WO2005024804A1 - ウォブル信号復調回路及び光ディスク装置 - Google Patents
ウォブル信号復調回路及び光ディスク装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005024804A1 WO2005024804A1 PCT/JP2004/003399 JP2004003399W WO2005024804A1 WO 2005024804 A1 WO2005024804 A1 WO 2005024804A1 JP 2004003399 W JP2004003399 W JP 2004003399W WO 2005024804 A1 WO2005024804 A1 WO 2005024804A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/004—Recording, reproducing or erasing methods; Read, write or erase circuits therefor
- G11B7/005—Reproducing
- G11B7/0053—Reproducing non-user data, e.g. wobbled address, prepits, BCA
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B19/00—Driving, starting, stopping record carriers not specifically of filamentary or web form, or of supports therefor; Control thereof; Control of operating function ; Driving both disc and head
- G11B19/20—Driving; Starting; Stopping; Control thereof
- G11B19/28—Speed controlling, regulating, or indicating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/2407—Tracks or pits; Shape, structure or physical properties thereof
- G11B7/24073—Tracks
- G11B7/24082—Meandering
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wobble signal demodulation circuit and an optical disk device, and more particularly, to a wobble signal demodulation circuit for performing phase demodulation of a wobble signal obtained from an optical disk and an optical disk device including the wobble signal demodulation circuit.
- CDs Compact Discs
- data equivalent to approximately 7 times that of CDs have been used as media for recording user data such as music, movies, photographs, and computer software.
- DVD + R DVD + Recordable
- DVD + RW DVD + Rewritable optical discs
- tracks are made to meander (pull) in advance during manufacturing, and the meandering shape is obtained.
- the information is added by modulating (see, for example, JP-A-10-69646).
- DVD + R and DVD + RW hereinafter also referred to as “DVD + system” for convenience
- a wobble signal corresponding to a meandering shape is detected from a return light beam emitted from a light source and reflected on a track, and a clock signal and the like are converted from the wobble signal.
- the signal is phase-demodulated in synchronization with the clock signal to obtain the information.
- particularly important information added to a track is address information.
- the optical disc device controls the recording position based on the endless dress information and the readout signal.
- phase demodulation is performed in electronic cameras and satellite broadcast receivers (for example, see Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 6-19898 and Japanese Patent No. 2893496).
- various filters are used in a circuit for acquiring address information from a wobble signal. These filters are composed of general-purpose components for cost reduction. As a result, the frequency response characteristics of the filter vary, and the quality of the phase-demodulated signal varies. As recording speeds increase in the future, noise sources will become more diverse, noise level tolerance will decrease, and there will be cases where address information cannot be acquired correctly due to variations in the quality of phase demodulated signals. This is expected to occur, which may lead to a decrease in recording quality. Therefore, further improvement in phase demodulation accuracy is required. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention has been made under such circumstances, and a first object of the present invention is to provide a double signal demodulation circuit capable of accurately demodulating a double signal in phase.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide an optical disk device capable of performing recording with excellent recording quality.
- a wobble signal demodulation circuit is provided based on light reflected from a recording surface of an optical disk formed by meandering tracks, and a carrier wave having a predetermined fundamental frequency and a predetermined frequency.
- a demodulated signal that includes a phase modulated wave portion to which the following information is added, the demodulated signal having a center frequency near the fundamental frequency, and A band-pass filter to be extracted, a frequency adjustment circuit that adjusts a center frequency of the band-pass filter based on a frequency adjustment signal corresponding to a linear velocity of rotation of the optical disk, and a clock from the extracted signal of the carrier wave unit.
- a signal generation circuit for generating a signal; and the phase modulation in the wobble signal in synchronization with the peak signal.
- a modulated wave demodulation circuit for phase demodulating the wave part.
- the center frequency of the band-pass filter is adjusted by the frequency adjustment circuit based on the frequency adjustment signal corresponding to the linear velocity of rotation of the optical disk. For example, the linear velocity of rotation of the optical disk increases. Even if the fundamental frequency becomes higher, it is possible to prevent the output signal of the non-pass filter from deteriorating, and to accurately extract the carrier component contained in the cobble signal. Therefore, the accuracy of the clock signal is improved, and as a result, the phase of the wobble signal can be accurately demodulated.
- a carrier demodulation circuit is provided based on reflected light from a recording surface of an optical disk formed by a meandering track and has a predetermined fundamental frequency. And a phase-modulated wave section to which predetermined information is added.
- a pobble signal demodulation circuit that performs phase demodulation on a wobble signal including a center frequency near the fundamental frequency, and converts a signal of the carrier wave section from the wobble signal.
- a band-pass filter to be extracted; a frequency adjustment circuit that adjusts a center frequency of the band-pass filter based on a frequency adjustment signal corresponding to a linear velocity of rotation of the optical disc;
- a first signal generation circuit for generating a first clock signal from the extracted signal of the carrier unit; and a first clock signal and a frequency of the first clock signal from the signal of the carrier unit or the first clock signal.
- a second signal generation circuit that generates a second clock signal that is equal but different in phase; a switch that selectively outputs one of the plurality of clock signals; and a switch that is synchronized with the selected clock signal.
- a modulation wave demodulation circuit for performing phase demodulation of the phase modulation wave portion in the signal. '' This allows the op-amp acquired based on the reflected light from the recording surface of the optical disc
- the carrier signal is extracted from the carrier signal by a bandpass filter having a center frequency near the fundamental frequency of the carrier.
- the first signal generation circuit generates a first clock signal from the carrier wave part extracted by the band-pass filter, and the modulation wave demodulation circuit synchronizes the phase modulation wave part with the first clock signal. Demodulated.
- the center frequency of the bandpass filter is adjusted by the frequency adjustment circuit based on a frequency adjustment signal corresponding to the linear velocity of rotation of the optical disk. Even if the fundamental frequency increases and the fundamental frequency becomes higher, it is possible to prevent the output signal of the non-pass filter from deteriorating, and it is possible to accurately extract the carrier component contained in the wobble signal. Therefore, the accuracy of the first clock signal is improved, and as a result, the phase of the sampled signal can be accurately demodulated.
- the phase shift between the first clock signal and the cobble signal is determined. Since the frequency of the first clock signal is adjusted so as to eliminate or reduce the deviation, the phase shift of the clock signal (first clock signal ') used to execute phase demodulation is adjusted. Can be accurately phase demodulated.
- the optical disc device can be configured by using the above-mentioned signal demodulation circuit which achieves the first object. i As a result, the carrier component included in the wobble signal is accurately extracted based on the frequency adjustment signal generated by the frequency adjustment signal generation means, and the demodulation accuracy of the phase modulated wave portion of the wobble signal is improved.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an optical disk device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a meandering shape of a track on an optical disc.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of an information frame.
- FIGS. 4 (A) and 4 (B) in FIG. 4 are diagrams for explaining the meandering shape of the ADIP information section.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B in FIG. 5 are diagrams for explaining the meandering shape of the synchronization information section.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the data bits of the ADIP information section.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the optical pickup device in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of the reproduction signal processing circuit in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram for explaining the configurations of the clock signal generation circuit, the adjustment circuit, and the demodulation signal generation circuit of FIG. 8, respectively.
- FIG. 10 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the demodulated signal generation circuit of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the address decoding circuit of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining a process of acquiring the optimum frequency adjustment amount and the optimum phase adjustment amount for each linear velocity.
- FIG. 13 is a waveform chart for explaining the maximum amplitude.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart for explaining a recording process in the optical disk device performed in response to a recording request command from the host.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart for explaining a reproduction process in the optical disk device performed in response to a reproduction request command from the host.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram illustrating an adjustment circuit having an amplitude detection circuit.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram for explaining an adjustment circuit having a jitter detection circuit.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining the minimum jitter.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram for explaining another configuration example of the demodulation signal generation circuit in FIG.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating an adjustment circuit having a memory.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram for explaining another configuration example of the clock signal generation circuit, the adjustment circuit, and the demodulation signal generation circuit of FIG.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart of a process executed by the CPU using the circuit having the configuration shown in FIG.
- FIG. 23 is a timing chart of each signal when there is no phase shift between the output signal Sg2 and the output signal Sg8.
- FIG. 24 is a timing chart of each signal when there is a phase shift between the output signal S g2 and the output signal S g8.
- Reference numeral 15 denotes an optical disk
- reference numeral 20 denotes an optical disk device
- reference numeral 23 denotes an optical pickup device (part of data recording means)
- reference numeral 28f denotes a clock signal generation circuit (a part of an optical signal demodulation circuit).
- 28 g is a demodulation signal generation circuit (modulation wave demodulation circuit)
- 28 i is an adjustment circuit (part of a wobble signal demodulation circuit)
- 39 is a flash memory (phase adjustment memory).
- 40 is a CPU (part of data recording means, phase adjustment signal generation means, frequency adjustment signal generation means)
- f 1 is a bandpass filter circuit (bandpass filter).
- F 2 is a PLL circuit (signal generation circuit)
- i 1 is a center frequency adjustment circuit (frequency adjustment circuit)
- i 2 is a phase adjustment circuit
- ⁇ 8 is a first signal G 8 ′ is the second signal generation circuit
- S is a switch.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an optical disk device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical disk device 20 shown in FIG. 1 includes a spindle motor 22 for rotating the optical disk 15, an optical pickup device 23, a laser control circuit 24, an encoder 25, a motor driver 27, and a reproduction signal processing.
- Circuit 28 It has a robot controller 33, a buffer RAM 34, a buffer manager 37, an interface 38, a flash memory 39, a CPU 40 and a RAM 41.
- the connection lines in FIG. 1 show typical flows of signals and information, and do not represent all the connection relationships of each block.
- an information recording medium conforming to the DVD + R standard is used for the optical disc 15 as an example.
- a group (G) is formed as a spiral guide groove.
- a convex portion is referred to as a groove 0 and a concave portion is referred to as a land (L) when viewed from a laser beam incident direction.
- the group G is a track for recording information, and data is recorded in the groove G.
- Group G is meandering (wobbling) as shown in Fig. 2 as an example.
- the meandering shape of the truck is determined by the ADIP unit and the carrier.
- the AD IP unit contains various information.
- the carrier wave is used to generate a reference signal for recording and a timing signal for phase demodulation.
- a basic unit composed of a carrier and an ADIP unit is referred to as an information frame.
- the carrier wave portion in the information frame is called a carrier wave part.
- the AD IP unit in the data zone, in which data is recorded has an area containing synchronization information (hereinafter referred to as “synchronization information section”) and an area containing address information (hereinafter “AD IP information”). Department).
- synchronization information section an area containing synchronization information
- AD IP information an area containing address information
- the wobbled numbers 0 to 3 are the synchronization information section
- the wobbled numbers 4 to 7 are the ADIP information section. That is, the size of the synchronization information section is 4 wobbles, and the size of the ADIP information section is 4 wobbles.
- PSK Phase Shift Keying
- the AD IP information section represents 1-bit data in 4 bits.
- the data is When it is “0”, as shown in FIG. 4 (A), the two front wobbles have the same phase as the carrier wave part, and the two rear wobbles have the opposite phase to the carrier wave part.
- the data is “1”, as shown in FIG. 4 (B), the two front wobbles have the opposite phase to the carrier part, and the rear two wobbles have the same phase as the carrier part.
- 51-bit data is required to obtain address data.
- the synchronization information section has word sync information, that is, 4 bits. All are in opposite phase to the carrier. Also, when data is stored in the AD IP information section, as shown in FIG. 5 (B), bit sync information, that is, the first wobble is set to be out of phase with the carrier wave section, and the remaining The three wobble signals have the same phase as the carrier wave part. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, one address data is obtained from 52 information frames.
- the optical pickup device 23 is a device for irradiating the recording surface of the optical disk 15 on which the track is formed with laser light and receiving reflected light from the recording surface.
- the optical pickup device 23 includes, as an example, a light source unit 51, a collimating lens 52, a beam splitter 54, an objective lens 60, a detection lens 58, a photodetector PD, as shown in FIG. And a drive system (focusing actuator, tracking actuator, and seek motor (all not shown)).
- the light source unit 51 is configured to include a semiconductor laser LD as a light source that emits laser light having a wavelength of 660 nm.
- the maximum intensity emission direction of the laser beam emitted from the light source unit 51 is defined as the + X direction.
- the collimating lens 52 is arranged on the + X side of the light source unit 51, and makes the light beam emitted from the light source unit 51 substantially parallel light.
- the beam splitter 54 is disposed on the + X side of the collimating lens 52, and transmits the light beam that has been made substantially collimated by the collimating lens 52 as it is. Further, the beam splitter 54 branches a light beam (return light beam) reflected by the recording surface of the optical disk 15 and incident via the objective lens 60 in the 1Z direction.
- the objective lens 60 is located on the + X side of the beam splitter 54, The light beam transmitted through the ritter 54 is focused on the recording surface of the optical disk 15.
- the detection lens 58 is disposed on one Z side of the beam splitter 54, and focuses the return light beam branched in the 1Z direction by the beam splitter 54 on the light receiving surface of the light receiver PD.
- the photodetector PD is configured to include a plurality of photodetectors, and outputs a signal including sample signal information, reproduction data information, focus error information, track error information, and the like to the reproduction signal processing circuit 28.
- the focusing actuator (not shown) is an actuator for slightly driving the objective lens 60 in the focus direction (here, the X-axis direction) which is the optical axis direction of the objective lens 60.
- the tracking actuator (not shown) is an actuator for slightly driving the objective lens 60 in a tracking direction (here, the Z-axis direction) which is a direction orthogonal to the tangential direction of the track.
- the seek motor (not shown) is a motor for driving the optical pickup device itself in the sledge direction (here, the Z-axis direction).
- the reproduction signal processing circuit 28 includes an IZV amplifier 28a, a support signal detection circuit 28b, a cobble signal detection circuit 28c, an RF signal detection circuit 28d, and a decoder. 28 e, a clock signal generation circuit 28 f, a demodulation signal generation circuit 28 g as a modulation wave demodulation circuit, an address decoding circuit 28 h, and an adjustment circuit 28 i. Note that the arrows in FIG. 8 indicate typical flows of signals and information, and do not indicate all connection relationships between blocks.
- the I / V amplifier 28a converts the current signal from the photodetector PD into a voltage signal and amplifies it with a predetermined gain.
- the servo signal detection circuit 28b detects a servo signal (such as a focus error signal and a track error signal) based on the output signal of the IZV amplifier 28a. The servo signal detected here is output to the servo controller 33.
- the wobble signal detection circuit 28c detects a wobble signal (Swb) based on the output signal of the I / V amplifier 28a.
- the double signal Swb detected here is output to the clock signal generation circuit 28 f and the demodulation signal generation circuit 28 g.
- the RF signal detection circuit 28d detects an RF signal (referred to as Srf) based on the output signal of the I / V amplifier 28a. R detected here The F signal Srf is output to the decoder 28e.
- the decoder 28 e performs decoding processing, error detection processing, and the like on the RF signal Srf, performs error correction processing when an error is detected, and transmits the reproduced data to the buffer RAM 34 via the buffer manager 37 via the buffer manager 37.
- the RF signal contains address data, and the decoder 28'e outputs address data extracted from the RF signal to the CPU 40.
- the clock signal generation circuit 28f generates a reference clock signal (Wck) and a timing clock signal (Stim) based on the wobble signal Swb.
- the clock signal generation circuit 28f includes a band-pass filter (BPF) circuit fl as a bandpass filter and a PLL (Phase Locked Loop) circuit f2 as a signal generation circuit, as shown in FIG. 9 as an example. ing.
- This band-pass filter circuit f1 extracts a carrier component from the wobble signal Swb.
- the center frequency of the band-pass filter circuit f1 is set by the CPU 40.
- the 1 ⁇ circuit 2 generates a reference clock signal Wck and a timing clock signal Stim synchronized with the output signal of the bandpass filter circuit f1.
- the generated reference clock signal Wck is output to the encoder 25, and the timing clock signal Stim is output to the adjustment circuit 28i.
- the cycle of the reference clock signal Wck is 1/32 of the cycle of the wobble signal Swb.
- the cycle of the timing feedback signal S tim is the same as that of the sample signal S wb.
- the adjusting circuit 28i has a center frequency adjusting circuit i1 and a phase adjusting circuit i2 as shown in FIG. 9 as an example.
- the center frequency adjustment circuit i1 adjusts the center frequency of the band-pass filter circuit f1 according to the frequency adjustment signal from the CPU 40.
- the phase adjustment circuit i 2 adjusts the phase of the timing control signal Stim according to the phase adjustment signal from the CPU 40.
- the timing clock signal Stim whose phase has been adjusted is output to the demodulation signal generation circuit 28g as an adjusted timing feedback signal Stim '.
- the demodulated signal generation circuit 28g generates a demodulated signal by performing phase demodulation on the sampled signal Swb in synchronization with the adjustment timing clock signal Stim '.
- the demodulated signal generated here is output to the address decoding circuit 28h.
- the demodulated signal generation circuit As an example, as shown in Fig. 9, 28 g is a high-pass filter (HPF) g1, a low-pass filter (LPF) g2, a multiplier g3, an integrator g4, a sample-and-hold circuit (SZH circuit) g5, It comprises a control signal generation circuit g6, a low band detection circuit g7, a sine wave generation circuit g8, and the like.
- HPF high-pass filter
- LPF low-pass filter
- SZH circuit sample-and-hold circuit
- the high-pass filter g1 almost removes low-frequency noise included in the wobble signal Swb. Then, the low-pass filter g2 almost eliminates high-frequency noise included in the output signal of the high-pass filter gl. Therefore, the output signal Sg2 of the low-pass filter circuit g2 is a signal from which the low-frequency noise and the high-frequency noise included in the cobble signal Swb have been substantially removed (see signal Sg2 in FIG. 10).
- Sine wave generation circuit g 8 is 'based on the adjustment timing clock signal Stim' adjustment timing clock signal Stim that generates a sine wave signal S g 8 having the same frequency (see signal Sg8 of Figure 10). The sine wave signal Sg8 generated here is output to the multiplier g3 and the control signal generation circuit g6.
- the multiplier g3 multiplies the output signal Sg2 of the low-pass filter g2 by the sine wave signal Sg8.
- the output signal Sg3 of the multiplier g3 becomes a positive signal when the signals Sg2 and Sg8 are in phase, and becomes a negative signal when the signals Sg2 and Sg8 are out of phase (see FIG. 10). See signal Sg 3 ).
- Multiplication result of the multiplier g 3 is output as the signal Sg 3 to the integration circuit g 4 and the low-frequency detecting circuit g 7.
- Control signal generation circuit g 6 based on the sine wave signal S g 8, generates a sampling signal Ssh instructing sampling the reset signal Srst and the sample and hold circuit g 5 instructs the reset to the integration circuit g 4.
- a pulse signal synchronized with the start timing in one cycle of the sine wave is output as the reset signal Srst (see signal Srst in FIG. 10). Since the sampling signal Ssh needs to be sampled before the integration circuit g4 is reset, a pulse signal whose rising edge is slightly earlier than the reset signal Srst is output (see the signal Ssh in FIG. 10).
- the reset signal Srst generated here is output to the integration circuit g4, and the sampling signal Ssh is output to the sample hold circuit g5.
- the integrating circuit g4 is reset at the rising timing of the reset signal Srst from the control signal generating circuit g6, and integrates the output signal Sg3 of the multiplier c24 every cycle of the sine wave signal Sg8 (see FIG. 1). 0 signal S g 4).
- Signal S g4 from the integrator g 4 is outputted to the sample hold circuit g 5.
- the sample-and-hold circuit g5 performs sampling on the output signal Sg4 of the integration circuit g4 in synchronization with the sampling signal Ssh from the control signal generation circuit g6.
- the signal Sg4 is sampled and held at the rising timing of the sampling signal Ssh (see signal Sdm in FIG. 10).
- the signal from the sample hold circuit g5 is output to the address decoding circuit 28h and the CPU 40 as a demodulated signal Sdm.
- the low band detection circuit g7 detects a low level region in the output signal Sg3 of the multiplier g3 (see the signal Sg7 in FIG. 10).
- the signal Sg7 from the low band detection circuit g7 is output to the address decoding circuit 28h.
- FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram showing another configuration example of the circuit of FIG.
- circuit elements and the like having the same reference numerals as in FIG. 9 are the same as those described in FIG.
- the difference between the circuit shown in Fig. 21 and the circuit shown in Fig. 9 is that first, the sine wave generation circuit g8 generates the sine wave signal Sg8 from the adjusted timing clock signal Stim ', and the adjusted timing clock signal Stim'
- the cosine wave generation circuit g 8 ′ also generates a cosine wave signal Sg 8 ′.
- the cosine wave signal Sg is a signal having the same frequency and a different phase as the sine wave signal Sg8. In this example, both are 90. The phases are different.
- the switch S can selectively switch between the sine wave signal Sg8 and the cosine wave signal Sg8 ′ and output the signal to the multiplier g3.
- the switching of the switch S is performed by a control signal output from the CPU 40.
- the phase adjustment circuit i2 adjusts the phase of the adjustment timing clock signal Stim 'generated by the control signal output from the CPU 40.
- This adjustment sine-wave signal S g 8 and the phase of the cosine wave signal Sg8 ' is also adjusted. That is, the phase force S ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) of the sine wave signal Sg8. Then, the phase of the cosine wave signal Sg8 'is (0 + 0; +90). It becomes.
- phase adjustment A first signal generation circuit is realized by the path i 2 and the sine wave generation circuit g 8
- a sine wave signal S g 8 is generated as a first clock signal
- a phase adjustment circuit i 2 and a cosine wave generation circuit g 8 This realizes a second signal generation circuit, and generates a cosine wave signal Sg8 ′ as a second clock signal.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart of the process executed by the CPU 40 using the circuit having the configuration as shown in FIG.
- the CPU 40 outputs a signal from the CPU 40 to the switch S at a predetermined timing, and switches the signal input to the multiplier g3 from the sine wave signal Sg8 to the cosine wave signal Sg8 '(step S1).
- the signal Sdm input to the CPU 40 is almost 0 (a value close to 0).
- the CPU 40 determines that the phase is not out of phase (determination means) (N in step S2), and instructs the switch S to switch from the cosine wave signal Sg to the sine wave signal Sg8 (step S3).
- each signal is shown in Figure 24.
- the signal Sdm input to the CPU 40 has a large value as compared with the case of FIG.
- CPU 40 outputs a phase adjustment signal to the phase adjustment HI path i 2, so as to eliminate the phase shift between the output signal Sg2 output signal S g 8 (so that the state of FIG. 23 Adjustment (Adjustment means) (Step S4). That is, adjust the value of "" described above.
- the CPU 40 instructs the switch S to switch the output from the cosine wave signal Sg to the sine wave signal Sg8 (step S5).
- the CPU 40 can uniquely determine whether the phase should be adjusted to be delayed or advanced in accordance with the sign (+, —), and the phase of the phase adjustment circuit i 2 can be determined. Adjustments can be made in a short time.
- the address decoding circuit 28 h Based on the output signal S g7 of the low-band detection circuit g 7, the address decoding circuit 28 h outputs a portion corresponding to the synchronization information portion of the demodulated signal S dm (hereinafter referred to as “synchronization information signal” for convenience). ) To generate a synchronization detection signal (see Fig. 11).
- This synchronizing signal has a signal level from 0 (low level) to 1 (high level) or 0 (low level) corresponding to the zero-cross position when the output signal S g7 of the low-frequency detection circuit g 7 changes from the + level to one level. Changes from 1 to 0.
- the address decoding circuit 28h When the address decoding circuit 28h detects the synchronization information signal, the address decoding circuit 28h determines whether the synchronization information stored in the synchronization information signal is the code synchronization information or the bit synchronization information, and performs bit synchronization. If it is information, a part corresponding to the AD IP information part (hereinafter also referred to as “AD IP information signal” for convenience) is extracted. Further, the address decoding circuit 28h decodes the address data from each ADIP information signal when the extracted ADIP information signal reaches a predetermined amount (here, 51 bits). The address data decoded here is output to the CPU 40 as an end address signal Sad.
- a predetermined amount here, 51 bits
- the servo controller 33 generates a focus control signal for correcting the focus shift based on the focus error signal from the servo signal detection circuit 28b, and detects the track shift based on the track error signal.
- a tracking control signal for correction is generated.
- Each control signal generated here is output to the motor driver 27 when the servo is on, and is not output when the servo is off.
- Servo-on and servo-off are set by CPU40.
- the motor driver 27 outputs a driving signal of the focusing actuator to the optical pickup device 23 based on the focus control signal, and outputs a driving signal of the tracking actuator based on the tracking control signal. Is output to the optical pickup device 23. That is, tracking control and focus control are performed by the servo signal detection circuit 28 b, the servo controller 33, and the motor driver 27.
- the motor driver 27 outputs drive signals for the spindle motor 22 and the seek motor based on the control signal from the CPU 40.
- the buffer RAM 34 temporarily stores data to be recorded on the optical disk 15 (recording data) and data reproduced from the optical disk 15 (reproduced data), and a variable area for storing various program variables. And
- the buffer manager 37 manages input and output of data to and from the buffer RAM 34. Then, the CPU 40 is notified when the amount of data accumulated in the buffer area of the buffer RAM 34 becomes a predetermined amount.
- the encoder 25 extracts the recording data stored in the buffer RAM 34 via the buffer manager 37 based on the instruction of the CPU 40, modulates the data and adds an error correction code, and outputs a write signal to the optical disk 15. Generate.
- the write signal generated here is output to the laser control circuit 24 together with the reference clock signal Wck.
- the laser control circuit 24 controls the power of the laser light applied to the optical disc 15. For example, at the time of recording, a drive signal for the semiconductor laser LD is generated based on the recording conditions, the emission characteristics of the semiconductor laser LD, the write signal from the encoder 25, the reference clock signal Wck, and the like.
- the interface 38 is a two-way communication interface with the host, and conforms to the ATAPI (AT Attachment Packet Interface) standard as an example.
- the flash memory 39 has a program area and a data area.
- the program area stores a program described by a code that can be decoded by the CPU 40.
- the data area includes information on the emission characteristics of the semiconductor laser LD, information on the seek operation of the optical pickup device 23 (hereinafter also referred to as "seek information"), recording conditions, and the center of the band-pass filter circuit f1 for each linear velocity. Frequency etc. are stored.
- the CPU 40 controls the operations of the above-described units according to the programs stored in the program area of the flash memory 39, and stores data necessary for the control in the variable area of the buffer RAM 34 and the RAM 41.
- the CPU 40 is provided with an A / D converter and a D / A converter (not shown), and an analog signal is input to the CPU 40 via the AZD converter. Also, -Signals from CPU 40 are output to analog circuits via D / A converters.
- the optimum of the center frequency of the band-pass filter circuit f1 is performed in at least one of the manufacturing process, the adjusting process, and the inspection process of the optical disc device 20 configured as described above.
- optical phase adjustment amount also referred to as “optimal phase adjustment amount”
- a process of acquiring an optimal adjustment amount of the timing clock signal Stim hereinafter, also referred to as “optimal phase adjustment amount”.
- the amount acquisition process will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the flowchart of FIG. 12 corresponds to a series of processing algorithms executed by the CPU 40.
- the head address of the program corresponding to the flowchart of FIG. 12 is set in the program counter of the CPU 40, and the optimum adjustment amount acquisition processing starts.
- the optical disc device 20 can perform recording and reproduction at various linear velocities.
- a reference linear velocity (1.2 to 1.4 msec) is set as an initial linear velocity.
- the center frequency corresponding to the set linear velocity is set in the bandpass filter circuit f1 with reference to the data area of the flash memory 39.
- a preset initial value is set to the frequency adjustment amount (referred to as F), and a frequency adjustment signal including the information of the frequency adjustment amount F is output to the center frequency adjustment circuit i1. I do.
- the center frequency of the bandpass filter circuit f 1 is adjusted according to the value of the frequency adjustment amount F.
- the amplitude of the output signal of the band-pass filter circuit f1 is obtained. Then, the obtained result is stored in RAM 41 in association with the value of the frequency adjustment amount F at that time.
- step 409 it is determined whether or not the value of the loop counter nf is equal to or greater than a preset value Nf ( ⁇ 2).
- Nf a preset value
- step 411 after adding the variation, F set in advance to the frequency adjustment amount F to update the value of the frequency adjustment amount F, the information of the updated frequency adjustment amount F is included.
- the frequency adjustment signal is output to the center frequency adjustment circuit i1.
- the center frequency of the bandpass filter circuit f1 is adjusted according to the updated value of the frequency adjustment amount F.
- 1 is added to the loop counter nf. Then, the process returns to step 407.
- steps 407 ⁇ 409 ⁇ 411 is repeated until the judgment in step 409 is affirmed.
- step 409 When the value of the loop counter nf becomes equal to or greater than Nf, the determination in step 409 is affirmed, and the flow shifts to step 413.
- the maximum value of the amplitude (maximum amplitude) is obtained from the multiple acquisition results of the amplitude stored in RAM 41, and the value of the frequency adjustment amount F corresponding to the maximum amplitude (Fx ) Is extracted as the optimal frequency adjustment amount (see Fig. 13).
- the value Fx is stored in the data area of the flash memory 39 in association with the linear velocity at that time.
- a preset initial value is set as a phase adjustment amount (P), and a phase adjustment signal including information on the phase adjustment amount P is output to the phase adjustment circuit i2.
- the phase of the timing clock signal S tim is adjusted by the phase adjustment circuit i 2 according to the value of the phase adjustment amount P.
- the output signal of the sample and hold circuit g5 that is, the absolute value of the signal level of the demodulated signal Sdm is obtained. Then, the obtained result is stored in RAM 41 in association with the value of the phase adjustment amount P at that time.
- step 423 after adding a preset variation ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ to the phase adjustment amount P to update the value of the phase adjustment amount P, the information of the updated phase adjustment amount P is included.
- the phase adjustment signal is output to the phase adjustment circuit i1.
- the phase of the timing feedback signal S tim is adjusted by the phase adjustment circuit i 2 according to the updated value of the phase adjustment amount P.
- steps 4 19 ⁇ 4 2 1 ⁇ 4 2 3 is repeated until the judgment in step 4 21 is affirmed.
- step 421 When the value of the loop counter np becomes equal to or more than Np, the determination in step 421 is affirmed, and the flow shifts to step 425. .
- the maximum value of the absolute value is obtained from the plurality of acquisition results of the absolute value stored in RAM41, and the value of the phase adjustment amount P (Px) corresponding to the maximum value is determined. Extract and make the optimal phase adjustment amount.
- the value Px is stored in the data area of the flash memory 39 in association with the linear velocity at that time.
- next step 429 it is determined whether there is an unset linear velocity. If there is an unset linear velocity, the determination here is affirmed and the flow shifts to step 431. In this step 431, the next speed is set. Then, the process returns to the above step 403.
- step 429 determines whether there is no unset linear velocity in step 429. If there is no unset linear velocity in step 429, the determination in step 429 is denied, and the optimal strike amount acquisition processing ends.
- FIG. 14 corresponds to a series of processing algorithms executed by the CPU 40.
- the start address of the program corresponding to the flowchart in FIG. And the recording process starts.
- the linear velocity is not changed during the recording process.
- the rotation of the spindle motor 22 is controlled based on the linear velocity corresponding to the recording velocity (hereinafter also referred to as “recording linear velocity” for convenience).
- the control signal is generated and output to the motor driver 27, and the reproduction signal processing circuit 28 is notified that the recording request command has been received from the host. It also instructs the buffer manager 37 to store the data (recording data) received from the host in the buffer RAM 34.
- the center frequency of the band-pass filter circuit # 1 corresponding to the above recording linear velocity is extracted from the data area of the flash memory 39, and set to the band-pass filter circuit f1.
- the optimum frequency adjustment amount corresponding to the recording and recording speed is extracted from the data area of the flash memory 39, and the frequency adjustment signal including the information of the optimum frequency adjustment amount is sent to the center frequency adjustment circuit. Output to i1. Thereby, the center frequency of the bandpass filter circuit f1 is adjusted according to the optimum frequency adjustment amount.
- the optimum phase adjustment amount corresponding to the recording linear velocity is extracted from the data area of the flash memory 39, and the phase adjustment signal including the information of the optimum phase adjustment amount is sent to the phase adjustment circuit i2. Output.
- the phase of the timing feedback signal S tim is adjusted by the phase adjustment circuit i 2 according to the optimum phase adjustment amount.
- a servo-on is set to the servo controller 33.
- an optimum recording power is obtained by performing OPC (Optimum Power Control) based on the recording speed. That is, while changing the recording power in a stepwise manner, test-write predetermined data in a test-write area called a PCA (Power Calibration Area), and then sequentially reproduce the data. For example, an asymmetry detected from an RF signal is obtained. The case where the bird's value substantially matches the target value obtained in advance through experiments or the like is determined to be the highest recording quality, and the recording power at that time is determined as the optimum recording power.
- OPC Optimum Power Control
- the current address is obtained based on the address signal Sad from the address decoding circuit 28h.
- the difference (address difference) between the current address and the target address extracted from the recording request command is calculated.
- step 517 it is determined whether a seek is necessary based on the address difference.
- a predetermined threshold value stored in the flash memory 39 is referred to as one of the seek information. If the address difference exceeds the threshold value, the determination here is affirmed and the process proceeds to step 5 19. I do.
- step 519 a seek motor control signal corresponding to the address difference is output to the motor driver 27.
- the seek motor is driven, and the seek operation is performed. Then, the process returns to step 5 13.
- step 517 If the address difference does not exceed the threshold value in step 517, the determination in step 517 is denied, and the process shifts to step 521.
- step 521 it is determined whether or not the current address matches the target address. If the current address does not match the target address, the determination here is denied, and the process proceeds to step 523.
- step 523 the current address is obtained based on the address signal Sad from the address decoding circuit 28h. Then, the process returns to step 5221.
- the processing of steps 521, 523 is repeatedly performed until the determination in step 521 is affirmed.
- step 521 If the current address matches the target address, the determination in step 521 is affirmed, and the process proceeds to step 52-5.
- step 5 writing to the encoder 25 is permitted.
- the recording data is written to the optical disk 15 via the encoder 25, the laser control circuit 24, and the optical pickup device 23.
- a predetermined end process is performed, and then the recording process ends.
- the flowchart of FIG. 15 corresponds to a series of processing algorithms executed by the CPU 40.
- the flowchart of FIG. 15 corresponds to the flowchart of FIG.
- the start address of the program to be executed is set in the program counter of the CPU 40, and the reproduction process starts.
- a control signal for controlling the rotation of the spindle motor 22 is generated based on the linear velocity corresponding to the reproduction velocity (hereinafter also referred to as “reproduction linear velocity” for convenience), and the motor driver 27, and notifies the reproduction signal processing circuit 28 that a playback request command has been received from the host.
- step 703 when it is confirmed that the optical disk 15 is rotating at the reproduction linear velocity, servo-on is set to the servo controller 33.
- tracking control and focus control are performed as described above. Note that the tracking control and the focus control are performed at any time until the reproduction processing ends.
- the track address data is output from the decoder 28 e to the CPU 40 at any time based on the RF signal.
- the current address is obtained based on the address data from the decoder 28e.
- the difference (address difference) between the current address and the target address extracted from the reproduction request command is calculated.
- step 709 it is determined whether or not a seek is necessary, in the same manner as in step 517. If a seek is necessary, the judgment here is affirmative, and the flow shifts to step 711.
- step 711 a seek motor control signal corresponding to the address difference is output to the motor driver 27. Then, the process returns to step 705.
- step 709 determines whether seek is necessary. If it is determined in step 709 that seek is not necessary, the determination here is denied, and the flow shifts to step 713.
- step 713 it is determined whether or not the current address matches the target address. If the current address does not match the target address, the determination here is denied, and the routine goes to step 715.
- step 721 the current address is obtained based on the address data from the decoder 28e. Then, the process returns to step 7 13.
- step 713 If the current address matches the target address, the determination in step 713 is affirmed, and the flow shifts to step 717.
- step 717 reading is instructed to the reproduction signal processing circuit 28.
- reproduced data is obtained by the reproduced signal processing circuit 28 and stored in the buffer RAM 34.
- This reproduced data is transferred to the host via the buffer manager 37 and the interface 38 in sector units.
- the cobble signal demodulation circuit 28 f, the adjustment circuit 28 i, and the demodulation signal generation circuit 28 g perform demodulation of the cobble signal.
- a circuit has been implemented.
- the flash memory 39 realizes a phase adjustment memory and a frequency adjustment memory.
- a data recording unit is realized by the optical pickup device 23, the CPU 40, and a program executed by the CPU 40. Further, the CPU 40 and a program executed by the CPU 40 implement a phase adjustment signal generation unit and a frequency adjustment signal generation unit.
- the present invention is not limited to this. That is, the above-described embodiment is merely an example, and at least a part of each unit realized by the processing according to the program by the CPU 40 may be configured by hardware, or may be entirely configured by hardware. It may be configured by wear.
- the center frequency of the band-pass filter circuit f1 in the clock signal generation circuit 28f is adjusted by the center frequency adjustment circuit i1 to rotate the optical disc.
- the amplitude is adjusted so that the amplitude of the output signal of the pan-pass filter circuit f1 is maximized.
- the timing of PLL circuit ⁇ 2 is Therefore, the demodulation clock signal can be generated with high accuracy, and as a result, it is possible to improve the demodulation accuracy of the phase modulation wave part included in the wobble signal Swb. Further, the PLL circuit f2 can accurately generate the reference clock signal.
- nonpass filter circuit f1 can be configured with general-purpose components, component costs can be reduced. Furthermore, since the deviation tolerance of the filter characteristic from the design value in the band-pass filter circuit f1 can be increased, the adjustment process can be simplified.
- the phase of the timing clock signal Stim generated by the PLL circuit f2 is determined by the phase adjustment circuit i2 according to the linear velocity of the rotation of the optical disc, and the level of the signal output from the demodulation signal generation circuit 28g. It is adjusted so that the absolute value becomes maximum. Thereby, for example, even if the recording speed is increased, the output signal of the multiplier g3 can be prevented from deteriorating, and the synchronization information can be accurately detected. As a result, the ADIP information section can be accurately demodulated. That is, address information can be obtained with high accuracy.
- the reference clock signal is generated with high accuracy and the address data is obtained with high accuracy, it is possible to perform recording with excellent recording quality.
- the amplitude of the output signal of the bandpass filter circuit f1 is obtained by the CPU 40.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- An amplitude detection circuit i3 for detecting the amplitude of the output signal of the filter circuit f1 may be provided in the adjustment circuit 28i. The detection result of this amplitude detection circuit i 3 is output to CPU 40.
- the case where the frequency adjustment value when the amplitude of the output signal of the band-pass filter circuit f1 is maximized is set as the optimum frequency adjustment value is not limited thereto.
- the frequency adjustment value when the jitter of the output signal of the filter circuit f1 is minimized may be set as the optimum frequency adjustment value.
- a jitter detection circuit i4 for detecting the jitter of the output signal of the bandpass filter circuit f1 is provided in the adjustment circuit 28i, and the jitter detection circuit The detection result at i 4 may be output to CPU 40.
- the band-pass filter circuit f1 instead of acquiring the amplitude of the output signal of the band-pass filter circuit f1, the band-pass filter circuit f1 is connected via the jitter detection circuit i4. The jitter of the output signal is obtained.
- step 13 the minimum value of jitter is determined from the multiple acquisition results of jitter stored in the RAM 41, and the value of the frequency adjustment amount F corresponding to the minimum value is extracted (see Fig. 18). This is the frequency adjustment amount.
- the force S described in the case where the optimum frequency adjustment value is obtained based on the result of actually measuring the amplitude of the output signal of the pan-pass filter circuit f 1 is not limited thereto.
- the optimum frequency adjustment value may be obtained by using.
- the case where the phase adjustment amount when the absolute value of the signal level of the demodulated signal S dm becomes the maximum is set as the optimal phase adjustment amount is not limited to this.
- FIG. As shown, the phase difference between the output signal S g8 of the sine wave generation circuit g 8 and the output signal S g2 of the low-pass filter g 2 is detected, and the phase adjustment amount when the phase difference becomes almost zero May be set as the optimal phase adjustment amount.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the adjustment value may be obtained.
- the case where the optimum adjustment amount acquisition processing is performed in at least one of the manufacturing process, the adjustment process, and the inspection process of the optical disc device 20 has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this. For example, it may be performed in response to a request from the host.
- the present invention is not limited to this. You may acquire only one.
- the center frequency, the optimal frequency adjustment amount, and the optimal phase adjustment amount are set in accordance with the new linear velocity.
- the optimum frequency adjustment amount corresponding to the designated linear velocity is not stored in the data area of the flash memory 39, the different linear velocity stored in the data area of the flash memory 39 is used.
- a predetermined calculation such as an approximation calculation or a trapping calculation may be performed with reference to the optimum frequency adjustment amount corresponding to the above to estimate the optimum frequency adjustment amount at the specified linear velocity.
- the optimal phase adjustment amount corresponding to the specified linear velocity is not stored in the data area of the flash memory 39
- the different linear velocity stored in the data area of the flash memory 39 is used.
- a predetermined calculation such as an approximation calculation or an interpolation calculation may be performed with reference to the optimum phase adjustment amount corresponding to the above, and the optimum phase adjustment amount at the designated linear velocity may be estimated.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a memory i5 storing the relationship is provided in the adjustment circuit 28i, and the center frequency adjustment circuit i1 stores a corresponding optimal frequency adjustment amount in the memory i5 based on the linear velocity information from the CPU 40. May be extracted from
- the relationship between the optimal phase adjustment amount and the linear velocity is stored in the memory i5, and the phase adjustment circuit i2 stores the corresponding optimal phase adjustment amount based on the linear velocity information from the CPU 40 in the memory i5. It may be extracted from i5.
- the frequency adjustment amount when the optimum frequency adjustment amount does not change so much with the linear velocity, the frequency adjustment amount may be a fixed value in the center frequency adjustment circuit i1.
- the phase adjustment amount in the phase adjustment circuit i 2 may be a fixed value.
- the phase adjustment circuit i 2 when the signal delay amount in the peak signal generation circuit 28 f is small, the phase adjustment circuit i 2 does not need to adjust the phase of the timing clock signal S tim. good. In this case, the phase adjustment circuit i 2 may not be provided.
- the optimal frequency adjustment amount and the optimal phase adjustment amount are set for each linear velocity.
- a temperature sensor is provided near the optical pickup device 23, and at least one of the optimum frequency adjustment amount and the optimum phase adjustment amount is obtained for each temperature. Is also good.
- the optical disc 15 complies with the DVD + R standard has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and may be, for example, DV D + RW.
- an optical disk device capable of recording and reproducing data has been described as an optical disk device.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and at least one of data recording, reproducing, and erasing is capable of recording data. Good.
- the optical pickup device 23 includes one semiconductor laser.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a plurality of semiconductor lasers that emit light beams having different wavelengths may be provided.
- at least one of a semiconductor laser emitting a light beam having a wavelength of about 405 nm, a semiconductor laser emitting a light beam having a wavelength of about 660 nm, and a semiconductor laser emitting a light beam having a wavelength of about 780 nm is used. May be included.
- the optical disk device may be an optical disk device that supports a plurality of types of optical disks conforming to different standards.
- the interface 38 conforms to the ATAP I standard has been described.
- AT A AT Attachment
- SCS I Small Computer System Interface
- USB Universal Serial Bus
- USB 2.0 USB 2.0
- IEEE 1394 IEEE 1394
- IEEE 802.3 Serial ATA
- Serial ATAP I USB 2.0
Landscapes
- Optical Recording Or Reproduction (AREA)
- Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04720706A EP1662492A1 (en) | 2003-09-02 | 2004-03-15 | Wobble signal demodulating circuit and optical disc |
US10/941,816 US20050063277A1 (en) | 2003-09-02 | 2004-09-16 | Wobble signal demodulation circuit and optical disk apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003-309889 | 2003-09-02 | ||
JP2003309889A JP3734485B2 (ja) | 2003-09-02 | 2003-09-02 | 光ディスク装置 |
JP2003348378A JP3792223B2 (ja) | 2003-10-07 | 2003-10-07 | 光ディスク装置 |
JP2003-348378 | 2003-10-07 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/941,816 Continuation US20050063277A1 (en) | 2003-09-02 | 2004-09-16 | Wobble signal demodulation circuit and optical disk apparatus |
Publications (1)
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WO2005024804A1 true WO2005024804A1 (ja) | 2005-03-17 |
Family
ID=34277684
Family Applications (1)
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PCT/JP2004/003399 WO2005024804A1 (ja) | 2003-09-02 | 2004-03-15 | ウォブル信号復調回路及び光ディスク装置 |
Country Status (3)
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US (1) | US20050063277A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1662492A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005024804A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (4)
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JP2009193618A (ja) * | 2008-02-13 | 2009-08-27 | Hitachi-Lg Data Storage Inc | 光ディスク装置およびディスク判別方法 |
JP5582140B2 (ja) * | 2009-05-11 | 2014-09-03 | 日本電気株式会社 | 受信装置および復調方法 |
JP2010287286A (ja) | 2009-06-12 | 2010-12-24 | Funai Electric Co Ltd | 光ディスク装置 |
US9165598B2 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2015-10-20 | Oracle International Corporation | Pre-compensated optical tape wobble patterns |
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KR19990038765A (ko) * | 1997-11-06 | 1999-06-05 | 구자홍 | 기록매체 구동방법 및 장치 |
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US6345018B1 (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2002-02-05 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Demodulation circuit for demodulating wobbling signal |
TW502498B (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2002-09-11 | Acer Labs Inc | Multi-mode filtering device and method therefor |
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2004
- 2004-03-15 WO PCT/JP2004/003399 patent/WO2005024804A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-03-15 EP EP04720706A patent/EP1662492A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-09-16 US US10/941,816 patent/US20050063277A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JP2000011532A (ja) * | 1998-06-17 | 2000-01-14 | Sony Corp | 光情報アドレス検出装置および光情報再生装置 |
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JP2004046989A (ja) * | 2002-07-12 | 2004-02-12 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 復調回路、情報再生装置、及び情報再生方法 |
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EP1662492A1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
US20050063277A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
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