WO1994012107A1 - Fil coupant autoforeur pour le perçage transosseux, la fixation et le cas echeant la consolidation d'os ou de fragments osseux - Google Patents

Fil coupant autoforeur pour le perçage transosseux, la fixation et le cas echeant la consolidation d'os ou de fragments osseux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994012107A1
WO1994012107A1 PCT/DE1993/001138 DE9301138W WO9412107A1 WO 1994012107 A1 WO1994012107 A1 WO 1994012107A1 DE 9301138 W DE9301138 W DE 9301138W WO 9412107 A1 WO9412107 A1 WO 9412107A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cutting wire
cutting
section
diameter
wire
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1993/001138
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Schewior
Original Assignee
Thomas Schewior
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE9308283U external-priority patent/DE9308283U1/de
Application filed by Thomas Schewior filed Critical Thomas Schewior
Priority to DE4396051T priority Critical patent/DE4396051D2/de
Priority to AU55596/94A priority patent/AU5559694A/en
Publication of WO1994012107A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994012107A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8625—Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue
    • A61B17/8635—Tips of screws
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8605—Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/009—Stepped drills
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1613—Component parts
    • A61B17/1615—Drill bits, i.e. rotating tools extending from a handpiece to contact the worked material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/14—Configuration of the cutting part, i.e. the main cutting edges

Definitions

  • Self-drilling cutting wire for transosseous drilling Fix and, if necessary, brace bones or fragments
  • the invention relates to a self-drilling cutting wire for transosseous drilling, fixing and optionally bracing of bones or fragments, consisting of a tip with cutting edges and an adjoining cylindrical shaft.
  • EP-Al-0465 866 discloses a cutting wire with holding means for a fixator for setting up the clamping position of bone sections, with a threaded and / or holding part at the ends for holding the cutting wire within a bolt of the fixator by means of nuts or holding means, which are detachably placed on the ends of the cutting wire.
  • the cutting wire has a shaft that has a drill head at the penetrating end, to which a tapered part with boundary surfaces adjoins, the width of which is smaller than the diameter of the shaft.
  • the holding means has a slot which is wider than the width of the tapered part of the shaft, the length of the holding means being less than the length of the tapered part of the shaft for fitting the holding means.
  • a blind hole is arranged centrally in the holding means in the direction of the slot, the drilling head being completely accommodated within the holding means in the pulling position of the cutting wire or nail within the fixator.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a self-drilling cutting wire according to the type mentioned, which is sufficiently rigid and can be placed on the bone at a considerably oblique angle without the risk of slipping away, which is easy to handle and practically under any conditions can be exchanged and maneuvered, as well as how the cutting wire should be combined with a tensioning wire matched to this.
  • a self-drilling cutting wire the tip of which is semi-cylindrical with a semicircular cross section and is designed with a flat surface extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis, the tip with the surface being as Half-cone shaped with two cutting edges, the opening angle (a) of the half-cone with respect to the longitudinal axis being between 30-65 degrees, followed by another semi-cylindrical section with an approximately semicircular cross-section, limited by the area in the axial direction, the has a larger half-diameter (d4) than the half-diameter (d3) of the tip, which merges into the section to form a semi-conical circumferential shoulder which forms two further cutting edges with the surface, the opening angle (b) of the shoulder with respect to the longitudinal axis is between 20-45 degrees t. Further embodiments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.
  • the cutting wire has the advantage that, when drilling through the bone, it acts like an at least two-stage step stylus which, due to the semi-cylindrical tip, does not slide off when it hits the bone.
  • the opening angle (a) of the semi-cone of the tip can be selected according to the hardness of the bone to be drilled: the harder the material of the bone to be drilled, the steeper the opening angle is selected.
  • the inventive design of the tip causes the material to be removed well, which is conveyed to the outside through the borehole which is only half-filled with the tip. As soon as the shoulder following the tip cuts the bone material, the borehole is drilled to the required diameter, the borehole also being filled only halfway here and the spoil of the bone material can be conveyed to the outside.
  • the shoulder can advantageously have a clearance angle (g) so that the section of the cutting wire adjoining the shoulder cannot seize in the bone.
  • the multi-stage Graver machines well, with the tip having great rigidity, good guidance and high heat dissipation.
  • a third stage with a cutting shoulder that is only slightly widespread is intended to peel the bone material heated in the drilling channel to a small thickness.
  • the cutting wire has the advantage that it can be turned back and forth by hand in both directions when drilling at critical points, especially when starting the drilling process, because the tip securely grips the bone and always one of the two cutting edges the tip as well as the shoulder works as a cutting edge.
  • the cutting wire can at the same time be provided and used as a tensioning wire in the form of a cutting tensioning wire in that it can have a thread, preferably a self-tapping rolling thread, below its cutting or stylus-like end region.
  • the stylus-like cutting wire is combined as a set with a tensioning wire which has a thread, preferably a self-tapping rolling thread, which are coordinated with one another in diameter.
  • a tensioning wire which has a thread, preferably a self-tapping rolling thread, which are coordinated with one another in diameter.
  • This procedure can be carried out several times. For example, by means of two cranial-caudal superimposed roll thread tension wires, a pressure osteo synthesis are secured; with the help of a drilling jig, care is taken to ensure that the self-tapping roll thread tension wires are parallel.
  • the diameter of the rolling thread of the cutting or tensioning wire can be dimensioned such that the rolling thread adheres firmly to the bone after it has been screwed into the bone.
  • bone fragments can be laterally offset by means of a tensioning screw fastening according to the invention, the osteotomy gap or the fracture gap can be adjusted, the wire-bone thread adhesion causing precise, permanent fixing without lateral slipping.
  • two parallel wires of this type lying one above the other can achieve a greater positional stability than is the case with known wire crosses made of smooth wires.
  • four tabs on the ring are required for a wire cross.
  • a bone holding means can be created in which the fractional drilling and holding of the step stylus has three and cutting steps and the same as well as the associated tensioning wire have inherent rigidity and both are designed in nail strength with regard to their diameter and e.g. is between 3-10 millimeters.
  • FIG. 1 shows a view of a self-drilling cutting wire
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section along the line A - - A in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section along the line B - - B in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section along the line C - - C in FIG 1 Figure 5 the extreme tip of the cutting wire rotated 90 degrees
  • FIG. 6 shows the remaining part of the cutting tension wire after drilling through a bone (not shown) in which the section with the rolling thread is located after cutting off the tip of the cutting wire and fitting a safety cap.
  • FIG. 7 shows a set consisting of cutting wire and tension wire
  • FIG. 8 the tension wire according to Figure 7 9 shows a cutting wire with three cutting stages and tensioning wire
  • FIG. 10 shows the cutting wire of FIG. 9 rotated by 90 degrees.
  • the tip 3 merges at the uppermost end into a semi-cone 5 which is delimited by the surface 8 and forms two cutting edges 6, 7 with it.
  • the opening angle ⁇ of the half-cone 5 with respect to the longitudinal axis 14 is between 30-65 degrees, preferably between 30-45 degrees and is selected depending on the hardness of the bone to be drilled.
  • the tip 3 is followed by a likewise semicylindrical section 4 with a semicircular cross section 12 and a semicylinder jacket, the diameter d4 of which is larger than the diameter d3 of the tip 3 and preferably equal to half the diameter dl of the front cylindrical tensioning wire 1.
  • the tip 3 merges into the section 4 with the formation of a semi-conical shoulder 15 which runs around half the circumference and which is delimited by the surface 8 'running in the direction of the longitudinal axis 14, into which the surface 8 in the region of the Shoulder 15 passes in the opposite direction of the tip 5.
  • the shoulder 15 forms two cutting edges 10, 10 'with the surfaces 8, 8', the opening angle b of the shoulder 15 with respect to the longitudinal axis 14 being between 20 to 45 degrees, preferably between 20-25 degrees and also in Dependency of the hardness of the bone to be drilled is selected.
  • the surface 8 ' which delimits the half-cylinder jacket of the sections 3, 4 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 14 can preferably have a tapered concave hollow grinding 11, so that the cutting angle of the cutting edges 10, 10' is smaller than 90 degrees, which are formed in each case by the edges of the semi-conical jacket of the shoulder 15 and the edges of the surface 8 of the upper section 4, the diameter dl of the full shaft of the cutting tensioning wire 1, measured from outermost lower point of the cutting edge 10 to the cutting edge 10 ', remains fully intact; the supplementary angle d to the cutting angle is shown in FIG. 3. This results in a higher cutting effect of the cutting edges 10, 10 '.
  • the semi-cylindrical tip 3 can also have the hollow section 11, as the hollow section can also continue downward below the shoulder 15.
  • the half diameter ds of the shoulder 15 can be slightly larger than the half diameter d4 of the section 4 at the transition into the section 4, so that a clearance angle g of only a few degrees is formed between the shoulder 15 and the section 4, as a result of which the tip 3 seizes up and section 4 is avoided during drilling.
  • the surface 8 of the section 4 can merge into the pre-cylindrical shaft 1 of the cutting tensioning wire to form a likewise curved surface 18 without cutting edges, which is curved in a convex convex manner.
  • the shaft of the area 2 of the cutting tension wire 1 has a self-tapping thread 16, preferably a rolling thread 16, the diameter dR of which is the largest diameter of the tension wire 1; the rolling thread 16 preferably has a conical taper 17 at its front end, with which it merges into the smaller diameter of the shoulder 4.
  • the rolling thread 16 cuts into the bone by means of the cutting end region 2 and thus has a firm hold in the bone, which can now be moved and maneuvered by means of the other protruding end 19 of the cutting tension wire 1.
  • the cutting end region 2 is cut off above the rolling thread 16. It is also possible to let the rolling thread protrude from the soft parts of the limb to put the end in a holder and screw on a lock nut.
  • the other end 19 of the cutting tension wire 1 can have a normal thread 33 for screwing on a lock nut in order to apply a tension to the bone.
  • the cutting end area 2 of the shaft 1 is cut off according to FIG. 6 and a protective cap 20 is placed on the end.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show a set of cutting wire 21 and separate tensioning wire 26, preferably a rolling thread tensioning wire 26.
  • the cutting wire 21 has two stages and takes over the function of piercing the bone, the tensioning wire 26 that of tensioning and maneuvering the bone.
  • the cutting wire can be used multiple times in an operation to set multiple tension wires 26.
  • the cutting wire 21 has a cutting end region 22 and a cylindrical, smooth lower end 24, in the end face 23 of which a blind bore 29 is drilled, which may have an internal thread 31; otherwise the cutting wire 21 is configured like the area 2 in FIG. 1.
  • the tensioning wire 26 has an upper, short cylindrical and smooth end 28, on the end face 27 of which a pin 25 is arranged centrally, which is used for receiving into the blind bore 29 and which can have an external thread 32 for this purpose; the opposite end 28 'with pin 25' is the same.
  • a section with a self-tapping roller thread 30 which has a conical taper 34 at its front end towards the pin 25.
  • the diameter of the roll thread of the tensioning wire is adapted to the drilling diameter of the cutting wire and is a few tenths of a millimeter ⁇ d thicker.
  • the tension wire can also have a locking lock, such as a bayonet lock, within the end of the cutting wire, which enables the cutting wire to be rotated right and left together with the tension wire after insertion of the tension wire into the bone.
  • FIG. 8 shows the tension wire 26 in its entire configuration, which has a section 30, 30 'with a rolling thread of diameter Ra at both ends, approximately over a quarter to a third of the length. Between these two sections 30, 30 ', separated by unthreaded sections 36, 36', there is also a section with a rolling thread of length between half and one third the length of the tensioning wire 26. This section can be divided into sections 47, 47 ', 47 "be separated by thread-free sections 36 ', 36", 36'". All rolling thread sections merge into the thread-free sections by means of conical tapering 34, 34 ', 34", 34'",34"".
  • the thread-free sections 36, 36 ' , 36 ", 36 '” are used to cut the tension wire 26, so that the rolling thread when shortening is not damaged and, after shortening, a nut can be screwed onto the rolling thread of the rolling thread section.
  • the rolling thread of the middle sections 47, 47 ', 47 "of the tensioning wire 26 can have a diameter dRm which is larger than the diameter dR a of the outer rolling thread sections 30, 30', preferably by a few tenths of a millimeter ⁇ 9, but with the same pitch this middle section bores into the bone with great friction, so that the tensioning wire has an extremely tight fit in the bone.
  • Nuts are preferably only screwed onto the outer threaded areas 30, 30 '.
  • the thickened rolling thread sections 47, 47 ', 47 can also be hammered into the bone and, after the rolling thread has gripped the bone, screwed in by turning, so that the thickened rolling thread sections cut a deep thread in the bone
  • the diameter dmax of the cutting wire is adapted to the thickened diameter dRm of the thickened rolling thread sections 47, 47 ', 47 "of the tensioning wire 26, dRm> dmax, preferably by a few tenths of a millimeter ⁇ d.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show a set consisting of cutting wire 37 with three cutting steps and tensioning wire 26, which corresponds to the tensioning wire 26 of FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • the cutting wire 37 has an upper section 38 with a half-cone 39, which is adjoined by a central section 40 of greater width, which merges into the section 38 to form a shoulder 41.
  • This is followed by a third section 42 of even greater thickness, which also merges into section 40 to form a shoulder 43;
  • the section 42 merges with the cylindrical shaft 45.
  • the sections are delimited by a flat surface 44 in the center plane of the cutting wire 37 as in FIG. 1, so that the edges of the shoulders 39, 41, 43 form three pairs of cutting edges with the surface 44.
  • a blind bore 48 is arranged in the shaft 45, which may have an internal thread 49.
  • the cutting wire 37 is of the same design as that of FIGS. 1 and 7, with the difference of a third cutting step 43, which is used to scrape any bone material that may have been heated after drilling, which is why this cutting step has only a slight thickening compared to the section 40 has.
  • the shaft 45 can have a circumferential taper 46 along the entire remaining length of the shaft, which need only be a few tenths of a millimeter , so that the area of the drill tip is the thickest area with the largest diameter dmax of the cutting wire. This prevents the cutting wire from seizing up in the bone when drilling.
  • the cutting tension wire or cutting wire can also have more than three cutting or scraping cutting stages.
  • the insertion mechanism between the cutting wire and the tensioning wire can be reversed, so that the cutting wire has a tapered pin at its lower end which fits into a blind hole which is arranged centrally within the end face of an associated tensioning wire in the axial direction, which is a self-tapping Roll thread has, here also cutting wire and tension wire form a set.
  • the cutting tension wire or set of cutting wire and tension wire according to the invention can preferably be used in the operative use of medical fixators if bones or fragments are to be transosseously pierced, fixed and, if necessary, tensioned, in particular in accident surgery Limb extension osteotomies, for segment transport in the case of non-healed fractures, for joint contractions, for non-union arthrosis and foot deformities.
  • the usefulness of the cutting wire and the set of cutting wire and wire is that it can be used in medical fixation technology to replace drills and screws and nails, such as bulwark or stone manails, and can be drilled and fixed in two intermeshing operations.
  • the self-drilling cutting tension wire alone or as a set consisting of a cutting wire and associated tension wires is equally suitable for use in ring fixators as well as for monolateral fixation methods. List of reference numerals:

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un fil coupant pour le perçage et la fixation d'os, constitué d'une pointe (3, 38) avec des tranchants (6, 7) et d'une tige (1, 45). La pointe (3, 38) du fil coupant (1, 37) a une forme semi-cylindrique avec une section semi-circulaire (9) et une surface plate (8, 44) et possède à son extrémité extérieure deux arêtes coupantes (6, 7); l'angle d'ouverture (a) du demi-cône (5) est compris entre 30 et 65°. A la pointe (3, 38) fait suite une autre partie semi-cylindrique (4, 40) avec une section semi-circulaire (12) qui présente un rayon (d4) supérieur au rayon (d3) de la pointe (3, 38) qui se poursuit dans la partie (4, 40) avec un épaulement en forme de demi-cône (15, 41) qui forme avec la surface (8', 44) deux autres arêtes coupantes (10, 10'). L'angle d'ouverture (b) de l'épaulement (15) est compris entre 20 et 45°.
PCT/DE1993/001138 1992-11-28 1993-11-29 Fil coupant autoforeur pour le perçage transosseux, la fixation et le cas echeant la consolidation d'os ou de fragments osseux WO1994012107A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4396051T DE4396051D2 (de) 1992-11-28 1993-11-29 Selbstbohrender Schneiddraht zum transossären Durchbohren, Fixieren und gegebenenfalls Verspannen von Knochen oder -fragmenten
AU55596/94A AU5559694A (en) 1992-11-28 1993-11-29 Self-drilling cutting wire for piercing through bones, fixing and if required bracing bones or bone fragments

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9216218 1992-11-28
DEG9216218.5U 1992-11-28
DE9217744 1992-12-08
DEG9217744.1U 1992-12-08
DEG9303452.0U 1993-03-11
DE9303452 1993-03-11
DE9308283U DE9308283U1 (de) 1992-11-28 1993-06-02 Selbstbohrender Schneiddraht zum transossären Durchbohren, Fixieren und Verspannen von Knochen oder -fragmenten
DEG9308283.5U 1993-06-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994012107A1 true WO1994012107A1 (fr) 1994-06-09

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1993/001138 WO1994012107A1 (fr) 1992-11-28 1993-11-29 Fil coupant autoforeur pour le perçage transosseux, la fixation et le cas echeant la consolidation d'os ou de fragments osseux

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU5559694A (fr)
DE (1) DE4396051D2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994012107A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995009569A1 (fr) * 1993-10-04 1995-04-13 Endocare Ag Foret, broches de kirschner, fraises pour os, etc. pourvus d'un foret de ce type
CN111496294A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2020-08-07 贵州振华华联电子有限公司 一种台阶半月钻
WO2021218276A1 (fr) * 2020-04-28 2021-11-04 北京骨外固定技术研究所 Broche osseuse à auto-taraudage

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2721075A1 (de) * 1977-05-11 1978-11-16 Henri Jaquet Transcutaner nagel zur verankerung von knochengeruestteilen
GB2031731A (en) * 1978-10-12 1980-04-30 Knonner R F Fracture reducing and joint immobilizing apparatus
US4373518A (en) * 1980-09-26 1983-02-15 Zimmer, Inc. Method of drilling living bone
EP0230856A1 (fr) * 1985-11-28 1987-08-05 Jaquet Orthopedie S.A. Fiche transcutanée de fixation d'un fragment ou élément osseux
WO1990006732A1 (fr) * 1988-12-22 1990-06-28 Vent-Plant Corporation Foret asymetrique pour os

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2721075A1 (de) * 1977-05-11 1978-11-16 Henri Jaquet Transcutaner nagel zur verankerung von knochengeruestteilen
GB2031731A (en) * 1978-10-12 1980-04-30 Knonner R F Fracture reducing and joint immobilizing apparatus
US4373518A (en) * 1980-09-26 1983-02-15 Zimmer, Inc. Method of drilling living bone
EP0230856A1 (fr) * 1985-11-28 1987-08-05 Jaquet Orthopedie S.A. Fiche transcutanée de fixation d'un fragment ou élément osseux
WO1990006732A1 (fr) * 1988-12-22 1990-06-28 Vent-Plant Corporation Foret asymetrique pour os

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5788699A (en) * 1993-03-18 1998-08-04 Endocare Ag Drill section, as well as kirschner wires, bone routers and the like equipped with such a drill section
WO1995009569A1 (fr) * 1993-10-04 1995-04-13 Endocare Ag Foret, broches de kirschner, fraises pour os, etc. pourvus d'un foret de ce type
WO2021218276A1 (fr) * 2020-04-28 2021-11-04 北京骨外固定技术研究所 Broche osseuse à auto-taraudage
CN111496294A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2020-08-07 贵州振华华联电子有限公司 一种台阶半月钻
CN111496294B (zh) * 2020-04-29 2022-02-11 贵州振华华联电子有限公司 一种台阶半月钻

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Publication number Publication date
AU5559694A (en) 1994-06-22
DE4396051D2 (de) 1997-03-13

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