Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B29/00—Accommodation for crew or passengers not otherwise provided for
  • B63B29/02—Cabins or other living spaces; Construction or arrangement thereof
  • B63B29/14—Closet or like flushing arrangements; Washing or bathing facilities peculiar to ships
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60R15/00—Arrangements or adaptations of sanitation devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
  • B61D35/00—Sanitation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D11/00—Passenger or crew accommodation; Flight-deck installations not otherwise provided for
  • B64D11/02—Toilet fittings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a sanitary cell for mounting on a bearing structure of crafts and comprising frame elements, functional units, connection conduits and fitting elements.
• the present application particularly relates to sanitary cells in the form of toilet rooms for mounting in crafts in the form of train wagons.
• the invention will also be applicable in combination with other kinds of sanitary cells in other kinds of crafts.
• the invention also relates to sanitary cells in the form of shower rooms, kitchen rooms and other rooms with technical installations designed to be mounted in crafts for transport by sea, on land and in the air, such as ships, busses and aeroplanes.
• the invention may advantageously be used in all crafts in which a large part of the craft construction has been completed before the mounting of the sanitary cell is initiated.
• the invention and the advantages obtained by it will subsequently only be described with reference to the building of toilet rooms in train wagons.
• the toilet room is built up as an integral assembled part ofthe train wagon. Due to the tolerances involved in building it is necessary to perform an individual adaptation of many components. This is very time-consuming, and such individual adaptation may further give rise to considerable delay in subsequent mounting operations.
• the fitting elements will often be mounted in an initial stage as they serve as full or partial support of functional units and/or connection conduits.
• As a major part of the fitting elements is composed of thin cover plates, a damage to these frequently occurs during subsequent mounting of unhandy and heavy elements such as frame profiles, toilet bowl, pipes and the like. This has made time-consuming replacements necessary, wherein there may also have been a need for the cooperation of several trades in dis ⁇ mounting and remounting.
• the fitting elements are thin cover plates. In use they are exposed to a load that may cause them to be broken and to require frequent replacements. As the fitting elements serve as full or partial support of technical installations, such subse ⁇ quent replacement will make it necessary for the train wagon to be taken out of opera ⁇ tion for a long period. Thus, there will be a frequent need for dismounting several elements that require the cooperation of several trades. This is obviously time- consuming and costly.
• the toilet room is constructed as an integral part of the train wagon, and since the fitting elements and technical installations are built together, it requires quite consid- erable storage capacities to be able to produce train wagons with the various require ⁇ ments made on the type of cover plates, different types of toilet and washing bowls, mirrors, doors and other fitting equipment.
• the integral construction and the large degree of adaptation to the train wagon in question makes it almost impossible to pre- fabricate parts of the toilet room.
• the object ofthe present invention is to remedy the above-mentioned disadvantages of known sanitary cells by disclosing a structure in which the functional units may be tested prior to mounting, and which is quickly mounted in a craft, and which is quickly serviced, and which may easily be adapted to different types of crafts as well as the needs of different customers.
• connection conduits have quick release coupling members for connection with the fixed installation con ⁇ duits and/or functional elements of the craft, that the functional elements have means for direct mounting on the frame elements and are assembled with the latter for the formation of module parts, which have means for mutual assembly of these and for direct mounting of the module parts on the bearing structure of the craft, that the module parts also have means for mounting of the fitting elements on the frame formed by the module parts, and that the frame of a sanitary cell formed by the mod ⁇ ule parts has a box-shaped outer contour.
• module parts which contain functional units or a group of functional units, it is possible to perform a test of the ability to function prior to mounting in the craft in question. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the risk of malfunctions in the functional units mounted in the craft and consequently also the risk of a time- consuming dismounting, error correction and remounting.
• a test of the completely mounted sanitary cell is very simple and fast and substantially exclusively serves to ensure that all connection conduits have been connected. If a few conduits have not been connected, no time-consuming dismounting of elements is required. In general, an error correction may take place simply by removing a fitting element, establish a connection and then remounting the fitting element.
• the frame of the sanitary cell As the frame of the sanitary cell has a box-shaped outer contour, it may be used in crafts irrespective of the profile of its enclosure. Thus, it will be simple to form con- nections towards walls and ceilings by the use of fitting elements. These fitting ele ⁇ ments against walls and ceilings will consequently also be the only elements needing individual adaptation to the craft. However, the adaptation is easy as it often concerns relatively thin covering plates, which may easily be cut/formed with the desired con ⁇ tour for contact against the enclosure ofthe craft.
• module parts of the sanitary cell concurrently with building the craft in which they are to be mounted.
• the sanitary cell from very few module parts, which may be mounted by erectors who need not have particular professional skills. It is only required for the erector to be able to erect the module parts, connect them with each other and with the bearing structure by the means formed for that purpose.
• These con ⁇ nection means may be very simple and means known per se. E.g. screw connections, nail connections, pin connections or hook connections may be used. Fixed or releas ⁇ able connection means may be used.
• the functional units are connected simply and quickly via quick release coupling members. These may be arranged with colour codes or different shapes in order to make faulty mounting impossible.
• a erector may simply dismount an ele- ment from the module part and remount a new one.
• the means for mounting the adap ⁇ tation elements on the module parts are preferably releasable coupling means, e.g. in the shape of catches, Velcro connections or the like.
• Fig. 1 shows a side view of a train wagon containing a toilet room
• Fig. 2 shows a view ofthe train wagon shown in Fig. 1 , seen from above
• Fig. 3 shows a flowchart of functional units and connection conduits forming part of a toilet room according to the invention
• Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a toilet room according to the invention ar ⁇ ranged in a train wagon
• Figs. 5-8 show module parts forming parts of a toilet room according to the inven ⁇ tion
• Figs. 9-16 show perspective views to illustrate the mounting steps of building the toilet room shown in Fig. 4.
• Figs. 1 and 2 designates a toilet room arranged in a train wagon 2.
• the toilet room comprises a first wall frame 3 and a second wall frame 4 positioned opposite each other in the longitudinal direction ofthe train wagon 2, and a third wall frame 5 provided with a door 6 and extending in a plane substantially paral ⁇ lel to the longitudinal direction of the train wagon 2.
• a faecal tank 7 and a toilet bowl 8 are provided at the first wall frame 3 .
• a wash basin 9 is provided at the opposite wall frame 4 .
• the wall frame 4 further comprises heat exchanger, climate surveillance equipment and other sanitary equipment, which will be described further below.
• the toilet room further comprises a ceiling frame 10, which is indicated schematically in Fig. 1. Mounted in the ceiling frame 10 are a water tank and a ventilation unit, which will be described further below.
• the toilet room 1 is delimited at its fourth side by the lateral wall 11 ofthe train wagon 2.
• Fig. 3 shows a flowchart of the water and toilet system forming part of the toilet room I.
• a broken line 12 indicates the level of the wagon bottom of the train wagon 2.
• Fig. 3 the faecal tank 7 is shown in a position under the wagon bottom 12. How ⁇ ever, in a toilet room 1 according to the invention it is preferred for the faecal tank 7 to be positioned in the first wall frame 3, such as illustrated in Fig. 2.
• a water tank 13 arranged in the ceiling frame 10 is arranged in an insulating enclosure 14.
• the water tank 13 is connected with a connection conduit 15 having at its free end a quick release coupling 16, which is designed to cooperate with a corresponding quick release coupling in the fixed water installation of the train wagon.
• a dust collector 17 Arranged in the connection conduit 15 is a dust collector 17.
• the water tank 13 is further con ⁇ nected with an overflow conduit 18.
• the overflow conduit 18 is con ⁇ nected with a quick release coupling 19 for connection to the fixed installations of the train wagon.
• a heating element 20 is mounted in the water tank 13.
• a connection con- duit 21 leads water to the basin 9.
• the basin 9 is provided with a stench-trap 22, which in turn is connected with a connection conduit having at its free end a quick release coupling 23 for connection to the fixed drain installations in the train wagon.
• the wa ⁇ ter tank 13 is connected with level switches 24, which automatically keep a certain water level in the water tank 13.
• a level transmitter 25 sends a signal to a level indica- tor 26 arranged in a position for easy reading.
• a feeding conduit 27 is arranged between the water tank 13 and the toilet bowl 8. Ar ⁇ ranged at a suitable position in this connection conduit 27 are quick release coupling members (not shown). A water pressure increaser 28 is inserted in the feeding conduit 27. Also inserted in the connection conduit 27 are a reduction valve 29, a stop valve
• connection conduit 33 Arranged in the connection conduit 33 are discharge valves 34 and a discharge pump 35. Cooperating quick release coupling members (not shown) will be provided in the connection conduit 33 in a position between the outlet 32 of the toilet bowl and the inlet 36 ofthe faecal tank 7.
• the faecal tank 7 is provided with level sensors 37 and an inspection and cleaning pipe 38.
• the faecal tank 7 is arranged in an insulating enclosure 39.
• the faecal tank is provided with a discharge conduit 40, which is provided at its free end with a quick release coupling 41, which cooperates with a corresponding quick release coupling in the fixed installation of the train for faecal discharge.
• a ball valve 42 is inserted in the discharge conduit 40.
• the toilet room is provided with a source of compressed air (not shown), which oper ⁇ ates at a pressure of approximately 8 to 10 bars.
• the connection runs via a connection conduit 43 in which a reduction valve 44 is inserted to reduce the pressure to ap ⁇ proximately 5 bars.
• connection conduit 43 Also inserted in the connection conduit 43 are a filter 45 and a shut-off valve, which is built together with a quick release coupling (not shown) coop ⁇ erating with the fixed compressed air installations in the train wagon.
• the compressed air installations are connected with the other units of the water and toilet system in a manner known per se.
• Fig. 4 shows the toilet room 1.
• the door 6 is in an open position and through the doorway 47 one sees the wash basin 9, which is mounted in a tabletop 48.
• the toilet bowl 8 is mounted on the first wall frame 3 in a position not visible in Fig. 4.
• Figs. 5-8 show a module part forming part of the erection of the toilet room 1.
• Fig. 5 shows a first module part 49
• Fig. 6 shows a second module part 50
• Fig. 7 shows a third module part 51
• Fig. 8 shows a fourth module part 52.
• the first module part 49 comprises frame elements 53 in the form of a plate on which the toilet bowl 8 is mounted directly. At the rear of the frame element 53 the necessary technology for the functioning of the toilet bowl is built in. At the bottom right corner one sees a quick release coupling 54 mounted in the connection conduit 33.
• the quick release coupling 54 is designed for connection with a quick release coupling posi ⁇ tioned on the remaining part of the connection conduit 33, which leads to the inlet 36 of the faecal tank 7.
• the second module part 50 comprises the faecal tank 7, which is mounted in frame elements 55. At the top of the faecal tank one sees connection conduits 56 of level sensors 37. Quick release couplings 57 are provided at the free ends of connection conduits 56. One also sees the discharge conduit 40 and the quick release coupling 41 designed for connection with the fixed installation for faecal discharge ofthe train.
• the third module part 51 is a so-called sanitary module. It comprises frame elements 58. The frame also comprises two shelf brackets 59 designed to support the tabletop 48.
• the third module part 51 comprises a number of fixed connection conduits 60, a heat exchanger 61 , an electronics box 62 comprising climate surveillance equipment in the form of sensors of water and air temperature. The electronics box 62 also com ⁇ prises sensors to survey correct functioning of the compressed air system.
• the elec ⁇ tronics box is connected via connection conduits 63 with the fixed surveillance system ofthe train wagon via quick release couplings (not shown).
• the fourth module part 52 comprises the water tank 13, which is mounted in frame elements 64 forming the ceiling frame 10.
• the ceiling frame 10 comprises an opening 65 designed for mounting a ventilator (not shown) which always maintains a lower pressure in the toilet room than in the surrounding rooms.
• module parts 49-52 Only the most important elements are shown in the four module parts 49-52. Thus, the module parts comprise more elements in order to be fully functional. However, such elements will be well-known to a person skilled in the art and for simplicity are not shown.
• the frame elements and the functional units are provided with means for direct as ⁇ sembling of the same for the formation of the four module parts.
• a bracket 66 for the toilet bowl 8. which is fastened to the frame element 53 via screw connections.
• the frame ele ⁇ ments 55 comprise transverse braces 68 onto which the faecal tank 7 may be screwed by means of screws (not shown).
• any suitable means known by a person skilled in the art may be used for the mutual assembly of the frame elements and functional units. It is seen that having been assembled, the module parts will form a frame of the toilet room so that it has a box-shaped contour. Since each of the module parts 49-52 has straight outer sides, the outer contour of the formed toilet room will not be dependent on the contour of the train wagon. Adaptation to the contour of the train wagon takes place in a simple manner by means of fitting elements.
• the first module part 49 is designed for mounting on the lower half of the second module part 50.
• these two module parts might be assembled for forma- tion of a single module part comprising both the toilet bowl 8 and the faecal tank 7.
• the module parts are provided with flanges for mutual assembly.
• the module part 49 has flanges 71 designed to be screwed onto the vertical braces 72 of the mod ⁇ ule part 50, which form part of the frame elements 55.
• the braces 72 have flanges 73 designed to cooperate with flanges 74 on the ceiling frame 10.
• the ceiling frame 10 also has mounting flanges 75 designed to cooperate with mounting flanges 76 at the upper end of vertical braces 77 forming part ofthe frame elements 58 in the third module part 51.
• the frame elements in the different module parts also have means for mounting fitting elements.
• such means are shown in Fig. 6 in the form of one part of
• Velcro elements 75 designed to cooperate with corresponding Velcro elements on the fitting elements.
• the shelf brackets 59 are shown as an example of means for mounting a fitting element in the form of the tabletop 48.
• Other means which will be well-known to a person skilled in the art, may also be used for assembly of the frame elements and the fitting elements.
• Each of the module parts 49-52 is a unit that may be produced and tested at the sup ⁇ plier's before coupling with the other module parts in the train wagon 2.
• the connec ⁇ tion conduits between the different module parts are designed as service connections with quick release couplings.
• a fitting in the form of a side wall covering 79 on the two outer sides of the train wagon is mounted first.
• This mounting takes place according to principles known per se, e.g. by means of Velcro elements 78.
• a base 80 is placed on the wagon bottom 12, thus establishing in a simple manner a security that the subsequent module parts are positioned correctly.
• the module part 50 and the module part 51 are mounted to form the two wall frames 3, 4.
• the module part 52 forming part of the ceiling frame 10 in the toilet room 1 is mounted.
• the module parts are fastened mutually to the train wagon floor 12, side wall and ceiling. At this point the frame ofthe toilet room is defined statically.
• the module part 49 is then mounted on the module part 50. At this point all functional units have been mounted. The mutual connection thereof and the connection to the fixed installation of the train may also be accomplished at this point.
• first fitting elements in the form of the tabletop 48 contain ⁇ ing the wash basin 9, cabinet coverings 81 and a mirror 82 are mounted.
• a fitting element 83 shaped with an outer contour according to the sides of the train wagon.
• the fitting element 83 (and a corresponding fitting element at the opposite wall) is what establishes the fitting of the toilet room 1 towards the side wall covering 79.
• the fitting element 83 (and a corresponding opposite fitting element) is designed for displacement along the side of the toilet room 1 in a direction parallel to the outer wall of the train wagon 2. Due to this parallel displacement the fitting ele ⁇ ment 83 may be slid between the box-shaped outer contour ofthe toilet room 1 and the side wall covering 79. Any replacement of the side wall covering 79 may easily be accomplished by an opposite parallel displacement ofthe fitting element 83.
• a door machine 87 is mounted, such as shown in Fig. 16. All that remains after this is mounting the door 6 itself in order to complete the mounting of the toilet room 1, which now appears as shown in Fig. 4.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)
• External Artificial Organs (AREA)
• Vehicle Waterproofing, Decoration, And Sanitation Devices (AREA)
• Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
• Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Cited By (8)

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Citations (5)

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• 1996
  • 1996-01-19 DK DK4996A patent/DK171589B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1997
  • 1997-01-16 WO PCT/DK1997/000017 patent/WO1997026153A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1997-01-16 IL IL12515197A patent/IL125151A0/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-01-16 DE DE69700805T patent/DE69700805T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1997-01-16 AU AU14369/97A patent/AU1436997A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-01-16 ES ES97900932T patent/ES2141589T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-01-16 EP EP97900932A patent/EP0869880B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-01-16 US US09/101,689 patent/US6101766A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1997-01-16 AT AT97900932T patent/ATE186685T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (5)

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