WO2001031747A1 - Agrupaciones multibanda de antenas entrelazadas - Google Patents
Agrupaciones multibanda de antenas entrelazadas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001031747A1 WO2001031747A1 PCT/ES1999/000343 ES9900343W WO0131747A1 WO 2001031747 A1 WO2001031747 A1 WO 2001031747A1 ES 9900343 W ES9900343 W ES 9900343W WO 0131747 A1 WO0131747 A1 WO 0131747A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- grouping
- multiband
- elements
- antennas
- monoband
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
- H01Q5/42—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more imbricated arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/24—Cell structures
Definitions
- the present invention consists of groups of antennas that can operate simultaneously in several frequency bands thanks to the physical arrangement of the elements that compose it, as well as the multiband behavior of some elements strategically located in the grouping.
- the configuration of the grouping is described by the juxtaposition or interlacing of several conventional monoband clusters operating in the different bands of interest. In those positions in which elements of different multiband clusters converge, a multiband antenna is used that covers the different locking frequency bands.
- Interlaced Grouping Mult band AEM
- AEM Interlaced Grouping Mult band
- the present invention has its application within the field of telecommunications and more specifically in radiocommunication systems.
- the antennas began to develop at the end of the last century after James C. Maxwell in 1864 postulated the fundamental laws of electromagnetism. Hem ⁇ ch Hertz in 1886 should be credited with inventing the first antenna with which he demonstrated the transmission in the air of electromagnetic waves. In the mid-forties the fundamental restrictions of the antennas were demonstrated in terms of their reduction in size relative to the wavelength and in the early sixties the first antennas independent of frequency appear
- these antennas are not used in cellular telephone base stations because they do not have sufficient gain (their gain is of the order of 10 dBi when about 17 dBi are usually required for such an application), they usually present linear polarization while in said Antennas with polarization diversity are required, their diagram in the horizontal plane does not have the required width and its mechanical structure is too cumbersome.
- a Multiband Interlaced Grouping consists of a group of antennas that has the peculiarity of being able to operate simultaneously in several frequency bands. This is achieved through the use of multiband antennas in strategic positions of the cluster or array.
- the arrangement of the elements that make up the AEM is obtained from the juxtaposition of conventional single-band groupings, using as many single-band groupings as frequency bands wishing to be incorporated into the multi-band interlaced group. In those positions in which one or more elements from the conventional monoband clusters coincide, a single multiband antenna (element) that simultaneously covers the different bands will be used.
- the same multi-band antenna can also be used or a conventional single-band antenna operating at the corresponding frequency can be used.
- the excitation at one or several frequencies of each element of the grouping depends on the position of the element. in the cluster and is controlled by the signal distribution network.
- Figure 1 shows the position of the elements of two classic single-band groupings operating at frequencies f and f respectively, and the arrangement of elements in a multi-band interlaced group, which has a dual frequency behavior (at frequencies f and f / 2), operating in the same way as classical groupings but with a smaller total number of elements.
- Figure 2 shows another particular example of interwoven multiband grouping but with three frequencies in this case, and the respective three classic monoband clusters that compose it. This is the extension of the case in Figure 1 to 3 frequencies f, f / 2 and f / 4.
- Figure 3 shows another particular example of interwoven multiband clustering, in which the different operating frequencies are not separated by the same scale factor. This is the extension of the case of Figures 1 and 2 to 3 frequencies f, f / 2 and f / 3.
- Figure 4 shows a new particular example of interwoven multiband clustering, in which the different operating frequencies do not They are separated by the same scale factor. This is the extension of the case in Figure 3 to 3 frequencies f, f / 3 and f / 4.
- Figure 5 shows a multiband interlaced grouping configuration that requires repositioning of the elements to achieve frequencies that do not correspond to an integer divisor of the higher frequency.
- the frequencies f, f / 2 and f / 2, 33 have been chosen.
- Figure 6 shows the extension of the design of an AEM to the two-dimensional or three-dimensional case, specifically, an extension of the example of Figure 1 to two dimensions.
- Figure 7 shows one of the preferred modes (AEM1) of operation. It is an AEM grouping in which multiband elements are multitriangular elements. The grouping operates simultaneously at double frequencies, for example in the GSM 900 and GSM 1800 band.
- Figure 8 shows another of the preferred modes (AEM2) of operation. It is an AEM grouping in which multiband elements are multilevel elements. The grouping operates simultaneously at double frequencies, for example in the GSM 900 and GSM 1800 band.
- Figure 9 shows another of the preferred modes (AEM3) of operation. It is an AEM grouping in which multiband elements are multilevel elements. The configuration is similar to that of Figure 8 (AEM2 mode), with the difference that the new arrangement allows reducing the overall width of the antenna.
- Figure 10 shows another example of a multiband antenna that can be used in AEMs. It is a stacked patch antenna, which in this specific example operates at two double frequencies
- GSM 900 and GSM 1800 for example, GSM 900 and GSM 1800.
- Figure 11 shows the arrangement of these patches in the AEM type pool (AEM4 configuration). Note that, unlike the previous cases, in this case only multiband antennas are used in positions where it is strictly necessary; in the others, single band elements are used whose radiation pattern is sufficiently similar to that of the multiband element in the corresponding band.
- Figure 12 shows another configuration
- a multiband interlaced grouping is constituted by the juxtaposition of several conventional monoband clusters.
- Conventional antenna clusters usually have a monoband behavior (that is, they operate in a small relative range of frequencies, typically of the order of 10% around a central frequency) and this is due not only to the elements (antennas) that The constitute have a monoband behavior, but the physical spacing between elements determines the working wavelength.
- conventional monoband clusters are designed with a separation between elements of the order of half a wavelength, spacing that can be increased in some configurations to gain directivity, although it is usually kept below a wavelength to avoid the appearance of lobes of diffraction.
- Interlaced multiband groupings base their operation on the physical arrangement of the antennas that compose it and on the particular type of element that is used in some strategic positions of the group.
- the positions of the elements in an AEM are determined from the positions of the elements in as many monoband groupings as frequencies or frequency bands are required.
- the design of the grouping is, in that sense, the same as that of the single-band clusters, insofar as the current weight in each element can be chosen, to form the radiation pattern according to the needs of each application.
- the configuration of the AEM is obtained from the juxtaposition of the positions of the different monoband groups. Naturally, such juxtaposition results from difficult practical realization in those positions where several antennas of the different groupings coincide;
- the solution proposed in this invention is to use a multiband antenna (for example, fractal, multitriangular, multilevel, etc.) that covers all frequencies associated with its position.
- a basic and particular example of how to arrange the elements in an AEM is described in the
- the grouping (1.3) has a dual behavior in frequency (at frequencies f and f / 2), operating in the same way as the clusters (1.1) and (1.2) but with a smaller total number of elements (12 instead of 16).
- multiband antennas Multiple examples are already described in the state of the art. Fractal geometry antennas, multit ⁇ angular antennas, multilevel antennas even stacked patch antennas are some examples of antennas capable of operating similarly in multiple frequency bands. These, and other multiband elements can be used in the positions of the AEMs in which elements of several monoband clusters converge.
- Figures 3, 4 and 5 describe, by way of example and without limitation, the design of other AEMs based on the same principle although at other frequencies.
- the frequencies used are multiple integers of a fundamental frequency; in the case of figure 5 the relationship between frequencies is not restricted to any particular rule, although it is an example of grouping where the frequencies of the GSM 900, GSM 1800 and UMTS services can be combined.
- Figure 3 illustrates another particular example of interwoven multiband clustering, in which the different operating frequencies are not separated by the same factor of scale. This is the extension of the case of Figures 1 and 2 to 3 frequencies f, f / 2 and f / 3.
- the arrangement of elements of the three classic mono-band groupings at frequencies f, f / 2 and f / 3 are represented in figures (3.1), (3.2) and (3.3) by black circles, circumferences and squares respectively.
- the column in Figure (3.4) shows the arrangement of elements in the interlaced grouping t ⁇ banda.
- a multiband element In those positions where elements of the three groups come together (in the drawing indicated by the juxtaposition of the different geometric figures identifying each group) a multiband element is used; the same strategy is followed in those positions where elements of two groups coincide: a multiband element capable of covering the frequencies of its position should be used, preferably the same element as that used in the other positions, selecting through the excitation network those frequencies that are necessary. Note how the three-frequency grouping of figure (3.4) behaves in the same way as the three groups (3.1), (3.2) and (3.3) in their respective operating frequencies, but using only 12 elements instead of the 21 required in the total of the three monoband groups.
- Figure 4 describes a new particular example of multiband interlaced grouping, in which the different operating frequencies are not separated by the same scale factor. This is the extension of the case of Figure 3 to 3 frequencies f, f / 3 and f / 4.
- the arrangement of elements of the three classic mono-band groupings at frequencies f, f / 3 and f / 4 are represented in figures (4.1), (4.2) and (4.3) by black circles, circumferences and squares respectively.
- the column in Figure (4.4) shows the arrangement of elements in the interlaced grouping t ⁇ banda. In those positions where elements of the three groupings would converge (in the drawing indicated by the juxtaposition of the different geometric figures identifying each group) a multiband element is used.
- the frequency group of Figure (4.4) behaves in the same way as the three groups (4.1), (4.2) and (4.3) in their respective operating frequencies, but using only 15 elements instead of the 24 required in the total of the three monoband groups.
- the groups can operate at 3 frequencies simultaneously.
- the arrangement of elements is such that the three frequencies in all elements do not always coincide; however, using a tri-band antenna in these positions and selecting the operating frequencies for example by means of a - one ?
- Figure 6 illustrates how the configuration of AEM groupings is not limited to the linear case
- the AEM1 configuration is based on the use of multitriangular elements GSM 900 and GSM 1800.
- the grouping is obtained by interlacing two conventional monoband groupings of spacing between elements less than a wavelength () in the corresponding band ( typically a spacing of less than 0.9 is chosen to minimize the appearance of the diffraction lobe in the endfire direction).
- the original groupings can be 8 or 10 elements depending on the gain required by the operator.
- the juxtaposition of both groups in a single AEM grouping is achieved in this case using dual multi-angle elements.
- Such elements incorporate two excitation points (one for each band), which allows to select the operating band according to its position in the array.
- Figure 7 describes the position of the elements, as well as their operating frequency.
- the elements represented in white indicate operation in the GSM 900 band; the elements represented in black indicate operation in the GSM 1800 band and the elements marked in black in their lower triangle and in white in the two upper triangles indicate simultaneous operation in both bands.
- the mode of feeding the elements of the AEM1 grouping is not characteristic of the invention of the AEMs and can be resorted to any known conventional scheme.
- an independent distribution network can be used for each band.
- Another alternative is to use a broadband or dual band distribution network, by coupling a combiner / diplexer that interconnects the network and the two excitation points of the multi-angle antenna.
- the antenna can therefore be presented with two input / output connectors (one for each band), or it can be combined into a single connector through a combiner / diplexer network.
- This particular configuration of AEM2, represented in Figure 8, is based on a multimvel antenna that acts as a multiband element.
- the antenna In addition to operating simultaneously in the GSM 900 and GSM 1800 bands, the antenna also features double linear polarization at + 45 ° and -45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the grouping.
- the fact that the antenna is double polarized is an advantage additional for the cell phone operator, since in this way it manages to implement a diversity system that minimizes the effect of fading due to multicam propagation.
- the multilevel element described in Figure 8 is more suitable than the multit ⁇ angular element described above since the element itself has a linear polarization at + 45 ° in GSM 900 and -45 ° in GSM 1800.
- Clustering is obtained by interlacing two conventional monoband groupings of spacing between elements less than a wavelength () in the corresponding band (typically spacing less than 0.9 is chosen to minimize the appearance of the diffraction lobe in the endfire direction).
- the original groupings can be 8 or 10 elements depending on the gain required by the operator.
- the juxtaposition of both groups in a single AEM group is achieved in this case using dual band-level mutilevel elements.
- Such elements incorporate two excitation points (one for each band), which allows to select the operating band according to its position in the array.
- Figure 8 describes the position of the elements, as well as their operating frequency.
- the elements represented in white indicate operation in the GSM 900 band; the elements represented in black indicate operation in the GSM 1800 band and the elements marked in black in its lower and blank triangle in the upper triangles indicate simultaneous operation in both bands.
- Double polarization can be achieved by exciting the multimvel element at several points on its surface; However, in order to increase the insulation between connectors of different polarization, the example described is to implement a double column to separate the polarization of + 45 ° (left column) from that of -45 ° (right column). To increase the isolation between bands, the polarization inclination can even be exchanged in the columns of the grouping in one of the bands (for example in DCS).
- the mode of feeding the elements of the AEM2 grouping is not characteristic of the invention of the AEMs and can be resorted to any known conventional scheme.
- an independent distribution network can be used for each band and polarization.
- Another alternative is to use a broadband or dual band distribution network, coupling a combiner / diplexer that connects the network and the two excitation points of the multilevel antenna.
- the antenna can therefore be presented with four input / output connectors (one for each band and polarization), or combined into only two connectors (one for each independent polarization) through a combiner / diplexer network at each polarization.
- the AEM3 configuration is very similar to AEM2 (the position of the multilevel elements and the type of element itself is the same as in the previous case), with the proviso that the column on the right is inverted with respect to the one on the left.
- AEM3 configuration is very similar to AEM2 (the position of the multilevel elements and the type of element itself is the same as in the previous case), with the proviso that the column on the right is inverted with respect to the one on the left.
- a double-band and polarization antenna is achieved, reducing the total width of the antenna with respect to the interior case (in this particular example the width is reduced by 10%).
- oblique fins between adjacent elements In that case, lateral fins are also incorporated in all the elements that operate in GSM 1800, fins that contribute to narrow the radiation beam in the horizontal plane (plane orthogonal to the longitudinal e of the grouping).
- the signal distribution scheme is also not particularly characteristic of the AEM configuration and the same scheme as in the previous case can be used.
- interwoven multiband clustering is what we call AEM4 and is outlined in Figure 11.
- the multiband element is an antenna of stacked square patches (Figure 10), although it is obvious to any person skilled in the art that patches of other geometries could also be used. Square or circular type geometries are preferred in case it is desired to operate in double polarization. The particular case of square patches is described in the example of Figure 10.
- the lower patch is adequately sized so that its resonance frequency (typically associated with the fundamental mode of the patch) matches the lower band (GSM 900 in this particular case);
- this patch acts as a mass plane of the upper patch.
- the latter is sized so that its resonance is centered in the upper band (GSM 1800).
- the elements of the grouping are mounted on a metallic or metallic surface that acts as a ground plane for all the elements of the grouping.
- the feeding system is preferably coaxial, with a cable for the lower patch and band and another for the upper patch and band.
- the excitation points are placed in the bisectors of the patches (as an example the approximate excitation points are marked by circles in the top view of the antenna) if vertical or horizontal polarization is desired, or in the diagonal ones if on the contrary it is desired linear polarization inclined 45 °. If it is desired that the grouping operates in double polarization, it is further excited each of the patches on the bisector or diagonal opposite (orthogonal) to the previous one.
- the feeding of the elements of the AEM4 grouping is not characteristic of the invention of the AEMs and can be resorted to any known conventional scheme.
- an independent distribution network can be used for each band and polarization.
- Another alternative is to use a broadband or dual band distribution network, coupling a combiner / diplexer that connects the network and the two excitation points of the multilevel antenna.
- the antenna can therefore be presented with four input / output connectors (one for each band and polarization), or combined into only two connectors (one for each independent polarization) through a combiner / diplexer network at each polarization.
- AEM5 MODE The AEM5 configuration, represented in the
- Figure 12 follows the same philosophy as AEM4, although all elements are rotated 45 ° in the antenna plane. In this way it is possible to modify the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane, in addition to rotating the polarization 45 °. It is interesting to note that in both the AEM4 and the AEM5 configuration, the multiband element consisting of stacked patches is only strictly necessary in those strategic positions in which elements from conventional monoband clusters coincide. In the other positions, multiband or monoband elements that operate at the frequency determined by their location may be used interchangeably, as long as their radiation pattern is sufficiently similar to that of the stacked patch antenna to prevent the appearance of diffraction lobes .
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
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- Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (21)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR9917541-0A BR9917541A (pt) | 1999-10-26 | 1999-10-26 | Disposição de elementos em uma antena com diversas faixas de freq ência |
EP99953985A EP1227545B1 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 1999-10-26 | Interlaced multiband antenna arrays |
ES99953985T ES2205898T3 (es) | 1999-10-26 | 1999-10-26 | Agrupaciones multibanda de antenas entrelazadas. |
DE69910847A DE69910847D1 (de) | 1999-10-26 | 1999-10-26 | Ineinandergeschachtelte mehrbandgruppenantennen |
AU10467/00A AU1046700A (en) | 1999-10-26 | 1999-10-26 | Interlaced multiband antenna arrays |
DE69910847T DE69910847T4 (de) | 1999-10-26 | 1999-10-26 | Ineinandergeschachtelte mehrbandgruppenantennen |
CNB998170224A CN1196231C (zh) | 1999-10-26 | 1999-10-26 | 交织多频带天线阵 |
MXPA02004221A MXPA02004221A (es) | 1999-10-26 | 1999-10-26 | Agrupaciones multibanda de antenas entrelazadas. |
DK99953985T DK1227545T3 (da) | 1999-10-26 | 1999-10-26 | Interlacede flerbåndsantennearrangementer |
JP2001533596A JP2003513496A (ja) | 1999-10-26 | 1999-10-26 | インタレースマルチバンドアンテナアレイ |
PCT/ES1999/000343 WO2001031747A1 (es) | 1999-10-26 | 1999-10-26 | Agrupaciones multibanda de antenas entrelazadas |
AT99953985T ATE248443T1 (de) | 1999-10-26 | 1999-10-26 | Ineinandergeschachtelte mehrbandgruppenantennen |
US10/135,019 US6937191B2 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2002-04-23 | Interlaced multiband antenna arrays |
US10/935,559 US20050030247A1 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2004-09-07 | Interlaced multiband antenna arrays |
US10/988,261 US7250918B2 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2004-11-12 | Interlaced multiband antenna arrays |
US11/803,782 US7557768B2 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2007-05-16 | Interlaced multiband antenna arrays |
US12/476,308 US7932870B2 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2009-06-02 | Interlaced multiband antenna arrays |
US13/044,831 US8228256B2 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2011-03-10 | Interlaced multiband antenna arrays |
US13/530,249 US8896493B2 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2012-06-22 | Interlaced multiband antenna arrays |
US14/529,715 US9905940B2 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2014-10-31 | Interlaced multiband antenna arrays |
US15/875,831 US20180145424A1 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2018-01-19 | Interlaced Multiband Antenna Arrays |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES1999/000343 WO2001031747A1 (es) | 1999-10-26 | 1999-10-26 | Agrupaciones multibanda de antenas entrelazadas |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/135,019 Continuation US6937191B2 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2002-04-23 | Interlaced multiband antenna arrays |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001031747A1 true WO2001031747A1 (es) | 2001-05-03 |
Family
ID=8307385
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES1999/000343 WO2001031747A1 (es) | 1999-10-26 | 1999-10-26 | Agrupaciones multibanda de antenas entrelazadas |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (9) | US6937191B2 (es) |
EP (1) | EP1227545B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JP2003513496A (es) |
CN (1) | CN1196231C (es) |
AT (1) | ATE248443T1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU1046700A (es) |
BR (1) | BR9917541A (es) |
DE (2) | DE69910847D1 (es) |
DK (1) | DK1227545T3 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2205898T3 (es) |
MX (1) | MXPA02004221A (es) |
WO (1) | WO2001031747A1 (es) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP4012733B2 (ja) | 1999-09-20 | 2007-11-21 | フラクトゥス・ソシエダッド・アノニマ | マルチレベルアンテナ |
ES2205898T3 (es) | 1999-10-26 | 2004-05-01 | Fractus, S.A. | Agrupaciones multibanda de antenas entrelazadas. |
DE10256960B3 (de) | 2002-12-05 | 2004-07-29 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Zweidimensionales Antennen-Array |
DE10332619B4 (de) * | 2002-12-05 | 2005-07-14 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Zweidimensionales Antennen-Array |
US7050005B2 (en) | 2002-12-05 | 2006-05-23 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Two-dimensional antenna array |
FR2860344B1 (fr) * | 2003-09-25 | 2005-12-23 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Reseau d'antennes large bande |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1227545B1 (en) | 2003-08-27 |
JP2003513496A (ja) | 2003-04-08 |
US9905940B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 |
ATE248443T1 (de) | 2003-09-15 |
US20080036676A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
US20120262359A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
AU1046700A (en) | 2001-05-08 |
BR9917541A (pt) | 2002-08-13 |
MXPA02004221A (es) | 2003-08-20 |
US20150065151A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
DE69910847T2 (de) | 2004-07-08 |
US20090267863A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
US20110156986A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
DE69910847T4 (de) | 2007-11-22 |
US7932870B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 |
US20020171601A1 (en) | 2002-11-21 |
US7557768B2 (en) | 2009-07-07 |
US20050030247A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
CN1379922A (zh) | 2002-11-13 |
ES2205898T3 (es) | 2004-05-01 |
DE69910847D1 (de) | 2003-10-02 |
CN1196231C (zh) | 2005-04-06 |
US6937191B2 (en) | 2005-08-30 |
US7250918B2 (en) | 2007-07-31 |
DK1227545T3 (da) | 2003-10-27 |
US20180145424A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 |
EP1227545A1 (en) | 2002-07-31 |
US8228256B2 (en) | 2012-07-24 |
US8896493B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 |
US20050146481A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
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