two-phase flow, such as an oil-water mixture produced in an oil well.
  • the corresponding flow detection patents are US Patent No. 6755086.
  • the fourth category is solid-liquid mixed two-phase flow, such as paper pulp, coal-water slurry using hydraulic conveying, and chemical raw material slurry.
  • a corresponding flow detection patent is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,484,478.
  • the fifth category is the three-phase flow of oil and gas, that is, the mixed fluid of crude oil, associated gas and mineralized water produced by oil and gas wells.
  • Corresponding flow detection patents such as U.S. Patent No. 6,655,221, and Publication No. 1492216A, published as 2004
  • the conventional two-stage differential pressure type flowmeter is particularly serious in the detection environment of multi-phase flow.
  • the reason is that, on the one hand, the viscosity and density of the phase materials in the multiphase fluid tend to vary greatly, and when the interface between the two materials passes through the throttling device, a large amount of throttling differential pressure fluctuation occurs. In this case, you must select a differential pressure sensor with a large range to withstand this section.
  • the impact of the flow differential pressure does not cause permanent damage, and if the range is too large, the detection accuracy under normal conditions where the throttle differential pressure is relatively small cannot be ensured.
  • gas or solids are often mixed in the multiphase flow, which in turn poses an inevitable serious threat to the pressure transfer function of the pressure line.
  • the conventional throttle differential pressure flowmeter like other types of flowmeters, cannot be effectively used to solve the technical problem of multiphase flow detection.
  • the second is to develop linear orifice plates to broaden the range.
  • the linear orifice plate also known as the elastically loaded variable-area variable indenter orifice plate, has a curved conical plug that moves back and forth under the action of differential pressure and spring force, so that the pore area automatically changes with the flow rate, and the change of the pore causes The differential pressure output signal or the displacement output signal is linear with the flow rate, thereby expanding the range.
  • the third is to shorten the pressure piping, and integrate the throttling device and the differential pressure transmitter to form an integrated throttle differential pressure flowmeter, which reduces potential leakage points of the pipeline, improves overall reliability, improves dynamic characteristics, and facilitates installation. use.
  • the technical solution described in the U.S. Patent No. 6,776,054, and the Chinese Patent Application Publication No. Application No. 98,239, 368, filed on November 10, 1999).
  • the reaction speed of any pressure sensor has a limit.
  • the detection result will have a large deviation, and the true fluctuation value cannot be correctly reflected.
  • This limit is called the frequency response of the sensor.
  • conventional differential pressure sensors have been difficult to achieve accurate detection of pressure signals with frequencies greater than 5 kHz.
  • the traditional method of installing the impulse line is also difficult to ensure accurate detection of high-frequency pressure signals, because the pressure line itself constitutes a larger chamber, when there is a medium that can be compressed inside. There is a spring-like elastic effect, which is difficult to effectively transmit high-frequency pressure signals.
  • the present invention can take a different approach in the detection principle, abandoning the Bernoulli equation, and instead based on the direct relationship between the magnitude of the differential pressure fluctuation and the flow rate, the reason is that the use of the dynamic pressure sensor is found.
  • the method of accurately detecting the value of the differential pressure fluctuation of the throttling is found, and the exact relationship between the fluctuation value of the throttling differential pressure and the flow rate is found. It is proposed that the flow rate of the differential pressure fluctuation according to the single-phase flow can effectively detect the flow rate.
  • the nature of the present invention belongs to the elemental replacement invention because, in comparison with the conventional throttle differential flowmeter, the difference in the mechanical structure is that only two dynamic pressure sensors are used instead of one.
  • Traditional differential pressure sensor Traditional differential pressure sensor. It should be noted that this is definitely not a simple equivalent replacement. The reason is: The detection purpose of the two pressure detection methods is completely different. It is impossible to accurately detect the differential pressure fluctuation value using the traditional differential pressure sensor. The high frequency component in the middle, and the dynamic pressure sensor selected by the present invention is also impossible to detect the steady state magnitude of the throttle differential pressure. Since 1886, American Herschel has used venturi control as a practical device for measuring water flow.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a flow rate detecting device which can accurately detect a throttle differential pressure fluctuation amount of a fluid and further detect a flow rate of the fluid based thereon.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a flow detecting device.
  • the measured fluid is a gas-liquid, gas-solid, liquid-liquid, solid-liquid two-phase flow and a three-phase flow of oil and gas, which are common in various industrial processes mentioned above.
  • a targeted configuration can be selected from the flow detection devices to adapt to different site requirements, and the online non-separation detection of the flow of each phase of the multi-phase flow can be realized economically and effectively.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is based on the following principle: For detecting any physical quantity in nature, the detection result within a period of time actually includes two parts, one of which is the mean value and the other is the fluctuation value, which is usually detected.
  • the result should be the result of the superposition of these two magnitudes. In extreme cases, only one of the two magnitudes has practical significance. For example, the weight of an object is continuously detected multiple times over a period of time. Since each test will inevitably have a small amount of error, resulting in a test result. An approximately random fluctuation is presented near a certain mean value. However, the fluctuation value of the detection result can be ignored, and only the mean value is meaningful, because the fluctuation value is mainly the error introduced by each detection, and it is meaningless.
  • the voltage of the alternating current is detected for a period of time, and the mean value of the detection result is substantially zero, meaningless, and only the frequency and amplitude of the fluctuation value are meaningful.
  • the test results are usually between the above two extreme detection examples, that is, in the test results. Both the mean value and the fluctuation value have practical meaning, or Both the mean magnitude and the volatility value in the results contain useful information at the same time.
  • the values of the fluctuations of the pressure at the two detection points, respectively, are the magnitudes that change with time, and their average values during this time are all zero;
  • YA is the mean value of the differential pressure of the throttling, due to it It is also the average value during this time, so it is the value that does not change with time during this time;
  • YD (t) is the fluctuation value of the throttling differential pressure, it is the magnitude that changes with time, and it is The average value during this time is also zero.
  • the mean value of the throttle differential pressure is equal to the mean of the pressure at the two detection points.
  • the throttle differential pressure fluctuation amount is equal to the difference between the fluctuation magnitudes of the pressures at the two detection points. According to this, it is feasible to use dynamic pressure sensor to detect the value of the differential pressure fluctuation of the throttling. The reasons are as follows:
  • Dynamic pressure sensors are designed to accurately and efficiently detect fluctuations in pressure, making it difficult to accurately and efficiently detect steady-state values of pressure. It is characterized by a sensitivity to the magnitude of the pressure fluctuations and is not sensitive to the mean value of the pressure. In other words, the dynamic pressure sensor is based on the detection of the pressure mean value, and the better detection of the pressure fluctuation value.
  • the currently used dynamic pressure sensors are mainly dynamic pressure sensors based on the principle of crystal piezoelectric, ceramic piezoelectric principle, coil plus permanent magnet principle or optical fiber measurement principle.
  • the technical idea of the present invention is as follows: First, it is proposed that the flow rate information of the fluid flow is not only present in the mean value of the throttle differential pressure, but also exists in the fluctuation amount of the throttle differential pressure.
  • the mean value of the throttling differential pressure is not detected, and only the detection of the throttling differential pressure fluctuation value can also achieve the goal of flow detection.
  • the value of the differential pressure fluctuation caused by the multiphase fluid tends to be larger than that of the single-phase fluid. The magnitude of the differential pressure fluctuation is much larger.
  • the above-described flow detection method based on the value of the differential pressure fluctuation is more advantageous and potential for detecting multiphase flow.
  • two dynamic pressure sensors are used to detect the value of the throttling differential pressure fluctuation.
  • the basic idea of this detection method is to improve the differential pressure for throttling by sacrificing the detection effect of the mean value of the throttling differential pressure.
  • the detection effect of the fluctuation amount is more accurate and bandwidth-intensive than conventional differential pressure sensors, and completely eliminate the various failures that may be caused by the impulse line.
  • phase fraction detector for the main differences in the physical properties of the phase components of the fluid to be tested, a targeted selection is made from various phase fraction detectors based on different operating principles, and The phase fraction detector thus selected is disposed in the vicinity of the portion of the throttle device where the cross-sectional area of the fluid flow channel is the smallest, such that each segment of the flow channel flows through the portion where the phase fraction detector is disposed.
  • the detection of the majority phase fraction detector can be obtained at the same time, or each phase of the fluid in the flow channel can be sequentially obtained in the shortest time to obtain the majority phase fraction detection when flowing through the portion where the phase fraction detector is disposed.
  • the detection of the device can further improve the accuracy and reliability of the flow detecting device for the two-phase flow detection, and can realize the online non-separating flow detection for the three-phase flow.
  • the flow detecting device is constituted by a closed passage having a fluid flow inside, and a detecting channel is arranged on the detecting channel, and the sensor combination is composed of at least two sensors, and the output of at least two sensors in the sensor combination is The signal is introduced into an electronic device, and the fluid flow is obtained by the electronic device.
  • the flow detecting device is characterized in that: the sensor combination includes at least two dynamic pressure sensors, and the dynamic pressure sensor is accurate. Designed to effectively detect fluctuations in pressure, it is difficult to accurately and efficiently detect steady-state values of pressure; at least two dynamic pressure sensors are arranged at a distance along the direction of fluid flow; Between the two dynamic pressure sensors arranged at a distance, the cross-sectional area of the detection channel changes, and the flow velocity of the fluid changes accordingly.
  • a first improvement of the present invention is to add a phase fraction detector to the flow rate detecting device of the above basic technical solution, and the phase fraction detector may be any one of the following eight phase fraction detectors.
  • the phase fraction detector may be any one of the following eight phase fraction detectors.
  • the phase fraction detector is disposed near a portion of the throttle device where the cross-sectional area of the fluid flow path is the smallest.
  • a second improvement of the present invention is to add at least two phase fraction detectors to the flow rate detecting device of the above basic technical solution, and the phase fraction detectors can be composed of the following eight phase fraction detectors.
  • the detector groups ultrasonic detector, capacitance detector, electrical impedance detector, microwave detector, infrared detector, laser detector, X-ray detector, gamma ray detector; selected detectors have the same Or different operating principles, and having the same or different operating wavelengths; the selected phase fraction detectors are arranged centrally near the portion of the throttling device where the cross-sectional area of the fluid flow path is the smallest; at the phase separation rate Under the premise that the detectors do not interfere with each other and the spatial position allows, the center line of the effective detection area of at least 2 phase fraction detectors should be intersected at the center of the detection channel as much as possible, and the two centers should be minimized.
  • the detection of the phase fraction detectors can be obtained at the same time; or, at least under the premise that the phase fraction detectors do not interfere with each other and the spatial position permits, at least
  • the effective detection areas of the two selected phase fraction detectors are arranged in parallel in the same axial section along the flow direction of the fluid, and are minimized between the center lines of the two effective detection areas.
  • the spacing enables each phase of the detection channel to be sequentially detected by the phase fraction detectors in the shortest amount of time as it flows through the portion.
  • a third improvement of the present invention is to add a differential pressure sensor to the throttle device of the flow detecting device according to the above basic technical solution, and the two pressure tapping holes connected to the differential pressure sensor are respectively arranged to be installed The cross section of the dynamic pressure sensor.
  • the electronic device described in the technical solution of the present invention may be an analog circuit device or a digital circuit device, and its function is to receive an output signal of a dynamic pressure sensor and a phase difference detector, and perform corresponding processing to form a single The result of the flow of the phase flow or the result of the flow of each phase in the multiphase flow.
  • Circuitry for calculating and outputting flow results in various flow meters can be used to implement this function, such as various flow computers, microprocessor circuits, and hardware programmable logic circuits. If a digital circuit is selected, it usually includes an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, a data processing circuit, and an output signal. Interface and necessary display devices.
  • the invention proposes a novel flow detecting device based on the throttling device.
  • the root of the narrow range of the traditional throttling differential flowmeter is that the steady-state value of the throttling differential pressure increases with the increase of the fluid flow rate. Fast, the two are squared; while the magnitude of the fluctuation of the throttling differential pressure increases slowly and the frequency increases rapidly. Therefore, after the dynamic pressure sensor is used in place of the original differential pressure sensor, the dynamic pressure sensor is currently up to The frequency response of several hundred thousand hertz makes the range of the flow detecting device of the present invention easily and greatly expanded.
  • the flow detection device maintains the advantages of simple and firm structure, stable and reliable performance, long service life, and overcomes the traditional throttling differential pressure, because the original pressure-inducing pipeline is eliminated.
  • the narrow range of the flowmeter and the trouble of the impulse piping are easy to eliminate, and the antifreeze isolators and condensers that are necessary in some cases can be eliminated.
  • the flow detecting device abandons the conventional throttle differential pressure flowmeter from the throttling differential pressure
  • the flow information contained in the values is more reliable and rich, so that reliable and economical online non-separation detection of the flow of each phase of the two-phase flow can be realized.
  • the flow information mining method used by the flow detecting device converts the flow calculation problem into an extremum problem of the objective function, when it is necessary to further improve the detection effect of the two-phase flow rate, or need to detect some three-phase
  • a flow such as a three-phase flow of oil and gas
  • the objective function Add the item corresponding to the new phase fraction detector.
  • the detection device can further improve the detection effect of the two-phase flow, but also can realize the online non-separation detection of the oil-gas-water three-phase flow.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention taken along line B-B of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 8 of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a first embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 is a fluid inlet end and 7 is a fluid outlet end, and the detection passage is composed of a front straight pipe section 2, an orifice plate 16 and a rear straight pipe section 6 in this order.
  • the two piezoelectric dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9 are spaced apart along the flow direction, and are respectively disposed in the front straight pipe section 2 and the rear straight pipe section 6, and the pressure sensitive end faces are flush with the inner surface of the fluid flow passage as much as possible to avoid interference. Fluid flow.
  • the piezoelectric dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9 are connected by cables to an electronic device 36, which supplies operating power to the dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9 and stores the two voltage output signals, and then outputs the two voltages.
  • the signal is filtered and compared to obtain the fluctuation value of the throttling differential pressure. Finally, the fluctuation value is used as the basis for obtaining the fluid flow.
  • the configuration of Embodiment 1 can be used for flow detection of various single-phase fluids. The detection process is as follows: In the first step, the calibration test of the flow detection device is performed, and several flow values are selected within the range of the range. The real-flow calibration, in each flow condition, the output signals of the two dynamic pressure sensors are continuously recorded for 10 seconds. The second step is to perform the calibration calculation work.
  • the third step is to conduct on-site flow detection. At this time, it is only necessary to directly compare the spectral density obtained on-line with the relationship obtained in the calibration process, and the final result of the flow can be obtained.
  • Embodiment 1 This configuration can also detect various gas-liquid two-phase flows, such as: condensate gas flow, gas flow that is easy to liquefy, liquid flow that is easy to vaporize, and the like.
  • gas-liquid two-phase flows such as: condensate gas flow, gas flow that is easy to liquefy, liquid flow that is easy to vaporize, and the like.
  • the following is an example of the detection of the flow rate and dryness of the water vapor with water as an example.
  • water vapor As a heat source, water vapor is widely used in modern industry. Its dryness is an important indicator for safety production and various process effects.
  • the thermal oil recovery technology that injects high-temperature steam into the oil layer has been in existence for decades, and the detection of the dryness value of the high-temperature steam used is very important, directly affecting crude oil production, energy consumption, operating costs, and steam injection boilers. Safe to run. Therefore, it is very important to economically and efficiently detect the simultaneous flow and dryness of water vapor.
  • This configuration is used to detect water vapor with water as follows:
  • the first step is to define the representative parameters of the multiphase flow.
  • the second step is to design three frequency bands of 10Hz to 100Hz, 100Hz to 1000Hz, 1000Hz using the firl function in the MATLAB software package.
  • the third step is to use the filter function in the MATLAB software package to properly filter the two dynamic pressure sensor output signals S1 and S2. The purpose of this filtering is to eliminate 50Hz.
  • the nonlinear interpolation method is used to obtain the relationship between PA, PB, PC and total volume flow rate Q and volume gas content G:
  • PA fl (Q, G);
  • PB f2 (Q , G),
  • PC f3 (Q, G) ;
  • the fifth step is to conduct on-site flow detection.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the detecting passage is constituted by a throttling device similar to a venturi, and the throttling device is sequentially composed of a front straight pipe section 2, a front shifting pipe section 3, and a throat 4
  • the rear shifting tube segment 5, 1 is a fluid inlet end
  • 7 is a fluid outlet end, and is made of an insulating material.
  • the portion of the throttle device where the cross-sectional area of the fluid flow passage is the smallest is the throat 4.
  • the sensors configured on this throttling device also have the following features:
  • the two piezoelectric dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9 are spaced apart along the flow direction, respectively disposed in the front straight pipe section 2 and the throat 4 upstream of the front shifting pipe section 3, and the pressure sensitive end face and the inside of the fluid flow path
  • the surface should be as flat as possible to avoid disturbing fluid flow.
  • the piezoelectric dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9 are connected to the electronic device 36 by a cable, the electronic device
  • the dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9 are provided to provide working power and collect and save the two voltage output signals, and then the two voltage output signals are filtered and compared to obtain the fluctuation value of the throttle differential pressure, and finally This fluctuation value is used as the basis for obtaining the fluid flow.
  • two capacitive phase fraction detectors are added near the inner surface of the throat 4.
  • a pair of electrodes composed of the electrodes 23, 24 and a pair of electrodes composed of the electrodes 25, 26 are embedded in the inner surface of the throat 4.
  • Two pairs of electrodes are disposed on the same cross section of the throat 4, the cross section being located near the portion of the throttle device where the cross sectional area of the fluid flow passage is the smallest, and each pair of electrodes is symmetrically arranged at the axis of the fluid flow passage On both sides of the line, the two center lines of the two pairs of electrodes intersect perpendicularly at one point.
  • an insulating layer is added on the surface of the electrode contacting the fluid, and the inner surface of the throat 4 is kept as long as it remains embedded in the shape of the electrode after embedding the four electrodes without affecting the fluid passing through.
  • the four electrodes are connected to the electronic device 36 by a cable.
  • the two pairs of electrodes are respectively connected to two AD7745 chips of the ANALOG DEVICES company, which is a dedicated capacitor-digital conversion chip, only for the chip Providing a 5V power supply, the capacitance value connected between the electrodes of the two pins can be directly converted into a digital quantity, and the digital quantity is supplied to the data processing circuit inside the electronic device through the I2C interface, so as to Collect and save and calculate processing.
  • the ANALOG DEVICES company which is a dedicated capacitor-digital conversion chip, only for the chip Providing a 5V power supply
  • the capacitance value connected between the electrodes of the two pins can be directly converted into a digital quantity, and the digital quantity is supplied to the data processing circuit inside the electronic device through the I2C interface, so as to Collect and save and calculate processing.
  • Capacitive phase fraction detectors are detected using the difference in dielectric constant of a substance.
  • the high-frequency excitation voltage of 30KHz to 300MHz is introduced through the electrodes on both sides of the pipeline of the multi-phase fluid to detect the capacitance between the electrodes, and the size of the capacitor is completely dependent on the dielectric constant of the fluid between the electrodes, when multi-phase
  • the frequency of the high frequency excitation voltage is selected to be 30 kHz.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line A-A of Figure 2, of the second embodiment of the present invention; the electrode pairs 23, 24 and electrode pairs 25, 26 can be clearly seen in the figure. Relative position.
  • two ultrasonic transducers 11, 12 are added near the inner surface of the throat 4, which are located exactly on a line obliquely through the throat 4, which is located at the fluid flow channel axis where the electrodes 23, 24 are located. In the cross section, and the straight line passes through the intersection of the two center lines of the two pairs of electrodes.
  • the sensing faces of the two ultrasonic transducers 11, 12 are parallel to each other and correspond to each other so that the ultrasonic transducer 12 can efficiently receive the ultrasonic waves emitted from the ultrasonic transducer 11.
  • the ultrasonic transducers 11, 12 are also connected to the electronic device 36 by a cable.
  • the electronic device includes a Panametrics 5072PR ultrasonic pulse transmitting receiver, which can provide a pulse excitation voltage of 0-40V for the ultrasonic transducer 11 to emit.
  • the ultrasonic pulse having a frequency of 2 MHz can simultaneously perform corresponding amplification processing on the ultrasonic voltage signal received by the ultrasonic transducer 12. Then, the signal is input into the electronic device 36 for acquisition and storage, and compared with the pulse signal emitted by the ultrasonic transducer 11, the result of the intensity change of the ultrasonic wave after passing through the multiphase fluid and the flight time of the ultrasonic wave are obtained.
  • the ultrasonic transducers 11, 12 are all part of a phase difference detector based on ultrasonic waves.
  • This phase fraction detector is detected by the difference in intensity and speed when ultrasonic waves propagate through the material.
  • the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic wave in the medium is approximately proportional to the density of the medium, so the flight time of the ultrasonic wave between the two transducers is related to the density of the medium passing through.
  • ultrasonic waves penetrate complex media structures such as bubbles or liquid blocks, their strength is significantly attenuated by reflection and refraction, and the degree of attenuation is related to the particle size of the medium through which they pass.
  • the two variables of the time-of-flight and intensity variation of the ultrasonic wave between the two transducers are directly related to the phase fraction of the fluid medium between the transducers, when the phase components of the fluid are detected.
  • the detection of the two variables can achieve the detection of the phase fraction.
  • the operating frequency of the ultrasonic wave When used for phase fractionation detection, when the fluid to be detected contains gas, the operating frequency of the ultrasonic wave is selected between 0.5 MHz and 5 MHz. When the fluid to be detected does not contain gas, the operating frequency of the ultrasonic wave is selected to be 2 0MHz to 20 legs between z.
  • the specific choice of frequency should be considered in consideration of the following factors: First, the detection part often has low-frequency flow noise that is independent of the phase separation rate. To select a lower frequency, the signal power must be increased to obtain a satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio. Each phase separation rate check The measurement must wait for the ultrasonic signal emitted by the last phase separation detection to be sufficiently attenuated.
  • the frequency of the phase separation detection will be difficult to increase because the attenuation is much slower than that of the high frequency ultrasonic wave.
  • the signal with high frequency has a strong attenuation effect, and the received signal will be very weak and it is difficult to ensure accuracy.
  • the size of the usual phase separation rate mainly depends on the coarse mixed structure existing in the detection part, such as a large size. Liquid blocks or bubbles, but they tend to coexist with finely mixed structures such as small diameter bubbles or droplets. Signals with excessive frequency are too sensitive to these fine hybrid structures, which tends to cause large phase fraction detection errors.
  • the capacitive phase fraction detector comprising the electrode pairs 23, 24 is arranged in the same axial section as the ultrasonic phase fraction detector comprising the ultrasonic transducers 11, 12, and in order to make the two phases
  • the effective detection areas of the fraction detectors overlap as much as possible, and the center line of the effective detection area of the two phase fraction detectors intersects at the center of the detection channel under the premise that mutual interference and spatial position are allowed. And the angle between the two centerlines has been minimized.
  • Such a structural design allows each of the fluids in the flow channel to be detected by the two phase fraction detectors at the same time as they flow through the portion.
  • Embodiment 2 can be used for flow detection of a plurality of three-phase flows.
  • the three-phase flow of oil and gas which is common in the oil and gas industry. Since the products of most oil and gas wells often contain three components of crude oil, natural gas and mineralized water, it is economically effective to conduct on-line non-separation detection of the flow of each phase of the oil and gas wells for reservoir management, mining process optimization and production. Process monitoring and so on are of great importance. However, until now, this detection has been basically realized by a separator, and the precision is inefficient, and there is an urgent need for a detection device that does not need to be separated automatically.
  • Embodiment 2 This configuration is used to detect the three-phase flow of oil, gas and water as follows:
  • the first step is to define the representative parameters of the multiphase flow.
  • For the three-phase flow of oil and gas there are three parameters: total volume flow ⁇ volume gas content G and liquid volume volume water content W.
  • a plurality of different combinations of Q, G, and W are selected in a range of the total volume flow rate Q to perform a real-flow calibration experiment of the flow detecting device.
  • two dynamic pressure sensors 8 are The output signals S1 and S2 of 9, the capacitances C1 and C2 between the two pairs of electrodes, and the output signal U1 of the ultrasonic transducer 12 total five digital quantities for 10 seconds of continuous acquisition and recording and storage; the second step, The bandpass filters FA, FB, and FC with frequency bands of 10 Hz to 100 Hz, 100 Hz to 1000 Hz, and 1000 Hz to 10000 Hz are designed by using the fir 1 function in the MATLAB software package. The third step is to use the filter function in the MATLAB software package.
  • DA, DB, DC finally use the periodogram function in the MATLAB software package to calculate and store the three spectral results DA, DB, DC spectral density values PA, PB, PC.
  • the fourth step calculates the average value P1, P2 of the capacitance CI, C2 detection results and the average value P3 of the ultrasonic transducer output signal strength under each combined condition.
  • the function interpolation is performed, and the interpolation relationship is used to obtain the relationship between PA, PB, PC, Pl, P2, P3 and the total volume flow rate Q, the volume gas content G and the liquid volume volume water content W:
  • PA f 1 (Q, G, W) ;
  • PB f2 (Q, G, W),
  • PC f 3 (Q, G, W),
  • Pl gl (Q, G, W),
  • the sixth step is to conduct on-site flow detection.
  • the final result of the total volume flow rate Q, the volume gas content rate G and the liquid phase volume moisture content W can be obtained by minimizing the optimization function of the objective function M. So far, the detection problem has been transformed into the extreme value of the objective function M. Problem, and This ancient mathematical problem is currently available in a large number of very mature mathematical algorithms and software packages that can be easily selected. Here we use the fminimax function in the MATLAB software package to obtain the final result of the total volume flow rate Q, the volumetric gas content rate G and the liquid phase volumetric moisture content W.
  • Embodiment 2 can also realize on-line non-separation detection of the flow rates of the respective phases. Moreover, in the case where the performance requirements such as accuracy are not very high, or the price tolerance is limited, Embodiment 2 can be further simplified, and the ultrasonic phase fraction detector and the capacitive phase fraction detection used in the technical solution are cancelled. Only another capacitor phase fraction detector can be reserved, and the flow detection of each phase of the above multiphase flow can also be realized. The only difference in the detection process is that the items in the objective function M corresponding to the canceled phase fraction detector are also cancelled.
  • Embodiment 3 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention. It can be seen that this embodiment is identical to the partial structure of Embodiment 2. This part of the same structure will not be repeated here, and the details are as follows. Differences in implementations:
  • the ultrasonic phase fraction detector and the capacitance phase fraction detector in Embodiment 2 are eliminated, and the throttle device can be manufactured without using an insulating material.
  • the infrared phase fraction detector generally operates on the principle that when the infrared light is irradiated onto the substance, the object absorbs light of a specific wavelength according to its composition.
  • the absorption band in the infrared band has 1.5 wavelengths of 1. 2 micrometers, 1. 45 micrometers, 1. 94 micrometers, 2. 6 micrometers, and 6 micrometers, and water molecules have obvious absorption for infrared radiation of these wavelengths. effect. This absorption is caused by a resonance phenomenon caused by a combination of stretching and angular vibration of water molecules.
  • the effective detection regions of the two infrared phase fraction detectors are juxtaposed in the same axial direction in close proximity to each other along the flow direction of the fluid, without prejudging each other and allowing spatial position.
  • the spacing between the centerlines of the effective detection areas of the two phase fraction detectors has been reduced as much as possible.
  • the operating wavelengths of the pair of infrared emitting tubes 17 and the fring outer line receiving tubes 19 are selected to be 1.94 ⁇ m, and the operating wavelengths of the other pair of the infrared emitting tubes 18 and the infrared receiving tubes 20 are selected as 1. 81 microns.
  • infrared light with a wavelength of 1.94 microns is easily absorbed by moisture, while infrared light with a wavelength of 1.81 microns is used as a contrast wavelength.
  • the transmission power of the infrared radiation tubes 17, 18 is constant, the ratio P between the output signals of the infrared receiving tubes 19, 20 is obtained, and the ratio P is the detection result of the water content.
  • the above scheme can improve the accuracy of water content detection.
  • the throat 4 also needs to be provided with an infrared absorber as an inner liner for eliminating the influence of infrared reflected waves.
  • Embodiment 3 can be used for flow and water content detection of water-containing condensate and other two-phase streams containing moisture.
  • the detection process is similar to that of Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 4 of the present invention, and it can be seen that the embodiment and the part of Embodiment 2 are The structure is identical, and the completely identical structure will not be repeated here. The differences between the two embodiments are described in detail below:
  • the throttling device can be made without an insulating material, the ultrasonic transducers 11, 12 near the inner surface of the throat 4 are changed in spatial position, and an ultrasonic transducer 13 is additionally provided, which is exchanged with ultrasonic waves.
  • the energy device 11 is directly coupled through the tube wall or directly coupled by other coupling materials to directly receive the ultrasonic signal from the ultrasonic transducer 11 that does not pass through the fluid, and to pass through the fluid received by the ultrasonic transducer 12.
  • the subsequent signals are compared to determine the intensity change and flight time. Inside the electronics, this comparison was achieved using the AD8302 chip from ANALOG DEVICES.
  • the signal after passing through the fluid received by the ultrasonic transducer 12 and the signal received by the ultrasonic transducer 13 without passing through the fluid are respectively connected to the two inputs of the ANALOG DEVICES AD8302 chip, which is dedicated high.
  • the frequency signal strength and phase comparison chip only need to provide a 5V power supply for the chip, the intensity and phase of the high frequency electrical signal connected to the two pins can be compared, and the comparison result is converted into two 0. 03V
  • the voltage signal to 1.8Yd is then supplied to an analog-to-digital conversion circuit inside the electronic device to perform acquisition and storage and calculation processing on the analog quantity. Based on the frequency of the ultrasonic wave and the detected phase difference signal, the flight time result of the ultrasonic wave can be calculated.
  • the microwave phase fraction detector works on the principle that: when electromagnetic waves propagate in a medium, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave usually changes due to the influence of the medium through which it passes, and the change and the frequency of the electromagnetic wave and the dielectric properties of the medium have Direct relationship. Most of the phase fraction detectors currently used in industrial processes are designed using this type of relationship.
  • the microwave wavelength can be selected from 1 mm to 1 m.
  • the operating wavelength can be any one of the following four wavelength groups: 33cm, 16.7cm, 15.8cm, 12cra, because these wavelengths are used in the microwave communication industry.
  • the corresponding microwave hardware devices and signal processing chips have high cost performance due to the large amount of use, and the corresponding data processing algorithms and software are extremely rich, as long as the shielding of external microwave signals is done on the device to prevent foreign objects.
  • the interference, these hardware and software can be quickly and easily transferred to the field of traffic detection, showing great potential.
  • Another preferred mode of wavelength is 3 cm, because the salinity of the water has a greater influence on the detection result below this frequency range, and above this frequency range, the reflection effect of the aforementioned mixed structure in the fluid is enhanced, and the influence is enhanced.
  • the microwave wavelength is selected to be 15.8 cm.
  • the microwave phase fraction detector comprises two microwave antennas 14, 15.
  • the microwave signals generated by the microwave signal source 31 are respectively output to the electronic device 36 and the microwave antenna 14, the microwave antenna 14 is used to transmit the microwave signal, and the microwave antenna 15 is configured to receive the microwave signal and output it to the electronic device 36, where the electronic device Internally, two microwave signals are respectively connected to the two inputs of the AD8302 chip of ANALOG DEVICES.
  • the chip is a dedicated frequency signal and phase comparison chip. It only needs to provide 5V power for the chip, and it can be connected to it.
  • the high-frequency electrical signals of the two pins are compared for the intensity and the phase, and the comparison result is converted into two voltage signals of 0.03 V to 1.8 V, which are then supplied to an analog-to-digital conversion circuit inside the electronic device to The analog quantity is collected and saved and calculated.
  • Embodiment 4 A cross-sectional view of Embodiment 4 is shown in Fig. 6. It can be seen that the ultrasonic phase fraction detector is disposed in the same cross section as the aforementioned microwave phase fraction detector, and does not interfere with each other and the spatial position. Under the precondition of permission, the effective detection areas of the two phase fraction detectors are arranged to overlap each other as much as possible, that is, the center lines of the effective detection areas of the two phase fraction detectors intersect at the center of the detection channel. One point, and the angle between the two centerlines has been reduced as much as possible. Such a structural design allows each of the fluids in the flow channel to pass the detection of the two phase fraction detectors at the same time as it flows through the portion.
  • Embodiment 4 can be used to detect a three-phase flow of oil and gas; the detection process is similar to that of Embodiment 2. It should be noted that this configuration of Embodiment 4 can also realize on-line non-separation detection of the flow rates of the respective phases for other multiphase fluids composed of components having a large dielectric constant or a large difference in density. And, performance requirements such as accuracy are not very In the case of high or limited price tolerance, Embodiment 4 can be further simplified, and the ultrasonic phase fraction detector or the microwave phase fraction detector used in the technical solution can be eliminated, and only the two are retained. One, the same can realize the flow detection of the above multiphase flow. The only difference in the detection process is that the items in the objective function M corresponding to the cancelled phase fraction detector are also cancelled.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 5 of the present invention. It can be seen that this embodiment is identical to the partial structure of Embodiment 2. This part of the same structure will not be repeated here. Differences in implementations:
  • a rear straight pipe section 6 is added downstream of the rear shifting pipe section 5 of the detecting passage, and the position of the piezoelectric dynamic pressure sensor 8 is changed from the front straight pipe section 2 to the rear straight pipe section 6.
  • the original two capacitive phase fraction detectors and the ultrasonic phase fraction detector were eliminated.
  • the throttling device can be fabricated without an insulating material.
  • a laser phase fraction detector is added near the inner surface of the rear shifting tube section 5.
  • the laser phase fraction detector works on the basis of the following principles: Since the laser has excellent directivity, monochromaticity and coherence, a particle size analyzer for detecting the size of a small particle is usually laser-based. In the case of multiphase flow, if one phase of the multiphase flow is fine and the mixing is relatively uniform during the flow, the use of a laser for phase fraction detection can also achieve a better effect.
  • the basic principle of the laser phase fraction detector is to generate a laser beam to illuminate the multiphase fluid to be measured. Since the small particles have a scattering effect on the laser, the more particles on the path through which the laser passes, the smaller the final detected laser intensity. This intensity reflects the particle concentration, that is, the phase fraction.
  • an X-ray phase fraction detector is added in the vicinity of the inner surface of the throat 4, including an X-ray source 27 and an X-ray detector 28.
  • X-ray refers to an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength between 30 nm and 0.01 nm. The short wavelength and excellent penetrating power make it widely available immediately after it is discovered, making it a powerful tool for medical diagnosis. Similar to gamma rays, the intensity of X-rays as they pass through the media also decreases. By detecting the intensity of the X-rays passing through the multiphase fluid, the average density information on the X-ray path can be obtained, and the phase fraction information can be obtained.
  • Embodiment 5 can be used for the detection of pulverized coal gas streams, grain gas streams, and chemical powder gas streams.
  • the detection process is similar to that of Embodiment 2.
  • Embodiment 5 can also be detected for other multiphase fluids composed of components having a large difference in density or granularity. Moreover, in the case where performance requirements such as accuracy are not very high, or the price tolerance is limited, Embodiment 5 can be further simplified, and the laser phase fraction detector or X-ray phase fraction detection used in the technical solution can be cancelled. Only one of the two can be reserved, and the traffic detection of the above multiphase flow can also be realized. The only difference in the detection process is that the items in the objective function M corresponding to the cancelled phase fraction detector are also cancelled.
  • Embodiment 6 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 6 of the present invention. It can be seen that this embodiment is identical to the partial structure of Embodiment 2. This part of the identical structure will not be repeated here. Differences in implementations:
  • the original ultrasonic phase fraction detector near the inner surface of the throat 4 is replaced by a gamma ray phase fraction detector.
  • the gamma ray phase fraction detector detects the effect of the density of the substance on the gamma ray.
  • As an electromagnetic wave radiated from the nucleus gamma ray has a strong penetrating power and is easy to realize non-contact measurement.
  • the intensity of the ray is weakened due to the photoelectric effect and the scattering effect, and the exponential law is followed between the degree of attenuation and the density of the substance.
  • the gamma ray densitometer uses this principle to measure the concentration of streams in various process flows.
  • Quantity it usually consists of the following units: gamma ray source, photoelectric converter, preamplifier, signal processor, etc.
  • the diameter of the pipe is constant, the greater the concentration of the stream, the final intensity of the gamma ray The smaller.
  • This kind of gamma ray densitometer has been widely used in the industry and has achieved good results.
  • the gamma ray generated by the gamma ray source 29 passes through the fluid, its intensity will change, and this intensity change can be detected by the gamma ray detector 30.
  • the magnitude of the intensity directly reflects the mixing density of the multiphase fluid, and the magnitude of the mixing density is directly related to the phase fraction of the multiphase fluid.
  • phase difference detector based on electrical impedance is detected by using the dielectric constant and resistivity difference of the substance.
  • the dielectric constant and resistivity change can be obtained by introducing a high-frequency excitation voltage of 30 kHz to 300 MHz on both sides of the multiphase fluid tube by detecting the current between the electrodes, if the dielectric constant of each phase in the multiphase fluid Or the difference in resistivity is large, and accordingly, information about the phase fraction can be obtained.
  • the excitation voltage frequency is typically selected from 30KHz to 300MHz.
  • the frequency of the excitation voltage is selected to be 30 kHz.
  • a pair of electrodes composed of the electrodes 23, 24 are embedded in the inner surface of the throat 4, and the two electrodes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axial line of the fluid flow path.
  • the two electrodes are connected by cable to an electronic device 36. Inside the electronic device, the two electrodes are connected to an AD5933 chip of ANALOG DEVICES, which is a dedicated electrical impedance-digital conversion chip, which only needs to be provided for the chip. With a 5V power supply, the electrical impedance value connected between the electrodes of the two pins can be directly converted into two digital quantities of the real part and the imaginary part, and the two digital quantities are supplied to the inside of the electronic device through the I2C interface. Data processing circuitry for acquisition save and computational processing.
  • Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view, taken along the line C-C shown in Fig. 8, of the sixth embodiment of the present invention; the relative positions of the electrode pairs 23, 24 can be clearly seen in the figure.
  • Embodiment 6 can be used for the detection of coal water slurry and pulp.
  • the detection process is similar to that of Embodiment 2.
  • the configuration of Embodiment 6 can also realize on-line non-separation detection of the flow rates of the respective phases.
  • Embodiment 6 can be further simplified, and the gamma ray phase fraction detector or the impedance reactance phase division used in the technical solution can be eliminated.
  • the rate detector which only retains one of the two, can also implement the flow detection of the above multiphase flow. The only difference in the detection process is that the items in the objective function M corresponding to the canceled phase difference detector are also cancelled.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 7 of the present invention. It can be seen that this embodiment is identical to the partial structure of Embodiment 1. This part of the identical structure will not be repeated here, and the two embodiments are not repeated here. The difference is that, on the wall of the throttle device, in the cross section of the dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9 respectively, a pressure guiding hole is opened, and between the two pressure guiding holes, The pressure line 32 is connected to a differential pressure sensor 35 for detecting the differential pressure of the throttle.
  • the output signal of the differential pressure sensor is connected to the electronic device 36 via a cable.
  • the electronic device can perform the collection, storage and calculation processing of the output signal of the differential pressure sensor 35 as the output signals of the dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9.
  • Embodiment 7 can be applied to any case where it is necessary to accurately detect all the information of the throttle differential pressure, and all of the information herein includes the throttle differential pressure fluctuation amount value and the throttle differential pressure average value value.
  • the previous analysis of the differential pressure sensing Although the throttle differential pressure average value can be detected very effectively, due to the limitation of the frequency response, it is generally impossible to effectively detect the high frequency portion of the throttle differential pressure fluctuation value exceeding 5 kHz.
  • the dynamic pressure sensor 8, 9 the throttle differential pressure fluctuation value and the throttle differential pressure average value can be effectively detected at the same time.
  • the differential pressure sensor 35 selects a differential pressure sensor capable of effectively detecting a differential pressure signal having a frequency below 100 Hz.
  • the sensors 8, 9 are selected from piezoelectric dynamic pressure sensors capable of effectively detecting dynamic pressure signals having a frequency between 100 Hz and 50 kHz.
  • the detection result of the differential pressure sensor 35 is filtered by a low-pass filter having a cutoff frequency of 100 Hz, and the detection results of the dynamic pressure sensors 8, 9 are performed by a high-pass filter having a cutoff frequency of 100 Hz.
  • the difference is filtered, and then the above two filtering results are added, so that a throttle differential pressure detection result with a bandwidth of 0 to 50 kHz is obtained.
  • This result is extended from 0 to 100 Hz to 0 to 50 kHz compared with the detection result of the differential pressure sensor 35 alone, which is currently impossible to achieve by other detection means.
  • the result of the throttling differential pressure fluctuation information included in the result is obviously richer, and the flow rate calculation can be performed according to the throttling differential pressure mean value and the throttling differential pressure fluctuation magnitude, respectively, and the obtained two calculation results are performed.
  • Embodiment 7 can be used for the detection of water vapor, liquefied gas streams, and easily vaporized liquid streams.
  • the detection process is similar to that of Embodiment 2.
  • phase fraction detector is selected in the embodiments shown in Figs. 3 to 9, the application range of various phase fraction detectors commonly used in the current industrial process will be further described below.
  • Table 1 lists the expected effects of the eight phase fraction detectors described above for the multiphase fluids commonly found in the following 10 industrial processes: water vapor stream, water condensate gas stream, gas stream that is easily liquefied, and easily vaporized. Liquid flow, oil-gas-water three-phase flow, pulverized coal gas flow, grain gas flow, chemical powder gas flow, coal water slurry, pulp.
  • Each column in the table represents a multiphase fluid, and each row represents a phase fraction detector. The "+” in the table indicates that it is fully applicable, the "0" indicates that it is partially applicable, and the "-" indicates that it is difficult to apply.
  • the five multiphase fluids with water vapor flow, condensate gas stream, gas stream that is easy to liquefy, liquid stream that is easy to vaporize, and chemical powder gas stream usually contain different forms of the same species.
  • the dielectric constant and resistivity of the material in different existing forms often differ greatly, and the fluid is relatively pure and the content of dirty impurities is small. Therefore, the eight phase fraction detectors can basically be applied, but only due to ultrasonic transduction. It is still difficult to withstand temperatures above 200 degrees, which makes the ultrasonic phase fraction detector not used for high temperature steam detection.
  • Throttle means, in addition to the orifice plates and venturi-like sections used in the embodiments
  • the flow device can also select nozzles, inner conical throttles and other non-standard throttling devices, as long as the purpose of changing the fluid flow rate is achieved; since each embodiment ultimately converts the flow detection problem into an extreme solution problem,
  • another additional throttling device may be connected in series, and various additional detection results obtained on the additional throttling device are introduced into the electronic device of the flow detecting device, and Corresponding items including these additional detection results are added to the objective function to improve the detection effect of the flow detecting
  • the sensor for example, the internal vibration of the coil plus permanent magnet structure
  • the sensor, the fiber pressure sensor, and the like may be used for the purpose of accurately detecting the magnitude of the high-frequency pressure fluctuation; the phase-rate detecting device may select other forms of phase separation in addition to the various phase-rate detectors used in the present embodiment.
  • the rate detector can be changed as long as the output signal of the sensor changes with the concentration of a phase in the multiphase fluid. Since all of the above variations and modifications are based on the same basic principles, they are all within the scope of the present invention.

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Abstract

Dispositif servant à mesurer le débit d'un écoulement et consistant en au moins deux capteurs de pression dynamique situés sur la trajectoire de mesure de la section transversale variable utilisée pour mesurer la valeur quantitative ondulante d'une pression différentielle limitante, ce qui est à même de mesurer le débit. Ce dispositif peut mesurer des écoulements multiples à deux phases. Quand on ajoute un dispositif de mesure de phase au dispositif de mesure de débit, ceci permet de mesurer avec une précision accrue un débit à deux phases et de mesurer également des débits à trois phases d'huile, de gaz et d'eau.
PCT/CN2006/001977 2005-08-10 2006-08-04 Dispositif servant a mesurer le debit d'un ecoulement WO2007016865A1 (fr)

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