WO2005071769A1 - 圧電素子及び積層型圧電素子 - Google Patents
圧電素子及び積層型圧電素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005071769A1 WO2005071769A1 PCT/JP2005/000655 JP2005000655W WO2005071769A1 WO 2005071769 A1 WO2005071769 A1 WO 2005071769A1 JP 2005000655 W JP2005000655 W JP 2005000655W WO 2005071769 A1 WO2005071769 A1 WO 2005071769A1
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- Prior art keywords
- piezoelectric
- site
- layer
- piezoelectric element
- internal electrode
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910020279 Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 81
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910002482 Cu–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010344 co-firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- PLFFHJWXOGYWPR-HEDMGYOXSA-N (4r)-4-[(3r,3as,5ar,5br,7as,11as,11br,13ar,13bs)-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]pentan-1-ol Chemical compound C([C@]1(C)[C@H]2CC[C@H]34)CCC(C)(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@@H]1[C@]3(C)CC[C@@H]1[C@@H](CCCO)C PLFFHJWXOGYWPR-HEDMGYOXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 during firing Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium silver Chemical compound [Pd].[Ag] SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- JCLFHZLOKITRCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-pentoxyphenol Chemical group CCCCCOC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 JCLFHZLOKITRCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/49—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/491—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates based on lead zirconates and lead titanates, e.g. PZT
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
- B41J2/14201—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements
- B41J2/14274—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements of stacked structure type, deformed by compression/extension and disposed on a diaphragm
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- C04B35/49—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates
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- C04B35/493—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates based on lead zirconates and lead titanates, e.g. PZT containing also other lead compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/853—Ceramic compositions
- H10N30/8548—Lead-based oxides
- H10N30/8554—Lead-zirconium titanate [PZT] based
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/87—Electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
- H10N30/871—Single-layered electrodes of multilayer piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices, e.g. internal electrodes
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a piezoelectric element suitable for a piezoelectric actuator and a piezoelectric transformer, and a multilayer piezoelectric element.
- Piezoelectric actuators use strain and force generated by applying a voltage as a mechanical drive source, and are used for positioning in precision machine tools, ink jet printer heads, and the like.
- a laminated piezoelectric actuator is often used in order to increase the amount of displacement per applied voltage.
- a laminated piezoelectric element used in such a piezoelectric actuator and a piezoelectric transformer is formed by mixing a ceramic material which also has a calcined powder force and a binder, and forming the obtained slurry into a sheet.
- a green sheet is formed by printing an internal electrode paste on the green sheet in a desired pattern, laminating and pressing them, and then co-firing the green sheet and the internal electrode paste. Being done.
- an Ag-Pd alloy silver-palladium alloy that is not oxidized even in a high-temperature oxidizing atmosphere and has a melting point of 1100 ° C or more is used.
- expensive noble metal materials are used.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a laminated integrated firing type electromechanical transducer using a base metal such as A1 or Cu as an internal electrode
- Patent Document 2 discloses an electromechanical conversion element as an internal electrode. It has been shown to use Cu! /.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-261343
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-255644
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has sufficient piezoelectric characteristics such as a strain rate even when inexpensive Cu is used as an electrode. It is an object of the present invention to provide a piezoelectric element and a laminated piezoelectric element having piezoelectric characteristics comparable to those when a Pd alloy is used as an electrode.
- the present invention is configured as follows.
- the piezoelectric element of the present invention is a piezoelectric element including an electrode containing Cu as a main component and a piezoelectric ceramic, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic is represented by a general formula ABO, and
- Itoko Pb a perovskite-type oxidized product containing Zr and Ti at the B site as a main component, and the B site is an axceptor element composed of a divalent metal element and a donor composed of a pentavalent metal element.
- the total molar amount of the acceptor element is a mol
- the total molar amount of the donor element is b, and 0.42 ⁇ a / b ⁇ 0.5. .
- Fe and Cr are one or more elements selected.
- the donor element is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Nb, Sb, Ta and V forces.
- the electrode has Cu as a main component and Ni.
- the multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention is a multilayer piezoelectric element in which an internal electrode layer mainly composed of Cu and a piezoelectric ceramic layer are alternately laminated, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic layer is , Represented by the general formula ABO and containing Pb at site A and Zr and Ti at site B
- a B-site containing, as a main component, a kite-type oxide, a divalent metal element and a donor element composed of a pentavalent metal element, wherein the total molar amount of the acceptor element is a mole and the donor is It is characterized by 0.42 ⁇ a / b ⁇ 0.5 when the total molar amount of the elements is b mol.
- the total molar amount of the elements contained in the A site is A mol
- the total molar amount of the elements contained in the B site is B mol
- the receptor element is one or more elements selected from group forces including Ni, Zn, Co, Mn, Fe, and Cr forces, and the donor element is Nb. It is preferably at least one element selected from the group consisting of Sb, Ta and V.
- the internal electrode layer contains Cu as a main component and Ni.
- the acceptor element contained in the piezoelectric ceramic layer is Ni
- the internal electrode layer contains Cu as a main component and Ni. .
- the internal electrode includes a conductive paste containing Cu in a range of 70 wt% to 85 wt% and Ni as a metal component in a range of 15 wt% to 30 wt%.
- U which is preferably formed using.
- the internal electrode layer substantially includes a Cu layer and a portion composed of NiO, and a part of an interface between the Cu layer and the piezoelectric ceramic layer; Alternatively, it is preferable that NiO is present in some of the vacancies in the Cu layer! /.
- the total molar amount of the sceptor element in the piezoceramic composition is determined by converting the donor element including the divalent metal element and the pentavalent metal element into the B site. Is specified so as to be smaller than the chemical composition of the acceptor element (substitution stoichiometric composition) when the element is substituted with the element. The deviation can be reduced and the deterioration of the characteristics can be suppressed. The As a result, it is possible to obtain characteristics similar to those obtained when an Ag—Pd alloy is used as an electrode.
- the internal electrode can be co-fired with the piezoelectric ceramic layer and the internal electrode.
- Medium power This suppresses excessive diffusion of Ni into the piezoelectric ceramic layer.
- the obtained internal electrode consists essentially of a Cu layer and a portion that also has NiO force, and NiO exists at a part of the interface between the Cu layer and the ceramic layer and / or in the pores existing in the Cu layer. Will be. In the case of having such a structure, deterioration of characteristics due to diffusion of CuO can be further suppressed, and high piezoelectric characteristics can be obtained.
- the acceptor element in the piezoelectric ceramic is obtained by substituting the total molar amount of the acceptor element with the B element for an acceptor element composed of a divalent metal element and a donor element composed of a pentavalent metal element. It is less than the chemical composition (stoichiometry) of the element in advance.
- CuO diffuses into the piezoelectric ceramics, so that Cu 2+ acts as an acceptor element and combines with the excess donor element consisting of a pentavalent metal element to balance the charge and reduce the piezoelectric characteristics. Can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a multilayer piezoelectric element according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a single-plate type piezoelectric element according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3A is an enlarged cross-sectional view near the internal electrode of sample 20.
- FIG. 3B is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the vicinity of an internal electrode of Sample 18.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a multilayer piezoelectric element according to the present invention.
- the laminated piezoelectric element 1 of this embodiment has a laminated body 3 formed by alternately laminating a piezoelectric ceramic layer 2 and internal electrode layers 6a and 6b, and has both end faces 4a from which the internal electrode layers 6a and 6b are drawn out. , 4b are formed with external electrodes 5a, 5b, respectively.
- the piezoelectric ceramics constituting the piezoelectric ceramics layer 2 is a general formula ABO of Pb (Zr, Ti) 0 containing Pb at the A site and Zr and Ti at the B site.
- An oxide with a bouskite structure is the main component.
- Specific examples include PZT (lead zirconate titanate).
- the B site of this PZT contains an axceptor element (Ma) which also has a divalent metal element power and a donor element (Md) which is a pentavalent metal element.
- the total mole amount of the axceptor element is a mole, When the molar amount is b mol, 0.42 ⁇ a / b ⁇ 0.5.
- the A site of PZT can be replaced with an alkaline earth metal such as Ca (calcium), Ba (barium), or Sr (strontium) in addition to Pb. If the Curie point is not taken into consideration, it is preferable to replace the A site with an alkaline earth metal in order to improve the piezoelectric characteristics.
- an alkaline earth metal such as Ca (calcium), Ba (barium), or Sr (strontium) in addition to Pb.
- the B site (ZrTi site) of PZT contains Zr and Ti, and contains an acceptor element and a donor element as other substitute elements. That is, the acceptor element and the donor element substitute for the B site, and the acceptor element and the donor element are basically included in the B site.
- the acceptor element which is also a divalent metal element of the present invention is preferably Ni (nickel), Zn (zinc), Co (cobalt), Mn (manganese), Fe (iron) and Cr (chromium). It is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of:
- the donor element composed of a pentavalent metal element of the present invention is preferably selected from the group consisting of Nb (niobium), Sb (antimony), Ta (tantalum), and V (vanadium) force.
- Nb niobium
- Sb antimony
- Ta tantalum
- V vanadium
- AZB which is the molar ratio between the A site and the B site
- AZB which is the molar ratio between the A site and the B site
- Cu as a base metal in the internal electrodes 6a, 6b is oxidized and diffuses into the piezoelectric ceramic layer 2 as CuO. It is difficult to completely control emissions.
- the diffusion of CuO causes Cu 2+ to act as an acceptor element, and the stoichiometric composition maintained between the acceptor element composed of a divalent metal element and the donor element composed of a pentavalent metal element. If the composition deviates from the above, desired piezoelectric characteristics cannot be obtained. Further, when CuO further diffuses, CuO exists in the grain boundary in the piezoelectric ceramic layer 2 or forms a segregation phase, thereby deteriorating the characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic layer 2.
- the total molar ratio aZb of the acceptor element and the donor element is set to 0.42 ⁇ a / b ⁇ 0.
- the diffused CuO force as a lacking acceptor element will be taken into the piezoelectric ceramics layer as Cu 2+ as the acceptor element, and will be linked to the donor element excessively present in the piezoelectric ceramics layer 2 This makes it possible to reduce the deviation of the composition from the stoichiometric composition and suppress the deterioration of the characteristics. Further, in the piezoelectric ceramic layer 2, CuO is present at the grain boundary, and formation of a segregated phase can be suppressed.
- the total molar ratio aZb becomes 0.5 or more, the diffused CuO cannot enter the piezoelectric ceramic layer 2, but exists at the grain boundary, forms a segregated phase, and the piezoelectric constant d33 increases. Become smaller. Conversely, when the total molar ratio aZb is less than 0.42, the sinterability of the piezoelectric ceramics is reduced, so that the temperature required for firing increases, and the internal electrode layers 6a, It becomes difficult to co-fire with 6b.
- the firing temperature is preferably 1000 ° C. or less in the case of co-firing with Cu.
- the internal electrode layers 6a and 6b preferably contain Cu as a main component and contain Ni. Concrete More specifically, it includes not only a conductive paste containing a mixed powder of a Cu powder and a Ni powder but also a conductive paste containing a Cu—Ni alloy powder. As described above, by containing Cu as a main component and containing Ni, oxidation of Cu during firing can be suppressed, diffusion of CuO can be suppressed, and deterioration of characteristics can be minimized. . This is because Cu and Ni have different equilibrium oxygen partial pressures at which oxidation and reduction reach equilibrium, and Ni has a tendency to be easily oxidized.
- the firing is usually performed in an atmosphere between the equilibrium oxygen partial pressure of Cu and the ceramic component Pb.
- Ni is oxidized and Cu oxidation is suppressed, so that deterioration of properties due to extreme Cu oxidation and diffusion can be minimized.
- Ni as an acceptor element contained in the piezoelectric ceramic layer 2 and containing Ni as a main component of Cu as the internal electrode layer, it is possible to suppress the diffusion of NiO into the piezoelectric ceramic layer 2. It becomes possible. This is presumably because Ni already exists in the piezoelectric ceramics layer 2, and there is a limit to NiO to which external force is taken in.
- the internal electrode layers 6a and 6b substantially consist of a Cu layer and a portion that also generates NiO force, and the surface of the Cu layer, that is, a part of the interface between the Cu layer and the piezoelectric ceramic layer 2, and Z Alternatively, it was evident that NiO was present in the vacancies in the Cu layer. With such a configuration, it was found that the piezoelectric characteristics (d33) were significantly improved.
- the content of Ni is preferably 10 wt% or more and 35 wt% or less. preferable. If the Ni content is lower than 10 wt%, Cu will be oxidized. If the content of Ni exceeds about 35 wt%, Ni is completely oxidized during firing, the amount of metal in the internal electrode layers 6a and 6b decreases, and the coverage of the internal electrode layers 6a and 6b is reduced. And the characteristics are reduced.
- the internal electrode layers 6a and 6b consist of a Cu layer and a portion composed of NiO. Therefore, it is possible to form a structure in which NiO is present at a part of the interface between the Cu layer and the piezoelectric ceramic layer 2 and at the voids existing in the Z or Cu layer, and a significantly higher piezoelectric characteristic (d33) is obtained.
- Each prepared raw material was pulverized for 16 hours using a ball mill, and then calcined at 800 to 900 ° C.
- a binder and the like were each mixed with the obtained calcined powder to form a slurry, and a green sheet having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m was obtained by a doctor blade method.
- each of the obtained green sheets was punched into an appropriate size, and a conductive paste containing a Cu-Ni alloy powder (Cu85wt%, Nil5wt%) as a main component was screen-printed.
- a conductive paste containing a Cu-Ni alloy powder (Cu85wt%, Nil5wt%) as a main component was screen-printed.
- Were laminated on each other so as to form 80 layers, protective layers on which electrodes were not formed were formed on the upper and lower sides of the layers, and then pressed by a press machine. After removing the binder, each was fired at 1000 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere (oxygen concentration: 1-2 ppm) to obtain a laminate.
- Each of the obtained laminates was cut into 7 ⁇ 7 ⁇ 6 mm, and Ag external electrodes were formed on both end faces of the laminate, and an electric field of 3 kVZmm was applied between the external electrodes at a temperature of 80 ° C.
- the sample was polarized to obtain Samples 1 to 5.
- an electric field of 1.67 kV / mm was applied to each sample 115 to measure the amount of displacement.
- the displacement was measured using a differential transducer (Mahr Millitron). Also, the strain rate and the piezoelectric constant d33 were calculated respectively.
- the strain rate (%) is calculated by dividing the amount of displacement by the thickness of the active layer of the laminate (the thickness of the laminate in the stacking direction excluding the protective layer) and multiplying by 100.
- the piezoelectric constant d33 can be obtained by converting the value obtained by dividing the distortion rate by the electric field into a unit.
- an Ag-Pd alloy (Ag 70wt%, Pd30wt%) was used as a comparative example.
- Sample 6 was prepared using the same ceramic composition as Sample 5 described above, except that an internal electrode layer was formed using a conductive paste to be separated, and fired in an oxygen atmosphere. The strain rate and the piezoelectric constant d33 of the obtained sample 6 were also measured.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the strain rate and the piezoelectric constant d33 of these samples 116.
- Sample 2-4 has a distortion factor of 0.103 or more and a piezoelectric constant d33 of 606 or more, which is sufficient for a multilayer piezoelectric element.
- Sample 3 and the like exhibit the same good characteristics as Sample 6 using the Ag-Pd alloy as the internal electrode.
- d33 force is preferably 635 or more, and when 0.97 ⁇ A / B ⁇ 0.99, d33 is more preferably 650 or more. Help.
- Samples 12 to 15 having the same composition as Sample 3 described above were used, except that the type of the acceptor element was changed to Zn and Co, and the type of the donor element was changed to Sb and Ta. Each of them was created and the piezoelectric constant d33 was measured.
- the piezoelectric constant d33 was measured by the method.
- Table 3 also shows Sample 3 in which the acceptor element is Ni and the donor element is Nb for comparison.
- the acceptor element is indicated by Ma and the donor element is indicated by Md.
- the total molar ratio aZb of the acceptor element and the donor element is set to 0.42 ⁇ a / b ⁇ 0.5, which is the same as in the case where the Ag—Pd alloy is used as the internal electrode. A good degree of piezoelectric characteristics can be obtained.
- Each prepared raw material was pulverized for 16 hours using a ball mill, and then calcined at 800 to 900 ° C.
- a binder and the like were each mixed with the obtained calcined powder to form a slurry, and a green sheet having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m was obtained by a doctor blade method.
- each of the obtained green sheets was punched into an appropriate size, and an electrode paste containing a Cu-Ni alloy powder such that the amounts of Cu and Ni were as shown in Table 4 was screen-printed. Thereafter, the internal electrode layers were each laminated so as to have 80 layers, electrodes were formed on the upper and lower sides thereof, and a protective layer was formed. After removing the binder, each was fired at 1000 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere (oxygen concentration: 1 to 2 ppm) to obtain a laminate.
- each of the obtained laminates was cut into 7 x 7 x 6mm, and an Ag external electrode was baked on both end surfaces of each of the laminates at 780 ° C so as to be electrically connected to the external electrodes.
- a 3 kV, mm electric field was applied between the external electrodes and polarized to obtain samples 17-22.
- an electric field of 1.67 kVZmm was applied to each sample 17-22, and the displacement in the stacking direction was measured. The displacement was measured using a differential trans gauge (Mahr Millntron).
- the strain rate and the piezoelectric constant d33 were calculated based on the displacement amount obtained as described above.
- the strain rate (%) is obtained by dividing the amount of displacement by the thickness of the active layer of the laminate (thickness of the laminate in the stacking direction excluding the protective layer), and is calculated as 100
- the piezoelectric constant d33 can be obtained by multiplying by a factor, and converting the distortion rate by an electric field into a unit.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the strain rates and the piezoelectric constants d33 of these samples 17-22.
- Ni was used as the acceptor element
- the internal electrode was formed using a conductive paste made of a Cu--Ni alloy as the internal electrode layer
- the internal electrode layer was formed using the conductive element consisting of Cu--Ni alloy.
- Sample 18-21 with a total molar ratio aZb of 0.42 ⁇ a / b ⁇ 0.5 suppresses the deterioration of characteristics more than Sample 17 in which Ni is not added to the conductive paste serving as the internal electrode. It can be seen that a sufficient distortion rate and piezoelectric constant d33 were obtained.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are cross-sectional views of the vicinity of the internal electrodes of the piezoelectric elements obtained from Samples 18 and 20, respectively.
- the above-mentioned piezoelectric ceramic green sheet and the conductive paste are co-sintered using a conductive paste mainly composed of a Cu—Ni alloy containing 85 wt% of Cu and 15 wt% of Ni, thereby forming internal electrodes 6.
- Ni is also present in the piezoelectric ceramic layer 2, it is possible to prevent NiO from excessively diffusing from the internal electrode layer 6 into the piezoelectric ceramic layer 2, and as a result, the Cu layer 7 and the piezoelectric ceramic layer It seems that Ni08a existed at a part of the interface with 2. In rare cases, there may be a portion where the coverage of the Cu layer 7 is reduced, and a hole 7a may be formed in the Cu layer 7. In such a case, NiO may be formed so as to fill the void 7a as shown by Ni08b. Ni08b tends to be formed as the content of Ni contained in the conductive paste increases.
- the present invention is not limited to a multilayer piezoelectric element, and may be, for example, a single-plate piezoelectric element as shown in FIG. .
- This piezoelectric element has a structure in which electrodes 11 are formed on both main surfaces of a piezoelectric ceramic body 10.
- the electrode 11 is made of a base metal such as Cu as a main component, like the multilayer piezoelectric element 1 described above, and Electroceramics, like the multilayer piezoelectric element 1 described above, have a Plobs force of Pb (Zr, Ti) 0 series.
- the main component is PZT (lead zirconate titanate), which is an oxidizing substance with a site structure, and at least Pb, Ti, Zr, and a donor element consisting of an axceptor element that is a divalent metal element and a pentavalent metal element 0.42 ⁇ a / b ⁇ 0.5 when the total amount of the acceptor element is defined as a monol and the total amount of the donor element is defined as b monol.
- PZT lead zirconate titanate
- the piezoelectric ceramic electronic component of the present invention is useful for a piezoelectric actuator, a piezoelectric transformer, a piezoelectric filter, an oscillator and the like for an injection valve and an inkjet printer head for a diesel engine.
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EP1887638A1 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2008-02-13 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric element |
WO2008068975A1 (ja) | 2006-12-06 | 2008-06-12 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | 積層型圧電素子及びその製造方法 |
EP1959510A1 (en) * | 2005-12-08 | 2008-08-20 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Laminated piezoelectric element and process for producing the same |
JP2014107853A (ja) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-09 | Konica Minolta Inc | 超音波探触子 |
JP2019517978A (ja) * | 2016-04-21 | 2019-06-27 | ティーディーケイ・エレクトロニクス・アクチェンゲゼルシャフトTdk Electronics Ag | 圧電セラミックス、その製造のための方法、及び、圧電セラミックスを含む電子セラミック部品 |
CN110098314A (zh) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-08-06 | 太阳诱电株式会社 | 层叠压电陶瓷部件及其制造方法和压电器件 |
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EP1887638A1 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2008-02-13 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric element |
EP1887638A4 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2011-03-02 | Murata Manufacturing Co | PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT |
US7667377B2 (en) | 2005-12-08 | 2010-02-23 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Laminated piezoelectric element and process for producing the same |
EP1959510A1 (en) * | 2005-12-08 | 2008-08-20 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Laminated piezoelectric element and process for producing the same |
JP4877232B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-08 | 2012-02-15 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 積層型圧電素子およびその製造方法 |
EP1959510A4 (en) * | 2005-12-08 | 2012-07-11 | Murata Manufacturing Co | LAMINATED PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
JPWO2008068975A1 (ja) * | 2006-12-06 | 2010-03-18 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 積層型圧電素子及びその製造方法 |
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WO2008068975A1 (ja) | 2006-12-06 | 2008-06-12 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | 積層型圧電素子及びその製造方法 |
JP2014107853A (ja) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-09 | Konica Minolta Inc | 超音波探触子 |
JP2019517978A (ja) * | 2016-04-21 | 2019-06-27 | ティーディーケイ・エレクトロニクス・アクチェンゲゼルシャフトTdk Electronics Ag | 圧電セラミックス、その製造のための方法、及び、圧電セラミックスを含む電子セラミック部品 |
CN110098314A (zh) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-08-06 | 太阳诱电株式会社 | 层叠压电陶瓷部件及其制造方法和压电器件 |
JP2019134037A (ja) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-08-08 | 太陽誘電株式会社 | 積層圧電セラミック部品の製造方法、積層圧電セラミック部品及び圧電デバイス |
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