US8199824B2 - Spatial resolution conversion of image signal based on motion compensation - Google Patents

Spatial resolution conversion of image signal based on motion compensation Download PDF

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US8199824B2
US8199824B2 US11/705,290 US70529007A US8199824B2 US 8199824 B2 US8199824 B2 US 8199824B2 US 70529007 A US70529007 A US 70529007A US 8199824 B2 US8199824 B2 US 8199824B2
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image signal
motion vector
frame
data processor
channel interpolation
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US20070223589A1 (en
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Sung-Cheol Park
Jae-Hong Park
Hyung-Jun Lim
Eui-jin Kwon
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/01—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
    • H04N7/0125—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level one of the standards being a high definition standard
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/01—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
    • G06T3/40—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
    • G06T3/4007—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting based on interpolation, e.g. bilinear interpolation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/40—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using video transcoding, i.e. partial or full decoding of a coded input stream followed by re-encoding of the decoded output stream
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
    • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
    • H04N19/523—Motion estimation or motion compensation with sub-pixel accuracy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
    • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
    • H04N19/577—Motion compensation with bidirectional frame interpolation, i.e. using B-pictures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/59—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial sub-sampling or interpolation, e.g. alteration of picture size or resolution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/01—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
    • H04N7/0135—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level involving interpolation processes
    • H04N7/014—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level involving interpolation processes involving the use of motion vectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to spatial resolution conversion of an image signal, and more particularly, to using single-channel interpolation if a magnitude of a motion vector is greater than a threshold value, and using multi-channel interpolation otherwise, for attaining high resolution and stability in spatial resolution conversion.
  • FIG. 1A is a block diagram schematically illustrating a spatial resolution conversion method 10 using single-channel interpolation according to the prior art.
  • the spatial resolution conversion method 10 performs spatial resolution conversion on an image signal in units of a single frame to generate a magnified resolution-converted image signal.
  • the single-channel interpolation may be a cubic-based or spline-based linear interpolation, an edge directed interpolation (EDI), or a combination thereof, as known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • EDI edge directed interpolation
  • the spatial resolution conversion method 10 using single-channel interpolation cannot achieve spatial resolution improvement when aliasing is present in an image.
  • FIG. 1B is a block diagram schematically illustrating a spatial resolution conversion method 20 using multi-channel interpolation according to the prior art.
  • the spatial resolution conversion method 20 performs spatial resolution conversion based on a plurality of frames.
  • Multi-channel interpolation typically requires high computational complexity with sub-pixel based motion estimation and high-resolution image reconstruction.
  • spatial resolution conversion according to the present invention uses single channel interpolation or multi-channel interpolation depending on a magnitude of a motion vector for ensuring stability with high visual quality.
  • a magnitude of a motion vector from the image signal is compared to a threshold value.
  • Single channel interpolation is performed on the image signal if the magnitude of the motion vector is greater than a threshold value.
  • Multi-channel interpolation is performed on the image signal if the magnitude of the motion vector is not greater than the threshold value.
  • the single channel interpolation is performed on the image signal that is for a frame that does not include any motion vector.
  • the frame that does not include any motion vector is an intra frame encoded according to an MPEG standard.
  • the motion vector is determined for a current frame and at least one reference frame.
  • the current frame is a predicted frame with the motion vector being determined from one reference frame according to an MPEG standard.
  • the current frame is a bidirectional frame with the motion vector being determined from at least two reference frames according to an MPEG standard.
  • the motion vector, the current frame, and any reference frame are used for the multi-channel interpolation of the image signal.
  • a sub-pixel motion vector is determined from the motion vector.
  • the sub-pixel motion vector, the current frame, and any reference frame are used for the multi-channel interpolation of the image signal.
  • the single channel or the multi-channel interpolation is performed for each of all macroblocks of a frame defined by the image signal.
  • multi-channel interpolation is performed for the image having little motion since image quality is more important for such an image.
  • single channel interpolation is performed for the image having large motion to prevent instability in the spatial resolution conversion.
  • FIG. 1A is a block diagram schematically illustrating spatial resolution conversion using single-channel interpolation alone, according to the prior art
  • FIG. 1B is a block diagram schematically illustrating spatial resolution conversion using multi-channel interpolation alone, according to the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of steps during spatial resolution conversion of an image signal using each of single-channel and multi-channel interpolations depending on a magnitude of a motion vector, according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 3A , 3 B, and 3 C are conceptual views illustrating multi-channel interpolation in the flow-chart of FIG. 2 or 5 , according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows an apparatus for performing the steps of FIGS. 2 and 5 , according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of steps during spatial resolution conversion of an image signal using each of single-channel and multi-channel interpolations depending on a magnitude of a motion vector, according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1 A, 1 B, 2 , 3 A, 3 B, 3 C, 4 , and 5 refer to elements having similar structure and/or function.
  • FIG. 2 shows a flowchart 100 of steps for spatial resolution conversion of an image signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows an apparatus 400 for performing such steps of the flowchart 100 of FIG. 2 , according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Such an apparatus 400 may be an (ISP) image signal processor for example including an image signal data processor 410 and a memory device 420 having sequences of instructions (i.e. software) stored thereon. Execution of such sequences of instructions by the data processor 410 causes the data processor 410 to perform the steps of the flowchart 100 of FIG. 2 , in one example embodiment of the present invention.
  • ISP image signal processor
  • the image signal is a bit stream that is encoded according to the MPEG (moving pictures experts group) standard.
  • the data processor 410 receives such an MPEG image stream which is an example image signal (step S 110 of FIG. 2 ).
  • the data processor 410 determines whether a current frame received via the MPEG image stream refers to at least one other frame (i.e., at least one reference frame) (step S 120 of FIG. 2 ).
  • I-frame intra frame
  • P-frame predicted frame
  • B-frame bidirectional frame
  • the MPEG image stream includes a respective motion vector m ⁇ V for each macroblock of the frame.
  • Such motion vectors are generated for motion compensation by MPEG encoding using the current frame and the reference frame(s) for efficient video data compression according to the MPEG standard.
  • the MPEG image stream does not include a motion vector for the intra frame according to the MPEG standard.
  • the data processor 410 performs spatial resolution conversion by single channel interpolation using just the current intra frame (step S 134 of FIG. 2 ).
  • Such single channel interpolation is used to generate a resolution converted image signal that may be subject to further processing by the image signal processor 400 (step S 150 of FIG. 2 ).
  • the data processor 410 compares the magnitude of a motion vector
  • the threshold value is “1” according to an example embodiment of the present invention.
  • the threshold value is determined by the accuracy of the motion vector and the type of image compression system.
  • the data processor 410 performs spatial resolution conversion by single channel interpolation using just the current frame (step S 134 of FIG. 2 ). Such single channel interpolation is used to generate a resolution converted image signal that may be subject to further processing by the image signal processor 400 (step S 150 of FIG. 2 ).
  • the data processor 410 determines a sub-pixel motion vector from the motion vector (step S 132 of FIG. 2 ) in one embodiment of the present invention. In that case, the data processor 410 performs spatial resolution conversion by multi-channel interpolation using the current frame, the sub-pixel motion vector as determined in step S 132 , and any reference frame(s) referred to by the current frame (step S 133 of FIG. 2 ).
  • the sub-pixel motion vector as determined in step S 132 more accurately indicates the degree of change of a macroblock of the current frame. In other words, the change of such a macroblock is roughly indicated by the motion vector.
  • the sub-pixel motion vector is calculated by the data processor 410 from the motion vector to more accurately determine the change of the macroblock.
  • the present invention may be practiced with or without the step S 132 for determining the sub-pixel motion vector.
  • step S 132 for determining the sub-pixel motion vector is deleted, the complexity is reduced.
  • the data processor 410 performs spatial resolution conversion by multi-channel interpolation using the current frame, the original motion vector m ⁇ V, and any reference frame(s) referred to by the current frame in step S 133 of FIG. 2 .
  • multi-channel interpolation in step S 133 of FIG. 2 is used to generate the resolution converted image signal that may be subject to further processing by the image signal processor 400 (step S 150 of FIG. 2 ).
  • the amount of motion is small indicating that spatial resolution conversion is to be performed on a relatively stationary area.
  • the accuracy of the motion vector is high and visual quality is more important for such a stationary area than in an area having higher motion.
  • multi-channel interpolation which is a more accurate form of interpolation with higher amount of data processing is used for the spatial resolution conversion of such a stationary area.
  • FIGS. 3A , 3 B, and 3 C are conceptual views illustrating multi-channel interpolation in the flowchart of FIG. 2 .
  • a predicted frame (P) refers to an intra frame (I).
  • the motion vector m ⁇ V for a macroblock is indicated by the MPEG image stream.
  • the current predicted frame P, the reference intra frame 1 , and the motion vector m ⁇ V are used for generating the spatial resolution converted image as illustrated in FIG. 3C .
  • FIG. 5 shows a flowchart 500 of steps for spatial resolution conversion of an image signal emphasizing processing on a macroblock by macroblock basis according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a macroblock includes image data for 16 ⁇ 16 pixels according to the MPEG standard.
  • execution of the sequences of instructions stored in the memory device 420 by the data processor 410 causes the data processor 410 to perform the steps of the flowchart 500 of FIG. 5 , in such an alternative example embodiment of the present invention.
  • the data processor 410 receives the MPEG image stream for a macroblock of a current frame (step S 510 of FIG. 5 ).
  • the data processor 410 determines whether the current frame is an intra frame (step S 520 of FIG. 5 ). If the current frame is an intra frame, the data processor 410 performs spatial resolution conversion by single channel interpolation using the current macroblock (step S 530 of FIG. 5 ) to generate the resolution converted macroblock that may be further processed (step S 540 of FIG. 5 ).
  • the data processor 410 determines whether the magnitude of the respective motion vector
  • the data processor 410 performs spatial resolution conversion by multi-channel interpolation using the current macroblock, the motion vector m ⁇ V, and any corresponding macroblock(s) of any reference frame(s) (steps S 560 and S 570 of FIG. 5 ) to generate the resolution converted macroblock that may be further processed (step S 540 of FIG. 5 ).
  • the data processor 410 calculates the sub-pixel motion vector from the original motion vector m ⁇ V in step S 560 similarly as described in reference to step S 132 in FIG. 2 . In that case, the data processor 410 uses the sub-pixel motion vector instead of the original motion vector for the multi-channel interpolation.
  • the present invention may also be practiced without the step S 560 in FIG. 5 . In that case, the data processor 410 uses the original motion vector for the multi-channel interpolation.
  • the data processor determines whether the current macroblock is a last macroblock for the current frame (step S 580 of FIG. 5 ). If the current macroblock is not the last macroblock of the current frame, the data processor 410 receives another macroblock of the current frame via the MPEG image stream (step S 590 in FIG. 5 ), and returns to step S 550 for spatial resolution conversion of that new macroblock.
  • the data processor 410 determines whether the current frame is the last frame to be processed (step S 592 of FIG. 5 ). If the current frame is the last frame to be processed, then the flowchart ends. If the current frame is not the last frame to be processed, the data processor 410 receives another macroblock of a new frame via the MPEG image stream (step S 594 in FIG. 5 ), and returns to step S 520 for spatial resolution conversion of that new frame.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate the current macroblock P, the reference macroblock 1 , and the motion vector m ⁇ V between such macroblocks P and 1 .
  • FIG. 3C illustrates the resolution converted macroblock as determined by the data processor from the current macroblock P, the reference macroblock 1 , and the motion vector m ⁇ V.
  • spatial resolution conversion of each macroblock is performed with single-channel interpolation or multi-channel interpolation depending on the type of frame and the magnitude of the motion vector for each macroblock.
  • human beings are more sensitive to the resolution of a stationary image than to the resolution of a moving image.
  • the stable and simple single-channel interpolation is used for the moving image area, and the multi-channel interpolation having higher visual quality is used for the stationary image area.

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  • Signal Processing (AREA)
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KR101377530B1 (ko) 2009-08-21 2014-03-27 에스케이텔레콤 주식회사 적응적 움직임 벡터 해상도를 이용한 영상 부호화/복호화 방법 및 장치
KR101678968B1 (ko) * 2009-08-21 2016-11-25 에스케이텔레콤 주식회사 참조 픽처 보간 방법 및 장치와 그를 이용한 영상 부호화/복호화 방법 및 장치
US20110158309A1 (en) * 2009-12-28 2011-06-30 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for determining reproduction accuracy of decompressed video
JP2011244210A (ja) * 2010-05-18 2011-12-01 Sony Corp 画像処理装置および方法
KR102085270B1 (ko) 2013-08-12 2020-03-05 삼성전자 주식회사 가장 작은 왜곡 값을 갖는 해상도를 선택하는 이미지 처리 방법과 상기 방법을 수행하는 장치들
KR102075207B1 (ko) * 2017-12-12 2020-02-10 전자부품연구원 부호화 유닛의 문맥을 사용하여 참조 프레임을 선택하는 영상 부호화 방법 및 장치
CN108833916B (zh) * 2018-06-20 2021-09-24 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 视频编码、解码方法、装置、存储介质和计算机设备
CN110572654B (zh) * 2019-09-27 2024-03-15 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 视频编码、解码方法和装置、存储介质及电子装置

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