WO2002077071A1 - Waxy organopolysiloxane and toner composition containing the same - Google Patents

Waxy organopolysiloxane and toner composition containing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002077071A1
WO2002077071A1 PCT/JP2002/002420 JP0202420W WO02077071A1 WO 2002077071 A1 WO2002077071 A1 WO 2002077071A1 JP 0202420 W JP0202420 W JP 0202420W WO 02077071 A1 WO02077071 A1 WO 02077071A1
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Prior art keywords
group
toner
weight
organopolysiloxane
parts
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PCT/JP2002/002420
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Takakazu Hino
Takatoshi Toyama
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Nippon Unicar Company Limited
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Priority to DE10296506T priority Critical patent/DE10296506T5/en
Publication of WO2002077071A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002077071A1/en

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00Developers
    • G03G9/08Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08742Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08773Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen or carbon only

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to waxy organopolysiloxanes. More specifically, according to the present invention, in an endothermic curve obtained when the endothermic characteristic is measured by a differential scanning calorimeter, the endothermic peak area of the fraction melting at 50 ° C or lower is 50% of the total peak area. % Or less of a waxy organopolysiloxane.
  • the present invention also relates to a toner composition for developing an electrostatic charge image, comprising such a hexagonal organopolysiloxane.
  • Electrophotography is disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 2,297,691, Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-23910 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 432-2474S, Generally, an electrostatic latent image is formed on a photosensitive material containing a photoconductive substance, and then the latent image is developed as a powder image with a toner, and the image is transferred to paper or the like as necessary. It is a technique that takes root afterwards.
  • This fixing means includes heating, pressurizing, and application of a solvent vapor. The most widespread is a heat fixing method using a heating roller. In this heating roller fixing method, the toner image and the surface of the fixing roller come into pressure contact with each other in a heated and molten state.
  • a surface of the mouth is formed of a material such as silicon rubber or a fluorine-based resin which is excellent in releasability from toner.
  • the surface has good release properties such as silicone oil Application of liquids has been performed. This method does not provide sufficient fixability at both low and high temperatures.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-334 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-171109 propose the use of various resins as internal release agents.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-244398 an organopolysiloxane compound having a monovalent organic group having an amide, carboxylate, or alkoxy group of a long-chain fatty acid having 18 or more carbon atoms is disclosed.
  • an internal release agent a modified polysiloxane having a hydrocarbon group having an average carbon number of 6 to 200 has been proposed as an internal release agent in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-136472. ing.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a toner which does not cause an offset phenomenon and a winding phenomenon of a sheet even at a high speed when fixing is performed by a fixed fixing method of a heating roller, and has good fixability from a low temperature to a high temperature. I do. Disclosure of the invention
  • the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by including a specific novel modified polysiloxane as an internal release agent in a toner for developing an electrostatic image.
  • the present invention is based on the finding that if a low-temperature melting component is large in the internal release agent, the blocking resistance of the toner is deteriorated, and an offset phenomenon and a sheet winding phenomenon are generated.
  • the present invention provides a compound represented by the general formula (1): RRR
  • R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; R ′ and R ′′ each independently represent R,
  • n an integer of 3 to 200.
  • the endothermic peak area of the fraction that melts at 50 ° C or less is the total peak area. 50% or less of the waxy organopolysiloxane.
  • the present invention also provides a toner composition for developing an electrostatic image comprising the waxy organopolysiloxane.
  • This toner composition for developing an electrostatic image has a wide range of fixing speed, excellent blocking resistance and fluidity, and has hot offset resistance in oilless fixing.
  • the present invention further provides a method for improving the releasability of an electrostatic image developing toner, comprising internally adding the waxy organopolysiloxane to an electrostatic image developing toner.
  • the present invention further provides a method for producing a toner composition for electrostatic image development, (a) preparing a mixture comprising at least a waxy organopolysiloxane and a binder resin monomer;
  • FIG. 1 shows a DSC chart of compound A prepared in Example 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a DSC chart of compound B prepared in Example 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows a DSC chart of compound C prepared in Example 3.
  • FIG. 4 shows a GPC chart of hydromethylpolysiloxane 2 prepared in Example 4.
  • FIG. 5 shows a DSC chart of compound D prepared in Example 4.
  • R of the waxy organopolysiloxane represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms. ⁇ 10 aryl groups.
  • the alkyl group may be linear or branched, and specifically, includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a hexyl group, and an octyl group. And a methyl group and an ethyl group are preferable, and a methyl group is particularly preferable.
  • the aryl group includes a phenyl group and a naphthyl group, and a phenyl group is particularly preferable.
  • % Is a long-chain alkyl group having 16 to 300 carbon atoms of the above (a) or a long-chain organic group having 16 to 300 carbon atoms containing 1 to 10 hetero atoms.
  • C 2 15 alkylene or c 2 - 15 alkylene one C ⁇ one, preferably C 2 - 12 alkylene or c 2 - 12 alkylene one C 0- a through polysiloxane chains bonded to hetero atom-containing long-chain organic groups to have the
  • long-chain alkyl group and “heteroatom-containing long-chain organic group” are sometimes collectively referred to simply as “long-chain organic group”).
  • the “waxy” property referred to in the present specification is provided by having the long-chain organic group in the above-described ratio.
  • the hetero atom of the hetero atom-containing long-chain organic group may be any atom other than carbon.
  • various types of hetero atoms may be mixed, and their positions may be any positions.
  • heteroatom-containing long-chain organic groups to this, C 2 - 15 ⁇ alkylene or C 2 - 15 alkylene - CO- binds to the organopolysiloxane via.
  • the total number of heteroatoms in the heteroatom-containing long-chain organic group is 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5, and more preferably 1 to 3.
  • the heteroatoms are selected from oxygen atoms or nitrogen atoms.
  • the carbon number of the long-chain organic group including the long-chain alkyl group is 16 to 300, preferably 18 to 200, more preferably 20 to 100, and most preferably 20 to 50. It is.
  • This long-chain organic group may be linear or branched.
  • the average carbon number of the long-chain organic group is less than 16, it becomes oily at normal temperature, and when used as an internal release agent for toner for developing electrostatic images, the toner becomes blocked or the fluidity of the toner decreases. descend.
  • the average number of carbon atoms is larger than 300, the maximum endothermic peak temperature becomes too high, and it becomes difficult to produce a waxy organopolysiloxane and to mix the toner for developing an electrostatic image.
  • Such long chain organic groups include straight or branched,
  • Alkoxycarbonylalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) D 0 C 0) (CH 2 ) q —]; alkylaminocarbonylalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) P NHC ⁇ (CH 2 ) Q —]; alkyl Carbonyloxyalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) p COO (CH 2 ) q —]; alkoxyalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) p O (CH 2 ) q —];
  • Alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl group [ ⁇ 11 3 ( ⁇ ⁇ ) 1) j0] ⁇ ] 3 ⁇ 4 ( ⁇ 1 2 ). ⁇ ];
  • An alkylaminocarbonylaminoalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) P NH C 0 NH (CH 2 ) Q- ];
  • Alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl group (CH 3 (CH 2 ) P 0 (C 0) NH
  • Alkylcarbonylamino alkylaminoalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2) P C ON H (CH 2) Q NH (CH 2) R - is included.
  • q and r are each independently an integer of 2 to 15, preferably 2 to 12, and p is a total of 16 to 300 carbon atoms of the long-chain organic group, It is preferably an integer of 18 to 200, more preferably 20 to 100, and most preferably 20 to 50.
  • branched carbon chains are not shown, but the long-chain organic groups of the present invention include those.
  • Linear long-chain alkyl group alkoxyl carbonyl alkyl group, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl group, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl group, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl group, alkylcarbonyloxy (2-hydroxy) propyloxyalkyl Groups, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylaminoalkyl groups, and alkylaminocarbonylalkyl groups are preferred.
  • the proportion of this group in the total number of R ' is preferably 0 to 10%, more preferably 0 to 5%, most preferably 0%.
  • the type of this group will be referred to again when explaining the method for producing the waxy organopolysiloxane of the general formula (1).
  • n represents an integer of 3 to 200 on average, preferably 5 to 150 on average, more preferably 5 to 100 on average, and most preferably 5 to 100 on average. ⁇ 50.
  • n is greater than 200, the blocking resistance becomes insufficient when used as an internal release agent for the toner for developing electrostatic images.
  • a differential scanning calorimeter is a calorimeter called so-called DSC.
  • the endothermic peak area in the present specification refers to a DSC-6200 (manufactured by Seiko Electronic Industry Co., Ltd.) of measuring 5 mg of a sample at 10 °. This is the area surrounded by the baseline and endothermic peak of the DSC chart where the heat of fusion was measured in the second heating step by heating at a constant heating rate of C / 'minute.
  • the endothermic peak area of the fraction that melts at 50 ° C or lower is 50% or less of the entire endothermic peak area. If this ratio is more than 50%, the offset phenomenon and the sheet wrapping phenomenon cannot be sufficiently prevented when used as an internal release agent for the toner for developing electrostatic images. Preferably, this proportion is at most 40%, more preferably at most 35%. Further, from the viewpoint of the storage stability of the toner, the ratio of the endothermic peak area of the fraction that melts at 35 ° C or less to the total area is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 15% or less, and most preferably.
  • the ratio of the endothermic peak area of the fraction that melts at 25 ° C or less to the whole is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less.
  • the maximum endothermic peak temperature is typically 40 to 150 ° C., and 50 ° C. To 130 ° C., more preferably 50 to 110 ° C., and particularly preferably 60 to 100 ° C.
  • the maximum endothermic peak temperature is low, the blocking resistance of the toner is insufficient, and when it is high, the low-temperature fixability and the releasing effect become insufficient.
  • the proportion of the group (a) in the total number of R's is increased; (2) (a) (3) narrow the molecular weight distribution of the group (a); and / or (4) make the group (a) have a polar group such as an amide group. It can be obtained by doing.
  • R is methyl, and 40 to 60%% of the total number of R ′ present is R, that is, methyl; 35 to 70% of the total number of R's has a long-chain alkyl group of 20 to 50 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group, an alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl group, an alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl group, an alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl group.
  • endothermic maximum Temperature of chromatography click is Olga Bruno polysiloxane is 6 0 ⁇ 1 0 0 ° C.
  • the long-chain organic group of the waxy organopolysiloxane of the general formula (1) is a long-chain alkyl group.
  • R is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms
  • p is a long-chain organic group. It is an integer such that the total number of carbon atoms of the group is 16 to 300.
  • the hydroorganopolysiloxane of the general formula (2) is obtained by reacting tetraalkyldisiloxane and octaalkylcyclotetrasiloxane for several hours at room temperature in the presence of an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid. By ring-opening polymerization, it can be obtained in various degrees of polymerization.
  • the long-chain 11-argen may be produced by a conventional method or a commercially available product.
  • a long-chain 1-alkene available from Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation under the trade name Dialen 30 has an average carbon number of 30.
  • long-chain 11-argen available from Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. under the trade name Linearen 18 has an average carbon number of 18.
  • the low molecular weight component in these commercially available long-chain 1-argens may be removed by a thin film distillation apparatus or the like to increase the average molecular weight before use.
  • This hydrosilylation reaction can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature from room temperature to about 150 ° C, preferably about 40 ° C to 120 ° C.
  • the catalyst include compounds such as platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, and iridium, and platinum compounds are particularly effective because of their high catalytic activity.
  • platinum compounds include: Chloroplatinic acid; metallic platinum; alumina, silica, carbon black, etc., with metallic platinum supported thereon; and platinum-vinylsiloxane complex, platinum-phosphine complex, platinum-phosphite complex, Platinum complexes such as a platinum alcohol catalyst are exemplified. When a platinum catalyst is used, the amount of the catalyst is about 0.001 to 0.1 weight as platinum metal.
  • a solvent may be used if necessary.
  • usable solvents include sulfur compounds such as thiophene and getyl sulfide; nitrogen compounds such as acetonitrile, methylamine, and aniline; fatty acids such as acetic acid and butyric acid; and anhydrides of these acids; ethers; Ketones such as xanone; esters; phenols; hydrocarbons; halogenated hydrocarbons; and dimethylpolysiloxane.
  • Introduction of a long-chain organic group into an organopolysiloxane chain by this hydrosilylation reaction is not limited to the case of using a long-chain mono-argen, but may include an ethylenic double bond in a compound used for introduction.
  • the present invention can be applied to the introduction of any long-chain organic group.
  • the long-chain organic group containing a hetero atom of the waxy organopolysiloxane represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention is bonded to the organopolysiloxane chain via an alkylene group or an alkylene carboxy group constituting a part thereof.
  • the ethylene group in the long-chain organic group which constitutes the alkylene group or alkylene carboxy group, is converted into an ethylenic double bond, which is then converted into a hydrophile of the general formula (2).
  • the hydrosilyl group of the organopolysiloxane By reacting with the hydrosilyl group of the organopolysiloxane, all waxy organopolysiloxanes of the general formula (1) can be synthesized using a hydrosilylation reaction. Methods for forming ethylenic double bonds are well known in the art.
  • an alkylene group or an alkylene carbonyl group having a hetero atom at the other end is introduced by a hydrosilylation reaction, followed by esterification and amide.
  • the chain can also be extended using reactions known to those skilled in the art, such as alkylation, etherification, and N-alkylation.
  • R is an ester-forming group
  • R, a, b, p and Q are as defined above.
  • ester group-containing organopolysiloxane By subjecting the ester group-containing organopolysiloxane to a transesterification reaction with a long-chain alcohol [CH 3 (CH 2 ) P COOH].
  • Organopolysiloxane of the formula (1) can be obtained by subjecting an organopolysiloxane of the formula (1) to an amidation reaction between an ester group-containing organopolysiloxane of the general formula (3) and a long-chain alkylamine [CH 3 (CH 2 ) P NH 2 ]. .
  • human mud organopolysiloxanes of the general formula (2) After subjecting it to a hydrosilylation reaction with siloxane, the following general formula (4) is obtained:
  • organopolysiloxane of formula (4) with the long-chain alkyl halide [CH 3 (CH 2 ) P X (X represents a halogen atom)] Can be obtained.
  • an activated derivative such as a long-chain carboxylic acid [CH 3 (CH 2 ) P COOH] or an acid chloride thereof.
  • long-chain organic groups can be introduced by Ami de reaction of this kind, alkylaminocarbonyl ⁇ aminoalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2) P NH C ONH (CH 2) q - ] and, alkoxycarbonyl ⁇ Mino There is an alkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) P 0 (CO) NH (CH 2 ) q —].
  • alkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) P 0 (CO) NH (CH 2 ) q —].
  • a long-chain organic group containing a large number of bond-forming groups is obtained by sequentially bonding a fragment of the long-chain organic group to the amino group of the amino-organopolysiloxane of the general formula (6). May be formed on an organopolysiloxane.
  • aminoorganopolysiloxanes represented by the general formula (6) for example, those whose length is an alkyl group include, for example, tetraalkyl (tetraaminoalkyl) cyclotetrasiloxane, octaalkylcyclotetrasiloxane and tetraalkyl.
  • alkyleneaminoalkyleneaminoorganopolysiloxane represented by the following formula is obtained. If this is alkyloxycarbonylated with a long-chain alkyl haloformate [XCOOCH 3 (CH 2 ) p ], the general formula (1h):
  • alkylcarbonyl ⁇ Minoan Le kills aminoalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2) P C ONH (CH 2) q NH (CH 2) r one] is Chikaraku.
  • the reactive groups may be blocked or inactivated with a suitable compound.
  • suitable compound Good.
  • Methods for capping or inactivating include alkoxylation of hydrosilyl groups, esterification of carboxylic acid groups, and acylation of hydroxy and diamino groups.
  • Alcohols used for alkoxylation of the hydrosilyl group include alcohols having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, and octanol. Thus, the resulting alkoxy group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • the esterifying agent used for the esterification of the remaining carboxylic acid group includes, in addition to the alcohol that can be used for the alkoxylation of the above-mentioned hydrosilyl group, an alkyl halide such as methyl iodide.
  • the acylating agent used for the acylation of the remaining hydroxy group and amino group includes an anhydride capable of producing an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, and benzoic anhydride. Included are acyl halides, such as rubonic acid, acetyl chloride and benzoyl chloride, and sulfonyl halides, such as methyl sulfonyl chloride and toluenesulfonyl chloride. These reactions can be performed by a conventional method.
  • the C 2 1 5 alkylene or C 2 - 1 5 alkylene - and C 0-, heteroatoms present in the other end of the polysiloxane bond end includes a hydrosilyl group and a carboxylic acid, including an intermediate reactive group generated during a chain extension reaction as described above. It is intended to include reactive groups such as carboxylic acid ester groups, hydroxy groups, epoxy groups and amino groups, and groups resulting from blocking or inactivating these reactive groups. Such groups include:
  • Alkoxycarbonylalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2) s O (CO) (CH 2) q - ]; hydroxycarboxylic alkyl group [HO (CH 2) q -];
  • Alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) S C 00 (CH 2 ) q —]; alkoxyalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) s O (CH 2 ) q —];
  • Epoxypropyl O alkoxyalkyl group [CH 2 (0) CHCH 2 0 (CH 2) q - ]; alkylcarbonyl O alkoxy (2-arsenate Dorokishi) propyl O alkoxyalkyl group [C
  • Aminoalkyl group [NH 2 (CH 2 ). One];
  • Alkylcarbonyl ⁇ amino ⁇ Le Kill group [CH 3 (CH 2) s CONH (CH 2) q - ]; alkyl ⁇ iminocarbonyl aminoalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2) s NHCONH (C
  • Aminoalkyl aminoalkyl group [NH 2 (CH 2) q NH (CH 2) r - ]; alkoxycarbonylamino alkylaminoalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2) s O (C
  • Alkylcarbonylaminoalkylaminoalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) s CON H (CH 2 ) q NH (CH 2 ) r ⁇ ; Wherein s is an integer from 0 to 13, preferably from 0 to 2, and q and r are as defined above. However, the total number of carbon atoms of these groups is 2 to 15. .
  • the present invention also provides a toner composition for developing an electrostatic charge image, comprising a waxy organopolysiloxane of the general formula (1).
  • the waxy organopolysiloxane is added to the toner composition for developing an electrostatic image as an internal release agent. It is essential to use the waxy organopolysiloxane in the toner composition for developing an electrostatic image, but another internal release agent is used in combination within a range where the effects of the present invention can be obtained. It is also possible. In this case, it is preferable to use one or both of the internal release agents having a melting point of about 100 ° C. or higher or about 30 to 100 ° C. in combination.
  • aliphatic hydrocarbon resins such as low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, microcrystalline wax, and paraffin wax
  • aliphatic hydrocarbon resins such as polyethylene oxide
  • Hydrogen-based oxides and their block copolymers Boxes mainly containing fatty acid esters such as carnaubax, Sazox, and montsuccinate esters; Some fatty acid esters such as deoxidized carnaubax Or those obtained by deoxidizing all; saturated linear fatty acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid and montanic acid; unsaturated fatty acids such as pramic acid, eleostearic acid, and norinalic acid; stearyl alcohol , Aralkyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, carnauville Saturated alcohols such as rucol, seryl alcohol, and mesyl alcohol; polyhydric alcohols such as sorbitol; fatty acid amides such as linoleic acid amide, oleic acid amide, and radium phosphoric acid amide; Saturated fatty acid bisamides such as acid amide, ethylenebiscapric acid amide, ethylene bislauric acid amide, hexam
  • Components other than the internal release agent of the toner composition for developing an electrostatic image of the present invention are not particularly limited, and are generally a binder resin, a coloring agent, and, if necessary, a charge control agent, and other optional components. Can be included.
  • binder resin examples include polyester resin, acrylic resin, styrene resin, acrylic styrene resin, styrene monovinyl acetate resin, styrene monochlorostyrene resin, styrene-propylene copolymer resin, and styrene butadiene copolymer.
  • Colorants include Rippon Bon Black, Nig Mouth Shin, Anilin Bleu, Phthalocyanine Bleu, Phthalocyanine Green, Hanseero I, Rhodamine Dyes, Krommeello, Kinacridone, Benzi Jin Iero, Rose Bengal, Triari Any known dyes and pigments such as methane dyes, monoazo dyes, disazo dyes and integrated azo dyes can be used alone or in combination.
  • yellow is benzidine yellow
  • magenta is quinacridone
  • rhodamine dyes monoazo dyes
  • cyan is yellow. Evening Russian Nimble is preferably used.
  • the charge control of the toner may be performed by the binder resin or the colorant itself, but may be performed in combination with a charge control agent if necessary.
  • Quaternary ammonium salts, basic and electron-donating organic substances can be used as positive charge control agents, and metal chelates, alloy dyes, acid or electron withdrawing agents can be used as negative charge control agents.
  • Organic substances and the like can be used.
  • the quaternary ammonium salt compound is desirable as the positive charge
  • the negative charge Sex is salicylic acid or a Salts / complexes of rukylsalicylic acid with chromium, zinc, aluminum, etc.
  • metal salts / complexes of benzylic acid, amide compounds, phenol compounds, naphthol compounds and the like are desirable.
  • inorganic particles such as metal oxides and inorganic substances surface-treated with the organic substances may be used.
  • Optional components other than the above include fine powders such as silica, alumina, titania and other fluidity improvers, magnetite, graphite, cerium oxide, strontium titanate, and inorganic fine powders such as conductive titania, styrene resin, An internal additive or an external additive such as a resistance controlling agent such as an acrylic resin or a lubricant is included.
  • the internal release agent is preferably added in an amount of 0.1 to 35 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. Is particularly preferred.
  • the waxy organopolysiloxane of the present invention is preferably used in an amount of 100 to 3% by weight of the total internal release agent for obtaining the effects of the present invention, and more preferably 100 to 5% by weight. , 100 to 10% by weight is particularly preferred. If the content of the internal release agent is too small, the releasability, offset resistance, and low-temperature fixability become insufficient.If the content is too large, the blocking resistance of the toner decreases, and the toner is fixed at a high temperature. The performance also decreases.
  • the waxy organopolysiloxane of the present invention may be used in combination of two or more.
  • the colorant is generally used in an amount of 1 part by weight or more, preferably 3 parts by weight or more, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. It is more preferably used in an amount of 1 to 30 parts by weight, even more preferably in an amount of 3 to 30 parts by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by weight and most preferably in an amount of 3 to 20 parts by weight. Used in
  • the amount of the charge control agent added depends on the chemical and physical properties of the toner to be produced and the method of producing the toner, as well as the properties of each component of the toner composition and the method of producing them. It can be determined in consideration of the chargeability of the resin, the production method including the colorant addition amount / dispersion method, and the chargeability of other additives, but it is usually 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. On the other hand, it is used in an amount of at least 0.1 part by weight, preferably at least 0.1 part by weight.
  • the binder resin is more preferably used in an amount of from 0.1 to 15 parts by weight, even more preferably in an amount of from 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, particularly preferably from 0.1 to 15 parts by weight, most preferably from 0.1 to 15 parts by weight. Suitably it is used in an amount of up to 10 parts by weight.
  • the amount of the optional additive used may be appropriately selected depending on the desired performance. Usually, the amount is preferably about 0.05 to 10% by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
  • the method of adding the internal release agent to the toner for developing an electrostatic image differs depending on the toner production method.In the case of the pulverization method, it may be dissolved or dispersed in the binder resin in advance. It may be added at the same time as the colorant or the like is kneaded.
  • As a method of adding the internal release agent in advance there is a method in which the binder resin and the internal release agent are dissolved or suspended in an organic solvent, and then the solvent is removed by vacuum distillation or the like.
  • the internal release agent is added to the monomer during the polymerization process of the binder resin to carry out polymerization.
  • the toner composition for developing an electrostatic image of the present invention is produced by polymerization.
  • a mixture containing at least a waxy organopolysiloxane and a binder resin monomer is prepared, the monomers in the mixture are subjected to a polymerization reaction, and the obtained polymer is recovered. By doing so, a toner composition for developing an electrostatic image is manufactured.
  • binder resin monomer examples include monomers having a carboxyl group such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and gay cinnamate; monomers having a sulfonic acid group such as vinylsulfonic acid; and Brenstead acid.
  • a monomer having an amino group such as aminostyrene and dimethylaminoethyl acrylate; a monomer having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring such as vinyl pyridine; and a radical polymerization of a monomer having a Blensted basic group.
  • monomers having a carboxyl group such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and gay cinnamate
  • monomers having a sulfonic acid group such as vinylsulfonic acid
  • Brenstead acid a monomer having an amino group such as aminostyrene and dimethylaminoethyl acrylate
  • Monofunctional monomers which can be used in combination with these include styrenes such as styrene, methylstyrene and chlorostyrene; butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate. (Meth) acrylates such as butyl acrylate; and acrylamides such as dimethylamide acrylate.
  • the resin may be crosslinked by using a polyfunctional monomer together with these monomers.
  • the degree of crosslinking is preferably controlled so that the tetrahydrofuran insoluble content is 0.5 to 80%. Tetrahydrofuran-insoluble matter is further 1-8 0% is rather preferred, especially 1. 5 ⁇ 8 0. ⁇ ⁇ are preferred. Tetrahydrofuran insolubles are It is an index indicating the degree of crosslinking, and the larger the value, the higher the degree of crosslinking. If the degree of bridging is too low, the offset is likely to occur. If the degree of cross-linking is too high, the transparency of the toner deteriorates.
  • a polyfunctional monomer means a monomer having at least two polymerizable ethylenic double bonds in the molecule.
  • divinylbenzene, hexanediol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate and the like can be mentioned.
  • the polymerization can be carried out by any method such as bulk polymerization, precipitation polymerization, suspension polymerization, or emulsion polymerization or emulsion polymerization aggregation.
  • a suspension polymerization method and an emulsion polymerization method in which the polymer is obtained in powder form are preferred.
  • the final toner composition is obtained by the suspension polymerization method
  • a colorant, a charge control agent, a polymerization initiator, and other additives are added to the monomer at the same time as an internal release agent, and a homogenizer or the like is added.
  • the mixture obtained by uniformly dissolving or dispersing the above in a dispersion medium is dispersed in an aqueous medium containing a dispersion stabilizer using a homomixer or the like, and the mixture is heated and polymerized.
  • polymer primary particles are produced by emulsion polymerization, and a colorant, and, if necessary, a charge controlling agent and a fluidizing agent are added to the polymer primary particles. And other additives such as coagulation to form a particle aggregate.
  • the internal release agent used in the present invention is prepared by emulsifying the internal release agent dispersion with at least one emulsifier selected from among known cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. May be added to the polymerization system or may be added when the polymer primary particles after polymerization and the colorant or the like are aggregated.
  • the chargeability and the aggregation of the obtained toner can be improved. Stability can also be adjusted.
  • the degree of polymerization of the resulting polymer can be controlled by adding a chain transfer agent such as bromotrichloromethane and 2-merbutoethanol to the polymerization system.
  • the toner for developing an electrostatic image of the present invention can be used for both dry one-component developer and two-component developer.
  • the magnetic material used in the one-component developer includes, for example, phenylite, magnetite, and the like. Or other ferromagnetic alloys such as iron, cobalt, nickel, etc. Compounds or alloys that do not contain ferromagnetic elements but become ferromagnetic when appropriately heat-treated, such as Heusler alloys containing manganese and copper, such as manganese-copper-aluminum or manganese-copper-tin Alloys or chromium dioxide.
  • the magnetic material is uniformly dispersed in the binder resin in the form of a fine powder having an average particle size of 0.3 to 30 / m.
  • the content of the magnetic particles is preferably from 20 to 70 parts by weight, more preferably from 40 to 70 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
  • the carrier may be a magnetic substance such as iron powder, magnetite powder, or fly powder, or a substance obtained by applying a resin coating on the surface thereof or a magnetic carrier. Known ones can be used.
  • coating resins for resin coating carriers generally known styrene resins, acrylic resins, styrene acryl copolymer resins, silicone resins, modified silicone resins, Fluorinated resins or mixtures of these resins can be used.
  • the toner for developing an electrostatic image to which the internal release agent of the present invention is blended does not cause an offset phenomenon or a sheet wrapping phenomenon at the time of high-speed fixing by a heating roller fixing method. It has good fixability up to high temperatures, and is also excellent in gloss, transparency, and fluidity.
  • the molecular weights of the binder resin and the internal release agent are as follows, respectively. Was measured.
  • Detector Refractive index (R I) Detector RL540R (GL Science Co., Ltd.) Calibration curve: 10 types of standard polystyrene (Molecular weight 1.2 X manufactured by Showa Denko KK)
  • Endothermic peak area ratio The part surrounded by the DSC line and endothermic peak obtained by measuring the maximum endothermic peak temperature is 25 ° C or less and 35 ° C or less with respect to the entire area. , And the area ratio of the portion at 50 ° C or lower was calculated.
  • Offset resistance Unfixed images were created using an electrophotographic copying machine using an organic photoconductor as a photoconductor. The amount of toner attached was 0.7 mg./cm 2 . The unfixed image was transferred to paper, and the surface was made of fluororesin. Using a 58 mm-diameter heating port fixed machine, the nip width was 4 mm, and the fixing speed was 100 mm. In fixing, no offset prevention liquid such as silicone oil was supplied to the roller. The temperature of the surface of the fixing roller was changed in increments of 5 ° C, and the non-offset area was visually evaluated. .
  • Blocking resistance After applying a constant load to the toner and leaving it for 24 hours in an environment of 50 ° C, the presence or absence of aggregation was checked, and the quality of the blocking property was judged.
  • Compound A A DSC chart of Compound A is shown in FIG.
  • the endothermic peak area ratio of this polymer is 0% at 25 ° C or less, 0.85% at 35 ° C or less, and 7.32% at 50 ° C or less. there were.
  • the endothermic maximum peak temperature was ⁇ 0 ° C.
  • FIG. 2 shows a DSC chart of Compound B.
  • the endothermic peak area ratio of this polymer is 0.05% for those below 25 ° C, 0.81% for those below 35 ° C, and 4.83 for those below 50 ° C. %Met.
  • the maximum endothermic peak temperature was 87 ° C.
  • Figure 3 shows the DSC chart of Compound C.
  • the endothermic peak area ratio of this polymer is less than 25 ° C, less than 0.380 35 ° C, 3.55%, and less than 50 ° ⁇ , 33. It was 0.
  • the maximum endothermic peak temperature was 62 ° C.
  • the endothermic peak area ratio of Compound E is 0.30% at 25 ° C or lower, 6.18% at 35 ° C or lower, and 17% at 50 ° C or lower. It was 10%.
  • the maximum endothermic peak temperature was 69 ° C.
  • the endothermic peak area ratio of this compound F is less than 25 ° C, 1.0% 2% 35 ° C or less, 3.57 ° C, and 50 ° C or less, 9.0%. 1%.
  • the maximum endothermic peak temperature was 81 ° C.
  • Hydrochloric acid water was added to methyl carboxylate-containing methylpolysiloxane 2 obtained in Example 6, and the mixture was stirred at 120 ° C for 3 hours to obtain a hydrolyzate having the following structure.
  • the compound G has an endothermic peak area ratio of 0.1% at 25 ° C or lower, 5.89% at 35 ° C or lower, and 50%. C following ones were 3 0.5 0. The maximum endothermic peak temperature was 69 ° C.
  • Example 8
  • the endothermic peak area ratio of this waxy organopolysiloxane is 25% or less, preferably 1,50%, that of 35 ° C or less is 15.2%, and 50%. Those with C or less were 35.0%.
  • the maximum endothermic peak temperature was 60 ° C.
  • the methyl carboxylate-containing methylpolysiloxane 1 obtained in Example 2 was hydrolyzed. To 35 g of this hydrolyzate is added 65 g of benzylamine and 100 g of xylene. Len was added, and the mixture was refluxed (135 ° C) for 10 hours. After the reaction, xylene was removed under reduced pressure to obtain a waxy organopolysiloxane having the following structure.
  • the endothermic peak area ratio of the waxy organopolysiloxane is 0.02% at 25 ° C or lower, 2.8 2 at 35 ° C or lower, and 21 ° at 50 ° C or lower. 9%.
  • the maximum endothermic peak temperature was 75 ° C.
  • the endothermic peak area ratio of this waxy organopolysiloxane is 1.06% at 25 ° C or lower, 5, 21% at 35 ° C or lower, and 1 at 50 ° C or lower. It was 5.6%.
  • the maximum endothermic peak temperature was 75 ° C.
  • Table 1 below shows the endothermic maximum peak temperature and the endothermic peak area ratio for compounds H and I represented by
  • Example 1 2 100 parts by weight of styrene-acrylic resin (haima-TB-900; Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) with a glass transition point of 68 ° C, 5 parts by weight of carbon black (MA-600: Mitsubishi Chemical) 1 part by weight of methyltriphenylphosphonium tosylate (charge control agent) and 5 parts by weight of compound A were dispersed and mixed, and then melt-kneaded using a twin-screw extruder. After cooling, it was pulverized by a hammer mill and finely pulverized by a supersonic jet mill. The obtained powder was classified by an air classifier to obtain a fine black powder toner having an average particle diameter of 11 m.
  • Example 1 2 100 parts by weight of styrene-acrylic resin (haima-TB-900; Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) with a glass transition point of 68 ° C, 5 parts by weight of carbon black (MA-600: Mitsubishi Chemical) 1 part by weight of
  • a fine black powder toner having an average particle diameter of 11 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that Compound B was used instead of Compound A used in Example 11.
  • Example 1 Example 1 except that compound C was used instead of compound A used in 1. In the same manner as in 1, a fine powder black toner having an average particle diameter of 11 m was obtained.
  • a fine black powder toner having an average particle diameter of 11 m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that Compound D was used instead of Compound A used in Example 11.
  • Example 15
  • a fine black powder toner having an average particle diameter of 11 m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that Compound F was used instead of Compound ⁇ used in Example 11.
  • a fine black powder toner having an average particle size of 11 ⁇ was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that Compound G was used instead of Compound A used in Example 11. Comparative Example 1
  • a fine powder black toner having an average particle diameter of m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11, except that Compound H was used instead of Compound A used in Example 11. Comparative Example 2
  • a fine powder black toner having an average particle diameter of 11 m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that Compound I was used in place of Compound A used in Example 11.
  • the offset resistance and blocking resistance of the toners obtained in Examples 11 to 16 and the toners obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were evaluated, and the results are shown in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. did.
  • the toner containing the compounds A to D and F to G, which are the internal release agents of the present invention is fixed to the heating roller without supplying an anti-offset liquid such as silicone oil.
  • the method has a sufficient non-offset area in the method, and has good blocking resistance and fluidity.
  • the toners of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 containing the internal release agent H or I were inferior in offset resistance and blocking resistance to the toner composition of the present invention.
  • the above-mentioned colorant-dispersed monomer composition is poured into a suspension bath containing 4 times the amount of the suspending agent slurry, and then the mixture is homogenized by a homomixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.). The mixture was dispersed at 0 rpm for 3 minutes to form suspended fine particles of the monomer composition. Microscopic observation showed that the particle size was less than about 10 ⁇ m.
  • a fine powder black toner having an average particle diameter of 11 m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 17 except that Compound B was used instead of Compound A used in Example 17.
  • a fine black powder toner having an average particle diameter of 11 m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 17 except that Compound C was used instead of Compound A used in Example 17.
  • Example 20
  • a fine powder black toner having an average particle size of 11 zm was obtained in the same manner as in Example 17 except that Compound D was used instead of Compound A used in Example 17.
  • Example 2 1 A fine powder black toner having an average particle size of 11 zm was obtained in the same manner as in Example 17 except that Compound D was used instead of Compound A used in Example 17.
  • Example 2 1 A fine powder black toner having an average particle size of 11 zm was obtained in the same manner as in Example 17 except that Compound D was used instead of Compound A used in Example 17.
  • Example 1 Except that Compound F was used instead of Compound A used in Example 7 In the same manner as 7, a fine powder black toner having an average particle diameter of 11 m was obtained.
  • a fine powder black toner having an average particle diameter of 11 // m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 17 except that Compound G was used instead of Compound A used in Example 17. Comparative Example 3
  • a fine powder black toner having an average particle diameter of 11 / m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 17 except that Compound I was used instead of Compound A used in Example 17.
  • the offset resistance and blocking resistance of the toners obtained in Examples 17 to 22 were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
  • the toners obtained in Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 5.
  • the toner containing the compounds A to D and F to G which are the internal release agents of the present invention, can be used even in the heating roller fixing method without supplying an offset prevention liquid such as silicone oil. It has a sufficient non-offset area, and has good blocking resistance and fluidity.
  • the toners of Comparative Examples containing Compounds H to I were inferior in offset resistance and blocking resistance to the toner composition of the present invention.
  • Example Example 1 7 Example 1 8 Example 1 9
  • Example 23 the average particle size, weight average molecular weight, fixing temperature range, and blocking resistance of the toner were measured as follows.
  • volume average particle size (proportion of toner particles of 5 m or less and 15 am or more):
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • the fixing temperature area is defined as a temperature area where toner offset does not occur on the heating roller during fixing and the toner on the recording paper after fixing is sufficiently adhered to the recording paper.
  • the soft roller is made of aluminum as the core metal and the elastic layer is a dimethyl-based low-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber with a rubber hardness of 3 ° according to JIS-A standard 1.5 mm thick, release layer PFT (tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer) 50 zm thickness is used, the diameter is 30 mm, and it conforms to the Japan Rubber Association Standard SRIS 0101.
  • the rubber hardness of the fixing roller surface measured by the method is 80.
  • the evaluation with a soft roller was performed with a nip width of 4 mm or 3 lmm without applying silicone oil.
  • the fixing speed was 120 mm / s or 30 mm / s.
  • toner for development in a cylindrical container Apply a load of 2 Og, leave it in a 50 ° C environment for 5 hours, remove the toner from the container, and apply a load from above. The degree of aggregation was determined.
  • Neogen SC a 65% aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.
  • Neogen SC a 65% aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.
  • a milky white polymer primary particle dispersion A was obtained.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the tetrahydrofuran-soluble portion of the polymer was 66, 946, and the average particle size measured by UPA was 1775 nm.
  • a reactor equipped with a stirrer, a heating / cooling device, a concentrating device, and a raw material charging device was charged with 6 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of 10% neogen SC and 372 parts by weight of demineralized water as an emulsifier. After the temperature was raised to 90 ° C. under a nitrogen stream, 1.6 parts by weight of an 8% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and 1.6 parts by weight of an 8-ascorbic acid aqueous solution were added as polymerization initiators.
  • a milky white resin particle dispersion A was obtained.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the tetrahydrofuran-soluble component of the polymer was 57,000, and the average particle size measured by UPA was 56 nm.
  • Pigmentable—15 3 aqueous dispersion (EP-700 Blue GA; manufactured by Dainichi Seika; solid content: 35%).
  • the average particle size measured by UPA was 150 nm.
  • Toner 1 To 100 parts by weight of Toner 1, 1 part by weight of silica subjected to hydrophobic surface treatment was mixed and stirred to obtain Toner 1 for development. Evaluation of toner 1 for development
  • the volume average particle size of the developing toner 1 measured by the Coulter Counter was 7.9 / m, and the ratio of the volume average particle size to the number average particle size was 1.12.
  • the developing toner 1 was fixed at 160 to 210 ° C. at a fixing speed of 12 O mms, and was fixed at 130 to 170 ° C. at a fixing speed of 3 O mmZs.
  • Example 2 4
  • a milky white polymer primary particle dispersion B was obtained.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the tetrahydrofuran-soluble component of the polymer was 70,903, and the average particle size measured by UPA was 203 nm.
  • toner 1-2 One hundred parts by weight of toner 1-2 was mixed with 1 part by weight of silica having been subjected to a hydrophobic surface treatment, followed by stirring to obtain toner 2 for development.
  • the volume average particle diameter of the developing toner 2 as measured by Coulter and Counter was 7.4, and the ratio of the volume average particle diameter to the number average particle diameter was 1.13.
  • Developing toner 2 fixed at 160 to 210 at 'fixing speed of 120 mm /' s, and at 130 to 170 ° C at fixing speed of 30 mm / s .
  • Example 2 5
  • a milky white polymer primary particle dispersion C was obtained.
  • the weight-average molecular weight of the tetrahydrofuran-soluble component of the polymer was 64,902, and the average particle size measured by UPA was 168 nm.
  • toner 3 One hundred parts by weight of toner 3 and 1 part by weight of silica subjected to hydrophobic surface treatment were mixed and stirred to obtain toner 3 for development.
  • the volume average particle diameter of the developing toner 3 measured by a Coulter counter was 7.6; m, and the ratio of the volume average particle diameter to the number average particle diameter was 1.11.
  • Developing toner 3 was fixed at 160 to 210 ° C at a fixing speed of 120 mm / s, and was fixed at 130 to 170 ° C at a fixing speed of 30 mmZs. .
  • Example 26
  • a milky white polymer primary particle dispersion D was obtained.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the tetrahydrofuran-soluble component of the polymer was 53, 716, and the average particle size measured by UPA was 191.4 nm.
  • toner 4 One hundred parts by weight of toner 4 and one part by weight of silica subjected to a hydrophobic surface treatment were mixed and stirred to obtain toner 4 for development. Evaluation of developing toner 4
  • the volume average particle size of the developing toner 4 measured by a Coulter counter was 7.0 / zm, and the ratio of the volume average particle size to the number average particle size was 1.17.
  • the developing toner 4 is fixed at a fixing speed of 120 mm, '' s at 180 to 220 ° C or higher, and at a fixing speed of 30 mms at 140 to 220 ° C or higher. Established.

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Abstract

A waxy organopolysiloxane having a long chain alkyl group or a heteroatom-containing long chain organic group, wherein in a heat absorption curve obtained by the measurement of heat absorption characteristics by means of a differential scanning calorimeter, the area of a heat absorption peak for a fraction melting at a temperature range of 50 ° C or less accounts for 50 % or less of the total peak area. Incorporation of the waxy organopolysiloxane into a toner for developing an image of electrostatic charge can provide a toner which is free from the occurrence of an offsetting phenomenon or a sheet wrapping phenomenon even when an image is fixed by the heating roller fixing method at a high speed.

Description

明 細 書 ヮックス状オルガノポリシロキサン及びそれを含有するトナー組成物 技術分野  Description: Phenolic organopolysiloxane and toner composition containing the same
本発明は、 ワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンに関する。 より特定すると、 本 発明は、 示差走査熱量計でその吸熱特性を測定したときに得られる吸熱曲線にお いて、 5 0 °C以下で融解する画分の吸熱ピーク面積が全ピーク面積の 5 0 %以下 である、 ワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンに関する。 本発明は、 そのようなヮ ックス状オルガノポリシロキサンを含んでなる静電荷像現像用トナー組成物にも 関する。 背景技術  The present invention relates to waxy organopolysiloxanes. More specifically, according to the present invention, in an endothermic curve obtained when the endothermic characteristic is measured by a differential scanning calorimeter, the endothermic peak area of the fraction melting at 50 ° C or lower is 50% of the total peak area. % Or less of a waxy organopolysiloxane. The present invention also relates to a toner composition for developing an electrostatic charge image, comprising such a hexagonal organopolysiloxane. Background art
電子写真法は、 米国特許第 2 2 9 7 6 9 1号、 特公昭 4 2— 2 3 9 1 0号公報 及び特公昭 4 3 - 2 4 7 4 S号公報などに開示されているとおり、 一般には光導 電物質を含む感光性材料上に静電荷の電気的潜像を形成し、 次いでこの潜像をト ナ一で粉像として現像し、 その像を必要に応じて紙などに転写してから定着する 技術である。 この定着手段には、加熱、加圧、及び溶剤蒸気の適用などがあるカ^ 最も普及しているのは、 加熱ローラ一を使用した加熱定着法である。 この加熱口 ーラ一定着法では、 トナー像と定着ローラ一表面が加熱溶融状態で圧接触する。 近年、 コピー速度を増大させることが可能な高速の加熱ローラー定着法が一般 ィ匕しているが、 その結果、 トナー像と定着口—ラー表面が圧接触した際にトナー 像の一部が定着ローラー表面に付着し、 次に圧接触される被定着シート上にこれ を再移転して被定着シ一卜に汚れを発生させるいわゆるオフセッ ト現象という問 題が生じている。 また、 トナーが付着した熱ローフーの表面は、 被定着シートを 巻き付け易くなる。  Electrophotography is disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 2,297,691, Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-23910 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 432-2474S, Generally, an electrostatic latent image is formed on a photosensitive material containing a photoconductive substance, and then the latent image is developed as a powder image with a toner, and the image is transferred to paper or the like as necessary. It is a technique that takes root afterwards. This fixing means includes heating, pressurizing, and application of a solvent vapor. The most widespread is a heat fixing method using a heating roller. In this heating roller fixing method, the toner image and the surface of the fixing roller come into pressure contact with each other in a heated and molten state. In recent years, a high-speed heating roller fixing method capable of increasing the copying speed has been widely used. As a result, when the toner image and the fixing roller surface come into pressure contact, a part of the toner image is fixed. The so-called offset phenomenon occurs in which the toner adheres to the surface of the roller and is re-transferred onto the sheet to be fixed and then brought into contact with the roller, thereby causing stain on the sheet to be fixed. Further, the surface of the heat loaf to which the toner adheres becomes easy to wind the sheet to be fixed.
従来、 こうしたオフセッ ト現象や被定着シ—卜の巻き付き現象を防止する方法 として、 シリコンゴムやフッ素系樹脂などの、 トナーに対して離型性に優れた材 料で口一ラー表面を形成し、 更にその表面にシリコンオイル等の離型性の良好な 液体を塗布することが行われてきた。 し力、し、 この方法では、 低温と高温の双方 での定着性が十分とは言えない。 Conventionally, as a method of preventing such an offset phenomenon and a phenomenon of wrapping around a sheet to be fixed, a surface of the mouth is formed of a material such as silicon rubber or a fluorine-based resin which is excellent in releasability from toner. The surface has good release properties such as silicone oil Application of liquids has been performed. This method does not provide sufficient fixability at both low and high temperatures.
そこで、 トナーに離型剤を内添する方法が提案されている。 例えば、 特公昭 5 2 - 3 3 0 4号及び特公昭 6 0— 1 7 1 0 9号では、 各種ヮックス類を内添離型 剤として使用することが提案されている。また、特開平 7— 2 4 4 3 9 8号では、 炭素原子数が 1 8以上の長鎖脂肪酸のアミ ド、 カルボキシレート又はアルコキシ 基等を有する一価の有機基を有するオルガノポリシロキサン化合物が内添離型剤 として提案され、 特開平 1 1 一 3 1 6 4 7 2号では、 平均炭素数 6〜 2 0 0の炭 化水素基を有する変性ポリシロキサンが内添離型剤として提案されている。  Therefore, a method of internally adding a release agent to the toner has been proposed. For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-334 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-171109 propose the use of various resins as internal release agents. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-244398, an organopolysiloxane compound having a monovalent organic group having an amide, carboxylate, or alkoxy group of a long-chain fatty acid having 18 or more carbon atoms is disclosed. As an internal release agent, a modified polysiloxane having a hydrocarbon group having an average carbon number of 6 to 200 has been proposed as an internal release agent in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-136472. ing.
しかしながら、 こうした内添離型剤では、 充分にオフセッ ト現象ゃシ一卜の巻 き付き現象が解決されない。 また、 近年、 加熱定着法の印刷速度が加速度的に増 大していることに加え、 様々な印刷速度で作動する種々のプリンターの開発に伴 い、 幅広い定着速度で使用可能なトナーが求められているが、 上記の従来の内添 離型剤が添加されたトナーでは、 定着速度の可変幅が狭いという問題がある。 更 に、 特に省エネルギーの観点から低温で良好な定着性を示すトナーが求められて いるが、 同時に高温でも良好な定着性を示すことが望まれるので、 低温から高温 までの広い定着温度幅で使用可能なトナーが求められている。  However, such an internal release agent does not sufficiently solve the offset phenomenon and the sheet winding phenomenon. In addition, in recent years, the printing speed of the heat fixing method has been increasing at an accelerated pace, and with the development of various printers that operate at various printing speeds, there is a need for toners that can be used at a wide range of fixing speeds. However, the conventional toner to which the internal release agent is added has a problem that the variable width of the fixing speed is narrow. In addition, from the viewpoint of energy saving, a toner that exhibits good fixing performance at low temperatures is required, but at the same time, it is desirable that the toner exhibit good fixing performance even at high temperatures. There is a need for possible toners.
本発明は、 加熱ローラ一定着法で定着した際に、 高速でもオフセッ ト現象ゃシ 一卜の巻き付き現象が発生せず、 低温から高温までの定着性が良好なトナーを提 供することを目的とする。 発明の開示  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a toner which does not cause an offset phenomenon and a winding phenomenon of a sheet even at a high speed when fixing is performed by a fixed fixing method of a heating roller, and has good fixability from a low temperature to a high temperature. I do. Disclosure of the invention
本発明者らは、 特定の新規な変性ポリシロキサンを内添離型剤として静電荷像 現像用トナー中に含有させることにより、 上記目的が達成されることを見い出し た。 本発明は、 内添離型剤中に低温融解成分が多いと、 トナーの耐ブロッキング 性を悪化させて、 オフセッ ト現象やシートの巻き付き現象を発生させるとの知見 に基づく。  The present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by including a specific novel modified polysiloxane as an internal release agent in a toner for developing an electrostatic image. The present invention is based on the finding that if a low-temperature melting component is large in the internal release agent, the blocking resistance of the toner is deteriorated, and an offset phenomenon and a sheet winding phenomenon are generated.
すなわち、 本発明は、 一般式 (1 ) : R R R That is, the present invention provides a compound represented by the general formula (1): RRR
R— S i 0—(S i 0)n— S i— R ( 1 ) R—S i 0— (S i 0) n —S i—R (1)
I I I  I I I
R" R, R"  R "R, R"
(式中、  (Where
Rは、 炭素数 1〜8のアルキル基又は炭素数 6〜1 0のァリール基を表し ; R' 及び R" は、 それぞれ独立して、 R、  R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; R ′ and R ″ each independently represent R,
(a) 炭素数 1 6〜3 0 0の長鎖アルキル基;又はへテロ原子 1〜1 0を含有 する炭素数 1 6~ 3 0 0のへテロ原子含有長鎖有機基であって、 C2 15アルキレ ン又は C 2- 15アルキレン— C 0—を介してポリシロキサン鎖に結合しているへテ 口原子含有長鎖有機基、 及び (a) a long-chain alkyl group having 16 to 300 carbon atoms; or a long-chain organic group having 16 to 300 carbon atoms containing 1 to 10 hetero atoms, A heteroatom-containing long-chain organic group bonded to the polysiloxane chain via 2 15 alkylene or C 2-15 alkylene—C 0—, and
(b) 水素原子;炭素数 1~8のアルコキシ基;又は、 前記 C2 15アルキレン 又は C 25アルキレン— C 0—と、 そのポリシロキサン結合端の他端に存在する ヘテロ原子とを含んでなる炭素数 2〜1 5の基 (b) a hydrogen atom; an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; or C 2 15 alkylene or C 2 ! A group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, comprising 5 alkylene—C 0— and a hetero atom present at the other end of the polysiloxane bond end
を表し ;そして Represents; and
nは 3〜 2 0 0の整数を表す。  n represents an integer of 3 to 200.
但し、存在する R 'の総数の 0〜 7 5 %が Rであり、 2 5〜 1 0 0 %が前記( a ) の基であり、 そして、 残りが前記 (b) の基である。 )  However, 0 to 75% of the total number of existing R 'is R, 25 to 100% is the group of (a), and the rest is the group of (b). )
で表されるヮックス状オルガノポリシ口キサンであつて、 示差走査熱量計で吸熱 特性を測定したときに得られる吸熱曲線において、 5 0°C以下で融解する画分の 吸熱ピーク面積が全ピーク面積の 5 0 %以下であるワックス状オルガノポリシロ キサンを提供する。 In the endothermic curve obtained by measuring the endothermic characteristics with a differential scanning calorimeter, the endothermic peak area of the fraction that melts at 50 ° C or less is the total peak area. 50% or less of the waxy organopolysiloxane.
本発明は、 このワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンを含んでなる静電荷像現像 用トナー組成物も提供する。 この静電荷像現像用トナー組成物は、 定着速度の可 変幅が大きく、 耐ブロッキング性及び流動性に優れ、 且つオイルレス定着におけ る耐ホッ トオフセッ ト性を具備している。  The present invention also provides a toner composition for developing an electrostatic image comprising the waxy organopolysiloxane. This toner composition for developing an electrostatic image has a wide range of fixing speed, excellent blocking resistance and fluidity, and has hot offset resistance in oilless fixing.
本発明は、 更に、 このワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンを静電荷像現像用卜 ナ一に内添することを含んでなる、 静電荷像現像用トナーの離型性を向上させる 方法を提供する。  The present invention further provides a method for improving the releasability of an electrostatic image developing toner, comprising internally adding the waxy organopolysiloxane to an electrostatic image developing toner.
本発明は、 更に、 静電荷像現像用トナー組成物の製造方法であって、 ( a ) 少なく ともワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンと結着樹脂モノマーとを 含んでなる混合物を調製する工程; The present invention further provides a method for producing a toner composition for electrostatic image development, (a) preparing a mixture comprising at least a waxy organopolysiloxane and a binder resin monomer;
( b ) 前記混合物中のモノマ一を重合反応に付する工程;及び  (b) subjecting the monomers in the mixture to a polymerization reaction; and
( c ) 得られた重合物を回収する工程  (c) a step of collecting the obtained polymer
を含んでなる方法も提供する。 図面の簡単な説明 There is also provided a method comprising: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
図 1は、 実施例 1で調製した化合物 Aの D S Cチャートを示す。  FIG. 1 shows a DSC chart of compound A prepared in Example 1.
図 2は、 実施例 2で調製した化合物 Bの D S Cチヤ一トを示す。  FIG. 2 shows a DSC chart of compound B prepared in Example 2.
図 3は、 実施例 3で調製した化合物 Cの D S Cチャートを示す。  FIG. 3 shows a DSC chart of compound C prepared in Example 3.
図 4は、 実施例 4で調製したヒドロメチルポリシロキサン 2の G P Cチャート を示す。  FIG. 4 shows a GPC chart of hydromethylpolysiloxane 2 prepared in Example 4.
図 5は、 実施例 4で調製したの化合物 Dの D S Cチヤ一トを示す。 発明を実施するための最良の形態  FIG. 5 shows a DSC chart of compound D prepared in Example 4. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
本発明の一般式 ( 1 ) で示されるワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンの Rは、 炭素数 1〜 8、 好ましくは炭素数 1〜 6、 より好ましくは炭素数 1〜 4のアルキ ル基又は炭素数 6〜1 0のァリール基である。 このアルキル基は、 直鎖状でも分 岐状であってもよく、 具体的には、 メチル基、 ェチル基、 プロピル基、 イソプロ ピル基、 ブチル基、 イソブチル基、 へキシル基、 及びォクチル基が含まれ、 メチ ル基及びェチル基が好ましく、 特にメチル基が好ましい。 ァリール基には、 フエ ニル基及びナフチル基が含まれ、 特にフヱニル基が好ましい。  R of the waxy organopolysiloxane represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms. ~ 10 aryl groups. The alkyl group may be linear or branched, and specifically, includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a hexyl group, and an octyl group. And a methyl group and an ethyl group are preferable, and a methyl group is particularly preferable. The aryl group includes a phenyl group and a naphthyl group, and a phenyl group is particularly preferable.
本発明の一般式 ( 1 ) のワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンに存在する R ' の 総数の 0〜 7 5 %、 好ましくは 0〜 6 0 %'、 より好ましくは 3 0〜 6 0 %、 最も 好ましくは 4 0〜 6 0 は Rである。  0 to 75%, preferably 0 to 60% ', more preferably 30 to 60%, and most preferably the total number of R' present in the waxy organopolysiloxane of the general formula (1) of the present invention. 40 to 60 is R.
また、 一般式 ( 1 ) の R ' の総数の 2 5〜 1 0 0 .%、 好ましくは 3 0〜 1 0 0 %、 より好ましくは 3 0〜 9 0 %、 最も好ましくは 3 5〜 7 0 %は、 上記 ( a ) の炭素数 1 6〜3 0 0の長鎖アルキル基、 又はへテロ原子 1〜1 0を含有する炭 素数 1 6 ~ 3 0 0のへテロ原子含有長鎖有機基であって、 C 2 1 5アルキレン又は c215アルキレン一 C◦一、好ましくは C212アルキレン又は c212アルキレン 一 C 0—を介してポリシロキサン鎖に結合しているへテロ原子含有長鎖有機基Further, 25 to 100%, preferably 30 to 100%, more preferably 30 to 90%, and most preferably 35 to 70% of the total number of R ′ in the general formula (1). % Is a long-chain alkyl group having 16 to 300 carbon atoms of the above (a) or a long-chain organic group having 16 to 300 carbon atoms containing 1 to 10 hetero atoms. Wherein C 2 15 alkylene or c 2 - 15 alkylene one C◦ one, preferably C 2 - 12 alkylene or c 2 - 12 alkylene one C 0- a through polysiloxane chains bonded to hetero atom-containing long-chain organic groups to have the
(以下、 長鎖アルキル基及びへテロ原子含有長鎖有機基を総称して、 単に "長鎖 有機基" ということがある) である。 本明細書でいう "ワックス状" の性状は、 この長鎖有機基を上記の割合で有することでもたらされる。 (Hereinafter, the term “long-chain alkyl group” and “heteroatom-containing long-chain organic group” are sometimes collectively referred to simply as “long-chain organic group”). The “waxy” property referred to in the present specification is provided by having the long-chain organic group in the above-described ratio.
このへテロ原子含有長鎖有機基のへテロ原子は、 炭素以外のいかなる原子であ つてもよい。 また、 多種のへテロ原子が混ざったものであってもよく、 それらの 位置も何れであってもよい。 但し、 このへテロ原子含有長鎖有機基は、 C215ァ ルキレン又は C215アルキレン— CO—を介してオルガノポリシロキサンに結合 する。 このへテロ原子含有長鎖有機基中のへテロ原子の総数は、 1〜1 0、 好ま しくは 1〜 5、 より好ましくは 1〜3である。 好ましくは、 ヘテロ原子は酸素原 子又は窒素原子から選択される。 The hetero atom of the hetero atom-containing long-chain organic group may be any atom other than carbon. In addition, various types of hetero atoms may be mixed, and their positions may be any positions. However, heteroatom-containing long-chain organic groups to this, C 2 - 15 § alkylene or C 2 - 15 alkylene - CO- binds to the organopolysiloxane via. The total number of heteroatoms in the heteroatom-containing long-chain organic group is 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5, and more preferably 1 to 3. Preferably, the heteroatoms are selected from oxygen atoms or nitrogen atoms.
長鎖アルキル基を包含する長鎖有機基の炭素数は、 1 6〜 3 0 0、 好ましくは 1 8〜 2 0 0、より好ましくは 2 0〜 1 0 0、最も好ましくは 2 0〜 5 0である。 この長鎖有機基は、 直鎖状であっても分岐状であってもよい。 長鎖有機基の平均 炭素数が 1 6未満の場合は、 常温でオイル状となり、 静電荷像現像用トナーの内 添離型剤として使用した場合、 トナーがブロック化したり、 トナーの流動性が低 下する。 また、 平均炭素数が 3 0 0より大きいと、 吸熱最大ピーク温度が高くな りすぎ、 ワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンの製造及び静電荷像現像用卜ナ一^ の配合が困難となる。  The carbon number of the long-chain organic group including the long-chain alkyl group is 16 to 300, preferably 18 to 200, more preferably 20 to 100, and most preferably 20 to 50. It is. This long-chain organic group may be linear or branched. When the average carbon number of the long-chain organic group is less than 16, it becomes oily at normal temperature, and when used as an internal release agent for toner for developing electrostatic images, the toner becomes blocked or the fluidity of the toner decreases. descend. On the other hand, if the average number of carbon atoms is larger than 300, the maximum endothermic peak temperature becomes too high, and it becomes difficult to produce a waxy organopolysiloxane and to mix the toner for developing an electrostatic image.
そのような長鎖有機基には、 直鎖状又は分岐状の、  Such long chain organic groups include straight or branched,
アルキル基 〔CH3(CH2)P ―〕 ; Alkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) P- ];
アルコキシカルボニルアルキル基 〔C H3(C H2)D0 C 0)(C H2)q—〕 ; アルキルァミノカルボニルァルキル基〔CH3(CH2)PNHC◦(CH2)Q—〕 ; アルキルカルボニルォキシアルキル基 〔CH3(CH2)pCOO(CH2)q—〕 ; アルコキシアルキル基 〔CH3(CH2)pO(CH2)q—〕 ; Alkoxycarbonylalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) D 0 C 0) (CH 2 ) q —]; alkylaminocarbonylalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) P NHC◦ (CH 2 ) Q —]; alkyl Carbonyloxyalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) p COO (CH 2 ) q —]; alkoxyalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) p O (CH 2 ) q —];
アルキルカルボニルォキシ (2—ヒ ドロキシ) プロピルォキシアルキル基 〔C H3(CH2)pCOOCH2CH(OH)CH20(CH 一〕 ; Alkylcarbonyloxy (2-hydroxy) propyloxyalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) p COOCH 2 CH (OH) CH 20 (CH 1);
アルキルカルボニルァミノァルキル基〔〇113(〇^^)1)じ0]^]¾( ^12)。ー〕 ; アルキルァミノカルボニルァミノアルキル基〔C H3(C H2)PNH C 0NH (C H2)Q -〕 ; Alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl group [〇11 3 (〇 ^^) 1) j0] ^] ¾ (^ 1 2 ).ー]; An alkylaminocarbonylaminoalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) P NH C 0 NH (CH 2 ) Q- ];
アルコキシカルボニルァミノアルキル基 〔C H3(C H2)P0 (C 0)NH Alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl group (CH 3 (CH 2 ) P 0 (C 0) NH
(C H2)Q -〕 ; (CH 2 ) Q- ];
アルコキシカルボニルァミノアルキルアミノアルキル基 〔C H3(C H2)P0(C 0)NH(C H2)QNH(C H2)R—〕 ;及び An alkoxycarbonylaminoalkylaminoalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) P 0 (C 0) NH (CH 2 ) Q NH (CH 2 ) R —]; and
アルキルカルボニルアミノアルキルアミノアルキル基 〔C H3(C H2)P C ON H(C H2)QNH(C H2)R - が含まれる。 式中、 q及び rは、 それぞれ独立して、 2〜1 5、 好ましくは 2〜 1 2の整数であり、 そして、 pは長鎖有機基の炭素数の合計が 1 6〜3 0 0、 好 ましくは 1 8〜 2 0 0、 より好ましくは 2 0〜 1 0 0、 最も好ましくは 2 0〜 5 0となる整数である。 なお、 上式では分岐状の炭素鎖は示されていないが、 本発 明の長鎖有機基にはそれらも含まれる。 直鎖状の長鎖アルキル基、 アルコキシ力 ルボニルアルキル基、 アルコキシカルボニルァミノアルキル基、 アルキルカルボ ニルァミノアルキル基、 アルキルカルボニルォキシアルキル基、 アルキルカルボ ニルォキシ (2—ヒ ドロキシ) プロピルォキシアルキル基、 アルキルカルボニル ァミノアルキルァミノアルキル基、 及びアルキルァミノカルボニルアルキル基が 好ましい。 Alkylcarbonylamino alkylaminoalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2) P C ON H (CH 2) Q NH (CH 2) R - is included. In the formula, q and r are each independently an integer of 2 to 15, preferably 2 to 12, and p is a total of 16 to 300 carbon atoms of the long-chain organic group, It is preferably an integer of 18 to 200, more preferably 20 to 100, and most preferably 20 to 50. In the above formula, branched carbon chains are not shown, but the long-chain organic groups of the present invention include those. Linear long-chain alkyl group, alkoxyl carbonyl alkyl group, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl group, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl group, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl group, alkylcarbonyloxy (2-hydroxy) propyloxyalkyl Groups, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylaminoalkyl groups, and alkylaminocarbonylalkyl groups are preferred.
具体的には、 In particular,
C H3(C H2)23-s C H3(C H2)45- ; CH 3 (CH 2 ) 23 -s CH 3 (CH 2 ) 45- ;
C H3(C H2)210(C O)(C H 2)2 -、 C H3(C H2)2iO(C O) C H2 C H(C H3) ―、 C H3(C H2)210 (C 0)(Ο Η2)11 -Λ C H3(C H 2) 290 (C 0)(C H) -^ C H3(C H 2) 390 (C O)(C H 2) 1 1 - ; CH 3 (CH 2 ) 210 (CO) (CH 2 ) 2- , CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 iO (CO) CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) ―, CH 3 (CH 2 ) 210 (C 0) (Ο Η 2 ) 11 -Λ CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 90 (C 0) (CH)-^ CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 90 (CO) (CH 2 ) 1 1- ;
C H3(C H2)21NH C O(C H 2)2 - ; CH 3 (CH 2 ) 21 NH CO (CH 2 ) 2- ;
C H3(C H2)2。C O O C H(C H3) C H2 - ; CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 . COOCH (CH 3 ) CH 2- ;
C H3(C H2)210(C H2)3—、 C H3(C H2)210 (C H2)13— ; CH 3 (CH 2 ) 210 (CH 2 ) 3 —, CH 3 (CH 2 ) 210 (CH 2 ) 13 —;
C H3(C H2)21 C O O C H2 C H(OH) C H20(C H2)3 一 ; CH 3 (CH 2 ) 21 COOCH 2 CH (OH) CH 20 (CH 2 ) 31 ;
C H3(C H2)2。C O NH(C H 2)3 - ; CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 . CO NH (CH 2 ) 3- ;
C H3(C H2)2iNHCONH(C H2)3 - ; CH3(CH2)210(C 0)NH(CH2)3- ; CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2iNHCONH (CH 2 ) 3 −; CH 3 (CH 2 ) 210 (C 0) NH (CH 2 ) 3 −;
CH3(CH2)210(C O)NH(CH2)2NH(CH2)3— ;及び CH 3 (CH 2 ) 210 (CO) NH (CH 2 ) 2 NH (CH 2 ) 3 —; and
CH3(CH2)2。C ONH(CH2)3NH(CH2)3 - が含まれる。 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 . C ONH (CH 2 ) 3 NH (CH 2 ) 3- .
一般式 (1 ) で示されるワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンに存在する R' か ら R及び長鎖有機基を除いた基、 即ち、 上記 (b) の基は、 オルガノポリシロキ サンに長鎖有機基を導入するに際して副生する基である。 R' の総数に占めるこ の基の割合は、 好ましくは 0〜 1 0 %、 より好ましくは 0〜5 %、 最も好ましく は 0 %である。 この基の種類は、 一般式 (1 ) のワックス状オルガノポリシロキ サンの製法を説明する際に再度言及する。  The group obtained by removing R and the long-chain organic group from R 'present in the wax-like organopolysiloxane represented by the general formula (1), that is, the group of (b) is a long-chain organic group in the organopolysiloxane. Is a by-product group when introducing. The proportion of this group in the total number of R 'is preferably 0 to 10%, more preferably 0 to 5%, most preferably 0%. The type of this group will be referred to again when explaining the method for producing the waxy organopolysiloxane of the general formula (1).
一般式 (1 ) において nは平均で 3〜2 0 0の整数を表すが、 好ましくは平均 で 5〜 1 5 0、 より好ましくは平均で 5〜 1 0 0であり、 最も好ましくは平均で 5〜5 0である。 nが 2 0 0より大きいと、 静電荷像現像用トナーの内添離型剤 として使用した場合、 耐ブロッキング性が不十分となる。  In the general formula (1), n represents an integer of 3 to 200 on average, preferably 5 to 150 on average, more preferably 5 to 100 on average, and most preferably 5 to 100 on average. ~ 50. When n is greater than 200, the blocking resistance becomes insufficient when used as an internal release agent for the toner for developing electrostatic images.
示差走査熱量計は、 いわゆる D S Cと呼ばれる熱量測定器のことで、 本明細書 中における吸熱ピーク面積とは、 D S C— 6 2 0 0 (セイコー電子工業株式会社 製) により試料 5 mgを 1 0°C/'分の一定の昇温速度で加熱することによる第 2 昇温工程で融解熱を測定した D S Cチャートのベースラインと吸熱ピークで囲ま れた面積のことである。  A differential scanning calorimeter is a calorimeter called so-called DSC. The endothermic peak area in the present specification refers to a DSC-6200 (manufactured by Seiko Electronic Industry Co., Ltd.) of measuring 5 mg of a sample at 10 °. This is the area surrounded by the baseline and endothermic peak of the DSC chart where the heat of fusion was measured in the second heating step by heating at a constant heating rate of C / 'minute.
本発明のワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンは、 この全体の吸熱ピーク面積の うち 5 0°C以下で融解する画分の吸熱ピーク面積が 5 0.%以下であることが必須 である。 この割合が 5 0 %より多いと静電荷像現像用トナーの内添離型剤として 使用した場合、 オフセッ 卜現象やシートの巻き付き現象を充分に防止することが できない。 好ましくは、 この割合は 4 0 %以下、 より好ましくは 3 5 %以下であ る。 また、 トナーの保存安定性の面から、 3 5 °C以下で融解する画分の吸熱ピー ク面積の全体に対する割合は、 好ましくは 3 0 %以下、 より好ましくは 1 5 %以 下、 最も好ましくは 1 0 %以下であり、 2 5 °C以下で融解する画分の吸熱ピーク 面積の全体に対する割合は、 好ましくは 1 0 %以下、 より好ましくは 5 %以下で める。 このワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンを静電荷像現像用卜ナ―の内添離型剤 として使用する場合、 その吸熱最大ピーク温度は、 典型的には 4 0〜 1 5 0°Cで あり、 5 0〜 1 3 0°Cであるのが好ましく、 5 0〜 1 1 0°Cであるのがより好ま しく、 6 0〜 1 0 0°Cであるのが特に好ましい。 吸熱最大ピーク温度が低い場合 はトナーの耐ブロッキング性が不十分であり、 高い場合は低温定着性及び離型効 果が不十分になる。 In the waxy organopolysiloxane of the present invention, it is essential that the endothermic peak area of the fraction that melts at 50 ° C or lower is 50% or less of the entire endothermic peak area. If this ratio is more than 50%, the offset phenomenon and the sheet wrapping phenomenon cannot be sufficiently prevented when used as an internal release agent for the toner for developing electrostatic images. Preferably, this proportion is at most 40%, more preferably at most 35%. Further, from the viewpoint of the storage stability of the toner, the ratio of the endothermic peak area of the fraction that melts at 35 ° C or less to the total area is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 15% or less, and most preferably. Is 10% or less, and the ratio of the endothermic peak area of the fraction that melts at 25 ° C or less to the whole is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less. When the waxy organopolysiloxane is used as an internal release agent for a toner for developing an electrostatic image, the maximum endothermic peak temperature is typically 40 to 150 ° C., and 50 ° C. To 130 ° C., more preferably 50 to 110 ° C., and particularly preferably 60 to 100 ° C. When the maximum endothermic peak temperature is low, the blocking resistance of the toner is insufficient, and when it is high, the low-temperature fixability and the releasing effect become insufficient.
上記の吸熱ピーク面積及び吸熱最大ピーク温度の両方の要件を満たすヮックス 状オルガノポリシロキサンは、 (1) R' の総数に占める (a) の基の割合を多 くする ; (2) (a) の基の平均分子量を大きくする ; (3) (a) の基の分子 量分布を狭くする ;及び/又は (4) (a) の基がアミ ド基のような極性基を有 するようにする、 ことにより得ることができる。  In the case of the organopolysiloxane having a satisfies the requirements of both the above-mentioned endothermic peak area and endothermic maximum peak temperature, (1) the proportion of the group (a) in the total number of R's is increased; (2) (a) (3) narrow the molecular weight distribution of the group (a); and / or (4) make the group (a) have a polar group such as an amide group. It can be obtained by doing.
好ましい態様においては、 一般式 ( 1 ) のワックス状オルガノポリシロキサン は、 Rがメチルであり、 存在する R' の総数の 4 0〜6 0 %%'が R、 即ち、 メチ ルであり ;存在する R' の総数の 3 5〜 7 0 %が炭素数 2 0〜 5 0の長鎖アルキ ル基、アルコキシカルボニルアルキル基、アルキルカルボニルァミノアルキル基、 アルキルカルボニルォキシアルキル基、 アルキルカルボニルアミノアルキルアミ ノアルキル基、 又はアルキルァミノカルボニルアルキル基から選択される長鎖有 機基であり、 存在する R' の総数の 0〜 5 %が炭素数 1〜 8のアルコキシ基であ り ; R" が R、 即ち、 メチルであり、 nが平均で 5〜 5 0であり ; D S Cで測定 した全体の吸熱ピーク面積のうち 5 0°C以下で融解する画分の吸熱ピーク面積が 4 0 %'以下であり ; そして吸熱最大ピークの温度が 6 0〜1 0 0°Cであるオルガ ノポリシロキサンである。  In a preferred embodiment, in the waxy organopolysiloxane of the general formula (1), R is methyl, and 40 to 60%% of the total number of R ′ present is R, that is, methyl; 35 to 70% of the total number of R's has a long-chain alkyl group of 20 to 50 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group, an alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl group, an alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl group, an alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl group. A long-chain organic group selected from an aminoalkyl group or an alkylaminocarbonylalkyl group, wherein 0 to 5% of the total number of existing R's is an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R, that is, methyl, and n is 5 to 50 on average; of the total endothermic peak area measured by DSC, the endothermic peak area of the fraction melting at 50 ° C or lower is 40% 'or lower. And endothermic maximum Temperature of chromatography click is Olga Bruno polysiloxane is 6 0~1 0 0 ° C.
次に、 一般式 (1) で表されるワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンの製法を説 明する。  Next, a method for producing the waxy organopolysiloxane represented by the general formula (1) will be described.
まず、 一般式 (1) のワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンの長鎖有機基が長鎖 アルキル基である、 一般式 ( 1 a) : R R R R First, the long-chain organic group of the waxy organopolysiloxane of the general formula (1) is a long-chain alkyl group. RRRR
I I I I  I I I I
R-S i 0-(S i 0)a-(S i 0)b-S i - R (l a) RS i 0- (S i 0) a- (S i 0) b -S i-R (la)
I I I I  I I I I
R (CH2)P R R R (CH 2 ) P RR
CH3 CH 3
(式中、 a及び bは合計が 3〜2 00となる整数であり、 Rは炭素数 1〜8のァ ルキル基又は炭素数 6〜1 0のァリール基であり、 そして pは長鎖有機基の炭素 数の合計が 1 6〜300となる整数である。 )  (Where a and b are integers totaling 3 to 200, R is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and p is a long-chain organic group. It is an integer such that the total number of carbon atoms of the group is 16 to 300.)
のポリシロキサンは、 一般式 (2) : The polysiloxane of the general formula (2):
R R R R  R R R R
R-S i O-(S i O)a-(S i O)b-S i -R (2) RS i O- (S i O) a- (S i O) b -S i -R (2)
' I I I I  '' I I I I
R H R R  R H R R
(式中、 R、 a及び bは先に定義した通りである。 )  (Wherein R, a and b are as defined above.)
で表されるヒドロオルガノボリシロキサンのヒドロシリル基 (H— S i≡) を長 鎖 1—アルゲン 〔CH3(CH2)P2 CH=CH2 〕 に付加(ヒドロシリル化反応) させることにより得られる。 In represented by hydro Olga Nobori hydrosilyl groups of the siloxane (H- S i≡) a long chain 1 algenic [CH 3 (CH 2) P - 2 CH = CH 2 ] added to obtain by (hydrosilylation reaction) Can be
一般式 (2) のヒドロオルガノポリシロキサンは、 例えば、 Rがアルキル基で ある場合、 例えば、 テトラアルキルジシロキサンとォクタアルキルシクロテトラ シロキサンとを硫酸等の酸触媒の存在下、 常温で数時間開環重合させることによ り、 種々の重合度のものとして得ることができる。  When R is an alkyl group, for example, the hydroorganopolysiloxane of the general formula (2) is obtained by reacting tetraalkyldisiloxane and octaalkylcyclotetrasiloxane for several hours at room temperature in the presence of an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid. By ring-opening polymerization, it can be obtained in various degrees of polymerization.
一方、 長鎖 1一アルゲンは、 常法で製造しても市販品を使用しても良い。 例え ば、 三菱化学株式会社からダイアレン 30の間品名で入手可能な長鎖 1ーァルケ ンは、 平均炭素数 30を有する。 また、 出光石油化学株式会社からリニアレン 1 8の商品名で入手可能な長鎖 1一アルゲンは、 平均炭素数 1 8を有する。 薄膜蒸 留装置等によりこれら市販の長鎖 1—アルゲン中の低分子量成分を除去して、 平 均分子量を高く して使用してもよい。  On the other hand, the long-chain 11-argen may be produced by a conventional method or a commercially available product. For example, a long-chain 1-alkene available from Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation under the trade name Dialen 30 has an average carbon number of 30. In addition, long-chain 11-argen available from Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. under the trade name Linearen 18 has an average carbon number of 18. The low molecular weight component in these commercially available long-chain 1-argens may be removed by a thin film distillation apparatus or the like to increase the average molecular weight before use.
このヒ ドロシリル化反応は、 触媒の存在下、 室温から 1 5 0°C程度、 好ましく は 4 0°C〜120°C程度の温度で行うことができる。 触媒としては、 白金、 ルテ 二ゥム、 ロジウム、 パラジウム、 オスミウム、 イリジウム等の化合物があるが、 その触媒活性の高さより特に白金化合物が有効である。白金化合物の例としては、 塩化白金酸;金属白金; アルミナ、 シリカ、 力一ボンブラック等の坦体に金属白 金を坦持させたもの ;及び、 白金—ビニルシロキサン錯体、 白金一ホスフィ ン錯 体、白金ーホスフアイ ト錯体、白金アルコラ一 ト触媒等の白金錯体が挙げられる。 触媒の量は、 白金触媒を使用する場合、 金属白金として 0 . 0 0 0 1〜0 . 1重量 程度である。 This hydrosilylation reaction can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature from room temperature to about 150 ° C, preferably about 40 ° C to 120 ° C. Examples of the catalyst include compounds such as platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, and iridium, and platinum compounds are particularly effective because of their high catalytic activity. Examples of platinum compounds include: Chloroplatinic acid; metallic platinum; alumina, silica, carbon black, etc., with metallic platinum supported thereon; and platinum-vinylsiloxane complex, platinum-phosphine complex, platinum-phosphite complex, Platinum complexes such as a platinum alcohol catalyst are exemplified. When a platinum catalyst is used, the amount of the catalyst is about 0.001 to 0.1 weight as platinum metal.
ヒ ドロシリル化反応の際、 必要に応じて溶媒を用いてもよい。 使用可能な溶媒 としては、 チォフェン、 硫化ジェチル等の硫黄化合物; ァセトニトリル、 ジェチ ルァミ ン、 ァニリン等の窒素化合物 ;酢酸、 酪酸等の脂肪酸、 及びこれらの酸無 水物; エーテル; ァセタール、 シク口へキサノンなどのケ卜ン ;エステル; フェ ノール;炭化水素;ハロゲン化炭化水素;及び、 ジメチルポリシロキサンなどが 挙げられる。  At the time of the hydrosilylation reaction, a solvent may be used if necessary. Examples of usable solvents include sulfur compounds such as thiophene and getyl sulfide; nitrogen compounds such as acetonitrile, methylamine, and aniline; fatty acids such as acetic acid and butyric acid; and anhydrides of these acids; ethers; Ketones such as xanone; esters; phenols; hydrocarbons; halogenated hydrocarbons; and dimethylpolysiloxane.
このヒ ドロシリル化反応によるオルガノポリシロキサン鎖への長鎖有機基の導 入は、 長鎖 1 一アルゲンを使用する場合に限られず、 導入に使用される化合物中 にエチレン性二重結合が存在すれば、いかなる長鎖有機基の導入にも適用できる。 本発明の一般式 ( 1 ) のワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンのへテロ原子含有 長鎖有機基は、 その一部を構成するアルキレン基又はアルキレンカルボ二ル基を 介してオルガノポリシロキサン鎖に結合するから、 反応後にそのアルキレン基又 はアルキレンカルボ二ル基を構成することになる長鎖有機基中のェチレン基をェ チレン性二重結合に変換してから、 それを一般式 (2 ) のヒ ドロオルガノポリシ ロキサンのヒ ドロシリル基と反応させれば、 全ての一般式 (1 ) のワックス状ォ ルガノポリシ口キサンは、ヒ ドロシリル化反応を利用して合成することができる。 エチレン性二重結合の形成方法は、 当該技術分野で周知である。  Introduction of a long-chain organic group into an organopolysiloxane chain by this hydrosilylation reaction is not limited to the case of using a long-chain mono-argen, but may include an ethylenic double bond in a compound used for introduction. The present invention can be applied to the introduction of any long-chain organic group. The long-chain organic group containing a hetero atom of the waxy organopolysiloxane represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention is bonded to the organopolysiloxane chain via an alkylene group or an alkylene carboxy group constituting a part thereof. After the reaction, the ethylene group in the long-chain organic group, which constitutes the alkylene group or alkylene carboxy group, is converted into an ethylenic double bond, which is then converted into a hydrophile of the general formula (2). By reacting with the hydrosilyl group of the organopolysiloxane, all waxy organopolysiloxanes of the general formula (1) can be synthesized using a hydrosilylation reaction. Methods for forming ethylenic double bonds are well known in the art.
また、 オルガノポリシロキサン鎖へ長鎖有機基を直接導入しないで、 まず、 ヒ ドロシリル化反応によって、 他端にヘテロ原子を有するアルキレン基又はアルキ レンカルボ二ル基を導入した後に、 エステル化、 アミ ド化、 エーテル化、 N—ァ ルキル化等の当業者に公知の反応を用いて鎖を延長することもできる。  Also, instead of directly introducing a long-chain organic group into an organopolysiloxane chain, first, an alkylene group or an alkylene carbonyl group having a hetero atom at the other end is introduced by a hydrosilylation reaction, followed by esterification and amide. The chain can also be extended using reactions known to those skilled in the art, such as alkylation, etherification, and N-alkylation.
例えば、 長鎖有機基がアルキレンカルボ二ルォキシ基を介してオルガノポリシ ロキサン鎖に連結している一般式 ( l b ) : R R R R For example, a general formula (lb) in which a long-chain organic group is linked to an organopolysiloxane chain through an alkylenecarboxy group. RRRR
I I I I  I I I I
R— S i 0—(S i 0)a_(S i 0)b— S i— R (l b) R—S i 0— (S i 0) a _ (S i 0) b —S i—R (lb)
I I I I  I I I I
R (CH2)q R R R (CH 2 ) q RR
CO - 0(CH2)PCH3 CO-0 (CH 2 ) P CH 3
(式中、 qは 2〜1 5の整数であり、 そして、 R、 a、 b及び pは先に定義した 通りでありる。 )  (Where q is an integer from 2 to 15 and R, a, b and p are as defined above.)
のオルガノポリシロキサンは、 アクリル酸エステル、 メ夕クリル酸エステル又は ゥンデシレン酸エステルのような不飽和カルボン酸エステル 〔例えば、 CH2 = CH (CH2)q-2 CO OR" 〕 を、 一般式 (2) のヒ ドロオルガノポリシロキサ ンとのヒ ドロシリル化反応に付し、 次いで、 得られた一般式 (3) : The organopolysiloxane, acrylic acid esters, main evening unsaturated carboxylic acid esters such as acrylic acid ester or Undeshiren esters [e.g., CH 2 = CH (CH 2 ) q - 2 CO OR " ] the general formula ( 2) subjected to a hydrosilylation reaction with a hydroorganopolysiloxane, and then the obtained general formula (3):
R R R R R R R R
I I I I I I I I
R-S i 0-(S i 0)a-(S i 0)b-S i - R (3) RS i 0- (S i 0) a- (S i 0) b -S i-R (3)
R (CH2)。 R R R (CH 2). RR
C 0 OR"  C 0 OR "
(式中、 R" はエステル形成基であり、 そして、 R、 a、 b、 p及び Qは先に定 義した通りである。 )  Wherein R "is an ester-forming group, and R, a, b, p and Q are as defined above.
のエステル基含有オルガノポリシロキサンを、 長鎖アルコール 〔CH3(CH2)P COOH〕 とのエステル交換反応に付することにより得られる。 By subjecting the ester group-containing organopolysiloxane to a transesterification reaction with a long-chain alcohol [CH 3 (CH 2 ) P COOH].
同様にして、 一般式 ( 1 c) : Similarly, the general formula (1c):
R R R R R R R R
I I I I I I I I
R-S i 0-(S i 0)a-(S i 0)b-S i -R ( 1 c) RS i 0- (S i 0) a- (S i 0) b -S i -R (1 c)
I I I I  I I I I
R (C H2)q R R R (CH 2 ) q RR
CO-NH(CH2)PCH3 CO-NH (CH 2 ) P CH 3
(式中、 R、 a、 b、 p及び Qは先に定義した通りである。 )  (Wherein, R, a, b, p and Q are as defined above.)
のオルガノポリシロキサンを、 一般式 (3) のエステル基含有オルガノポリシ口 キサンと長鎖アルキルアミ ン 〔CH3(CH2)P NH2 〕 とのアミ ド化反応に付す ることにより得ることができる。 Can be obtained by subjecting an organopolysiloxane of the formula (1) to an amidation reaction between an ester group-containing organopolysiloxane of the general formula (3) and a long-chain alkylamine [CH 3 (CH 2 ) P NH 2 ]. .
また、 長鎖有機基がアルキレンォキシカルボ二ル基を介してオルガノボリシ口 キサン鎖に連結している一般式 (1 d) : R R R R In addition, a general formula (1d) in which a long-chain organic group is linked to an organoborane siloxane chain through an alkyleneoxycarbonyl group: RRRR
I I I I  I I I I
R-S i O-(S i O)a-(S i O)b-S i -R (I d) RS i O- (S i O) a- (S i O) b -S i -R (I d)
I I I I  I I I I
R (CH2)q R R R (CH 2 ) q RR
0  0
I I
CO-(CH2)PCH3 CO- (CH 2 ) P CH 3
(式中、 R、 a、 b、 p及び qは先に定義した通りである。 )  (Wherein, R, a, b, p and q are as defined above.)
のオルガノポリシロキサンは、 ァリルアルコール及びゥンデシレニルアルコール のような不飽和アルコール 〔例えば、 CH2 =CH (CH2)q-2 OH] を、 一般 式 ( 2 ) のヒ ドロオルガノポリシロキサンとのヒ ドロシリル化反応に付し、 次い で、 得られた一般式 (4) : The organopolysiloxane, § unsaturated alcohols such as Lil alcohol and © emissions Desi les alkenyl alcohol [e.g., CH 2 = CH (CH 2 ) q - a 2 OH], human mud organopolysiloxanes of the general formula (2) After subjecting it to a hydrosilylation reaction with siloxane, the following general formula (4) is obtained:
R R R R R R R R
I I I I I I I I
R-S i O-(S i O)a-(S i O)b-S i -R (4) RS i O- (S i O) a- (S i O) b -S i -R (4)
I I I I  I I I I
R (CH2)q R R R (CH 2 ) q RR
I I
OH OH
(式中、 R、 a、 b及び Qは先に定義した通りである。 )  (In the formula, R, a, b and Q are as defined above.)
のヒ ドロキシオルガノポリシロキサンを、 長鎖カルボン酸 〔CH3(CH2)P COOf hydroxyorganopolysiloxane of long-chain carboxylic acid (CH 3 (CH 2 ) P CO
OH] 又はその酸塩化物のような活性化誘導体とのエステル化反応に付すること により得られる。 [OH] or an activated derivative such as an acid chloride thereof.
同様にして、 一般式 (1 e) :  Similarly, the general formula (1e):
R R R R
I I I I
R-S i O- i O)b-S i -R ( 1 e) RS i O- i O) b -S i -R (1 e)
I I I I
R R
Figure imgf000014_0001
RR
Figure imgf000014_0001
(式中、 R、 a、 b、 p及び Qは先に定義した通りである。 )  (Wherein, R, a, b, p and Q are as defined above.)
のオルガノポリシロキサンを、 一般式 (4) のヒ ドロキシオルガノポリシロキサ ンと長鎖アルキルハロゲン化物〔CH3(CH2)P X (Xはハロゲン原子を表す) 〕 とのエーテル化反応に付することにより得ることができる。 Of the organopolysiloxane of formula (4) with the long-chain alkyl halide [CH 3 (CH 2 ) P X (X represents a halogen atom)] Can be obtained.
更に、 ヒ ドロキシプロピル基を有する長鎖有機基がアルキレンォキシ基を介し てオルガノボリシロキサン鎖に連結している一般式 ( I f ) : Furthermore, a long-chain organic group having a hydroxypropyl group is linked via an alkyleneoxy group. General formula (If) linked to an organopolysiloxane chain by
R R R R  R R R R
1 1 1 1  1 1 1 1
R-S i O-(S i O)a-(S i O)b-S i -R (I f ) RS i O- (S i O) a- (S i O) b -S i -R (I f)
I I I I  I I I I
R (CH2)q R R R (CH 2 ) q RR
0-CH2CH(OH)CH2OCO(CH2)PCH3 0-CH 2 CH (OH) CH 2 OCO (CH 2 ) P CH 3
(式中、 R、 a、 b、 p及び qは先に定義した通りである。 )  (Wherein, R, a, b, p and q are as defined above.)
のオルガノポリシロキサンは、 1—ァリルォキシ _ 2, 3—エポキシプロパンの ような , ー不飽和エポキシ化合物 〔例えば、 CH2 =CH (CH2)q-2 0—The organopolysiloxane, 1- Ariruokishi _ 2, such as 3-epoxypropane, chromatography unsaturated epoxy compound [for example, CH 2 = CH (CH 2 ) q - 2 0-
C H z C H (0) CH2 〕 を、 一般式 (2) のヒ ドロオルガノポリシロキサンと のヒ ドロシリル化反応に付し、 次いで、 得られた一般式 (5) : CH z CH (0) CH 2 ] is subjected to a hydrosilylation reaction with a hydroorganopolysiloxane of the general formula (2), and then the obtained general formula (5):
R- i -R (5)
Figure imgf000015_0001
R- i -R (5)
Figure imgf000015_0001
(式中、 R、 a、 b及び Qは先に定義した通りである。 )  (In the formula, R, a, b and Q are as defined above.)
のエポキシ基含有オルガノポリシロキサンのエポキシ基を、 長鎖カルボン酸 〔CThe epoxy group of the epoxy group-containing organopolysiloxane of the above is converted to a long-chain carboxylic acid (C
H3(C H2)P C OOH] との関隈付加反応に付することにより侍られる。 H 3 (CH 2 ) PC OOH].
次に、 一般式 (1) のワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンの長鎖有機基が、 ァ ルキレンアミノ基を介してオルガノポリシロキサン鎖と結合した形である、 一般 式 (1 g) : Then, long-chain organic group of waxy organopolysiloxane of the general formula (1) is in the form bound to the organopolysiloxane chain via § Rukiren'amino group, the general formula (1 g):
R R R R R R R R
I I I I I I I I
R-S i 0-(S i 0)a-(S i 0)b-S i - R ( 1 g) RS i 0- (S i 0) a- (S i 0) b -S i-R (1 g)
I I I I  I I I I
R (C H2)q R R R (CH 2 ) q RR
NH CO-(CH2)PCH3 NH CO- (CH 2 ) P CH 3
(式中、 R、 a、 b、 p及び qは先に定義した通りである。 )  (Wherein, R, a, b, p and q are as defined above.)
のポリシロキサンは、 一般式 (6) : R R R R The polysiloxane of the general formula (6): RRRR
I I I I  I I I I
R-S i O-(S i O)a-(S i O)b-S i -R (6) RS i O- (S i O) a- (S i O) b -S i -R (6)
I I I I  I I I I
R (CH2)q R R R (CH 2 ) q RR
NH2 NH 2
(式中、 R、 a、 b及び Qは先に定義した通りである。 )  (In the formula, R, a, b and Q are as defined above.)
で表されるアミノオルガノポリシロキサンと、 長鎖カルボン酸 〔CH3(CH2)P COOH〕 又はその酸塩化物のような活性化誘導体とのアミ ド化反応により製造 できる。 And an activated derivative such as a long-chain carboxylic acid [CH 3 (CH 2 ) P COOH] or an acid chloride thereof.
この種のアミ ド化反応により導入できる他の長鎖有機基には、 アルキルアミノ カルボニルァミノアルキル基 〔C H3(C H2)P NH C ONH (C H2)q ―〕 及び、 アルコキシカルボニルァミノアルキル基 〔CH3(CH2)P 0 (CO) NH (C H 2)q —〕 がある。 これら長鎖有機基のように、 多数の結合形成基を含有する長鎖 有機基は、 一般式 (6) のァミノオルガノポリシロキサンのァミノ基にその長鎖 有機基の断片を順次結合させることにより、 オルガノポリシロキサン上で形成し てもよい。 Other long-chain organic groups can be introduced by Ami de reaction of this kind, alkylaminocarbonyl § aminoalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2) P NH C ONH (CH 2) q - ] and, alkoxycarbonyl § Mino There is an alkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) P 0 (CO) NH (CH 2 ) q —]. Like these long-chain organic groups, a long-chain organic group containing a large number of bond-forming groups is obtained by sequentially bonding a fragment of the long-chain organic group to the amino group of the amino-organopolysiloxane of the general formula (6). May be formed on an organopolysiloxane.
一般式 (6) で表されるァミノオルガノポリシロキサンのうち、 例えば、 尺が アルキル基であるものは、 例えば、 テトラアルキル (テトラアミノアルキル) シ クロテトラシロキサン、 ォクタアルキルシクロテトラシロキサン及びテトラアル キルジシロキサンとを KOH等のアルカリ触媒の存在下、 90〜140°Cで数時 間加熱して開環重合させることにより、 種々の重合度のものとして得ることがで きる。 このアミノオルガノポリシロキサンカ^ 一般式 (2) のヒ ドロオルガノポ リシロキサンと、 ァリルァミ ンのようなエチレン性二重結合を有する不飽和ァミ ン 〔例えば、 NH2(CH2)q2 C H = C H2 〕 とのヒ ドロシリル化反応によって も得られることは、 先の説明から容易に理解されるであろう。 Of the aminoorganopolysiloxanes represented by the general formula (6), for example, those whose length is an alkyl group include, for example, tetraalkyl (tetraaminoalkyl) cyclotetrasiloxane, octaalkylcyclotetrasiloxane and tetraalkyl. By heating the ring-opening polymerization with kildisiloxane at 90 to 140 ° C. for several hours in the presence of an alkali catalyst such as KOH, various degrees of polymerization can be obtained. The aminoorganopolysiloxane is a hydroorganopolysiloxane of the general formula (2) and an unsaturated amine having an ethylenic double bond such as arylamine [for example, NH 2 (CH 2 ) q2 CH = It will be easily understood from the above explanation that the compound can also be obtained by a hydrosilylation reaction with [CH 2 ].
一般式 (6) のァミノオルガノポリシロキサンの上記合成例で用いるテトラァ ルキル (テトラアミノアルキル) シクロテ卜ラシロキサンのアミノ基をカルボン 酸エステル基に代えれば、 一般式 (3) のエステル基含有オルガノポリシロキサ ンが得られる。 ヒ ドロシリル化反応に依らないこの方法では、 カルボン酸エステ ル基ではなくフリーのカルボン酸基を用いることもできる。 また、 アミノ能をヒ ドロキシ基に代えれば、 一般式 (4) のヒ ドロキシオルガノポリシロキサンが得 ら才" Iる。 If the amino group of the tetraalkyl (tetraaminoalkyl) cyclotetrasiloxane used in the above synthesis example of the aminoorganopolysiloxane of the general formula (6) is replaced with a carboxylic acid ester group, the ester group-containing organosiloxane of the general formula (3) Polysiloxane is obtained. In this method that does not rely on the hydrosilylation reaction, a free carboxylic acid group can be used instead of a carboxylic acid ester group. In addition, amino ability By substituting the hydroxy group, a hydroxyorganopolysiloxane of the general formula (4) is obtained.
更に、 テトラアルキル (テトラアミノアルキル) シクロテトラシロキサンのァ ミノ基をァミノアルキルアミノアルキル基に代えれば、 一般式 (7) :  Further, when the amino group of tetraalkyl (tetraaminoalkyl) cyclotetrasiloxane is replaced by an aminoamino group, the general formula (7):
R— i— R
Figure imgf000017_0001
R— i— R
Figure imgf000017_0001
(式中、 rは 2〜1 5の整数であり、 そして、 R、 a b及び qは先に定義した 通りである。 )  (Where r is an integer from 2 to 15 and R, ab and q are as defined above.)
で表されるアルキレンアミノアルキレンアミノオルガノポリシロキサンが得られ るから、 これをハロギ酸長鎖アルキル 〔XCOOCH3(CH2)p 〕 でアルキルォ キシカルボニル化すれば、 一般式 (1 h) : An alkyleneaminoalkyleneaminoorganopolysiloxane represented by the following formula is obtained. If this is alkyloxycarbonylated with a long-chain alkyl haloformate [XCOOCH 3 (CH 2 ) p ], the general formula (1h):
7 h  7 h
zi zi
Figure imgf000017_0002
Figure imgf000017_0002
(式中、 R、 a、 b、 p、 q及び rは先に定義した通りである。 )  (Wherein, R, a, b, p, q and r are as defined above.)
のポリシロキサンが得られる。 Is obtained.
この反応により導入できる他の長鎖有機基には、 アルキルカルボニルァミノア ルキルアミノアルキル基〔CH3(CH2)P C ONH (CH2)q NH (CH2)r 一〕 力くある。 Other long-chain organic groups can be introduced by the reaction, alkylcarbonyl § Minoan Le kills aminoalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2) P C ONH (CH 2) q NH (CH 2) r one] is Chikaraku.
上記の反応で使用する一般式 (2) 〜 (7) のオルガノポリシロキサン中のヒ ドロシリル基、 カルボン酸基、 カルボン轍エステル基、 ヒ ドロキシ基、 エポキシ 基、 アミノ基等、 並びにそれらにエステル化、 アミ ド化、 エーテル化等の鎖延長 反応を施す際に生成する中間反応性基などは、 それらオルガノポリシロキサンの 重合度及び長鎖化合物の分子量に依存して、 一部が未反応のまま残存する場合が ある。 Hydrosilyl groups, carboxylic acid groups, carboxyl ester groups, hydroxy groups, epoxy groups, amino groups, etc. in the organopolysiloxanes of the general formulas (2) to (7) used in the above reaction, and esterification thereof Intermediate reactive groups, etc., generated during chain extension reactions such as amidation and etherification remain partially unreacted depending on the degree of polymerization of the organopolysiloxane and the molecular weight of the long-chain compound. May remain is there.
ヒ ドロシリル基が残存すると、 一般式 (1 ) のワックス状オルガノポリシロキ サンの R ' の一部は水素原子となる。 カルボン酸が残存すると R ' の一部はアル キレンカルボン酸基となり、 ヒ ドロキシ基が残存すると R ' の一部はアルキレン ヒ ドロキシ基となり、 そしてァミノ基が残存すると R ' の一部はアルキレンアミ ノ基となる。  When the hydrosilyl group remains, a part of R 'of the waxy organopolysiloxane of the general formula (1) becomes a hydrogen atom. When the carboxylic acid remains, a part of R 'becomes an alkylene carboxylic acid group, when the hydroxy group remains, a part of the R' becomes an alkylene hydroxy group, and when the amino group remains, a part of the R 'becomes an alkylene amide group. No group.
それら残存した反応性基が、 一般式 ( 1 ) のワックス状オルガノポリシロキサ ンの安定性や性能に悪影響を与える場合には、 それら反応性基を適当な化合物で 封鎖又は不活性化してもよい。 封鎖又は不活性化の方法には、 ヒドロシリル基の アルコキシ化、 カルボン酸基のエステル化、 及びヒ ドロキシ基ゃァミノ基のァシ ル化が含まれる。  If the remaining reactive groups adversely affect the stability or performance of the waxy organopolysiloxane of the general formula (1), the reactive groups may be blocked or inactivated with a suitable compound. Good. Methods for capping or inactivating include alkoxylation of hydrosilyl groups, esterification of carboxylic acid groups, and acylation of hydroxy and diamino groups.
ヒ ドロシリル基のアルコキシ化に使用されるアルコールには、 メタノール、 ェ タノ一ル、 プロパノール、 ブ夕ノール、 へキサノール、 及びォクタノールのよう な炭素数 1〜8のアルコールが含まれる。 従って、 生成するアルコキシ基は、 1 〜 8の炭素原子を有する。 残存したカルボン酸基のエステル化に使用されるエス テル化剤には、 上記のヒ ドロシリル基のアルコキシ化に使用できるアルコールの ほか、 ヨウ化メチルのようなハロゲン化アルキルが含まれる。 残存したヒ ドロキ シ基ゃァミノ基のァシル化に使用されるァシル化剤には、 無水酢酸、 無水プロピ オン酸、 及び無水安息香酸のような、 炭素数 2〜7のァシル基をもたらす無水力 ルボン酸、 塩化ァセチル及び塩化ベンゾィルのようなハロゲン化ァシル、 並びに 塩化メ夕ンスルホニル及び塩化トルエンスルホニルのようなハロゲン化スルホ二 ルが含まれる。 これら反応は常法で行うことができる。  Alcohols used for alkoxylation of the hydrosilyl group include alcohols having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, and octanol. Thus, the resulting alkoxy group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms. The esterifying agent used for the esterification of the remaining carboxylic acid group includes, in addition to the alcohol that can be used for the alkoxylation of the above-mentioned hydrosilyl group, an alkyl halide such as methyl iodide. The acylating agent used for the acylation of the remaining hydroxy group and amino group includes an anhydride capable of producing an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, and benzoic anhydride. Included are acyl halides, such as rubonic acid, acetyl chloride and benzoyl chloride, and sulfonyl halides, such as methyl sulfonyl chloride and toluenesulfonyl chloride. These reactions can be performed by a conventional method.
本発明の一般式( 1 )の(b ) に含まれる、 "前記 C 2 1 5アルキレン又は C 21 5 アルキレン— C 0—と、 そのポリシロキサン結合端の他端に存在するへテロ原子 とを含んでなる炭素数 2〜: L 5の基" の "含んでなる" とは、 上記のような、 鎖 延長反応の際に生成する中間反応性基を含む、 ヒ ドロシリル基、 カルボン酸、 力 ルボン酸エステル基、 ヒ ドロキシ基、 エポキシ基及びアミノ基などの反応性基、 並びにそれら反応性基を封鎖又は不活性化した結果生じる基を包含させることを 意図したものである。 そのような基には、 Contained in (b) of the general formula (1) of the present invention, "the C 2 1 5 alkylene or C 2 - 1 5 alkylene - and C 0-, heteroatoms present in the other end of the polysiloxane bond end The term “comprising” in the “C 2 to L 5 group containing” includes a hydrosilyl group and a carboxylic acid, including an intermediate reactive group generated during a chain extension reaction as described above. It is intended to include reactive groups such as carboxylic acid ester groups, hydroxy groups, epoxy groups and amino groups, and groups resulting from blocking or inactivating these reactive groups. Such groups include:
カルボキシルアルキル基 〔HO(C 0)(C H2)q―〕 ; Carboxyl group [HO (C 0) (CH 2 ) q - ];
アルコキシカルボニルアルキル基 〔CH3(CH2)sO(CO)(CH2)q—〕 ; ヒ ドロキシアルキル基 〔HO(CH2)q—〕 ; Alkoxycarbonylalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2) s O (CO) (CH 2) q - ]; hydroxycarboxylic alkyl group [HO (CH 2) q -];
アルキルカルボニルォキシアルキル基 〔CH3(CH2)SC 00(CH2)q—〕 ; アルコキシアルキル基 〔CH3(CH2)sO(CH2)q—〕 ; Alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) S C 00 (CH 2 ) q —]; alkoxyalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) s O (CH 2 ) q —];
エポキシプロピルォキシアルキル基 〔CH2(0)CHCH20(CH2)q—〕 ; アルキルカルボニルォキシ (2—ヒ ドロキシ) プロピルォキシアルキル基 〔CEpoxypropyl O alkoxyalkyl group [CH 2 (0) CHCH 2 0 (CH 2) q - ]; alkylcarbonyl O alkoxy (2-arsenate Dorokishi) propyl O alkoxyalkyl group [C
H3(CH2)sCOOCH2CH(OH)CH2 0(CH2)q -〕 ; H 3 (CH 2) s COOCH 2 CH (OH) CH 2 0 (CH 2) q - ];
アミノアルキル基 〔NH2(CH2)。一〕 ; Aminoalkyl group [NH 2 (CH 2 ). One];
アルキルカルボニルァミノァルキル基〔CH3(CH2)sCONH(CH2)q—〕 ; アルキルァミノカルボニルアミノアルキル基 〔CH3(CH2)sNHCONH(CAlkylcarbonyl § amino § Le Kill group [CH 3 (CH 2) s CONH (CH 2) q - ]; alkyl § iminocarbonyl aminoalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2) s NHCONH (C
H2)q -〕 ; H 2 ) q- ];
アルコキシカルボニルァミノアルキル基 〔C H3(CH2)sO(C 0)NH(CH2)< 一〕 ; An alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) s O (C 0) NH (CH 2 ) <1];
アミノアルキルアミノアルキル基 〔NH2(C H2)qNH(C H2)r―〕 ; アルコキシカルボニルアミノアルキルアミノアルキル基 〔CH3(CH2)sO(CAminoalkyl aminoalkyl group [NH 2 (CH 2) q NH (CH 2) r - ]; alkoxycarbonylamino alkylaminoalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2) s O (C
0)NH(C H2)qNH(C H2)r-) ;及び 0) NH (CH 2 ) q NH (CH 2 ) r- ); and
アルキルカルボニルアミノアルキルアミノアルキル基 〔CH3(CH2)sCON H(C H2)qNH(C H2)r- が含まれる。 式中、 sは、 0〜1 3、 好ましくは 0〜2の整数であり、 そして q 及び rは、 先に定義した通りである。 但し、 これら基の炭素数の合計は 2〜1 5 であ。。 Alkylcarbonylaminoalkylaminoalkyl group [CH 3 (CH 2 ) s CON H (CH 2 ) q NH (CH 2 ) r −; Wherein s is an integer from 0 to 13, preferably from 0 to 2, and q and r are as defined above. However, the total number of carbon atoms of these groups is 2 to 15. .
一般式 ( 1 ) で表されかつ上記の吸熱特性を有するヮックス状オルガノポリシ ロキサンは、 例えば、 一般式 (1) の Rが全てメチル基であり nが平均 20で M wZMn= 1. 68であるヒ ドロメチルポリシロキサンと平均炭素数 8 0で Mw Mn = 1.4 0である長鎖 1, 2 -アルゲンとのヒ ドロシリル化反応により製 造することができる。 ここで、 Mw. Miiとは、 重量平均分子量と数平均分子量 の比を表し、 ゲルパ一ミユエ一シヨンクロマトグラフィー (GPC) によりポリ 換算分子量の測定結果より計算される値である。 In the organopolysiloxane of the formula (1) represented by the general formula (1) and having the above-mentioned endothermic properties, for example, all Rs in the general formula (1) are methyl groups, n is 20 on average, and MwZMn = 1.68. It can be produced by a hydrosilylation reaction between hydromethylpolysiloxane and a long-chain 1,2-argen having an average carbon number of 80 and Mw Mn = 1.40. Here, Mw. Mii refers to the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight, and is determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). It is a value calculated from the measurement result of the reduced molecular weight.
更に、 本発明は、 一般式 ( 1 ) のワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンを含んで なる静電荷像現像用トナー組成物も提供する。  Further, the present invention also provides a toner composition for developing an electrostatic charge image, comprising a waxy organopolysiloxane of the general formula (1).
ワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンは、 静電荷像現像用トナー組成物に内添離 型剤として添加される。 本静電荷像現像用トナー組成物には、 このワックス状ォ ルガノポリシロキサンを使用することが必須であるが、 更に別の内添離型剤を本 発明の効果の得られる範囲内で併用することも可能である。 その場合、 概ね 1 0 0 °C以上又は 3 0〜1 0 0 °Cの融点を有する内添離型剤の一方又は両方を組み合 わせて使用することが好ましい。  The waxy organopolysiloxane is added to the toner composition for developing an electrostatic image as an internal release agent. It is essential to use the waxy organopolysiloxane in the toner composition for developing an electrostatic image, but another internal release agent is used in combination within a range where the effects of the present invention can be obtained. It is also possible. In this case, it is preferable to use one or both of the internal release agents having a melting point of about 100 ° C. or higher or about 30 to 100 ° C. in combination.
併用できる他の内添離型剤としては、 例えば、 低分子量ポリエチレン、 低分子 量ポリプロピレン、 マイクロクリスタリンワックス、 パラフィ ンワックスなどの 脂肪族炭化水素系ヮックス ;酸化ポリェチレンヮックスなどの脂肪族炭化水素系 ヮックスの酸化物及びそれらのプロック共重合物; カルナバヮックス、 サゾ一ル ヮックス、 モン夕ン酸エステルヮックスなどの脂肪酸エステルを主成分とするヮ ックス類;脱酸カルナバヮックスなどの脂肪酸エステル類を一部又は全部を脱酸 ィ匕したもの ;パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、モンタン酸などの飽和直鎖脂肪酸類; プランジン酸、 エレォステアリン酸、 ノ リナリ ン酸などの不飽和脂肪酸類;ステ ァリルアルコール、 ァラキルアルコール、 ベへニルアルコール、 カルナウビルァ ルコール、 セリルアルコール、 メ リシルアルコールなどの飽和アルコール類; ソ ルビトールなどの多価アルコール類; リノール酸アミ ド、 ォレイン酸アミ ド、 ラ ゥリン酸ァミ ドなどの脂肪酸ァミ ド類; メチレンビスステアリン酸ァミ ド、 ェチ レンビスカプリ ン酸ァミ ド、 エチレンビスラウリ ン酸ァミ ド、 へキサメチレンビ スステアリ ン酸アミ ドなどの飽和脂肪酸ビスアミ ド類;エチレンビスォレイン酸 アミ ド、 へキサメチレンビスォレイン酸アミ ド、 N , N ' —ジォレイルアジピン 酸アミ ド、 N, N ' ージォレイルセバシン酸アミ ドなどの不飽和脂肪轍アミ ド類; m—キシレンビスステアリ ン酸アミ ド、 N, N, 一ジステアリルイソフタル酸ァ ミ ドなどの芳香族系ビスアミ ド類; ステアリ ン酸カルシウム、 ラウリン酸カルシ ゥム、 ステアリン酸亜鉛、 ステアリン酸マグネシウムなどの脂肪酸金属塩 (一般 に金属石けんと言われる) :脂肪族炭化水素系ヮックスにスチレンゃァクリル酸 などのビニル系モノマ一を用いてグラフ ト化させたヮックス類;ベへニン酸モノ グリセリ ドなどの脂肪酸と多価アルコールの部分エステル化物;植物性油脂の水 素添加などによって得られるヒ ドロキシル基を有するメチルエステル化合物;特 開平 7— 2 4 4 3 9 8号記載のオルガノポシリロキサン化合物;及び特開平 1 1 - 3 1 6 4 7 2号記載の変性ポリシロキサン等が挙げられる。 Other internal release agents that can be used in combination include, for example, aliphatic hydrocarbon resins such as low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, microcrystalline wax, and paraffin wax; and aliphatic hydrocarbon resins such as polyethylene oxide. Hydrogen-based oxides and their block copolymers; Boxes mainly containing fatty acid esters such as carnaubax, Sazox, and montsuccinate esters; Some fatty acid esters such as deoxidized carnaubax Or those obtained by deoxidizing all; saturated linear fatty acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid and montanic acid; unsaturated fatty acids such as pramic acid, eleostearic acid, and norinalic acid; stearyl alcohol , Aralkyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, carnauville Saturated alcohols such as rucol, seryl alcohol, and mesyl alcohol; polyhydric alcohols such as sorbitol; fatty acid amides such as linoleic acid amide, oleic acid amide, and radium phosphoric acid amide; Saturated fatty acid bisamides such as acid amide, ethylenebiscapric acid amide, ethylene bislauric acid amide, hexamethylene bis stearate amide; ethylene bisoleic acid amide, hexamethylene bis Unsaturated fatty acid amides such as oleic acid amide, N, N'-dioleyl adipic acid amide, N, N 'dioleyl sebacic acid amide; m-xylene bisstearic acid amide Aromatic bisamides such as N, N, N, distearyl isophthalamide, calcium stearate, lauri Acid calcium © beam, zinc stearate, (referred to as metal soaps in general) fatty acid metal salts, such as magnesium stearate: styrene Ya Akuriru acid aliphatic hydrocarbon Wakkusu Peptides graphed using vinyl-based monomers such as glycerol; partially esterified products of fatty acids such as behenic acid monoglyceride and polyhydric alcohols; and hydroxyl groups obtained by adding hydrogen to vegetable oils and fats. And the modified polysiloxane described in JP-A No. 11-316472, and the like.
本発明の静電荷像現像用トナー組成物の内添離型剤以外の成分は、 特に限定さ れず、 通常の結着樹脂、 着色剤、 及び必要に応じて電荷制御剤、 並びにその他の 任意成分を含めることができる。  Components other than the internal release agent of the toner composition for developing an electrostatic image of the present invention are not particularly limited, and are generally a binder resin, a coloring agent, and, if necessary, a charge control agent, and other optional components. Can be included.
結着樹脂の例としては、 ポリエステル樹脂、 アクリル樹脂、 スチレン樹脂、 ァ ク リルースチレン樹脂、 スチレン一酢酸ビニル樹脂、 スチレン一クロロスチレン 樹脂、スチレン—プロピレン共重合体樹脂、スチレンーブタジェン共重合体樹脂、 スチレン一塩化ビニル共重合体樹脂、 塩化ビニル樹脂、 フ ノール樹脂、 ポリウ レタン樹脂、 エポキシ樹脂、 不飽和ポリエステル樹脂等が挙げられる。 これら樹 脂は単独で用いても、 2種類以上を混合して用いても良い。  Examples of the binder resin include polyester resin, acrylic resin, styrene resin, acrylic styrene resin, styrene monovinyl acetate resin, styrene monochlorostyrene resin, styrene-propylene copolymer resin, and styrene butadiene copolymer. Resin, styrene-vinyl chloride copolymer resin, vinyl chloride resin, phenol resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, and the like. These resins may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
着色剤には、 力一ボンブラック、 ニグ口シン、 ァニリンブル一、 フタロシア二 ンブル一、 フタロシアニングリーン、 ハンザイエロ一、 ローダミ ン系染顔料、 ク ロムイェロー、 キナク リ ドン、 ベンジジンイエロ一、 ローズベンガル、 ト リァリ ルメタン系染料、 モノァゾ系、 ジスァゾ系、 統合ァゾ系染顔料など、 公知の任意 の染顔料を単独あるいは混合して用いることができる。 フルカラ一卜ナ一の場合 には、 イエロ一はべンジジンイェロー、 モノアゾ系染顔料、 縮合ァゾ系染顔料、 マゼン夕はキナクリ ドン、 ローダミ ン系染顔料、 モノァゾ系染顔料、 シアンはフ 夕ロシアニンブル一をそれぞれ用いるのが好ましい。  Colorants include Rippon Bon Black, Nig Mouth Shin, Anilin Bleu, Phthalocyanine Bleu, Phthalocyanine Green, Hanseero I, Rhodamine Dyes, Krommeello, Kinacridone, Benzi Jin Iero, Rose Bengal, Triari Any known dyes and pigments such as methane dyes, monoazo dyes, disazo dyes and integrated azo dyes can be used alone or in combination. In the case of full color toner, yellow is benzidine yellow, monoazo dyes, condensed azo dyes, magenta is quinacridone, rhodamine dyes, monoazo dyes, and cyan is yellow. Evening Russian Nimble is preferably used.
トナーの帯電制御は、 結着樹脂、 着色剤自体で行っても良いが、 必要に応じて 帯電制御剤を併用しても良い。 正帯電性制御剤として、 4級アンモニゥム塩、 塩 基性 ·電子供与性の有機物質を用いることができ、 負帯電性制御剤として、 金属 キレー ト類、 合金染料、 酸性もしくは電子求引性の有機物質等を用いることがで きる。 カラートナーの場合、 カラ一トナー適応性 (帯電制御剤自体が無色ないし は淡色でトナーへの色調障害がないこと) を勘案すると、 正荷電性としては、 4 級アンモニゥム塩化合物が望ましく、 負帯電性としては、 サリチル酸もしくはァ ルキルサリチル酸のクロム、 亜鉛、 アルミニウムなどとの塩ゃ錯体、 ベンジル酸 の金属塩ゃ錯体、 アミ ド化合物、 フ ノール化合物、 ナフトール化合物等が望ま しい。 この他、 金属酸化物等の無機粒子や前記有機物質で表面処理した無機物質 を用いても良い。 The charge control of the toner may be performed by the binder resin or the colorant itself, but may be performed in combination with a charge control agent if necessary. Quaternary ammonium salts, basic and electron-donating organic substances can be used as positive charge control agents, and metal chelates, alloy dyes, acid or electron withdrawing agents can be used as negative charge control agents. Organic substances and the like can be used. In the case of color toner, considering the color toner adaptability (the charge control agent itself is colorless or light color and there is no color hindrance to the toner), the quaternary ammonium salt compound is desirable as the positive charge, and the negative charge Sex is salicylic acid or a Salts / complexes of rukylsalicylic acid with chromium, zinc, aluminum, etc., metal salts / complexes of benzylic acid, amide compounds, phenol compounds, naphthol compounds and the like are desirable. In addition, inorganic particles such as metal oxides and inorganic substances surface-treated with the organic substances may be used.
上記以外の任意成分には、 微粉末のシリカ、 アルミナ、 チタニア等の流動性向 上剤、 マグネタイ ト、 フヱライ ト、 酸化セリゥム、 チタン酸ストロンチウム、 導 電性チタニア等の無機微粉末や、 スチレン樹脂、 アクリル樹脂等の抵抗調節剤や 滑剤などの内添剤又は外添剤が含まれる。  Optional components other than the above include fine powders such as silica, alumina, titania and other fluidity improvers, magnetite, graphite, cerium oxide, strontium titanate, and inorganic fine powders such as conductive titania, styrene resin, An internal additive or an external additive such as a resistance controlling agent such as an acrylic resin or a lubricant is included.
これら諸成分のうち、 内添離型剤は、 1 0 0重量部の結着樹脂に対して 0 . 1 〜3 5重量部添加することが好ましく、 0 . 5〜2 0重量部であるのが特に好ま しい。 そして、 本発明のワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンは、 全内添離型剤の 1 0 0〜 3重量%であることが本発明の効果を得るために好ましく、 1 0 0〜5 重量%がより好ましく、 1 0 0〜 1 0重量%が特に好ましい。 内添離型剤の含有 量が少なすぎる場合は、 離型性、 耐オフセッ ト性、 及び低温定着性が不十分にな り、 多すぎる場合は、 トナーの耐ブロッキング性が低下し、 高温定着性も低下す る。 また、 本発明のワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンは、 2 種類以上を併用す ることが可能である。  Of these components, the internal release agent is preferably added in an amount of 0.1 to 35 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. Is particularly preferred. The waxy organopolysiloxane of the present invention is preferably used in an amount of 100 to 3% by weight of the total internal release agent for obtaining the effects of the present invention, and more preferably 100 to 5% by weight. , 100 to 10% by weight is particularly preferred. If the content of the internal release agent is too small, the releasability, offset resistance, and low-temperature fixability become insufficient.If the content is too large, the blocking resistance of the toner decreases, and the toner is fixed at a high temperature. The performance also decreases. The waxy organopolysiloxane of the present invention may be used in combination of two or more.
着色剤は、 通常、 1 0 0重量部の結着樹脂に対し、 1重量部以上、 好ましくは 3重量部以上の量で用いられる。 より好ましくは 1〜3 0重量部、 なおより好ま しくは 3〜3 0重量部の量で用いられ、 特に好ましくは 1〜2 0重量部、 最も好 ましくは 3〜2 0重量部の量で用いられる。  The colorant is generally used in an amount of 1 part by weight or more, preferably 3 parts by weight or more, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. It is more preferably used in an amount of 1 to 30 parts by weight, even more preferably in an amount of 3 to 30 parts by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by weight and most preferably in an amount of 3 to 20 parts by weight. Used in
一方、 帯電制御剤の添加量は、 製造されるトナーの化学的, '物理的特性やトナ —の製造法に加えて、 トナー組成物の各成分の諸特性やそれらの製造法、 例えば 結着樹脂の帯電性、 着色剤の添加量/分散方法を含めた製造方法、 その他の添加 剤の帯電性などを考慮した上で決めることができるが、 通常、 1 0 0重量部の結 着樹脂に対して、 0 . 0 1重量部以上、好ましくは 0 . 1部以上の量で用いられる。 より好ましくは 0 . 0 1〜 1 5重量部、 なおより好ましくは 0 . 0 1〜 1 0重量部 の量で用いられ、 特に好ましくは 0 . 1〜 1 5重量部、 最も好ましくは 0 . 1〜 1 0重量部の量で用いることが適当である。 任意の添加剤の使用量は、 望まれる性能により適宜選定すればよく、 通常、 1 0 0重量部の結着樹脂に対し、 0 . 0 5〜 1 0重量%程度が好適である。 On the other hand, the amount of the charge control agent added depends on the chemical and physical properties of the toner to be produced and the method of producing the toner, as well as the properties of each component of the toner composition and the method of producing them. It can be determined in consideration of the chargeability of the resin, the production method including the colorant addition amount / dispersion method, and the chargeability of other additives, but it is usually 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. On the other hand, it is used in an amount of at least 0.1 part by weight, preferably at least 0.1 part by weight. It is more preferably used in an amount of from 0.1 to 15 parts by weight, even more preferably in an amount of from 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, particularly preferably from 0.1 to 15 parts by weight, most preferably from 0.1 to 15 parts by weight. Suitably it is used in an amount of up to 10 parts by weight. The amount of the optional additive used may be appropriately selected depending on the desired performance. Usually, the amount is preferably about 0.05 to 10% by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
内添離型剤を静電荷像現像用トナー中へ添加する方法は、 トナーの製造法によ つて異なってくるが、 粉砕法の場合は結着樹脂中に予め溶解又は分散しておいて もよいし、 また、 着色剤等を混練する際に同時に添加してもよい。 内添離型剤を 予め添加する方法としては、 結着樹脂と内添離型剤を有機溶媒中に溶解又は懸濁 しだ後、 減圧蒸留等により溶媒を除去する方法がある。  The method of adding the internal release agent to the toner for developing an electrostatic image differs depending on the toner production method.In the case of the pulverization method, it may be dissolved or dispersed in the binder resin in advance. It may be added at the same time as the colorant or the like is kneaded. As a method of adding the internal release agent in advance, there is a method in which the binder resin and the internal release agent are dissolved or suspended in an organic solvent, and then the solvent is removed by vacuum distillation or the like.
内添離型剤を予め添加する別法として、 結着樹脂の重合過程でモノマ一中に内 添離型剤を添加して重合する方法もある。 この場合、 重合混合物中に本発明の静 電荷像現像用トナ-組成物の成分を存在させておけば、 重合により本発明の静電 荷像現像用トナー組成物が生成する。 この方法では、 少なくともワックス状オル ガノポリシロキサンと結着樹脂モノマ一とを含んでなる混合物を調製し、 その混 合物中のモノマ一を重合反応に付し、 そして得られた重合物を回収することによ り、 静電荷像現像用トナー組成物が製造される。  As another method of adding the internal release agent in advance, there is a method in which the internal release agent is added to the monomer during the polymerization process of the binder resin to carry out polymerization. In this case, if the components of the toner composition for developing an electrostatic image of the present invention are present in the polymerization mixture, the toner composition for developing an electrostatic image of the present invention is produced by polymerization. In this method, a mixture containing at least a waxy organopolysiloxane and a binder resin monomer is prepared, the monomers in the mixture are subjected to a polymerization reaction, and the obtained polymer is recovered. By doing so, a toner composition for developing an electrostatic image is manufactured.
結着樹脂モノマーとしては、 アクリル酸、 メタクリル酸、 マレイン酸、 フマル 酸及びゲイ皮酸のようなカルボキシル基を有するモノマ一 ; ビニルスルホン酸の ようなスルホン酸基等を有するモノマ一 ; ブレンステツ ド酸;アミノスチレン及 びジメチルァミノエチルァクリレ一卜のようなァミノ基を有するモノマ一 ; ビニ ルビリジンのような窒素含有複素環含有モノマー ; 及び、 ブレンステッ ド塩基性 基を有するモノマーなどのラジカル重合反応で結着樹脂を生成する一官能性モノ マ一が含まれる。 これらと組み合わせて使用できる一官能性モノマーとしては、 スチレン、 メチルスチレン及びクロロスチレンのようなスチレン類 ; ァク リノレ酸 プチル、 2 —ェチルへキシルァク リ レー ト、 メタク リル酸メチル及びメ夕ク リル 酸ブチルのような (メタ) アクリル酸エステル類;及びアクリル酸ジメチルアミ ドのようなアクリルアミ ド等を挙げることができる。  Examples of the binder resin monomer include monomers having a carboxyl group such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and gay cinnamate; monomers having a sulfonic acid group such as vinylsulfonic acid; and Brenstead acid. A monomer having an amino group such as aminostyrene and dimethylaminoethyl acrylate; a monomer having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring such as vinyl pyridine; and a radical polymerization of a monomer having a Blensted basic group. Includes monofunctional monomers that form a binder resin upon reaction. Monofunctional monomers which can be used in combination with these include styrenes such as styrene, methylstyrene and chlorostyrene; butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate. (Meth) acrylates such as butyl acrylate; and acrylamides such as dimethylamide acrylate.
これらモノマ一と共に、 多官能性モノマ一を用いることにより樹脂を架橋して もよい。 架橋度は、 テトラヒ ドロフラン不溶分が 0 . 5〜 8 0 %となるように制 御されるのが好ましい。 テトラヒドロフラン不溶分は、 更に 1〜 8 0 %が好まし く、 特に 1 . 5〜 8 0 .οόが好ましい。 テトラヒドロフラン不溶分は、 ポリマーの 架橋度を表す指標であり、 その値が大きいほど架橋度が高いことを意味する。 架 橋度が低すぎるとオフセッ 卜が起こり易くなる。 架橋度が高すぎるとトナーの透 明性が低下するので、 オーバ一へッ ドプロジヱクタ用シートに印刷して投影した 場合、 印刷部分の発色が悪くなる傾向がある。 本明細書における多官能性モノマ —は、 分子内に重合性のエチレン性二重結合を少なくとも 2個有するモノマーを 意味する。 例えば、 ジビニルベンゼン、 へキサンジオールジァクリレート、 ェチ レングリコールジァクリレ一ト等を挙げることができる。 The resin may be crosslinked by using a polyfunctional monomer together with these monomers. The degree of crosslinking is preferably controlled so that the tetrahydrofuran insoluble content is 0.5 to 80%. Tetrahydrofuran-insoluble matter is further 1-8 0% is rather preferred, especially 1. 5~ 8 0. Ο ό are preferred. Tetrahydrofuran insolubles are It is an index indicating the degree of crosslinking, and the larger the value, the higher the degree of crosslinking. If the degree of bridging is too low, the offset is likely to occur. If the degree of cross-linking is too high, the transparency of the toner deteriorates. Therefore, when printing and projecting on a sheet for an over-head projector, the color development of the printed portion tends to be poor. As used herein, a polyfunctional monomer means a monomer having at least two polymerizable ethylenic double bonds in the molecule. For example, divinylbenzene, hexanediol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate and the like can be mentioned.
重合は、 塊状重合、 沈殿重合、 懸濁重合法、 又は乳化重合もしくは乳化重合凝 集法などのあらゆる方法で行うことができる。 しかし、 重合物が粉体で得られる 懸濁重合法及び乳化重合法が好ましい。  The polymerization can be carried out by any method such as bulk polymerization, precipitation polymerization, suspension polymerization, or emulsion polymerization or emulsion polymerization aggregation. However, a suspension polymerization method and an emulsion polymerization method in which the polymer is obtained in powder form are preferred.
懸濁重合法により最終トナー組成物を得る場合には、 モノマ一中に着色剤、 帯 電制御剤、 重合開始剤、 その他の添加剤を加えるのと同時に内添離型剤を加え、 ホモジナイザー等で均一に溶解又は分散させた混合物を、 分散安定剤を含有する 水系媒体中にホモミキサ一等で分散し、 加温して重合を行う方法がとられる。 乳化重合凝集法により最終トナ一組成物を得る場合には、 乳化重合により重合 体一次粒子を製造し、 その重合体一次粒子に、 着色剤、 及び必要に応じて帯電制 御剤や流動化剤などのその他の添加剤を加えて、 共凝集し、 粒子凝集体としても よい。 本発明で用いられる内添離型剤は、 公知のカチオン界面活性剤、 ァニオン 界面活性剤、 ノニオン界面活性剤の中から選ばれる少なくとも一つの乳化剤で内 添離型剤分散液に乳化させてから、 重合系に加えられても、 重合後の重合体一次 粒子と着色剤等との凝集時に加えられてもよい。 更には、 重合体一次粒子とは別 に樹脂微粒子分散液を製造し、 それを重合体一次粒子と着色剤や帯電制御剤との 共凝集に際して添加することにより、 得られるトナーの帯電性や凝集安定性を調 節することもできる。 得られる重合体の重合度の調節は、 ブロモトリクロロメ夕 ン及び 2 —メルカブトエタノールのような連鎖移動剤を重合系に添加することに より行うことができる。  When the final toner composition is obtained by the suspension polymerization method, a colorant, a charge control agent, a polymerization initiator, and other additives are added to the monomer at the same time as an internal release agent, and a homogenizer or the like is added. The mixture obtained by uniformly dissolving or dispersing the above in a dispersion medium is dispersed in an aqueous medium containing a dispersion stabilizer using a homomixer or the like, and the mixture is heated and polymerized. When the final toner composition is obtained by the emulsion polymerization coagulation method, polymer primary particles are produced by emulsion polymerization, and a colorant, and, if necessary, a charge controlling agent and a fluidizing agent are added to the polymer primary particles. And other additives such as coagulation to form a particle aggregate. The internal release agent used in the present invention is prepared by emulsifying the internal release agent dispersion with at least one emulsifier selected from among known cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. May be added to the polymerization system or may be added when the polymer primary particles after polymerization and the colorant or the like are aggregated. Further, by preparing a resin fine particle dispersion separately from the polymer primary particles and adding the dispersion at the time of co-aggregation of the polymer primary particles with the colorant and the charge control agent, the chargeability and the aggregation of the obtained toner can be improved. Stability can also be adjusted. The degree of polymerization of the resulting polymer can be controlled by adding a chain transfer agent such as bromotrichloromethane and 2-merbutoethanol to the polymerization system.
本発明の静電荷像現像用トナーは、 乾式 1成分現像剤及び 2成分現像剤のいず れにも使用でき、 1成分現像剤に使用される磁性体としては、 フニライ ト、 マグ ネタイ ト等をはじめとする鉄、 コバルト、 ニッケル等の強磁性を示す合金或いは 化合物;又は強磁性元素を含まないが適当に熱処理することによって強磁性を示 すようになる合金、 例えば、 マンガン一銅—アルミニウムあるいはマンガン—銅 ースズ等のマンガンと銅とを含むホイスラー合金と呼ばれる種類の合金、 又は二 酸化クロム等を挙げることができる。 磁性体は、 平均粒径 0. 3〜3 0 / mの微 粉末の形で結着樹脂中に均一に分散される。 磁性体粒子の含有量は、 1 0 0重量 部の結着樹脂に対して 2 0〜7 0重量部、 特に 4 0〜7 0重量部が望ましい。 本発明でトナーを 2成分系現像剤として用いる場合、キャリアとしては、鉄粉、 マグネタイ ト粉、 フ ライト粉等の磁性物質又はそれらの表面に樹脂コ一ティ ン グを施したものや磁性キャリァ等公知のものを用いることができる。 樹脂コ一テ ィ ングキャリアの被覆樹脂としては一般的に知られているスチレン系樹脂、 ァク リル系樹脂、 スチレンァクリル共重合系樹脂、 シリコ一ン系樹脂、 変性シリコ一 ン系樹脂、 フッ素系樹脂、 又はこれら樹脂の混合物等が利用できる。 The toner for developing an electrostatic image of the present invention can be used for both dry one-component developer and two-component developer. The magnetic material used in the one-component developer includes, for example, phenylite, magnetite, and the like. Or other ferromagnetic alloys such as iron, cobalt, nickel, etc. Compounds or alloys that do not contain ferromagnetic elements but become ferromagnetic when appropriately heat-treated, such as Heusler alloys containing manganese and copper, such as manganese-copper-aluminum or manganese-copper-tin Alloys or chromium dioxide. The magnetic material is uniformly dispersed in the binder resin in the form of a fine powder having an average particle size of 0.3 to 30 / m. The content of the magnetic particles is preferably from 20 to 70 parts by weight, more preferably from 40 to 70 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. In the case where the toner is used as a two-component developer in the present invention, the carrier may be a magnetic substance such as iron powder, magnetite powder, or fly powder, or a substance obtained by applying a resin coating on the surface thereof or a magnetic carrier. Known ones can be used. As coating resins for resin coating carriers, generally known styrene resins, acrylic resins, styrene acryl copolymer resins, silicone resins, modified silicone resins, Fluorinated resins or mixtures of these resins can be used.
本発明の内添離型剤を配合した静電荷像現像用トナーは、 加熱口—ラー定着法 で高速で定着する際に、 オフセッ ト現象やシートの巻き付き現象が発生せず、 か つ低温から高温まで定着性が良好であり、 更に、 光沢性、 透明性、 及び流動性に 優れたものである。  The toner for developing an electrostatic image to which the internal release agent of the present invention is blended does not cause an offset phenomenon or a sheet wrapping phenomenon at the time of high-speed fixing by a heating roller fixing method. It has good fixability up to high temperatures, and is also excellent in gloss, transparency, and fluidity.
以下、 実施例により本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、 本発明はこれらに限定さ れるものではない。  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
実 施 例  Example
以下の実施例において、 結着樹脂と内添離型剤の分子量、 並びに内添離型剤の 吸熱最大ピーク温度、 吸熱ピーク面積比、 耐オフセッ ト性、 及び耐ブロッキング 性は、 それぞれ次のように測定した。  In the following examples, the molecular weights of the binder resin and the internal release agent, and the endothermic maximum peak temperature, endothermic peak area ratio, offset resistance, and blocking resistance of the internal release agent are as follows, respectively. Was measured.
•分子量:数平均分子量 (Mn) 及び重量平均分子量 (Mw) の双方をゲルパー ミユエ一シヨンクロマトグラフィー ( G P C ) により測定した。  Molecular weight: Both number average molecular weight (Mn) and weight average molecular weight (Mw) were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
装 置: GP C測定システム (日本分光株式会社製)  Equipment: GPC measurement system (manufactured by JASCO Corporation)
カラム :昭和電工株式会社製 S h o d e x_ 8 0 3 L  Column: Showa Denko Co., Ltd. Shodex_8033L
検出器:屈折率 (R I ) 検出器 RL 5 4 0 R (G Lサイエンス株式会社製) 検量線:昭和電工株式会社製の 1 0種類の標準ポリスチレン (分子量 1. 2 X  Detector: Refractive index (R I) Detector RL540R (GL Science Co., Ltd.) Calibration curve: 10 types of standard polystyrene (Molecular weight 1.2 X manufactured by Showa Denko KK)
1 03 〜2. 7 5 X 1 06 ) を用いて作成 測 定:温度 4 0°Cにおいて、 クロ口ホルムを 1. 0 m 1 ,/分で流し、 これに 試料 (濃度 3 w t %) を 1 0 0 1注入した。 Created using 10 3 to 2.75 X 10 6 ) Measurement: At a temperature of 40 ° C, a black hole form was flowed at 1.0 m 1 / min, and a sample (concentration: 3 wt%) was injected into the sample in 1001.
•吸熱最大ピーク温度:試料 5 mgを D S C (セイコー電子工業株式会社製; D S C - 6 2 0 0 ) 1 0。 分の一定の昇温速度で加熱することによる第 2昇温 工程で測定した。  • Endothermic maximum peak temperature: 5 mg of the sample was taken as DSC (manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc .; DSC-6200) 10. The temperature was measured in the second heating step by heating at a constant heating rate for one minute.
•吸熱ピーク面積比:吸熱最大ピーク温度の測定で得られた DS Cチヤ一トのべ —スラインと吸熱ピークで囲まれた部分について、 全体の面積に対する 2 5°C 以下、 3 5°C以下、 及び 5 0°C以下の部分の面積比を算出した。  • Endothermic peak area ratio: The part surrounded by the DSC line and endothermic peak obtained by measuring the maximum endothermic peak temperature is 25 ° C or less and 35 ° C or less with respect to the entire area. , And the area ratio of the portion at 50 ° C or lower was calculated.
•耐オフセッ ト性:有機光導電体を感光体とした電子写真方式の複写機を用いて 未定着画像を作成した。 トナーの付着量は 0. 7 mg./cm2 とした。 この未 定着画像を紙に転写して、 表面がフッ素樹脂からなる直径 5 8 mmの加熱口一 ラ一定着機を用い、 二ップ幅 4 mm、 定着速度 1 0 0 mm,."s e cで定着させ た。 なお、 定着に際し、 ローラ一にシリコンオイル等のオフセッ ト防止液は供 給しなかった。 定着ローラ一表面の温度を 5 °Cきざみで変え、 非オフセッ ト域 を目視により評価した。 • Offset resistance: Unfixed images were created using an electrophotographic copying machine using an organic photoconductor as a photoconductor. The amount of toner attached was 0.7 mg./cm 2 . The unfixed image was transferred to paper, and the surface was made of fluororesin. Using a 58 mm-diameter heating port fixed machine, the nip width was 4 mm, and the fixing speed was 100 mm. In fixing, no offset prevention liquid such as silicone oil was supplied to the roller.The temperature of the surface of the fixing roller was changed in increments of 5 ° C, and the non-offset area was visually evaluated. .
*耐ブロッキング性: トナーに一定荷重を加え、 5 0°Cの環境下に 2 4時間放置 した後、 凝集の有無を確認し、 ブロッキング性の良否を判定した。  * Blocking resistance: After applying a constant load to the toner and leaving it for 24 hours in an environment of 50 ° C, the presence or absence of aggregation was checked, and the quality of the blocking property was judged.
〇 凝集なし  な し No aggregation
△ 塊があるが指で押すとすぐにくずれ粉状になる  △ There is a lump, but it quickly breaks down when pressed with a finger
X 凝集あり  X with aggregation
ヮックス状オルガノポリシロキサンの調製 実施例 1 Example 1 Preparation of a Pex Organopolysiloxane Example 1
1 5 5 gのへキサメチルジシロキサン、 8 4 5 gのテトラメチルシクロテトラ シロキサン、及び 3 0 m 1の硫酸をフラスコに仕込み、 2 5 °Cで 8時間攪拌した。 これを中和後、 濾過して、 下記の構造を有するヒドロメチルポリシロキサン 1を 得た。 この化合物の分子量を測定したところ、 Mw= 1 6 9 7、 Mw..'Mn= 1. 7 1であった。 C H 3 C H 3 C H 3 The flask was charged with 155 g of hexamethyldisiloxane, 845 g of tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, and 30 ml of sulfuric acid, and stirred at 25 ° C. for 8 hours. After neutralization, the mixture was filtered to obtain hydromethylpolysiloxane 1 having the following structure. When the molecular weight of this compound was measured, it was Mw = 1 669, Mw .. 'Mn = 1.71. CH 3 CH 3 CH 3
I I I I I I
CH3— S i 0-(S i O)10— S i - C H3 CH 3 — S i 0- (S i O) 10 — S i-CH 3
I I I  I I I
レ H 3 H C H 3  H 3 H C H 3
ヒ ドロメチルポリシロキサン 1  Hydromethylpolysiloxane 1
次に、 4つ口フラスコに、 1 5 gのヒ ドロメチルポリシロキサン 1、 8 5 の ダイアレン 3 0 (三菱化学株式会社; Mw = 7 2 9、 Mw/Mn= 1. 4 0、 平 均炭素数 3 0の長鎖 1—アルゲン) 、 1 0 O gのキシレン、 及び塩化白金酸を添 加して、 窒素気流下で 1 0 0°Cで 6時間攪拌した。 ヒ ドロシリル基が 8 O .Q0以上 消費された段階で、 2 O gのダイアレン 8 (三菱化学株式会社; 1ーォクテン) を添加して反応を完結させた。 反応後、 減圧下でキシレンを除去して、 下記の構 造を有するワックス状オルガノポリシロキサン (化合物 A) を得た。 Next, in a four-necked flask, 15 g of hydromethylpolysiloxane 1 and 85 of dialene 30 (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation; Mw = 729, Mw / Mn = 1.40, average carbon Long-chain 1-argen of Formula 30), 10 Og of xylene, and chloroplatinic acid were added, and the mixture was stirred at 100 ° C for 6 hours under a nitrogen stream. At the stage when the hydrosilyl group was consumed by 8 O .Q 0 or more, 2 O g of dialen 8 (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation; 1-octene) was added to complete the reaction. After the reaction, xylene was removed under reduced pressure to obtain a waxy organopolysiloxane (compound A) having the following structure.
^ H 3 ^ H 3 C H 3 C H 3  ^ H 3 ^ H 3 C H 3 C H 3
1 1 1 I  1 1 1 I
C H3- S i 0— (S i 0)n-(S i O)10n— S i - CH3 CH 3 - S i 0- (S i 0) n- (S i O) 10 one n - S i - CH 3
C H (C H2) C H CH (CH 2 ) CH
(C H2) 2 3 -(CH 2 ) 2 3-
CHCH
C H 8≤ n < 1 0 C H 8≤ n <1 0
化合物 A 化合物 Aの D S Cチャートを図 1に示す。 このポリマ一の吸熱ピーク面積比は 2 5 °C以下のものが 0 %、 3 5 °C以下のものが 0. 8 5.%、 そして 5 0 °C以下の もの力 7. 3 2 %であった。 また、 吸熱最大ピーク温度は、 Ί 0°Cであった。 実施例 2  Compound A A DSC chart of Compound A is shown in FIG. The endothermic peak area ratio of this polymer is 0% at 25 ° C or less, 0.85% at 35 ° C or less, and 7.32% at 50 ° C or less. there were. The endothermic maximum peak temperature was Ί0 ° C. Example 2
4つ口フラスコに、 1 5 gの実施例 1で得たヒ ドロメチルポリシロキサン 1、 2 0 gのゥンデシレン酸メチル、 1 0 0 gのトルエン、 及び塩化白金酸を添加し て、 窒素気流下で 1 0 0 °Cで 6時間攪拌し、 下記の構造を有するカルボン酸メチ ル基含有メチルポリシロキサン 1を得た。 C H 3 C H 3 To a four-necked flask were added 15 g of the hydromethylpolysiloxane obtained in Example 1, 20 g of methyl perdecylenate, 100 g of toluene, and chloroplatinic acid, and the mixture was placed under a nitrogen stream. Then, the mixture was stirred at 100 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain methyl carboxylate-containing methylpolysiloxane 1 having the following structure. CH 3 CH 3
I I I I
CH3- S i 0 -( S i - C H3 CH 3 -S i 0-(S i-CH 3
C H 3 ( し H 3 C H 3 (H 3
Figure imgf000028_0001
Figure imgf000028_0001
カルボン酸メチル基含有メチルポリシロキサン 1  Methyl carboxylate-containing methylpolysiloxane 1
次いで、 この溶液に長鎖アルコールの混合物である 7 5 gの Peformacol 550 Then add 75 g of Peformacol 550, a mixture of long-chain alcohols, to this solution.
(日光ケミカル株式会社) を加えてチタン触媒の存在化で 8 0°Cで 6時間エステ ル交換させた。 反応後、 減圧下でトルエンを除去して、 下記の構造を有するヮッ クス状オルガノポリシロキサン (化合物 B) を得た。 (Nikko Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added and ester exchange was performed at 80 ° C for 6 hours in the presence of a titanium catalyst. After the reaction, toluene was removed under reduced pressure to obtain a box-shaped organopolysiloxane (compound B) having the following structure.
CH3 C H3 C H3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3
I I I I I I
CH3- S i 0-(S i O) i o - S i - C H3 CH 3 -S i 0- (S i O) io-S i-CH 3
C H 3 ( H 2 ) 10 C H 3  C H 3 (H 2) 10 C H 3
I I
CO-0(CH2) 29-39 C H 3 CO-0 (CH 2 ) 29-39 CH 3
化合物 B  Compound B
化合物 Bの D S Cチヤ一トを図 2に示す。このポリマ一の吸熱ピーク面積比は、 2 5 °C以下のものが 0. 0 5 %、 3 5 °C以下のものが 0. 8 1 %、 そして 5 0 以 下のものが 4. 8 3 %であった。 また、 吸熱最大ピーク温度は 8 7°Cであった。 実施例 3  FIG. 2 shows a DSC chart of Compound B. The endothermic peak area ratio of this polymer is 0.05% for those below 25 ° C, 0.81% for those below 35 ° C, and 4.83 for those below 50 ° C. %Met. The maximum endothermic peak temperature was 87 ° C. Example 3
2 0 gのゥンデシレン酸メチル及び 7 5 gの 1一べへニルアルコールをチタン 触媒の存在化で 8 0 °Cで 6時間エステル交換して、 1一べへニルアルコールのゥ ンデシレン酸エステルを得た。 これに、 1 5 gの実施例 1で得たヒ ドロメチルポ リシロキサン 1、 1 0 0 gのキシレン、 及び塩化白金酸を添加して、 窒素気流下 で 8 0°Cで 6時間攪拌した。 反応後、 減圧下でキシレンを除去して、 下記の構造 を有するワックス状オルガノポリシロキサン (化合物 C) を得た。 C H 3 C H 3 C H 3 Transesterification of 20 g of methyl perdecylenate and 75 g of 1-henyl alcohol was carried out at 80 ° C. for 6 hours in the presence of a titanium catalyst to obtain 1-henyl alcohol didecylenate. Was. To this were added 15 g of the hydromethylpolysiloxane obtained in Example 1, 100 g of xylene, and chloroplatinic acid, and the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 6 hours under a nitrogen stream. After the reaction, xylene was removed under reduced pressure to obtain a waxy organopolysiloxane (compound C) having the following structure. CH 3 CH 3 CH 3
I I I I I I
CH3— S i〇_(S i O)10— S i -CH3 CH 3 — S i〇_ (S i O) 10 — S i -CH 3
I . I I  I. I I
H 3 C C H 2 ) 1 0 C xi 3  H 3 C C H 2) 1 0 C xi 3
I  I
C 0 - 0(CH2)21CH3 C 0-0 (CH 2 ) 21 CH 3
化合物 C  Compound C
化合物 Cの DS Cチャートを図 3に示す。このポリマ一の吸熱ピーク面積比は、 2 5 °C以下のものが 0. 3 8 0 3 5 °C以下のものが 3. 5 5 %、 そして 5 0 °〇以 下のものが 3 3. 0 であった。 また、 吸熱最大ピーク温度は 6 2°Cであった。 実施例 4 Figure 3 shows the DSC chart of Compound C. The endothermic peak area ratio of this polymer is less than 25 ° C, less than 0.380 35 ° C, 3.55%, and less than 50 ° 〇, 33. It was 0. The maximum endothermic peak temperature was 62 ° C. Example 4
3 2 gのへキサメチルジシロキサン、 5 3 4 gのテトラメチルシクロテトラシ ロキサン、 4 3 4 gのォクタメチルシクロテトラシロキサン、 及び 3 0 m lの硫 酸を 2 リ ッ トルのフラスコに仕込み、 2 5°Cで 8時間攪拌した。 これを中和後、 濾過して、 下記の構造を有するヒ ドロメチルポリシロキサン 2を得た。 この化合 物の分子量を測定したところ、 Mw= l 7 6 0 0 Mw, 'Mn = 2. 7 5であつ た。 このヒ ドロメチルポリシロキサン 2の GPCチヤ一トを図 4に示す。  Charge 32 g of hexamethyldisiloxane, 534 g of tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, 434 g of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, and 30 ml of sulfuric acid into a 2 liter flask. The mixture was stirred at 25 ° C for 8 hours. After neutralization, the mixture was filtered to obtain hydromethylpolysiloxane 2 having the following structure. When the molecular weight of this compound was measured, it was Mw = l760 Mw, 'Mn = 2.75. Fig. 4 shows a GPC chart of this hydromethylpolysiloxane 2.
C H 3 H 3 ^ H 3 C H 3  C H 3 H 3 ^ H 3 C H 3
I I I I I I I I
CH3— S i 0— (S i 0) 3 7-(S i 0)37_S i一 CH3 CH 3 — S i 0— (S i 0) 3 7- (S i 0) 37 _S i-one CH 3
I I I I I I I I
C H 3 H 3 H C H 3 C H 3 H 3 H C H 3
ヒ ドロメチルポリシロキサン 2  Hydromethylpolysiloxane 2
次に、 4つ口フラスコに、 2 1 gのヒ ドロメチルポリ シロキサン 2 7 9 gの ダイアレン 3 0 1 0 0 gのキシレン、 及び塩化白金酸を添加して、 窒素気流下 で 1 00°Cで 6時間攪拌した。 ヒ ドロシリノレ基力 8 0 %以上消費された段階で、 2 0 gのダイアレン 8を添加して反応を完結させた。 反応後、 減圧下でキシレン を除去して、下記の構造を有するヮックス状オルガノポリシロキサン(化合物 D) を得た。 Next, 21 g of hydromethylpolysiloxane, 279 g of dialene, 310,000 g of xylene, and chloroplatinic acid were added to a four-necked flask, and heated at 100 ° C under a nitrogen stream. Stirred for hours. At a stage where the hydrosilinole base power was consumed by 80% or more, 20 g of dialene 8 was added to complete the reaction. After the reaction, xylene was removed under reduced pressure to obtain a hexagonal organopolysiloxane (compound D) having the following structure.
Dagger
 Combination
 object
I E  I E
Figure imgf000030_0001
Figure imgf000030_0001
この化合物 Eの吸熱ピーク面積比は、 2 5°C以下のものが 0. 3 0 %、 3 5°C 以下のもの力く 6. 1 8 %、そして 5 0 °C以下のものが 1 7. 1 0 %であつた。また、 吸熱最大ピーク温度は 6 9°Cであった。 実施例 6 The endothermic peak area ratio of Compound E is 0.30% at 25 ° C or lower, 6.18% at 35 ° C or lower, and 17% at 50 ° C or lower. It was 10%. The maximum endothermic peak temperature was 69 ° C. Example 6
4つ口フラスコに、 2 2 gのヒ ドロメチルポリシロキサン 2、 2 0 シレン酸メチル、 1 0 0 gのトルエン、 及び塩化白金酸を添加して、 窒素気流下 で 1 0 0°Cで 6時間攪拌し、 下記の構造を有するカルボン酸メチル基含有メチル ポリシロキサン 2を得た。 In a four-necked flask, 22 g of hydromethylpolysiloxane 2, 20 Methyl silenate, 100 g of toluene, and chloroplatinic acid were added, and the mixture was stirred at 100 ° C. for 6 hours under a nitrogen stream to obtain a methyl carboxylate group-containing methyl polysiloxane 2 having the following structure. Obtained.
C H 3 C H 3 C' n 3 H 3  C H 3 C H 3 C 'n 3 H 3
I I I I I I I I
C H3— S i 0— (S i 0)37 (S i 0)37— S i -CH3 CH 3 — S i 0— (S i 0) 37 (S i 0) 37 — S i -CH 3
I I I I  I I I I
H 3 C H 3 ( C Γ1 2 ) 1 0 H 3  H 3 C H 3 (C Γ 1 2) 1 0 H 3
I  I
C 00 C H3 C 00 CH 3
カルボン酸メチル基含有メチルポリシロキサン 2  Methyl carboxylate-containing methylpolysiloxane 2
次いで、 この溶液に 7 5 gの Peformacol 550 を加えてチタン触媒の存在下で 8 0 °Cで 6時間エステル交換させた。 反応後、 減圧下でトルエンを除去して、 下 記の構造を有するワックス状オルガノポリシロキサン (化合物 F) を得た。  Next, 75 g of Peformacol 550 was added to the solution, and transesterification was performed at 80 ° C. for 6 hours in the presence of a titanium catalyst. After the reaction, toluene was removed under reduced pressure to obtain a waxy organopolysiloxane (compound F) having the following structure.
H 3 C H 3 C H 3  H 3 C H 3 C H 3
I I I I I I I I
CH3— S i 0-(S i 0)37-(S i 0) 3 7 - S i - C H3 CH 3 - S i 0- (S i 0) 37 - (S i 0) 3 7 - S i - CH 3
I I I I  I I I I
H 3 C H 3 ( C H 2 ) 1 0 C H 3  H 3 C H 3 (C H 2) 10 C H 3
I CO_0(CH2)2939CH3 I CO_0 (CH 2 ) 2939 CH 3
化合物 F  Compound F
この化合物 Fの吸熱ピーク面積比は、 2 5°C以下のものが 1. 0 2 % 3 5°C 以下のものが 3. 5 7 ,°o そして 5 0°C以下のものが 9. 0 1 %であった。 また、 吸熱最大ピーク温度は 8 1°Cであった。 実施例 7  The endothermic peak area ratio of this compound F is less than 25 ° C, 1.0% 2% 35 ° C or less, 3.57 ° C, and 50 ° C or less, 9.0%. 1%. The maximum endothermic peak temperature was 81 ° C. Example 7
実施例 6で得たカルボン酸メチル基含有メチルポリシロキサン 2に塩酸水を加 え、 1 2 0°Cで 3時間攪拌し、 下記の構造を有する加水分解物を得た。  Hydrochloric acid water was added to methyl carboxylate-containing methylpolysiloxane 2 obtained in Example 6, and the mixture was stirred at 120 ° C for 3 hours to obtain a hydrolyzate having the following structure.
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3
I I I I CH3-S i O-(S i O) 3 7-(S i O)37-S i -CH3 IIII CH 3 -S i O- (S i O) 3 7- (S i O) 37 -S i -CH 3
I I I I I I I I
C H3 CH3 (C H2) i o C H3 CH 3 CH 3 (CH 2 ) io CH 3
C 0 OH  C 0 OH
3 5 gのこの加水分解物に、 6 5 gのべへニルアミン、 及び 1 0 0 gのキシレ ンを加えて、 1 0時間還流 (1 3 5°C) した。 反応後、 減圧下でキシレンを除去 して、 下記の構造を有するワックス状オルガノポリシロキサン (化合物 G) を得 た。 To 35 g of this hydrolyzate were added 65 g of benzylamine and 100 g of xylene, and the mixture was refluxed (135 ° C) for 10 hours. After the reaction, xylene is removed under reduced pressure Thus, a waxy organopolysiloxane (compound G) having the following structure was obtained.
C H3 C H 3 C H 3 C H 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3
I I I I I I
C H S i 0 (S i 0)37— (S i 0)37— S i - C H3 CHS i 0 (S i 0) 37 — (S i 0) 37 — S i-CH 3
I I .1 、 I  I I .1, I
C H3 C H 3 CHi!)l。 CH3 CH 3 CH 3 CHi!) L. CH3
CO - NH(CH2)21CH3 CO-NH (CH 2 ) 21 CH 3
化合物 G  Compound G
この化合物 Gの吸熱ピーク面積比は、 2 5 °C以下のものが 0. 1 0 %、 3 5 °C 以下のものが 5. 8 9%、 そして 5 0。C以下のものが 3 0. 50 であった。 また、 吸熱最大ピーク温度は 6 9°Cであった。 実施例 8 The compound G has an endothermic peak area ratio of 0.1% at 25 ° C or lower, 5.89% at 35 ° C or lower, and 50%. C following ones were 3 0.5 0. The maximum endothermic peak temperature was 69 ° C. Example 8
4つ口フラスコに、 1 5 gの実施例 1で得たヒ ドロメチルポリシロキサン 1、 In a four-necked flask, 15 g of the hydromethylpolysiloxane 1 obtained in Example 1 was added.
1 0 gのァリルアルコール、 1 0 0 gのトルエン、 及び塩化白金酸を添加して、 窒素気流下で 8 0°Cで 6時間攪拌した。 次いで、 8 0 gの 1一べへニン酸を加え て 1 0時間環流 (1 1 5°C) した。 反応後、 減圧下でトルエンを除去して、 下記 の構造を有するヮックス状オルガノポリシロキサンを得た。 100 g of aryl alcohol, 100 g of toluene, and chloroplatinic acid were added, and the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 6 hours under a nitrogen stream. Next, 80 g of carboxylic acid was added to each column and refluxed (115 ° C) for 10 hours. After the reaction, toluene was removed under reduced pressure to obtain a hexagonal organopolysiloxane having the following structure.
C H3 CH3 C H3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3
C H3- S i O—(S i O)10- S i一 CH3 CH 3 -S i O— (S i O) 10 -S i-one CH 3
I I I C H3 C H2 C H3 IIICH 3 CH 2 CH 3
I I
C H- C H3 C H- CH 3
I  I
0— C 0(C H2)2。 C H3 0—C 0 (CH 2 ) 2 . CH 3
このワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンの吸熱ピーク面積比は、 2 5°C以下の もの力く 1 , 5 0 %、 3 5 °C以下のものが 1 5. 2.%、 そして 5 0。C以下のものが 3 5. 0 %であった。 また、 吸熱最大ピーク温度は 6 0°Cであった。 実施例 9  The endothermic peak area ratio of this waxy organopolysiloxane is 25% or less, preferably 1,50%, that of 35 ° C or less is 15.2%, and 50%. Those with C or less were 35.0%. The maximum endothermic peak temperature was 60 ° C. Example 9
実施例 2で得たカルボン酸メチル基含有メチルポリシロキサン 1を加水分解し た。 3 5 gのこの加水分解物に、 6 5 gのべへニルアミ ン、 及び 1 0 0 gのキシ レンを加えて、 1 0時間還流 (1 3 5°C) した。 反応後、 減圧下でキシレンを除 去して、 下記の構造を有するワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンを得た。 The methyl carboxylate-containing methylpolysiloxane 1 obtained in Example 2 was hydrolyzed. To 35 g of this hydrolyzate is added 65 g of benzylamine and 100 g of xylene. Len was added, and the mixture was refluxed (135 ° C) for 10 hours. After the reaction, xylene was removed under reduced pressure to obtain a waxy organopolysiloxane having the following structure.
H C n 3 H  H C n 3 H
I I I I I I
C H 3— S i O—(S i O) i o - S i - C H 3 CH 3 — S i O— (S i O) io-S i-CH 3
I I I  I I I
H 3 ( C' H 2 ) 10 C H 3  H 3 (C 'H 2) 10 C H 3
I  I
C 0- N H ( C H 2) 2 1 C H 3 C 0- NH (CH 2 ) 2 1 CH 3
このワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンの吸熱ピーク面積比は、 2 5°C以下の ものが 0. 0 % 3 5 °C以下のものが 2. 8 2 、そして 5 0 °C以下のものが 2 1. 9%であった。 また、 吸熱最大ピーク温度は 7 5°Cであった。 実施例 1 0  The endothermic peak area ratio of the waxy organopolysiloxane is 0.02% at 25 ° C or lower, 2.8 2 at 35 ° C or lower, and 21 ° at 50 ° C or lower. 9%. The maximum endothermic peak temperature was 75 ° C. Example 10
9 0 8 gの 1 3 5 7—テトラメチルー 1 8, 5 7—テトラ (N— (/3 9 08 g of 1357-tetramethyl-18,57-tetra (N — (/ 3
—アミノエチル) 一 7'—ァミノプロピル) シクロテトラシロキサン、 9 2 gのへ キサメチルジシロキサン、 及び 0. 4 gの水酸化ナトリゥムの混合物を 1 1 0 °C で 8時間攪拌した。 これを中和後、 濾過して、 下記の構造を有するァミノオルガ ノポリシロキサン 1を得た。 A mixture of —aminoethyl) -1 7′-aminopropyl) cyclotetrasiloxane, 92 g of hexamethyldisiloxane, and 0.4 g of sodium hydroxide was stirred at 110 ° C. for 8 hours. After neutralization, the mixture was filtered to obtain an aminoaminopolysiloxane 1 having the following structure.
C H 3 C H 3 C H 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3
C H 3 - S i 0- ( S i O) i o - S i - C H 3 CH 3 -S i 0- (S i O) io-S i-CH 3
C H 3 ( C H 2) 3 C H 3 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 CH 3
I I
N H N H
( C H 2) 2 (CH 2) 2
I I
NH2 NH 2
ァミノオルガノポリシロキサン 1  Aminoorganopolysiloxane 1
2 5 gのアミノオルガノポリシロキサン 1 5 5 gのクロルギ酸べへニル、 及 び 1 0 0 gのトルエンを 1 0時間還流 ( 1 1 5°C) した。 反応後、 減圧下でトル ェンを除去して、 下記の構造を有するヮックス状オルガノポリシロキサンを得た c C H 3 Twenty-five g of aminoorganopolysiloxane, 155 g of benzyl chloroformate, and 100 g of toluene were refluxed (115 ° C.) for 10 hours. After the reaction, the toluene was removed under reduced pressure to obtain a hexagonal organopolysiloxane having the following structure c CH 3
I C H3- S i 0— ( ICH 3 -S i 0— (
I I
C H 3 ( C H 3 (
((
Figure imgf000034_0001
Figure imgf000034_0001
このワックス状オルガノポリシロキサンの吸熱ピーク面積比は、 2 5°C以下の ものが 1. 0 6 % 3 5 °C以下のものが 5 , 2 1 %、 そして 5 0 °C以下のものが 1 5. 6 %であった。 また、 吸熱最大ピーク温度は 7 5°Cであった。  The endothermic peak area ratio of this waxy organopolysiloxane is 1.06% at 25 ° C or lower, 5, 21% at 35 ° C or lower, and 1 at 50 ° C or lower. It was 5.6%. The maximum endothermic peak temperature was 75 ° C.
実施例 1〜 7の化合物 A〜G、 並びに下式: Compounds A to G of Examples 1 to 7 and the following formula:
^ H 3 ^ H 3 H 3 C rl 3  ^ H 3 ^ H 3 H 3 C rl 3
I I I I I I I I
C H3- S i 0-(S i O)2oo-(S i 0)15- S i - C H CH 3 -S i 0- (S i O) 2 oo- (S i 0) 15 -S i-CH
I I I I I I I I
C H C H C 3 0 H 6 1 C H 3 C H C H C 3 0 H 6 1 C H 3
H H i  H Hi
H  H
c  c
H  H
3  Three
し H 3 し H 3 C H  H 3 H 3 C H
I I I I I I
C H S i 0— (S i O)ioo-(S i 0) i 5 C H S i 0— (S i O) ioo- (S i 0) i 5
I I I C H 3 C l 3 H 37  I I I C H 3 C l 3 H 37
I  I
でそれぞれ表される化合物 H及び Iについて、 吸熱最大ピーク温度と吸熱ピーク 面積比を以下の表 1に示した。 Table 1 below shows the endothermic maximum peak temperature and the endothermic peak area ratio for compounds H and I represented by
表 1 . 内添離型剤の吸熱最大ピーク温度と吸熱ピーク面積比 Table 1. Endothermic maximum peak temperature and endothermic peak area ratio of internal release agent
Figure imgf000035_0001
実施例 1 1
Figure imgf000035_0001
Example 1 1
粉砕法トナーの調製 Preparation of pulverized toner
ガラス転移点 6 8 °Cの 1 0 0重量部のスチレン—アクリル樹脂 (ハイマ一 T B - 9 0 0 0 ;三洋化成工業株式会社) 、 5重量部のカーボンブラック (M A— 6 0 0 :三菱化成工業株式会社) 、 1重量部のメチルトリフヱニルホスホニゥムト シレート (荷電制御剤) 及び 5重量部の化台物 Aを分散混合した後、 二軸押出機 を用いて溶融混練した。 冷却後、 ハンマーミルで粉砕し、 超音速ジヱッ トミル粉 碎機にて微粉砕した。 得られた粉体を風力分級機で分級し、 平均粒径 1 1 mの 微粒粉黒色トナーを得た。 実施例 1 2  100 parts by weight of styrene-acrylic resin (haima-TB-900; Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) with a glass transition point of 68 ° C, 5 parts by weight of carbon black (MA-600: Mitsubishi Chemical) 1 part by weight of methyltriphenylphosphonium tosylate (charge control agent) and 5 parts by weight of compound A were dispersed and mixed, and then melt-kneaded using a twin-screw extruder. After cooling, it was pulverized by a hammer mill and finely pulverized by a supersonic jet mill. The obtained powder was classified by an air classifier to obtain a fine black powder toner having an average particle diameter of 11 m. Example 1 2
実施例 1 1で使用した化合物 Aの代わりに化合物 Bを使用した以外は実施例 1 1と同様にして、 平均粒径 1 1 の微粒粉黒色トナーを得た。 実施例 1 3  A fine black powder toner having an average particle diameter of 11 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that Compound B was used instead of Compound A used in Example 11. Example 13
実施例 1 1で使用した化合物 Aの代わりに化合物 Cを使用した以外は実施例 1 1と同様にして、 平均粒径 1 1 mの微粒粉黒色トナーを得た。 Example 1 Example 1 except that compound C was used instead of compound A used in 1. In the same manner as in 1, a fine powder black toner having an average particle diameter of 11 m was obtained.
実施例 1 4 Example 14
実施例 1 1で使用した化合物 Aの代わりに化合物 Dを使用した以外は実施例 1 1と同様にして、 平均粒径 1 1 mの微粒粉黒色トナーを得た。 実施例 1 5  A fine black powder toner having an average particle diameter of 11 m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that Compound D was used instead of Compound A used in Example 11. Example 15
実施例 1 1で使用した化合物 Αの代わりに化合物 Fを使用した以外は実施例 1 1と同様にして、 平均粒径 1 1 mの微粒粉黒色トナーを得た。 実施例 1 6  A fine black powder toner having an average particle diameter of 11 m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that Compound F was used instead of Compound 使用 used in Example 11. Example 16
実施例 1 1で使用した化合物 Aの代わりに化合物 Gを使用した以外は実施例 1 1と同様にして、 平均粒径 1 1 ζ ηιの微粒粉黒色トナーを得た。 比較例 1  A fine black powder toner having an average particle size of 11ζηι was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that Compound G was used instead of Compound A used in Example 11. Comparative Example 1
実施例 1 1で使用した化合物 Aの代わりに化合物 Hを使用した以外は実施例 1 1と同様にして、 平均粒径; mの微粒粉黒色トナーを得た。 比較例 2  A fine powder black toner having an average particle diameter of m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11, except that Compound H was used instead of Compound A used in Example 11. Comparative Example 2
実施例 1 1で使用した化合物 Aの代わりに化合物 Iを使用した以外は実施例 1 1と同様にして、 平均粒径 1 1 , mの微粒粉黒色トナーを得た。 実施例 1 1〜 1 6で得られたトナー及び比較例 1〜2で得られた卜ナ—の耐ォ フセッ ト性と耐ブロッキング性を評価して、 その結果をそれぞれ表 2及び 3に示 した。 表 2及び 3から明らかなように、 本発明の内添離型剤である化合物 A〜D 及び F〜Gを配合したトナーは、 シリコンオイル等のオフセッ ト防止液を供給し ない加熱ローラ一定着法においても十分な非オフセッ 卜域を持ち、 かつ耐ブロッ キング性、 流動性が良好である。 それに対し、 内添離型剤 H又は Iを配合した比 較例 1〜 2のトナーは耐オフセッ ト性及び耐ブロッキング性において本発明のト ナー組成物より劣るものであった。 表 2 A fine powder black toner having an average particle diameter of 11 m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that Compound I was used in place of Compound A used in Example 11. The offset resistance and blocking resistance of the toners obtained in Examples 11 to 16 and the toners obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were evaluated, and the results are shown in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. did. As is clear from Tables 2 and 3, the toner containing the compounds A to D and F to G, which are the internal release agents of the present invention, is fixed to the heating roller without supplying an anti-offset liquid such as silicone oil. The method has a sufficient non-offset area in the method, and has good blocking resistance and fluidity. In contrast, the toners of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 containing the internal release agent H or I were inferior in offset resistance and blocking resistance to the toner composition of the present invention. Table 2
Figure imgf000037_0001
Figure imgf000037_0002
表 3 .
Figure imgf000037_0001
Figure imgf000037_0002
Table 3.
Figure imgf000037_0003
実施例 1 7
Figure imgf000037_0003
Example 17
懸濁重合法によるトナーの調製  Preparation of toner by suspension polymerization method
7 3重量部のスチレン、 2 7重量部の 2 —ェチルへキシルァクリレート、 0 . 5重量部のジビュルベンゼン、 5重量部の力一ボンブラック (M A— 1 0 0 S ; 三菱化学) 、 1 . 5重量部のディスパロン (楠本化成) 及び 1 6重量部の化合物 Aを分散容器に取り、 ウルトラデイスパーザー (特殊機化工業製) を用いて窒素 雰囲気下 1 8 0 0 0 r p mで 3 0分間分散させた。 次いで、 1 5重量部のスチレ ン. /アクリル樹脂 (S A— 3 0 2 ; 日本力一バイ ド社) を加え、 マグネチックス ターラーで攪拌しながら溶解させた。続いて、 5重量部の重合開始剤 V— 6 5 (和 光純薬製) を加えてマグネチックスターラーで攪拌しながら溶解させ、 着色剤を 分散させたモノマー組成物を調製した。 別に 5重量%のリン酸三カルシウム及び 4 0重量%の塩化カルシウムを含む水性スラリ一をウルトラディスパ一ザ一によ り 1 0 0 0 0 r p mで 1 0分間分散させた懸濁剤スラリーを調製しておき、 上記 の着色剤分散モノマ一組成物を 4倍量の懸濁剤スラリ一を入れた懸濁浴に注下し、 続いてホモミキサー (特殊機化工業社製) により 8 0 0 0 r p mで 3分間分散さ せてモノマ—組成物の懸濁微粒子を形成させた。 顕微鏡観察によると粒径はほぼ 1 0 μ m以下であった。 73 parts by weight of styrene, 27 parts by weight of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 0.5 parts by weight of dibutylbenzene, 5 parts by weight of Lithium black (MA-100S; Mitsubishi Chemical) , 1.5 parts by weight of Disparone (Kusumoto Kasei) and 16 parts by weight of Compound A were placed in a dispersion container, and were then mixed with an Ultra Disperser (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) at 180 rpm under a nitrogen atmosphere. Dispersed for 0 minutes. Then, 15 parts by weight of styrene / acrylic resin (SA-302; Nippon Riki-Bide Co., Ltd.) was added and dissolved while stirring with a magnetic stirrer. Subsequently, 5 parts by weight of a polymerization initiator V-65 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added and dissolved with stirring with a magnetic stirrer. A dispersed monomer composition was prepared. Separately, an aqueous slurry containing 5% by weight of tricalcium phosphate and 40% by weight of calcium chloride was dispersed by an ultra disperser at 100,000 rpm for 10 minutes to prepare a suspending agent slurry. The above-mentioned colorant-dispersed monomer composition is poured into a suspension bath containing 4 times the amount of the suspending agent slurry, and then the mixture is homogenized by a homomixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.). The mixture was dispersed at 0 rpm for 3 minutes to form suspended fine particles of the monomer composition. Microscopic observation showed that the particle size was less than about 10 μm.
次いで、 攪拌機を平羽根攪拌機に交換し、 窒素雰囲気下 2 0 0 r p mで攪拌し ながら 6 5 °Cに昇温して、 8時間重合を行った。 重合終了後、 冷却し、 少量生成 した凝集粗粒を目開き 1 0 0 mの金網で除去し、 希塩酸で洗浄後、 ろ過、 水洗 をして乾燥し、 M nが 1 3, 0 0 0であり、 M wが 4 1, 0 0 0であり、 そして ゲル分が 6 . 5 %である粒子を得た。 さらにこの粒子 1 0 0重量部に対し 0 . 3重 量部の商品名 「ァエロジル R— 9 7 2」 (日本ァエロジル (株) 製) を加えて混 合し、 黒色トナーを得た。 実施例 1 8  Then, the stirrer was replaced with a flat blade stirrer, and the temperature was raised to 65 ° C while stirring at 200 rpm in a nitrogen atmosphere, and polymerization was carried out for 8 hours. After completion of the polymerization, the mixture was cooled, and a small amount of the formed coarse coarse particles were removed with a wire mesh having a mesh size of 100 m, washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, filtered, washed with water, and dried. Yes, particles having a M w of 41,000 and a gel fraction of 6.5% were obtained. Further, 0.3 parts by weight of trade name “Aerosil R-972” (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) was added to 100 parts by weight of the particles and mixed, to obtain a black toner. Example 18
実施例 1 7で使用した化合物 Aの代わりに化合物 Bを使用した以外は実施例 1 7と同様にして、 平均粒径 1 1 mの微粒粉黒色トナーを得た。 実施例 1 9  A fine powder black toner having an average particle diameter of 11 m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 17 except that Compound B was used instead of Compound A used in Example 17. Example 19
実施例 1 7で使用した化合物 Aの代わりに化合物 Cを使用した以外は実施例 1 7と同様にして、 平均粒径 1 1 mの微粒粉黒色トナーを得た。 実施例 2 0  A fine black powder toner having an average particle diameter of 11 m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 17 except that Compound C was used instead of Compound A used in Example 17. Example 20
実施例 1 7で使用した化合物 Aの代わりに化合物 Dを使用した以外は実施例 1 7と同様にして、 平均粒径 1 1 z mの微粒粉黒色トナーを得た。 実施例 2 1  A fine powder black toner having an average particle size of 11 zm was obtained in the same manner as in Example 17 except that Compound D was used instead of Compound A used in Example 17. Example 2 1
実施例 1 7で使用した化合物 Aの代わりに化合物 Fを使用した以外は実施例 1 7と同様にして、 平均粒径 1 1 mの微粒粉黒色トナーを得た。 Example 1 Except that Compound F was used instead of Compound A used in Example 7 In the same manner as 7, a fine powder black toner having an average particle diameter of 11 m was obtained.
実施例 2 2 . Example 22.
実施例 1 7で使用した化合物 Aの代わりに化合物 Gを使用した以外は実施例 1 7と同様にして、 平均粒径 1 1 // mの微粒粉黒色トナーを得た。 比較例 3  A fine powder black toner having an average particle diameter of 11 // m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 17 except that Compound G was used instead of Compound A used in Example 17. Comparative Example 3
実施例 1 7で使用した化合物 Aの代わりに化合物 Hを使用した以外は実施例 1 Example 1 Except that Compound H was used instead of Compound A used in Example 7
.
7と同様にして、 平均粒径 1 1 mの微粒粉黒色トナーを得た。 比較例 4  In the same manner as 7, a fine powder black toner having an average particle diameter of 11 m was obtained. Comparative Example 4
実施例 1 7で使用した化合物 Aの代わりに化合物 Iを使用した以外は実施例 1 7と同様にして、 平均粒径 1 1 / mの微粒粉黒色トナーを得た。 実施例 1 7 〜 2 2で得られたトナーの耐オフセッ ト性と耐ブロッキング性を評 価し、 その結果を表 4に示した。 同様に、 比較例 3及び 4で得られたトナーを評 価し、 その結果を表 5に示した。 表 4より明らかなように、 本発明の内添離型剤 である化合物 A〜 D及び F 〜 Gを配合したトナーは、 シリコンオイル等のオフセ ッ ト防止液を供給しない加熱ローラー定着法においても十分な非オフセッ ト域を 持ち、 かつ耐プロッキング性、 流動性が良好である。 それに対し、 化合物 H〜 I を配合した比較例のトナーは耐オフセッ ト性及び耐ブロッキング性において本発 明のトナー組成物より劣るものであった。  A fine powder black toner having an average particle diameter of 11 / m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 17 except that Compound I was used instead of Compound A used in Example 17. The offset resistance and blocking resistance of the toners obtained in Examples 17 to 22 were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4. Similarly, the toners obtained in Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 5. As is clear from Table 4, the toner containing the compounds A to D and F to G, which are the internal release agents of the present invention, can be used even in the heating roller fixing method without supplying an offset prevention liquid such as silicone oil. It has a sufficient non-offset area, and has good blocking resistance and fluidity. In contrast, the toners of Comparative Examples containing Compounds H to I were inferior in offset resistance and blocking resistance to the toner composition of the present invention.
表 4 .  Table 4.
実施例 実施例 1 7 実施例 1 8 実施例 1 9  Example Example 1 7 Example 1 8 Example 1 9
内添離型剤 化合物 A 化合物 B 化合物 C  Internal release agent Compound A Compound B Compound C
非オフセッ 1 3 5 - 1 3 0 〜  Non-offset 1 3 5-1 3 0 〜
卜域 2 0 0 °C以上 1 9 5 °C  Over 200 ° C or more 195 ° C
ブ口ッキ 〇 〇 〇  口 〇 〇
ング性 表 4 . (続き) Property Table 4. (continued)
Figure imgf000040_0001
Figure imgf000040_0001
表 5  Table 5
Figure imgf000040_0002
Figure imgf000040_0002
実施例 2 3〜 2 6 Example 23 to 26
実施例 2 3〜2 6においては、 トナーの平均粒径、 重量平均分子量、 定着温度 幅、 及び耐ブロッキング性は、 それぞれ次のように測定した。  In Examples 23 to 26, the average particle size, weight average molecular weight, fixing temperature range, and blocking resistance of the toner were measured as follows.
•体積平均粒径 ( 5 m以下及び 1 5 a m以上のトナー粒子の割合) :  • Volume average particle size (proportion of toner particles of 5 m or less and 15 am or more):
ホリバ社製 L A— 5 0 0、 日機装社製マイクロトラック U P A、 コール夕一社 製コール夕一カウンタ一マルチサイザ一Π型 (コ一ルターカウンタ一と略) に より測定した。  Measurements were made using a Horiba L A-500, a Nikkiso Co., Ltd. Microtrac UPA, and a Cole Yuichi Co., Ltd. Cole Yuichi Counter and Multisizer Type 10 (abbreviated as a Coulter Counter).
•重量平均分子量 (M w) 及び分子量ピーク (M p ) :  • Weight average molecular weight (M w) and molecular weight peak (M p):
ゲルパーミエーシヨンクロマトグラフィー (G P C ) により測定した (装置: 東ソ一社製 G P C装置 H L C— 8 0 2 0 ;カラム: Polymer Labotatory社製 P L-gel Mixed-B 1 0 μ m ;溶媒: T H F ;試料濃度: 0 . 1 w t % ;検量線: 標準ポリスチレン)  It was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). (Apparatus: GPC apparatus HLC-8200 manufactured by Tosoh Corporation; Column: PL-gel Mixed-B 10 μm manufactured by Polymer Labotatory; solvent: THF ; Sample concentration: 0.1 wt%; calibration curve: standard polystyrene)
•定着温度幅:  • Fusing temperature range:
未定着のトナー像を担持した記録紙を用意し、 加熱ローラの表面温度を 1 0 0 °Cから 2 2 0 °Cまで変化させ、 定着ニップ部に搬送し、 排出された時の定着状 態を観察した。 定着時に加熱ローラにトナーのオフセッ 卜が生じず、 定着後の 記録紙上のトナーが十分に記録紙に接着している温度領域を定着温度領域とし た。定着機の加熱ローラ一のうち、 ソフ トローラは、芯金としてアルミニウム、 弾性体層として J I S— A規格によるゴム硬度 3° のジメチル系の低温加硫型 シリコーンゴム 1. 5 mm厚、 離型層として P FT (テトラフルォロエチレン —パ一フルォロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体) 5 0 zm厚が用いられてお り、 直径は 3 0 mm、 日本ゴム協会規格 S R I S 0 1 0 1に準拠して測定され る定着ローラー表面のゴム硬度は 8 0である。 ソフトローラによる評価は、 シ リコンオイルの塗布なしで、 二ップ幅 4 mm又は 3 l mmで評価した。 定着速 度は 1 2 0 mm/ s又は 3 0 mm/ sで実施した。 Prepare a recording paper carrying an unfixed toner image, change the surface temperature of the heating roller from 100 ° C to 220 ° C, transport it to the fixing nip, and fix it when it is discharged. Was observed. The fixing temperature area is defined as a temperature area where toner offset does not occur on the heating roller during fixing and the toner on the recording paper after fixing is sufficiently adhered to the recording paper. Was. Among the heating rollers of the fixing machine, the soft roller is made of aluminum as the core metal and the elastic layer is a dimethyl-based low-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber with a rubber hardness of 3 ° according to JIS-A standard 1.5 mm thick, release layer PFT (tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer) 50 zm thickness is used, the diameter is 30 mm, and it conforms to the Japan Rubber Association Standard SRIS 0101. The rubber hardness of the fixing roller surface measured by the method is 80. The evaluation with a soft roller was performed with a nip width of 4 mm or 3 lmm without applying silicone oil. The fixing speed was 120 mm / s or 30 mm / s.
•耐ブロッキング性:  • Blocking resistance:
現像用トナー 1 0 gを円筒形の容器に入れ、 2 O gの加重をのせ、 5 0°Cの環 境下に 5時間放置した後トナ一を容器から取り出し、 上から加重をかけること で凝集の程度を判断した。  Put 10 g of toner for development in a cylindrical container, apply a load of 2 Og, leave it in a 50 ° C environment for 5 hours, remove the toner from the container, and apply a load from above. The degree of aggregation was determined.
〇 凝集なし  な し No aggregation
△ 凝集しているが小さな加重で崩れる  △ Aggregated, but collapsed by small load
X 凝集しており加重をかけても崩れない 実施例 2 3  X Aggregated and does not collapse even when weight is applied.
乳化重合凝集法によるトナーの調製 Preparation of toner by emulsion polymerization aggregation method
内添離型剤分散液 1の調製  Preparation of Internal Release Agent Dispersion 1
1 0 0重量部の化合物 D及び 8重量部のネオゲン S C (第一工業製薬株式会社 製 ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリゥム塩の 6 5 %水溶液) に 2 9 2重量部 の 8 0°Cの水を 5分間かけて撹拌しながら徐々に加え、 更に 8 0°Cで 1 0分間撹 拌した。 乳白色の均一液体である内添離型剤分散液 1が得られた。  To 100 parts by weight of compound D and 8 parts by weight of Neogen SC (a 65% aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) were added 292 parts by weight of water at 80 ° C for 5 minutes. The mixture was gradually added with stirring over a period of 10 minutes, and further stirred at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes. An internal release agent dispersion 1 as a milky white uniform liquid was obtained.
重合体一次粒子分散液 Aの調製  Preparation of polymer primary particle dispersion A
攪拌装置、 加熱冷却装置、 濃縮装置、 及び原料仕込み装置を備えた反応器に 1 6. 2重量部の内添離型剤分散液 1、 乳化剤として 2. 4重量部の 1 0 %ネオゲン S C水溶液、 及び 3 8 0重量部の脱塩水を仕込んだ。 窒素気流下で 9 0°Cに昇温 してから、 重合開始剤として 1. 6重量部の 8. 過酸化水素水溶液と 1. 6重量部 の 8 %ァスコルビン酸水溶液とを添加した。 その後、 下記のモノマー,ノ乳化剤混合液を少量滴下して重合の開始を確認して から、 残りを 5時間かけて滴下した。 重合を継続するため重合開始から下記の開 始剤水溶液を 6時間かけて滴下し、 その後さらに 3 0分間攪拌した。 In a reactor equipped with a stirrer, a heating / cooling device, a concentrating device, and a raw material charging device, 16.2 parts by weight of an internal release agent dispersion 1, and 2.4 parts by weight of an emulsifier in a 10% aqueous solution of 10% neogen SC , And 380 parts by weight of demineralized water were charged. After the temperature was raised to 90 ° C. under a nitrogen stream, 1.6 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and 1.6 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of 8% ascorbic acid were added as polymerization initiators. Thereafter, a small amount of the following mixture of monomer and emulsifier was added dropwise to confirm the initiation of polymerization, and the rest was added dropwise over 5 hours. To continue the polymerization, the following aqueous initiator solution was added dropwise over 6 hours from the start of the polymerization, and the mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes.
モノマー, ''乳化剤混合液 部 ( Monomer, '' Emulsifier mixture (
スチレン 7 6 ( 3 0 4 g )  Styrene 7 6 (304 g)
ァクリル酸ブチル 2 4  Butyl acrylate 2 4
ァクリル酸 3  Acrylic acid 3
ブロモ ト リ クロロメタン 0 . 4 5  Bromotrichloromethane 0.45
2 _メルカプトエタノ一ル 0 . 0 1  2 _ Mercaptoethanol 0.0 1
1 0 %ネオゲン S C水溶液 1  10% Neogen SC aqueous solution 1
脱塩水 2 5  Demineralized water 2 5
開始剤水溶液 重量部' Initiator aqueous solution parts by weight '
8 Q0過酸化水素水溶液 9 8 Q 0 Hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution 9
8 %ァスコルビン酸水溶液 9  8% ascorbic acid aqueous solution 9
乳白色の重合体一次粒子分散液 Aが得られた。 重合体のテトラヒドロフラン可 溶分の重量平均分子量は 6 6 , 9 4 6であり、 U P Aで測定した平均粒子径は 1 7 5 n mであった。  A milky white polymer primary particle dispersion A was obtained. The weight average molecular weight of the tetrahydrofuran-soluble portion of the polymer was 66, 946, and the average particle size measured by UPA was 1775 nm.
樹脂微粒子分散液 Aの調製  Preparation of resin particle dispersion A
攪拌装置、 加熱冷却装置、 濃縮装置、 及び原料仕込み装置を備えた反応器に、 乳化剤として 6重量部の 1 0 ¾'ネオゲン S C水溶液及び 3 7 2重量部の脱塩水を 仕込んだ。 窒素気流下で 9 0 °Cに昇温してから、 重合開始剤として 1 . 6重量部 の 8 %過酸化水素水溶液と 1 . 6重量部の 8 ?oァスコルビン酸水溶液とを添加し た。  A reactor equipped with a stirrer, a heating / cooling device, a concentrating device, and a raw material charging device was charged with 6 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of 10% neogen SC and 372 parts by weight of demineralized water as an emulsifier. After the temperature was raised to 90 ° C. under a nitrogen stream, 1.6 parts by weight of an 8% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and 1.6 parts by weight of an 8-ascorbic acid aqueous solution were added as polymerization initiators.
その後、 下記のモノマー/ '乳化剤混合液を少量滴下して重合の開始を確認して から、 残りを 5時間かけて滴下した。 重合を継続するため重合開始から下記の開 始剤水溶液を 6時間かけて滴下し、 その後さらに 3 0分間攪拌した。  Thereafter, a small amount of the following monomer / 'emulsifier mixed solution was added dropwise to confirm the initiation of polymerization, and the rest was added dropwise over 5 hours. To continue the polymerization, the following aqueous initiator solution was added dropwise over 6 hours from the start of the polymerization, and the mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes.
モノマー z乳化剤混合液 重量部 (重量) Monomer z Emulsifier mixture liquid parts by weight (weight)
スチレン 8 8 ( 3 0 8 g )  Styrene 8 8 (308 g)
アタリル酸ブチル 1 2 ァク リル酸 2 Butyl acrylate Acrylic acid 2
ブロモトリクロロメタン 0. 5  Bromotrichloromethane 0.5
へキサンジォ一ルジアタリ レート 0. 4  Hexanthoyl diatarilate 0.4
2—メルカプトエタノール 0. 0 1  2-Mercaptoethanol 0.0 1
1 0 %ネオゲン S C水溶液 3  10% Neogen SC aqueous solution 3
脱塩水 2 3  Demineralized water 2 3
開始剤水溶液 重量部 Initiator aqueous solution parts by weight
8 %過酸化水素水溶液 9  8% aqueous hydrogen peroxide 9
8 %ァスコルビン酸水溶液 9  8% ascorbic acid aqueous solution 9
乳白色の樹脂微粒子分散液 Aが得られた。 重合体のテトラヒドロフラン可溶分 の重量平均分子量は 5 7, 0 0 0であり U P Aで測定した平均粒子径は 5 6 n m であった。  A milky white resin particle dispersion A was obtained. The weight average molecular weight of the tetrahydrofuran-soluble component of the polymer was 57,000, and the average particle size measured by UPA was 56 nm.
着色剤微粒子分散液 A  Colorant fine particle dispersion A
ピグメントブル— 1 5 : 3の水分散液 (EP-700 Blue GA;大日精化製;固形分 3 5 %) 。 UP Aで測定した平均粒径は 1 5 0 nmであった。  Pigmentable—15: 3 aqueous dispersion (EP-700 Blue GA; manufactured by Dainichi Seika; solid content: 35%). The average particle size measured by UPA was 150 nm.
現像用トナー 1の製造  Production of developing toner 1
1 0 0重量部 (2 2 4 g) の重合体一次粒子分散液 Aと 0. 5重量部の 1 0 % ネオゲン S C水溶液を反応器に仕込んだ。 均一に混合してから、 7重量部の着色 剤微粒子分散液 Aを添加した。均一に混合して力、ら、その分散液を攪拌しながら、 6. 3重量部の硫酸アルミニウム水溶液を滴下した。 撹拌しながら 3 0分かけて 5 5°Cに昇温してから 4 0分保持し、 さらに 1 5分かけて 6 5°Cに昇温して 3 0 分保持し、 さらに 1 0分かけて 7 0°Cに昇温して 2 0分保持した。 5重量部の樹 脂微粒子分散液 A、 及び 0. 7重量部の硫酸アルミニウム水溶液をこの順に添加 して 3 0分保持した。 3. 2重量部の 1 0 %ネオゲン S C水溶液と 3 8 9重量部 の脱塩水を添加してから 4 5分かけて 9 6°Cまで昇温して 3時間保持した。 冷却 し、 濾過し、 水洗し、 そして乾燥することにより トナー 1を得た。 以上の各成分 の重量は、 脱塩水を除いて固形分に換算したものである。  100 parts by weight (224 g) of the polymer primary particle dispersion A and 0.5 parts by weight of a 10% aqueous solution of neogen SC were charged into a reactor. After uniform mixing, 7 parts by weight of colorant fine particle dispersion A was added. 6.3 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate was added dropwise while uniformly mixing and stirring the dispersion. With stirring, the temperature was raised to 55 ° C over 30 minutes, held for 40 minutes, then raised to 65 ° C over 15 minutes, held for 30 minutes, and then over 10 minutes The temperature was raised to 70 ° C. and maintained for 20 minutes. 5 parts by weight of a resin fine particle dispersion A and 0.7 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate were added in this order and kept for 30 minutes. 3. After adding 2 parts by weight of a 10% aqueous solution of neogen SC and 389 parts by weight of demineralized water, the temperature was raised to 96 ° C over 45 minutes and maintained for 3 hours. After cooling, filtering, washing with water, and drying, Toner 1 was obtained. The weight of each of the above components is converted to solid content excluding demineralized water.
1 0 0重量部のトナー 1に、 疎水表面処理をした 1重量部のシリカを混合して 撹拌し、 現像用トナー 1を得た。 現像用トナー 1の評価 To 100 parts by weight of Toner 1, 1 part by weight of silica subjected to hydrophobic surface treatment was mixed and stirred to obtain Toner 1 for development. Evaluation of toner 1 for development
現像用トナー 1のコ一ルターカウンタ一による体積平均粒径は 7. 9 / mであ り、 体積平均粒径と数平均粒径の比は 1. 1 2であった。 現像用トナー 1は、 定 着速度 1 2 O mm sでは 1 6 0〜2 1 0 °Cで定着し、 定着速度 3 O mmZsで は 1 3 0〜 1 7 0°Cで定着した。 実施例 2 4  The volume average particle size of the developing toner 1 measured by the Coulter Counter was 7.9 / m, and the ratio of the volume average particle size to the number average particle size was 1.12. The developing toner 1 was fixed at 160 to 210 ° C. at a fixing speed of 12 O mms, and was fixed at 130 to 170 ° C. at a fixing speed of 3 O mmZs. Example 2 4
乳化重合凝集法によるトナーの調製 Preparation of toner by emulsion polymerization aggregation method
内添離型剤分散液 2の調製  Preparation of Internal Release Agent Dispersion 2
1 0 0重量部の化合物 D及び 1 2重量部のネオゲン S Cに 2 8 8重量部の 8 0 °Cの水を 5分間かけて撹拌しながら徐々に加え、更に 8 0°Cで 1 0分間撹拌した。 乳白色の均一液体である内添離型剤分散液 2が得られた。  To 88 parts by weight of compound D and 12 parts by weight of Neogen SC, 288 parts by weight of water at 80 ° C was gradually added with stirring over 5 minutes, and further at 80 ° C for 10 minutes. Stirred. An internal release agent dispersion liquid 2 as a milky white uniform liquid was obtained.
重合体一次粒子分散液 Bの調製  Preparation of polymer primary particle dispersion B
攪拌装置、 加熱冷却装置、 濃縮装置、 及び原料仕込み装置を備えた反応器に 1 5. 1重量部の内添離型剤分散液 2、 乳化剤として 2. 5重量部の 1 09。 'ネオゲン S C水溶液、 及び 3 8 1重量部の脱塩水を仕込んだ。 窒素気流下で 9 0°Cに昇温 してから、 重合開始剤として 1. 6重量部の 8 %過酸化水素水溶液と 1. 6重量部 の 8 %ァスコルビン酸水溶液とを添加した。  In a reactor equipped with a stirrer, a heating / cooling device, a concentrating device, and a raw material charging device, 15.1 parts by weight of an internal release agent dispersion liquid 2, and 2.5 parts by weight of an emulsifier 109. 'Neogen SC aqueous solution and 381 parts by weight of demineralized water were charged. After the temperature was raised to 90 ° C. under a nitrogen stream, 1.6 parts by weight of an 8% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and 1.6 parts by weight of an 8% aqueous ascorbic acid solution were added as polymerization initiators.
その後、 下記のモノマ—, /乳化剤混合液を少量滴下して重合の開始を確認して から、 残りを 5時間かけて滴下した。 重合を継続するため重合開始から下記の開 始剤水溶液を 6時間かけて滴下し、 その後さらに 3 0分間攪拌した。  Thereafter, a small amount of the following monomer / emulsifier mixture was added dropwise to confirm the initiation of polymerization, and the rest was added dropwise over 5 hours. To continue the polymerization, the following aqueous initiator solution was added dropwise over 6 hours from the start of the polymerization, and the mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes.
モノマー Z乳化剤混合液 重量部 (重量) Monomer Z emulsifier mixture liquid parts by weight (weight)
スチレン 7 9 ( 3 9 5 g)  Styrene 7 9 (395 g)
ァクリル酸ブチル 2 1  Butyl acrylate 2 1
ァクリル酸 3  Acrylic acid 3
ブロモトリクロロメタン 0. 4 5  Bromotrichloromethane 0.4 5
2—メルカプトエタノール 0. 0 1  2-Mercaptoethanol 0.0 1
1 0 %ネオゲン S C水溶液 1  10% Neogen SC aqueous solution 1
脱塩水 2 5 開始剤水溶液 Demineralized water 2 5 Initiator aqueous solution
8 %過酸化水素水溶液 9  8% aqueous hydrogen peroxide 9
8 96ァスコルビン酸水溶液 9  8 96 Ascorbic acid aqueous solution 9
乳白色の重合体一次粒子分散液 Bが得られた。 重合体のテトラヒドロフラン可 溶分の重量平均分子量は 7 0, 9 0 3であり、 U P Aで測定した平均粒子径は 2 0 3 n mであった。  A milky white polymer primary particle dispersion B was obtained. The weight average molecular weight of the tetrahydrofuran-soluble component of the polymer was 70,903, and the average particle size measured by UPA was 203 nm.
現像用トナー 2の製造  Production of developing toner 2
1 0 0重量部 (2 3 0 g ) の重合体一次粒子 Bと 0 . 5重量部の 1 0 %ネオゲ ン S C水溶液を反応器に仕込んだ。 均一に混合してから、 7重量部の着色剤微粒 子分散液 Aを添加した。 均一に混合してから、 その分散液を攪拌しながら、 6 . 3重量部の硫酸アルミニウム水溶液を滴下した。 撹拌しながら 3 0分かけて 5 5 °Cに昇温してから 4 0分保持し、 さらに 1 5分かけて 6 5 °Cに昇温して 3 0分保 持し、 さらに 1 0分かけて 7 0 °Cに昇温して 2 0分保持した。 5重量部の樹脂微 粒子分散液 A、 及び 0 . 7重量部の硫酸アルミニウム水溶液をこの順に添加して 3 0分保持した。 3 . 2重量部の 1 0 %ネオゲン S C水溶液と 3 8 1重量部の脱 塩水を添加してから 5 0分かけて 9 6 °Cまで昇温して 3時間保持した。 冷却し、 濾過し、 水洗し、 そして乾燥することにより トナー 2を得た。 以上の各成分の重 量は、 脱塩水を除いて固形分に換算したものである。  100 parts by weight (230 g) of polymer primary particles B and 0.5 part by weight of a 10% aqueous solution of neogen SC were charged into a reactor. After uniform mixing, 7 parts by weight of colorant fine particle dispersion A was added. After mixing uniformly, 6.3 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate was added dropwise while stirring the dispersion. With stirring, the temperature was raised to 55 ° C over 30 minutes, held for 40 minutes, then raised to 65 ° C over 15 minutes, held for 30 minutes, and further 10 minutes. Then, the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. and maintained for 20 minutes. 5 parts by weight of the resin fine particle dispersion A and 0.7 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate were added in this order, and the mixture was maintained for 30 minutes. After adding 3.2 parts by weight of a 10% aqueous solution of neogen SC and 381 parts by weight of demineralized water, the temperature was raised to 96 ° C. over 50 minutes and maintained for 3 hours. It was cooled, filtered, washed with water, and dried to obtain Toner 2. The weights of the above components are converted to solids, excluding demineralized water.
1 0 0重量部の卜ナ一 2に、 疎水表面処理をした 1重量部のシリカを混合して 撹拌し、 現像用トナー 2を得た。  One hundred parts by weight of toner 1-2 was mixed with 1 part by weight of silica having been subjected to a hydrophobic surface treatment, followed by stirring to obtain toner 2 for development.
現像用トナー 2の評価  Evaluation of developing toner 2
現像用トナー 2のコール夕一カウンタ一による体積平均粒径は 7 . 4 であ り、 体積平均粒径と数平均粒径の比は 1 . 1 3であった。 現像用トナー 2は、'定 着速度 1 2 0 m m /' sでは 1 6 0〜 2 1 0 で定着し、 定着速度 3 0 m m / sで は 1 3 0〜 1 7 0 °Cで定着した。 実施例 2 5  The volume average particle diameter of the developing toner 2 as measured by Coulter and Counter was 7.4, and the ratio of the volume average particle diameter to the number average particle diameter was 1.13. Developing toner 2 fixed at 160 to 210 at 'fixing speed of 120 mm /' s, and at 130 to 170 ° C at fixing speed of 30 mm / s . Example 2 5
乳化重合凝集法によるトナーの調製 内添離型剤分散液 3の調製 Preparation of toner by emulsion polymerization aggregation method Preparation of Internal Release Agent Dispersion 3
1 0 0重量部の化合物 E及び 1 2重量部のネオゲン S Cに 2 8 8重量部の 8 0 での水を 5分間かけて撹拌しながら徐々に加え、更に 8 0 °Cで 1 0分間撹拌した。 乳白色の均一液体である内添離型剤分散液 3が得られた。  To 100 parts by weight of compound E and 12 parts by weight of neogen SC, 288 parts by weight of water at 80 were gradually added with stirring over 5 minutes, and further stirred at 80 ° C for 10 minutes. did. An internal release agent dispersion liquid 3 as a milky white uniform liquid was obtained.
重合体一次粒子分散液 Cの調製  Preparation of polymer primary particle dispersion C
攪拌装置、 加熱冷却装置、 濃縮装置、 及び原料仕込み装置を備えた反応器に 1 4 . 5重量部の内添離型剤分散液 3、 乳化剤として 1 . 6重量部の 1 0 %ネオゲン S C水溶液、 及び 3 8 2重量部の脱塩水を仕込んだ。 窒素気流下で 9 0 °Cに昇温 してから、 重合開始剤として 1 . 6重量部の 8 %過酸化水素水溶液と 1 . 6重量部 の 8 %ァスコルビン酸水溶液とを添加した。  In a reactor equipped with a stirrer, a heating / cooling device, a concentrating device, and a raw material charging device, 14.5 parts by weight of a dispersion liquid of an internal release agent 3, and 1.6 parts by weight of an emulsifier as a 10% aqueous solution of 10% neogen SC , And 382 parts by weight of demineralized water were charged. After the temperature was raised to 90 ° C. under a nitrogen stream, 1.6 parts by weight of an 8% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and 1.6 parts by weight of an 8% aqueous ascorbic acid solution were added as polymerization initiators.
その後、 下記のモノマー/乳化剤混合液を少量滴下して重合の開始を確認して から、 残りを 5時間かけて滴下した。 重合を継続するため重合開始から下記の開 始剤水溶液を 6時間かけて滴下し、 その後さらに 3 0分間攪拌した。  Thereafter, a small amount of the following monomer / emulsifier mixed solution was added dropwise to confirm the initiation of polymerization, and the rest was added dropwise over 5 hours. To continue the polymerization, the following aqueous initiator solution was added dropwise over 6 hours from the start of the polymerization, and the mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes.
モノマー, z乳化剤混合液 重量部 (重量) Monomer, z emulsifier mixture liquid parts by weight (weight)
スチレン 7 9 ( 3 9 5 g )  Styrene 7 9 (395 g)
ァクリル酸ブチル 2 1  Butyl acrylate 2 1
ァクリル酸 3  Acrylic acid 3
ブロモトリクロロメタン 0 . 4 5  Bromotrichloromethane 0.4 5
2—メルカプトエタノール 0 . 0 1  2-Mercaptoethanol 0.0 1
1 0 %ネオゲン S C水溶液 1  10% Neogen SC aqueous solution 1
脱塩水 2 5  Demineralized water 2 5
開始剤水溶液 Initiator aqueous solution
8 %過酸化水素水溶液  8% hydrogen peroxide solution
8 %ァスコルビン酸水溶液  8% ascorbic acid aqueous solution
乳白色の重合体一次粒子分散液 Cが得られた。 重合体のテトラヒドロフラン可 溶分の重量平均分子量は 6 4, 9 0 2であり、 U P Aで測定した平均粒子径は 1 6 8 n mであつた。  A milky white polymer primary particle dispersion C was obtained. The weight-average molecular weight of the tetrahydrofuran-soluble component of the polymer was 64,902, and the average particle size measured by UPA was 168 nm.
現像用トナー 3の製造  Production of developing toner 3
1 0 0重量部 (2 3 6 g ) の重合体一次粒子 Cと 0 . 5重量部の 1 0 %ネオゲ ン S C水溶液を反応器に仕込んだ。 均一に混合してから、 7重量部の着色剤微粒 子分散液 Aを添加した。 均一に混合してから、 その分散液を攪拌しながら、 6 . 3重量部の硫酸アルミニウム水溶液を滴下した。 撹拌しながら 4 0分かけて 6 5 °Cに昇温してから 6 0分保持し、 さらに 1 5分かけて 7 0 °Cに昇温して 1 0分保 持した。 5重量部の樹脂微粒子分散液 A、 及び 0 . 7重量部の硫酸アルミニウム 水溶液をこの順に添加して 3 0分保持した。 3 . 2重量部の 1 0 /0ネォゲン3じ 水溶液と 3 7 4重量部の脱塩水を添加してから 6 0分かけて 9 6 °Cまで昇温して 3時間保持した。 冷却し、 濾過し、 水洗し、 そして乾燥することにより トナー 3 を得た。 以上の各成分の重量は、 脱塩水を除いて固形分に換算したものである。 100 parts by weight (236 g) of the polymer primary particles C and 0.5 parts by weight of 10% neogene A SC aqueous solution was charged into the reactor. After uniform mixing, 7 parts by weight of colorant fine particle dispersion A was added. After mixing uniformly, 6.3 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate was added dropwise while stirring the dispersion. With stirring, the temperature was raised to 65 ° C. over 40 minutes, maintained for 60 minutes, and further raised to 70 ° C. over 15 minutes and maintained for 10 minutes. 5 parts by weight of a resin fine particle dispersion A and 0.7 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate were added in this order and kept for 30 minutes. 3.2 parts by weight of 10 / . After adding an aqueous solution of neogen 3 and 374 parts by weight of demineralized water, the temperature was raised to 96 ° C. over 60 minutes and maintained for 3 hours. The mixture was cooled, filtered, washed with water, and dried to obtain Toner 3. The weight of each of the above components is converted to solid content excluding demineralized water.
1 0 0重量部のトナー 3に、 疎水表面処理をした 1重量部のシリカを混合して 撹拌し、 現像用トナー 3を得た。  One hundred parts by weight of toner 3 and 1 part by weight of silica subjected to hydrophobic surface treatment were mixed and stirred to obtain toner 3 for development.
現像用トナー 3の評価  Evaluation of toner for development 3
現像用トナー 3のコールターカウンタ一による体積平均粒径は 7 . 6 ; mであ り、 体積平均粒径と数平均粒径の比は 1 . 1 1であった。 現像用トナー 3は、 定 着速度 1 2 0 m m / sでは 1 6 0〜 2 1 0 °Cで定着し、 定着速度 3 0 m m Z sで は 1 3 0〜 1 7 0 °Cで定着した。 実施例 2 6  The volume average particle diameter of the developing toner 3 measured by a Coulter counter was 7.6; m, and the ratio of the volume average particle diameter to the number average particle diameter was 1.11. Developing toner 3 was fixed at 160 to 210 ° C at a fixing speed of 120 mm / s, and was fixed at 130 to 170 ° C at a fixing speed of 30 mmZs. . Example 26
乳化重合凝集法による トナーの調製 Preparation of toner by emulsion polymerization aggregation method
重合体一次粒子分散液 Dの調製  Preparation of polymer primary particle dispersion D
攪拌装置、 加熱冷却装置、 濃縮装置、 及び原料仕込み装置を備えた反応器に 1 6 . 4重量部の内添離型剤分散液 1、 乳化剤として 2 . 4重量部の 1 0 %ネオゲン S C水溶液、 及び 3 8 3重量部の脱塩水を仕込んだ。 窒素気流下で 9 0 °Cに昇温 してから、 重合開始剤として 1 . 6重量部の 8 % '過酸化水素水溶液と 1 . 6重量部 の 8 96ァスコルビン酸水溶液とを添加した。  In a reactor equipped with a stirrer, a heating / cooling device, a concentrating device, and a raw material charging device, 16.4 parts by weight of an internal release agent dispersion liquid 1 and 2.4 parts by weight of an emulsifier in a 10% aqueous solution of 10% neogen SC , And 383 parts by weight of demineralized water were charged. After the temperature was raised to 90 ° C. under a nitrogen stream, 1.6 parts by weight of an 8% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and 1.6 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of 896 ascorbic acid were added as polymerization initiators.
その後、 下記のモノマー. z乳化剤混合液を少量滴下して重合の開始を確認して から、 残りを 5時間かけて滴下した。 重合を継続するため重合開始から下記の開 始剤水溶液を 6時間かけて滴下し、 その後さらに 3 0分間攪拌した。 モノマー Z乳化剤混合液 重量部 (重量) Thereafter, a small amount of the following monomer.z emulsifier mixed solution was added dropwise to confirm the initiation of polymerization, and the rest was added dropwise over 5 hours. To continue the polymerization, the following aqueous initiator solution was added dropwise over 6 hours from the start of the polymerization, and the mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes. Monomer Z emulsifier mixture liquid parts by weight (weight)
7 6 ( 3 0 4 g )  7 6 (304 g)
ァクリル酸ブチル 2 4  Butyl acrylate 2 4
ァクリル酸 3  Acrylic acid 3
へキサンジオールジァクリレ一ト 0 . 9  Hexanediol diacrylate 0.9
プロモトリクロロメタン 0 . 4 5  Promotrichloromethane 0.45
2—メルカプトエタノール 0 . 0 1  2-Mercaptoethanol 0.0 1
1 0 %ネオゲン S C水溶液 1  10% Neogen SC aqueous solution 1
脱塩水 2 5  Demineralized water 2 5
開始剤水溶液 Initiator aqueous solution
8 ,%過酸化水素水溶液 1 1  8% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution 1 1
8 0 ァスコルビン酸水溶液 1 1 8 0 Asukorubin acid aqueous solution of 1 1
乳白色の重合体一次粒子分散液 Dが得られた。 重合体のテトラヒドロフラン可 溶分の重量平均分子量は 5 3, 7 1 6であり、 U P Aで測定した平均粒子径は 1 9 1 . 4 n mであつた。  A milky white polymer primary particle dispersion D was obtained. The weight average molecular weight of the tetrahydrofuran-soluble component of the polymer was 53, 716, and the average particle size measured by UPA was 191.4 nm.
現像用トナー 4の製造  Manufacture of developing toner 4
1 0 0重量部 (2 3 6 g ) の重合体一次粒子 Dと 0 . 5重量部の 1 0 %ネオゲ ン S C水溶液を反応器に仕込んだ。 均一に混合してから、 7重量部の着色剤微粒 子分散液 Aを添加した。 均一に混合してから、 その分散液を攪拌しながら、 6 . 3重量部の硫酸アルミニウム水溶液を滴下した。 撹拌しながら 4 0分かけて 6 5 °Cに昇温してから 6 0分保持し、 さらに 1 5分かけて 7 0 °Cに昇温して 1 0分保 持した。 5重量部の樹脂微粒子分散液 A、 及び 0 . 7重量部の硫酸アルミニウム 水溶液をこの順に添加して 3 0分保持した。 3 . 2重量部の 1 0 %ネオゲン S C 水溶液と 3 7 4重量部の脱塩水を添加してから 6 0分かけて 9 6 °Cまで昇温して 3時間保持した。 冷却し、 濾過し、 水洗し、 そして乾燥することにより トナー 4 を得た。 以上の各成分の重量は、 脱塩水を除いて固形分に換算したものである。  100 parts by weight (236 g) of polymer primary particles D and 0.5 part by weight of a 10% aqueous solution of neogen SC were charged into a reactor. After uniform mixing, 7 parts by weight of colorant fine particle dispersion A was added. After mixing uniformly, 6.3 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate was added dropwise while stirring the dispersion. With stirring, the temperature was raised to 65 ° C. over 40 minutes, maintained for 60 minutes, and further raised to 70 ° C. over 15 minutes and maintained for 10 minutes. 5 parts by weight of a resin fine particle dispersion A and 0.7 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate were added in this order and kept for 30 minutes. After adding 3.2 parts by weight of a 10% aqueous solution of neogen SC and 374 parts by weight of demineralized water, the temperature was raised to 96 ° C. over 60 minutes and maintained for 3 hours. It was cooled, filtered, washed with water, and dried to obtain Toner 4. The weight of each of the above components is converted to solid content excluding demineralized water.
1 0 0重量部のトナー 4に、 疎水表面処理をした 1重量部のシリカを混合して 撹拌し、 現像用トナー 4を得た。 現像用トナー 4の評価 One hundred parts by weight of toner 4 and one part by weight of silica subjected to a hydrophobic surface treatment were mixed and stirred to obtain toner 4 for development. Evaluation of developing toner 4
現像用トナー 4のコールターカウンタ一による体積平均粒径は 7. 0 /zmであ り、 体積平均粒径と数平均粒径の比は 1. 1 7であった。 現像用トナー 4は、 定 着速度 1 2 0 mm,'' sでは 1 8 0〜 2 2 0 °C以上で定着し、 定着速度 3 0 mm sでは 1 4 0〜2 2 0 °C以上で定着した。  The volume average particle size of the developing toner 4 measured by a Coulter counter was 7.0 / zm, and the ratio of the volume average particle size to the number average particle size was 1.17. The developing toner 4 is fixed at a fixing speed of 120 mm, '' s at 180 to 220 ° C or higher, and at a fixing speed of 30 mms at 140 to 220 ° C or higher. Established.

Claims

請 求 の 範 囲 The scope of the claims
1. 一般式 ( 1 ) : 1. General formula (1):
R R R  R R R
_ I I I  _ I I I
5 R- S i 0-(S i 0)n- S i -R ( 1)  5 R- S i 0- (S i 0) n- S i -R (1)
I I I  I I I
R" R' R"  R "R 'R"
(式中、  (Where
Rは、 炭素数 1〜8のアルキル基又は炭素数 6〜1 0のァリール基を表し ; R' 及び R" は、 それぞれ独立して、 R、 R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; R ′ and R ″ each independently represent R,
0 (a) 炭素数 1 6〜3 0 0の長鎖アルキル基;又はへテロ原子 1〜 1 0を含有 する炭素数 1 6〜3 0 0のへテロ原子含有長鎖有機基であって、 C2 15アルキレ ン又は C2 15アルキレン一 C 0—を介してポリシロキサン鎖に結合しているへテ 口原子含有長鎖有機基、 及び 0 (a) a long-chain alkyl group having 16 to 300 carbon atoms; or a long-chain organic group containing 16 to 300 carbon atoms containing 1 to 10 hetero atoms, C 2 15 alkylene emissions or C 2 15 alkylene one C 0- a through polysiloxane chains bonded to terrorist atom-containing long-chain organic groups to have and,
(b) 水素原子;炭素数 1〜8のアルコキシ基;又は、 前記 C2_15アルキレン5 又は C2 15アルキレン—CO と、 そのポリシロキサン結合端の他端に存在する ヘテロ原子とを含んでなる炭素数 2〜1 5の基 (b) a hydrogen atom; an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; or, wherein the C 2 _ 15 alkylene 5 or C 2 15 alkylene -CO, and a hetero atom present in the other end of the polysiloxane bond end Groups with 2 to 15 carbon atoms
を表し ; そして  Represents; and
nは 3〜2 0 0の整数を表す。  n represents an integer of 3 to 200.
但し、存在する R 'の総数の 0〜 7 5 %が Rであり、 2 5〜 1 0 0.0 0が前記( a )0 の基であり、 そして、 残りが前記 (b) の基である。 ) However, 0-7 5% of the total number of existing R 'is R, is 2 5-1 0 0.0 0 said (a) 0 group, and, under the remainder said (b) is there. )
で表されるヮックス状オルガノポリシ口キサンであつて、 示差走査熱量計で吸熱 特性を測定したときに得られる吸熱曲線において、 5 0°C以下で融解する画分の 吸熱ピーク面積が全ピーク面積の 5 0 %以下であるヮックス状オルガノポリシ口 キサン。 In the endothermic curve obtained by measuring the endothermic characteristics with a differential scanning calorimeter, the endothermic peak area of the fraction that melts at 50 ° C or less is the total peak area. 50% or less of the organopolysiloxane of the present invention.
5 2. (a) のへテロ原子含有長鎖有機基が酸素原子若しくは窒素原子 1〜 5 を含有する炭素数 2 0〜 1 0 0の基である、 請求項 1記載のワックス状オルガノ ポリシロキサン。 5 2. The waxy organopolysiloxane according to claim 1, wherein the heteroatom-containing long-chain organic group of (a) is a group having 20 to 100 carbon atoms containing 1 to 5 oxygen atoms or nitrogen atoms. .
3. (a) のへテロ原子含有長鎖有機基が、 アルコキシカルボニルアルキル 基、 アルキルアミノカルボニルアルキル基、 アルキルカルボニルォキシアルキル 基、 アルコキシアルキル基、 アルキルカルボニルォキシ (2—ヒ ドロキシ) プロ ピルォキシアルキル基、 アルキルカルボニルァミノアルキル基、 アルキルァミノ カルボニルァミノアルキル基、 アルコキシカルボニルァミノアルキル基、 アルコ キシカルボニルァミノアルキルァミノアルキル基、 又はアルキルカルボニルァミ ノアルキルアミノアルキル基である、 請求項 2記載のワックス状オルガノポリシ ロキサン。 3. The heteroatom-containing long-chain organic group of (a) is an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group, an alkylaminocarbonylalkyl group, an alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl Group, alkoxyalkyl group, alkylcarbonyloxy (2-hydroxy) propyloxyalkyl group, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl group, alkylaminocarbonylaminoalkyl group, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl group, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl group 3. The waxy organopolysiloxane according to claim 2, which is an aminoalkyl group or an alkylcarbonylaminoalkylaminoalkyl group.
4 . Rがメチル基である、 請求項 1〜3記載のワックス状オルガノポリシ口 キサン。  4. The waxy organopolysiloxane according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein R is a methyl group.
5 . 示差走査熱量計で吸熱特性を測定したときに得られる吸熱曲線にお 、 て、 吸熱最大ピーク温度が 4 0〜 1 5 0 °Cである、 請求項 1〜 4のいずれか 1項 に記載のヮックス状オルガノポリシ口キサン。  5. The endothermic curve obtained when the endothermic characteristic is measured by a differential scanning calorimeter, wherein the maximum endothermic peak temperature is 40 to 150 ° C, according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The siloxane-like organopolysiloxane described in the above.
6 . 請求項 1〜 5のいずれか 1項に記載のヮックス状オルガノポリシロキサ ンを静電荷像現像用トナーに内添することを含んでなる、 静電荷像現像用トナー の離型性を向上させる方法。  6. The releasability of the electrostatic image developing toner, which comprises internally adding the hexagonal organopolysiloxane according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to the electrostatic image developing toner. How to improve.
7 . 請求項 1〜 5のいずれか 1項に記載のヮックス状オルガノポリシ口キサ ン及び結着樹脂を含んでなる静電荷像現像用トナー組成物。  7. A toner composition for developing an electrostatic charge image, comprising the hexagonal organopolysiloxane according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and a binder resin.
8 . 静電荷像現像用トナー組成物の製造方法であって、  8. A method for producing a toner composition for developing an electrostatic image, comprising:
( a ) 少なくとも請求項 1〜 5のいずれか 1項に記載のヮックス状オルガノポ リシロキサンと結着樹脂モノマーとを含んでなる混合物を調製する工程;  (a) preparing a mixture comprising at least the phenolic organopolysiloxane according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and a binder resin monomer;
( b ) 前記混合物中のモノマ一を重合反応に付する工程:及び  (b) subjecting the monomers in the mixture to a polymerization reaction; and
( c ) 得られた重合物を回収する工程  (c) a step of collecting the obtained polymer
を含んでなる方法。 A method comprising:
9 . 前記重合が懸濁重合法又は乳化重合法で行われる、請求項 8記載の方法。 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the polymerization is performed by a suspension polymerization method or an emulsion polymerization method.
1 0 . 前記混合物が更に多官能性モノマーを含んでなる、請求項 8記載の方法。10. The method of claim 8, wherein said mixture further comprises a polyfunctional monomer.
1 1 . 請求項 S記載の方法により得られる静電荷像現像用 トナー組成物。 11. A toner composition for electrostatic image development obtained by the method according to claim S.
PCT/JP2002/002420 2001-03-15 2002-03-14 Waxy organopolysiloxane and toner composition containing the same WO2002077071A1 (en)

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WO2004099290A1 (en) * 2003-05-12 2004-11-18 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Silicone wax
WO2006028265A1 (en) * 2004-09-06 2006-03-16 Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd. Cosmetic waxy organopolysiloxanes and cosmetics containing the same
KR101294554B1 (en) 2008-04-02 2013-08-07 와커 헤미 아게 WAX-LIKE β-KETOCARBONYL-FUNCTIONAL ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS

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WO2006028265A1 (en) * 2004-09-06 2006-03-16 Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd. Cosmetic waxy organopolysiloxanes and cosmetics containing the same
KR101294554B1 (en) 2008-04-02 2013-08-07 와커 헤미 아게 WAX-LIKE β-KETOCARBONYL-FUNCTIONAL ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS

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