WO2004114725A1 - Wellenfeldsynthesevorrichtung und verfahren zum treiben eines arrays von lautsprechern - Google Patents
Wellenfeldsynthesevorrichtung und verfahren zum treiben eines arrays von lautsprechern Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004114725A1 WO2004114725A1 PCT/EP2004/005824 EP2004005824W WO2004114725A1 WO 2004114725 A1 WO2004114725 A1 WO 2004114725A1 EP 2004005824 W EP2004005824 W EP 2004005824W WO 2004114725 A1 WO2004114725 A1 WO 2004114725A1
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- loudspeakers
- virtual source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
- H04S3/002—Non-adaptive circuits, e.g. manually adjustable or static, for enhancing the sound image or the spatial distribution
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
- H04S3/02—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic of the matrix type, i.e. in which input signals are combined algebraically, e.g. after having been phase shifted with respect to each other
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S2420/00—Techniques used stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
- H04S2420/13—Application of wave-field synthesis in stereophonic audio systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
Definitions
- the present invention relates to wave field synthesis systems and in particular to the avoidance of artifacts due to loudspeaker arrays with a limited number of loudspeakers.
- Every point that is captured by a wave is the starting point for an elementary wave that propagates in a spherical or circular manner.
- a large number of loudspeakers that are arranged next to each other can be used to simulate any shape of an incoming wavefront.
- the audio signals of each loudspeaker have to be fed with a time delay and amplitude scaling in such a way that the emitted sound fields of the individual loudspeakers overlap correctly. If there are several sound sources, the contribution to each loudspeaker is calculated separately for each source and the resulting signals are added. In a room with reflective walls, reflections can also be reproduced via the loudspeaker array as additional sources. The effort involved in the calculation therefore depends heavily on the number of sound sources, the reflection properties of the recording room and the number of speakers.
- the particular advantage of this technique is that a natural spatial sound impression is possible over a large area of the playback room.
- the direction and distance of sound sources are reproduced very precisely.
- virtual sound sources can even be positioned between the real speaker array and the listener.
- wave field synthesis works well for environments whose properties are known, irregularities do occur when the nature changes or when the wave field synthesis is carried out on the basis of an environment condition that does not match the actual nature of the environment.
- the technique of wave field synthesis can also be used advantageously to complement a visual perception with a corresponding spatial audio perception.
- the focus in production in virtual studios has been to convey an authentic visual impression of the virtual scene.
- the acoustic impression that goes with the image is usually imprinted on the audio signal by manual work steps in what is known as post-production, or is classified as too complex and time-consuming to implement and is therefore neglected. This usually leads to a contradiction of the individual sensations, which leads to the fact that the designed space, i. H. the designed scene, which is perceived as less authentic.
- “Hearing with the ears of the camera” is to be made possible in order to make a scene appear more real.
- the aim here is to achieve the highest possible correlation between the sound event location in the image and the hearing event location in the surround field.
- Camera parameters such as Zoom, should be included in the sound design as well as a position of two loudspeakers L and R.
- tracking data of a virtual studio are written into a file together with an associated time code by the system.
- picture, sound and time code are recorded on a MAZ.
- the camdump file is transferred to a computer, which generates control data for an audio workstation and outputs it via a MIDI interface in sync with the image from the MAZ.
- the actual audio processing such as positioning the sound source in the surround field and inserting early reflections and reverberation takes place within the audio workstation.
- the signal is processed for a 5.1 surround speaker system.
- Camera tracking parameters as well as positions of sound sources in the recording setting can be recorded in real film sets. Such data can also be generated in virtual studios.
- an actor or presenter stands alone in a recording room.
- he stands in front of a blue wall, which is also known as a blue box or blue panel.
- a pattern of blue and light blue stripes is applied to this blue wall.
- the special thing about this pattern is that the stripes are of different widths and thus result in a multitude of stripe combinations. Due to the unique stripe combinations on the blue wall, it is possible to determine exactly in which direction the camera is looking when the post-processing is replaced by a virtual background. With the help of this information, the computer can determine the background for the current camera viewing angle. Sensors on the camera are also evaluated, which record and output additional camera parameters.
- Typical parameters of a camera which are recorded by means of sensors, are the three degrees of translation x, y, z, the three degrees of rotation, which can also be called roll, tilt, pan. are drawn, and the focal length or the zoom, which is synonymous with the information about the opening angle of the camera.
- a tracking system can be used that consists of several infrared cameras that determine the position of an infrared sensor attached to the camera. This also determines the position of the camera.
- a real-time computer can now calculate the background for the current image. The blue hue that the blue background had was then removed from the image, so that the virtual background is imported instead of the blue background.
- wave field synthesis In the audio area, the technology of wave field synthesis (WFS) can be used to achieve good spatial sound for a large range of listeners.
- wave field synthesis is based on the principle of Huygens, according to which wave fronts can be shaped and built up by superimposing elementary waves. According to a mathematically exact theoretical description, an infinite number of sources at infinitely small distances would have to be used to generate the elementary waves. In practice, however, many loudspeakers are finally used at a finite distance apart. Each of these loudspeakers is controlled according to the WFS principle with an audio signal from a virtual source, which has a specific delay and a specific level. Levels and delays are usually different for all speakers.
- the wave field synthesis system works on the basis of the Huygens principle and reconstructs a given waveform, for example a virtual source, which is arranged at a certain distance from a demonstration area or to a listener in the demonstration area by a large number of single waves.
- the wave field synthesis algorithm thus receives information about the actual position of a single speaker from the speaker array, in order to then calculate a component signal for this single speaker, which this speaker must then ultimately emit so that the listener overlays the speaker signal from one speaker with the speaker signals of the other active ones Loudspeaker a reconstruction results in the listener having the impression that he is not being "sonicated" by many individual speakers, but only by a single speaker at the position of the virtual source.
- each virtual source for each loudspeaker ie the component signal of the first virtual source for the first loudspeaker, the second virtual source for the first loudspeaker, etc.
- the contribution from each virtual source for each loudspeaker is calculated in order to then add up the component signals to finally get the actual speaker signal.
- the overlaying of the loudspeaker signals of all active loudspeakers at the listener would result in the listener not having the impression that he is being emitted by a large array of loudspeakers, but rather that the sound he hears only comes from three sound sources positioned at special positions, which are the same as the virtual sources.
- the component signals are usually calculated by applying a delay and / or a scaling factor to the audio signal assigned to a virtual source, depending on the position of the virtual source and the position of the loudspeaker, at a certain point in time, in order to delay and / or scale it Obtain audio signal of the virtual source, which represents the loudspeaker signal immediately if only one virtual source is present, or which after addition with further component signals for the loudspeaker under consideration from other virtual sources then contributes to the loudspeaker signal for the loudspeaker under consideration.
- Typical wave field synthesis algorithms work regardless of how many speakers are in the speaker array.
- the theory underlying wave field synthesis is that any sound field can be ne infinitely high number of individual speakers can be reconstructed exactly, the individual individual speakers being arranged infinitely close to one another. In practice, however, neither the infinitely high number nor the infinitely close arrangement can be realized. Instead, there is a limited number of speakers, which are also arranged at certain predetermined distances from each other. This means that in real systems only an approximation to the actual waveform is achieved, which would take place if the virtual source were actually available, i.e. would be a real source.
- the loudspeaker array can only be viewed when viewing a cinema, e.g. B. is arranged on the side of the cinema screen.
- the wave field synthesis module would generate loudspeaker signals for these loudspeakers, the loudspeaker signals for these loudspeakers normally being the same as for corresponding loudspeakers in a loudspeaker array that not only extends over the side of a cinema, for example, on which the screen is arranged, but also which is also located on the left, right and behind the audience room.
- This "360 °" speaker array will of course provide a better approximation to an exact wave field than just a one-sided array, for example in front of the audience.
- a wave field synthesis module typically receives no feedback as to how many speakers are present or whether it is a one-sided or multi-sided or even a 360 ° array or not.
- a wave field synthesis device calculates a speaker signal for a loudspeaker due to the position of the loudspeaker and independent depending on which other speakers are still available or not.
- FIG. 9 An artifact problem is discussed below with reference to FIG. 9, which arises when a virtual source 900 is located in a listening room 902, which is defined by a loudspeaker array 904 arranged around the room, which is shown in FIG. 9 Exemplary embodiment has array groups 904a, 904b, 904c and 904d.
- a computation device not shown in FIG. 9, generates driver signals for the loudspeakers belonging to the loudspeaker subarrays 904a, 904b, 904c, 904d, one of which is designated 906 by way of example.
- the driver signals for the individual loudspeakers 904 are supplied in such a way that the sound signals or wave fronts emitted by the loudspeakers point to the virtual position of the virtual one Source 900 to be focused.
- each loudspeaker 904 first emits a sound signal in its main radiation direction, that is to say typically perpendicular to the loudspeaker membrane.
- the wavefronts are focused on the virtual position of the virtual source 900, as is the case with those emanating from the individual loudspeakers dashed lines (e.g. 910) is shown.
- the loudspeaker from which the dashed line 910 originates like all other loudspeakers, generates a loudspeaker signal that runs towards the virtual source, in such a way that a solid line associated with the dashed line 910, which is terminated with an arrow tip and is designated by 912 in FIG. 9, represents, as it were, the useful signal of the virtual source.
- the wavefront running towards the virtual source 900 is represented by a further dashed line 914, which leads to a useful signal 916 of the virtual source 900, as is represented by the solid line 916 closed with an arrow.
- the one wave field is all dashed lines which are intended to represent the focusing of the loudspeaker signals on the position of the virtual source 900.
- the “useful” wave field which is represented by the solid lines closed with an arrow in FIG. 9 (for example 912 and 916).
- a signal of the loudspeaker subarray 904a and a loudspeaker signal from at least the lower parts of the loudspeaker arrays 904b would be generated and 904d are generated.
- a wavefront would be generated by the loudspeaker subarray 904c and by at least parts of the loudspeaker arrays 904d and 904b, which will typically be above the virtual source.
- the object of the present invention is to create a wave field synthesis concept with at least reduced artifacts.
- the present invention is based on the finding that a reduction or elimination of artifacts due to the “generation wave field”, as is referred to on FIG. 9 is achieved in that only a partial reconstruction of the wave field of a virtual source is carried out by not supplying all the loudspeakers of the loudspeaker array with driver signal components, but first by relevant loudspeakers of the loudspeaker array on the basis of the Position of the virtual source are determined, according to which driver signal components are calculated for the speakers determined to be relevant on the basis of the audio signal for the virtual source, and then only the relevant speakers are operated with driver signal components calculated for the same, while the non-relevant speakers cannot be operated with driver signal components due to the audio signal assigned to the virtual source.
- noise emission from the loudspeakers is suppressed, which are arranged with respect to the listener position and the virtual source such that the listener position is between the virtual source and the loudspeakers.
- the loudspeakers in which this is the case are non-relevant loudspeakers and are therefore also not activated in order to suppress the generation wave field in the subspace in which the listener position is located, so that the listener only remains at his listener position perceives the useful wave field of the virtual source and will therefore have an artifact-free listening experience.
- a listener will therefore have a significantly reduced listening pleasure on this page since only the generating wave field exists here, but not the useful wave field with regard to a virtual source.
- the reduction in auditory impression is on the "bad" Side of the listener room, i.e. in the area of the listener room, which is located on the opposite side of the defined listener position used for determining the relevance with regard to the virtual source, so that this loss of quality with regard to the overall gain on the entire listener room or on the Majority of listeners are acceptable.
- the device for determining the relevant loudspeakers of the loudspeaker array on the basis of the position of the virtual source and the defined positions of the loudspeakers is effective in order to reduce artifacts due to loudspeaker signals of the “generation wave field” which are opposite to one another move in one direction from the virtual source to the defined listener position.
- all loudspeakers are determined as not relevant for a virtual source, in which an angle between their main radiation direction and the direction from the virtual source through this loudspeaker is greater than 90 degrees. This means that a vector from the virtual source to the loudspeaker has no directional component that is parallel to a main radiation direction of a loudspeaker. If this is the case, the loudspeaker is determined to be irrelevant, since this loudspeaker will then not be able to contribute to the reconstruction of a wave field that is to propagate from the virtual source to the listener position and not vice versa.
- a line array is used as the loudspeaker array, with which a so-called receiver line can be generated in the listener room, which can take any form in principle, as described in the dissertation entitled “Sound Reproduction by Wave Field Synthesis ", Edwin NG Verheijen, 1998, sets out the listening room on the basis of the receiver line for which the wave field reconstruction is optimal, divided into two half-spaces.
- a line that runs parallel to the receiver line and runs through the virtual position divides the listener room into a first and a second half-room.
- all loudspeakers are determined to be irrelevant in order to deactivate the generation wave field on account of the virtual source in this half space, in which a good audio impression should be.
- all loudspeakers are determined to be relevant in order to generate the useful wave field of the virtual source that is necessary for a good audio impression in the half space in which the listener position is located.
- loudspeakers are determined as not relevant in a preferred exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in which the angle between the loudspeaker axis, i.e. the main radiation direction, and a line through the virtual source on the one hand and the loudspeaker under consideration on the other hand is not greater than 90 degrees, in turn eliminate the generation wave field for components of the virtual source outside the room facing away from the listener room, such that only the useful wave field of the virtual source is present in the listener room.
- the loudspeakers that emit loudspeaker signals that have a direction that is towards the direction of are deactivated again the virtual source is opposite to the listener position.
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a wave field synthesis device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a basic circuit diagram of a wave field synthesis environment
- FIG. 3 shows a more detailed illustration of the wave field synthesis environment shown in FIG. 2;
- Fig. 4 shows the situation with a virtual source outside the audience room to identify the relevant speakers and the non-relevant speakers for the virtual
- FIG. 5 shows a representation of the angular relationship between a virtual source and a loudspeaker axis
- FIG. 7 shows a more detailed representation of the situation of a virtual source within the audience room
- 8 shows a basic block diagram of a wave field synthesis system with a wave field synthesis module and loudspeaker array in a demonstration area
- FIG. 9 shows a basic illustration to explain the reconstruction of a wave field of a point-like radiating virtual source.
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a wave field synthesis device according to the invention.
- the wave field synthesis device is used to drive an array of loudspeakers with driver signals.
- the loudspeakers are arranged at different defined positions in a listening room, as is known in the field of wave field synthesis.
- a driver signal for a loudspeaker is based on the one hand on an audio signal that is assigned to a virtual source that has a virtual position with respect to the loudspeaker array, and on the other hand on the defined position of the loudspeaker for which the driver signal is intended.
- the wave field synthesis device is designed in this case to calculate a driver signal component for a loudspeaker for each virtual source, in which case the driver signal components for a loudspeaker under consideration, which have been calculated on the basis of the various virtual sources, are then combined to finally the driver signal for the sound To obtain speakers into which several virtual sources or the audio signals assigned to several virtual sources are received.
- the wave field synthesis device comprises a device 10 for determining relevant loudspeakers of the loudspeaker array.
- the device 10 is designed to carry out the determination on the basis of a virtual position of the virtual source, which is supplied via a first input 12.
- the device 10 for determining works on the basis of the position of the loudspeaker under consideration, which is fed to the device via a further input 14 in the basic block diagram shown in FIG. 1.
- the positions of the loudspeakers in the loudspeaker array are typically predefined and, for example, will be stored in the form of a table, for example within the device 10, and therefore do not necessarily have to be supplied via a separate input 14.
- the device 10 for determining relevant loudspeakers works on the basis of a listener position under consideration, which can be supplied via a further input 16. It should also be pointed out here that the listener position or, in a preferred embodiment, a half-space of listener positions that are to be operated without artefacts, will not change every time, but can also be permanently set. Depending on the embodiment, the listener position or the plurality of listener positions that are located where the generation wave field is deactivated can therefore change continuously or be predetermined.
- the receiver line which in turn is also preferably placed through the center of the listener room, to define the defined listener position for each virtual source on the one hand and each position of each virtual source on the other hand determine such that the listener position input 16 is used to determine the relevant speakers of the speaker array.
- the device 10 is designed to reduce or eliminate artifacts due to loudspeakers that output loudspeaker signals that move in a direction opposite from the virtual source to the listener position.
- loudspeakers that output loudspeaker signals that move in a direction opposite from the virtual source to the listener position.
- Emission direction has a component that is opposite to the direction from the virtual source to the listener position, or has only one component that is perpendicular to the direction from the virtual source to the listener position.
- the device 10 is designed to identify the relevant loudspeakers and to transmit this information via an output 18 to a device 20 for calculating the driver signal components for the relevant loudspeakers.
- the device 20 is designed as a conventional wave field synthesis module, in that it calculates driver signal components for loudspeakers on the basis of the wave field synthesis technology, the driver signal nal components for the loudspeakers are distinguished from one another in a delay (delay) and a scaling, that is to say an attenuation / amplification, but apart from the delay on the one hand and the scaling on the other hand, the sequence of samples in a driver signal component will be the same as it is is specified for a virtual source, that is to say it will be equal to the audio signal that is assigned to the virtual source.
- the device 20 for calculating is designed to output the driver signal components for the relevant loudspeakers at an output 22 and to feed them to a device 24.
- the device 24 serves to deliver the driver signal components for a virtual source to the relevant loudspeakers, while no driver signal components for the virtual source are transmitted to irrelevant loudspeakers, in order to use the “generation wave field”, which is explained with reference to FIG. 9 has been suppressed in an area of the listener room in which the defined listener position is.
- the wave field synthesis system has a speaker array 800 that with respect to a presentation area 802.
- the speaker array shown in Fig. 8 which is a 360 ° array, includes four array sides 800a, 800b, 800c and 800d.
- the demonstration area 802 e.g. B. a cinema hall
- the viewer who is sitting at the so-called optimal point P in the demonstration area 802, would see the front, that is, the screen.
- Sub-array 800a would then be behind the viewer, while sub-array 800d would be to the left of the viewer, and sub-array 800b would be to the right of the viewer.
- Each speaker array consists of a number of different individual speakers 808, each of which is controlled with its own speaker signals, which are provided by a wave field synthesis module 810 via a data bus 812, which is only shown schematically in FIG. 8.
- the wave field synthesis module is designed to use the information about e.g. B.
- the type and location of the loudspeakers with respect to the presentation area 802, that is to say loudspeaker information (LS information), and, if appropriate, with other inputs to calculate loudspeaker signals' for the individual loudspeakers 808, each of which is provided by the audio tracks for virtual sources, to which position information is also provided are assigned, are derived according to the known wave field synthesis algorithms.
- the Wellenfeldsyn ⁇ thesis module can also obtain further inputs, such as information about the acoustics of the pre ⁇ Lead range etc.
- the following statements on the present invention can in principle be carried out for each point P in the demonstration area.
- the optimum point can thus be anywhere in the demonstration area 802.
- wave field synthesis module 800 A more detailed illustration of the wave field synthesis module 800 is given below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 with reference to the wave field synthesis module 200 in FIG. 2 and to the arrangement shown in detail in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 2 shows a wave field synthesis environment in which the present invention can be implemented.
- the center of a wave field synthesis environment is a wave field synthesis module 200, which comprises various inputs 202, 204, 206 and 208 and various outputs 210, 212, 214, 216.
- Various audio signals for virtual sources are fed to the wave field synthesis module via inputs 202 to 204. So the input 202 receives z.
- the audio signal 1 would be e.g. For example, the language of an actor who moves from a left side of the screen to a right side of the screen and possibly additionally away from or towards the viewer.
- the audio signal 1 would then be the actual language of this actor, while the position information as a function of time represents the current position of the first actor in the recording setting at a certain point in time.
- the audio signal n would be the language of, for example, another actor who moves the same or different than the first actor.
- the current position of the other actor to whom the audio signal n is assigned is communicated to the wave field synthesis module 200 by position information synchronized with the audio signal n.
- there are different virtual sources depending on the recording setting with the audio signal the virtual source is fed to the wave field synthesis module 200 as a separate audio track.
- a wave field synthesis module feeds a plurality of loudspeakers LSI, LS2, LS3, LSm by outputting loudspeaker signals via the outputs 210 to 216 to the individual loudspeakers.
- the positions of the individual loudspeakers in a playback setting, such as a cinema, are communicated to the wave field synthesis module 200 via the input 206.
- the wave field synthesis module 200 In the cinema hall there are many individual loudspeakers grouped around the cinema viewer, which are preferably arranged in arrays in such a way that there are loudspeakers in front of the viewer, for example behind the screen, as well as behind the viewer and to the right and left of the viewer.
- other inputs can be communicated to the wave field synthesis module 200, such as information about the room acoustics, etc., in order to be able to simulate the actual room acoustics prevailing during the recording set-up in a cinema hall.
- the loudspeaker signal which is supplied to the loudspeaker LSI via the output 210 will be a superimposition of component signals of the virtual sources, in that the loudspeaker signal for the loudspeaker LSI is a first component which originates from the virtual source 1, a second Component, which goes back to the virtual source 2, as well as an nth component, which goes back to the virtual source n, comprise.
- the individual component signals are linearly superposed, i.e. added after their calculation, to simulate the linear superposition at the ear of the listener, who will hear a linear superposition of the sound sources he perceives in a real setting.
- the wave field synthesis module 200 has a strongly parallel structure in such a way that, starting from the audio signal for each virtual source and starting from the position information for the corresponding virtual source, delay information Vi and scaling factors SFi are first calculated, which are based on the position information and the position of the loudspeaker under consideration, e.g. B. depend on the loudspeaker with the order number j, i.e. LSj.
- Known algorithms which are implemented in devices 300, 302, 304, 306, calculate the delay information Vi and a scaling factor SFi based on the position information of a virtual source and the position of the speaker j in question.
- a discrete value AWi (t A ) for the component signal Ki is generated for a current time t A j calculated in a speaker signal ultimately obtained.
- This is done by means 310, 312, 314, 316, as shown schematically in FIG. 3. 3 also shows, so to speak, a "flash light recording" at time t A for the individual component signals.
- the individual component signals are then summed by a summer 320 to determine the discrete value for the current time t A of the loudspeaker signal for loudspeaker j, which then for the output (e.g. output 214 if speaker j is speaker LS3) can be fed to the speaker.
- a value that is valid at the current time due to a delay and scaling with a scaling factor is first calculated individually for each virtual source, after which all component signals for a loudspeaker are summed on the basis of the different virtual sources. If, for example, there were only one virtual source, the summer would be omitted and the signal present at the output of the summer in FIG. B. corresponds to the signal output from device 310 when virtual source 1 is the only virtual source.
- a loudspeaker signal is obtained at the output 322 of FIG. 3, which is a superimposition of the component signals for this loudspeaker due to the different virtual sources 1, 2, 3, ..., n.
- An arrangement as shown in FIG. 3 would in principle be provided for each loudspeaker 808 in the wave field synthesis module 810, unless that which is preferred for practical reasons always z. B. 2, 4 or 8 lying speakers can be controlled with the same speaker signal.
- the situation of the virtual source within the listener room is illustrated with reference to FIG. 4, while the situation of the virtual source within the listener room will be explained with reference to FIG. 6.
- a listener room 902 is shown in FIG. 4, but the virtual source 900 is located outside the listener room. 4 also shows a receiver line 400 which is defined in such a way that optimal wave synthesis takes place on it.
- the receiver line 400 which is calculated individually for each virtual source, is defined such that it runs through the center 402 of the listener room on the one hand and is perpendicular to a line 404 on the other hand of the virtual source 900 to the center 402 of the listener room.
- the receiver line 400 forms the boundary between the relevant loudspeakers that are on the side of the receiver line 400 facing the virtual source 900 and the non-relevant loudspeakers that are on the other side of the receiver line.
- the determination of the loudspeakers above the receiver line 400 as relevant loudspeakers ensures that at least all of the loudspeakers of the Loudspeaker sub-arrays 904a that emit loudspeaker signals that have a component parallel to line 404, but that is opposite to the direction from virtual source 900 to the center of the listening room, are not loaded with driver signal components. Since the virtual source is at the position shown in FIG.
- the loudspeakers are determined as relevant loudspeakers in which the angle between a loudspeaker axis 500 and a line from the virtual source 900 to the loudspeaker is not greater than 90 degrees, since this Speakers will otherwise not make an artifact-free contribution for the virtual source 900, as is illustrated with reference to FIG. 5.
- FIG. 6 The situation in which the virtual source 900 is located in the listening room is discussed below with reference to FIG. 6.
- the situation in FIG. 6 is similar to the general problem illustrated in FIG. 9.
- the “generation wave field” is also shown in FIG. 6 with dashed lines, while the “useful wave field” is shown with solid lines, which are terminated with an arrow head.
- the center point 402 of the listener room is also shown in FIG. 6 as an example of a defined listener position.
- Another loudspeaker of the lower loudspeaker sub-array 904a is shown as an artifact-producing loudspeaker.
- FIG. 9 the situation in FIG. 6 is similar to the general problem illustrated in FIG. 9.
- the “generation wave field” is also shown in FIG. 6 with dashed lines, while the “useful wave field” is shown with solid lines, which are terminated with an arrow head.
- the center point 402 of the listener room is also shown in FIG. 6 as an example of a defined listener position.
- the listener room is divided, for example, by a dividing line 600 into an artifact-free area 600a, in which only the useful wave field is located after the relevant loudspeakers have been determined according to the invention, and into an artifact area 600b, in which only the generating wave field is located, but in which due to the deactivation of the artifact-generating loudspeakers for the virtual source there is no useful wave field of the virtual source 900, but only the generating wave field which is opposite in direction to the useful wave field.
- the 90-degree limit shown with regard to FIG. 5 does not exist in the scenario shown in FIG. 6, in which the virtual source 900 is located in the listening room 902, since in principle all loudspeakers can make a contribution.
- the relevant loudspeakers are determined as follows: It is shown below with reference to Fig. 7. Again, the receiver line 400 is used to separate the relevant loudspeakers from the non-relevant loudspeakers. In detail, as already explained with reference to Fig. 4, the receiver Position the line for the virtual source 900 such that it runs through the center 402 of the listener room or the wave field synthesis loudspeaker array.
- the line 404 is constructed again from the virtual source 900 to the center 402, which is for example the defined listener position, to then form a dividing line 600 which is parallel to the Rece iver line 400, which, however, runs through the virtual position of the virtual source 900, as can be seen from FIG. 7.
- This will make the audience room again divided into the artifact-free area 600a and the artifact-affected area 600b, the artifact-free area 600a being the area of the listener room with respect to the dividing line 600 in which the defined listener position 402 is located, while the artifact-affected area 600b is the area of the Listening room is where the defined listener is not.
- the basis for the definition of the dividing line 600 and thus the relevant loudspeaker on the one hand and the irrelevant loudspeaker on the other hand is thus in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 the definition of the receiver line for the wave field synthesis, which can be done relatively freely.
- the line for which there is no amplitude error is the receiver line, while there will be a small error for systematic reasons in front of and behind the receiver line due to the fact that the speaker array is not completely three-dimensional.
- the center point of the array is chosen as the listener position through which the receiver line in particular is to pass, in such a way that at least in the middle of the listener room there is no amplitude error.
- the dividing line 600 perpendicular to the straight line 404 from the virtual source to the center 402 in such a way that the calculation possibility for the wave field synthesis can be carried out more efficiently due to the simplified geometric relationships.
- a loudspeaker was not yet a relevant loudspeaker at a previous point in time, but due to a moving virtual source to one relevant loudspeaker has become “soft” to switch on this "recently” relevant loudspeaker.
- the level of a loudspeaker that has recently been identified as relevant should slowly be brought up to its nominal level.
- the nominal level is the level or scaling that the device for calculating the driver signal components determines on the basis of the usual wave field synthesis laws. This ensures makes sure that there are no level jumps, especially if, for example, the position of sources within the listening room changes significantly and from one time to the next a loudspeaker will have a strong signal component due to a virtual source that did not exist at the previous time was.
- the “soft” switch-on can take place in such a way that within a period of, for example, 10 points in time, that is 10 time samples of the audio signal, from a zero level at the point in time at which the loudspeaker is switched on, that is to say at the point in time the determination that the loudspeaker is relevant is approached to the nominal level resulting from the wave field synthesis calculations.
- switch-on time ie whether it will be 10 points in time as explained above or only two points in time or even 20 points in time, will depend in particular on the specific implementation, since there are also other requirements of wave field synthesis must be considered, namely that the overall level of the virtual source should still be correct and that the localizability of the virtual source must not be lost if the level of the driver signal components due to a virtual source is influenced too much.
- the manipulations according to the invention can lead to driver signal components for non-relevant loudspeakers which, as explained above, do not lead to the loudspeakers.
- Provided speakers, but which can be calculated by a wave field synthesis device, will lead to an overall perceived reduced level of the audio signal from the virtual source.
- This problem can be counteracted in that the driver signal components for the relevant loudspeakers are raised in order to again achieve a certain target level of the virtual source at the "ear" of the listener.
- driver signal components for loudspeakers that are just in the process of being switched on, which was therefore not yet relevant, for example, 10 times in succession, to be excluded from such a level increase in such a way that, on the one hand, the level of the virtual source is perceived without level fluctuations, but on the other hand, the "soft" switching on is not is at risk.
- the amplitude of the driver signal component for a loudspeaker which is currently in the switch-on process can be increased stepwise, linearly, sinusoidally or in any other way monotonically over a predetermined number of times, depending on existing computing resources and implementation requirements.
- the method according to the invention for driving an array of loudspeakers with driver signals can be implemented in hardware or in software.
- the implementation can take place on a digital storage medium, in particular a floppy disk or CD with electronically readable control signals, which can thus be combined with a programmable computer system. can act that the process is carried out.
- the invention thus also consists in a computer program product with a program code stored on a machine-readable carrier for carrying out the method according to the invention when the computer program product runs on a computer.
- the invention can thus be used to implement a computer program with a program code for carrying out the method for driving an array of loudspeakers when the computer program runs on a computer.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2006515803A JP4338733B2 (ja) | 2003-06-24 | 2004-05-28 | 波面合成装置およびラウドスピーカアレイの駆動方法 |
EP04739448A EP1637012B1 (de) | 2003-06-24 | 2004-05-28 | Wellenfeldsynthesevorrichtung und verfahren zum treiben eines arrays von lautsprechern |
AU2004250746A AU2004250746B2 (en) | 2003-06-24 | 2004-05-28 | Wave field synthesis device and method for driving an array of loudspeakers |
CA2530626A CA2530626C (en) | 2003-06-24 | 2004-05-28 | Wave field synthesis apparatus and method for driving an array of loudspeakers |
DE502004002688T DE502004002688D1 (de) | 2003-06-24 | 2004-05-28 | Wellenfeldsynthesevorrichtung und verfahren zum treiben eines arrays von lautsprechern |
US11/305,546 US7684578B2 (en) | 2003-06-24 | 2005-12-16 | Wave field synthesis apparatus and method of driving an array of loudspeakers |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE10328335A DE10328335B4 (de) | 2003-06-24 | 2003-06-24 | Wellenfeldsyntesevorrichtung und Verfahren zum Treiben eines Arrays von Lautsprechern |
DE10328335.8 | 2003-06-24 |
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US11/305,546 Continuation US7684578B2 (en) | 2003-06-24 | 2005-12-16 | Wave field synthesis apparatus and method of driving an array of loudspeakers |
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US (1) | US7684578B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1637012B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4338733B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100719816B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN100536609C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE352177T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2004250746B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2530626C (de) |
DE (2) | DE10328335B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004114725A1 (de) |
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EP3232688A1 (de) | 2016-04-12 | 2017-10-18 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bereitstellen vereinzelter schallzonen |
WO2017178454A1 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2017-10-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Apparatus and method for providing individual sound zones |
US11310617B2 (en) | 2016-07-05 | 2022-04-19 | Sony Corporation | Sound field forming apparatus and method |
WO2018024458A1 (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-02-08 | Philips Lighting Holding B.V. | Lighting device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20060019610A (ko) | 2006-03-03 |
AU2004250746B2 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
CA2530626A1 (en) | 2004-12-29 |
DE10328335A1 (de) | 2005-01-20 |
JP2007507121A (ja) | 2007-03-22 |
CN1826838A (zh) | 2006-08-30 |
ATE352177T1 (de) | 2007-02-15 |
AU2004250746A1 (en) | 2004-12-29 |
EP1637012A1 (de) | 2006-03-22 |
EP1637012B1 (de) | 2007-01-17 |
DE502004002688D1 (de) | 2007-03-08 |
DE10328335B4 (de) | 2005-07-21 |
US7684578B2 (en) | 2010-03-23 |
JP4338733B2 (ja) | 2009-10-07 |
KR100719816B1 (ko) | 2007-05-18 |
CN100536609C (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
US20060098830A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
CA2530626C (en) | 2013-07-16 |
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