US7537343B2 - Optotype presenting apparatus - Google Patents

Optotype presenting apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US7537343B2
US7537343B2 US11/826,625 US82662507A US7537343B2 US 7537343 B2 US7537343 B2 US 7537343B2 US 82662507 A US82662507 A US 82662507A US 7537343 B2 US7537343 B2 US 7537343B2
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optotype
display
examinee
switching
optotypes
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US20080018858A1 (en
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Yuichiro Kanazawa
Tatefumi Oda
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Nidek Co Ltd
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Nidek Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
    • A61B3/032—Devices for presenting test symbols or characters, e.g. test chart projectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optotype presenting apparatus arranged to present test optotypes for testing a visual function of an examinee's eye.
  • An optotype presenting apparatus arranged to display vision test optotypes (charts) on a display such as a liquid crystal display and present the optotypes to examinee's eyes has ever been known (for example, see Jpn. unexamined patent publication No. 2006-42978).
  • the optotype presenting apparatus of this type is located in use at a 5-m distance or others for a far vision test.
  • the apparatus configured to display the optotypes on the display can present various kinds of optotypes and quickly switch to another on the display.
  • the present invention has an object to provide an optotype presenting apparatus arranged to allow an examiner and an examinee to readily perceive switching to another optotype or chart for smoothly conducting tests.
  • an optotype presenting apparatus for testing a visual function of an eye of an examinee, the apparatus comprising: a display unit including a display which displays various optotypes by controlling a number of pixels and a memory in which the optotypes to be displayed on the display are stored; an operation unit for inputting a selection signal to select an optotype to be displayed on the display; and a display control unit for switching an optotype to the selected optotype in such a manner as to cause the optotype displayed before switching to disappear in response to the selection signal and then display the selected optotype after 0.05 second to 1.0 second from the disappearance of the optotype displayed before switching.
  • the invention provides an optotype presenting apparatus for testing a visual function of an eye of an examinee, the apparatus comprising: a display unit including a display which displays various optotypes by controlling a number of pixels and a memory in which the optotypes to be displayed on the display are stored; an operation unit for inputting a selection signal to select an optotype to be displayed on the display; and a display control unit for switching an optotype to the selected optotype in such a manner as to cause the optotype displayed before switching to disappear in response to the selection signal and then display the selected optotype after 0.05 second to 1.0 second from the disappearance of the optotype displayed before switching.
  • FIG. 1 is an external view of an optotype presenting apparatus of a preferred embodiment according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic control block diagram
  • FIGS. 3A to 3G are explanatory views to show optotypes to be displayed on a display.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4C are explanatory views to show switching of a single letter optotype for visual acuity test to another optotype.
  • FIG. 1 is an external view of an optotype presenting apparatus of the present embodiment.
  • a color liquid crystal display (LCD) 3 is provided to present optotypes (charts).
  • This display 3 used in the present embodiment has a 19-inch size to display a predetermined size of a test optotype 10 such as vision test optotypes for visual acuity of at least 0.1 to 2.0 (or vision test optotypes of sizes corresponding to the visual acuity), red-green test optotypes, and binocular vision test optotypes even where the apparatus is placed at a distance for a far vision test, e.g., 5 m.
  • the housing 2 is designed to have a thickness of as small as about 5 cm for allowing wall-mounted use.
  • a receiver 5 which receives a communication signal of infrared light from a remote controller 4 is provided.
  • the optotype 10 to be displayed is selected by operation of the remote controller 4 .
  • optotypes for visual acuity of 0.03 to 2.0 can be displayed.
  • the optotype 10 is displayed in almost the center of the display 3 .
  • a subjective refractive power test device a horopter
  • Red-green spectacles 30 have a red filter 30 R for a right eye and a green filter 30 G for a left eye. Using the red-green spectacles 30 , a binocular vision test on the examinee is carried out.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic control block diagram of the optotype presenting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment.
  • the display 3 , the receiver 5 , and a buzzer 9 for informing that the receiver 5 has received a signal from the remote controller 4 are connected to a control unit 20 .
  • the control unit 20 internally contains a memory 21 which stores various figures or patterns of optotypes or charts and a decoder circuit which decodes command signals from the remote controller 4 .
  • the remote controller 4 includes a plurality of buttons to be used for operating an apparatus main unit, and a liquid crystal display 41 which displays conditions selected with the buttons.
  • a button(s) of a vision optotype selector switch section 42 corresponding to visual acuity
  • an optotype corresponding to the visual acuity is displayed on the display 3 .
  • the same optotype is also displayed on the display 41 as well as the visual acuity.
  • a test optotype selector switch section 43 is operated to display optotypes for various vision tests such as a red-green test, a cross-cylinder test, and a binocular vision test.
  • An orientation selecting button 44 is pressed to change the orientation of the currently displayed optotype.
  • a visual acuity up/down button 45 is pressed to increase or decrease the visual acuity.
  • An optotype selecting button 47 is pressed to change a display pattern of the vision test optotypes on the display 3 from optotypes arranged in a horizontal line or a single letter optotype.
  • a transmitter 49 transmits a command signal from the remote controller 4 .
  • FIGS. 3A to 3G are explanatory views to show the optotype 10 to be displayed on the display 3 .
  • FIGS. 3A to 3C show Landolt rings in a vision test chart 100 .
  • the optotypes corresponding to the selected visual acuity are displayed in three horizontal lines as shown in FIG. 3A . In each line, four optotypes are arranged. In this example, the optotypes in a top line correspond to visual acuity 0.2, the optotypes in a middle line correspond to visual acuity 0.3, and the optotypes in a bottom line correspond to visual acuity 0.4.
  • the optotypes arranged in each line appear with gaps (slits) oriented in different directions.
  • the optotypes are switched to optotypes for visual acuity of 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 arranged in three lines, a chart with optotypes for visual acuity of 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 arranged in three lines, or a chart with optotypes for visual acuity of 1.2, 1.5, 2.0.
  • the button 47 When the button 47 is pressed while the three-line optotypes are appearing as shown in FIG. 3A , the screen image of the display 3 is switched to optotypes arranged in a single line as shown in FIG. 3B . When the button 47 is pressed again, it is switched to a single letter optotype arranged in the center of the display as shown in FIG. 3C . The direction of a gap of this optotype to be displayed is determined randomly by the control unit 20 .
  • vision test optotypes Landolt rings are explained as an example. Further, the tumbling E optotypes for making an examinee indicate orientations of the optotypes are also stored in the memory 21 .
  • vision test optotypes used for making an examinee identify letters
  • various kinds of test optotypes such as Hiragana (Japanese characteristics) optotypes, alphabet optotypes, and number optotypes are stored in the memory 21 .
  • Those optotypes can be selected with a selecting unit 22 connected to the control unit 20 according to countries or regions in which the apparatus is used.
  • FIG. 3D shows an example of a red-green chart 80 used to determine overcorrection in a refractive power test.
  • This chart 80 has a left-half red background 80 R and a right-half green background 80 G. If an examinee can see a graphic optotype 81 on the green background 80 G sharper than a graphic optotype 81 on the red background 80 R, correcting power is considered as overcorrection. In this case, the examiner should adjust spherical power appropriate for the examinee's eye so that the optotypes 81 on the backgrounds 80 G and 80 R appear equal or the graphic optotype 81 on the red background 80 R appears clearer.
  • FIG. 3E shows an example of a radial line chart (a clock dial chart) 90 for astigmatism test.
  • FIG. 3F shows an example of a heterophoria test chart 120 with a fusion optotype for binocular vision test.
  • the red-green spectacles 30 is used.
  • a background screen 125 of the display 3 appears in white.
  • Presented figures 120 G (a first figure) to be presented to only a right eye through the red filter 30 R are displayed in green.
  • presented figure 120R (a second figure) to be presented to only a left eye through the green filter 30 G are displayed in red.
  • a fusion optotype 121 to be presented to both eyes at the same time is displayed in black.
  • the heterophoria test charts may include Cross-ring charts, Worth four-point charts, and Cyclophoria charts, which can selectively be displayed.
  • FIG. 3G shows an example of an aniseiconia test chart 130 for binocular vision test.
  • a background screen 135 is displayed in white.
  • a presented figure 130G to be presented to only a right eye through the red filter 30 R is displayed in green.
  • a presented figure 130R to be presented to only a left eye through the green filter 30 G is displayed in red.
  • a fusion optotype 131 to be presented to both eyes at the same time is displayed in black.
  • the charts for binocular vision test may include stereo vision test charts not illustrated here.
  • the display 3 has a screen size capable of displaying the visual acuity test chart with the optotypes arranged in horizontal three lines or in a horizontal line as above, the red-green chart, the binocular vision test chart, and others even where the apparatus is placed at a distance for far vision test, e.g., 5 m from the examinee's eyes.
  • the examiner operates various buttons on the remote controller 4 to switch the test optotypes (charts) to conduct vision tests. Displaying of the test optotypes (charts) on the display 3 is controlled by the control unit 20 in response to an optotype switching (selection) signal output from the remote controller 4 .
  • FIGS. 4A to 4C An example of switching single letter optotypes in the vision test chart 100 is explained referring to FIGS. 4A to 4C .
  • the single letter optotype of the vision test chart is displayed in such a manner that a button of the switch section 42 corresponding to desired visual acuity is pressed, displaying optotypes in three lines, and then the button 47 is pressed.
  • This single letter optotype appears in the center of the display 3 .
  • FIG. 4A shows a case where a Landolt ring 101 with a leftward gap is displayed. When any button 44 is pressed, the Landolt ring is switched to another Landolt ring with a different-side gap while having the same center position and visual acuity.
  • FIG. 4C shows a Landolt ring 102 with a rightward gap.
  • the optotype 101 in FIG. 4A and the optotype 102 in FIG. 4C are equal in visual acuity and different only in gap position
  • the switching of the screen image of the display 3 is usually performed immediately by the control unit 20 . If switching from the optotype 101 to the optotype 102 is also conducted immediately, the examinee cannot identify the switching to the optotype 102 even when he/she looks at the display 3 if his/her visual acuity is not sufficiently high as compared with visual acuity of the displayed optotype (or if he/she can barely read the optotype). The same applies to the examiner. If the examiner could not certainly identify the switching to another optotype, he/she cannot determine reliably whether or not a response of the examinee is correct. Thus, the test could not be conducted smoothly.
  • Switching of optotypes or charts may also be informed by a sound generated from the buzzer 9 .
  • the sound may be insufficient to inform the switching.
  • the optotype on the display 3 cannot be switched to another by the control unit 20 .
  • the screen image of the display 41 of the remote controller 4 can be switched by the optotype switching signal. In this case, when the examiner does not perceive the switching of the optotype on the display 3 , he/she may give erroneous decision by looking the optotype displayed on the display 41 .
  • the control unit 20 controls the screen image of the display 3 to cause the test optotype to disappear once as shown in FIG. 4B for a duration of time T needed for the examiner/examinee to readily identify the switching without immediately switching the optotype 101 to the optotype 102 in a conventional manner.
  • the time T for which the optotype disappears is set to 0.2 second in the present embodiment.
  • the disappearance time T is not limited to 0.2 second and may variously be set to appropriate values.
  • the disappearance time T has to be long enough to make a person who looks at the display 3 reliably identify that a disappearance state has passed. A human eye can continuously perceive changes at a speed of 1/30 second. Accordingly, the disappearance time T is preferably determined to be longer such speed, i.e., to be 0.05 second or more. On the contrary, if the disappearance time T is too long, on the other hand, a person who looks at the display 3 may feel that the time until the optotype is switched to another is lengthy. Considering this problem, the disappearance time T is preferably 0.05 second to 1.0 second and, more preferably, 0.1 second to 0.5 second.
  • the above explanation is made on the case of switching of the visual acuity test optotypes equal in visual acuity (equal in size).
  • the next test optotype is displayed after the time T from disappearance of the current optotype.
  • the optotypes arranged in several horizontal lines as in FIG. 3A or the optotypes arranged in a horizontal single line as in FIG. 3B similarly, the next test optotypes are displayed after the time T from disappearance of the current optotypes.
  • test optotypes in the red-green chart, the radial line chart for astigmatism test, and the binocular vision test chart exemplified in FIGS. 3D to 3G are larger in size and very different in shape.
  • the switching of those test optotypes (charts) is easily visually perceivable.
  • the switching of those test optotypes also may be controlled so that next optotypes (charts) appear after the time T from disappearance of the current optotypes (charts) in the same manner as the visual acuity test optotypes (charts).
  • next optotypes appear after the time T from disappearance of the current optotypes (charts) in the same manner as the visual acuity test optotypes (charts).
  • some persons may feel it lengthier.
  • the screen image of the display 3 is controlled to switch such optotypes quickly (in a shorter time than the time T). Whether or not the optotypes obviously visually perceivable when switched to another should be switched with the disappearance time T can be selected with the selecting unit 22 .

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JP2006200121A JP5026011B2 (ja) 2006-07-21 2006-07-21 視標呈示装置

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US20090213327A1 (en) * 2006-04-28 2009-08-27 Nidek Co., Ltd Vision Test Pattern Indicator
US20110025611A1 (en) * 2009-08-03 2011-02-03 Nike, Inc. Multi-Touch Display And Input For Vision Testing And Training
US20110211163A1 (en) * 2010-03-01 2011-09-01 Patricia Ann Meuse Adaptive visual performance testing system
US8483486B1 (en) * 2011-02-11 2013-07-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Automatic landolt C gap detection software architecture for image quality analysis
US8620069B1 (en) 2011-02-11 2013-12-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Automatic triangle orientation detection algrorithm
US20160352974A1 (en) * 2015-05-27 2016-12-01 Allan N. Hytowitz Using Comparative Pixel and Luminance Adjustment for Creating a Varying Acuity Perception
US9679216B2 (en) 2015-05-07 2017-06-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Morphological automatic triangle orientation detection
US10168549B2 (en) 2014-11-14 2019-01-01 Carl Zeiss Vision International Gmbh Optical visual aid with additional astigmatism
US10413172B2 (en) 2017-12-11 2019-09-17 1-800 Contacts, Inc. Digital visual acuity eye examination for remote physician assessment

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7690790B2 (en) * 2006-04-28 2010-04-06 Nidek Co., Ltd. Vision test pattern indicator
US20090213327A1 (en) * 2006-04-28 2009-08-27 Nidek Co., Ltd Vision Test Pattern Indicator
US20110025611A1 (en) * 2009-08-03 2011-02-03 Nike, Inc. Multi-Touch Display And Input For Vision Testing And Training
US9055904B2 (en) * 2009-08-03 2015-06-16 Nike, Inc. Multi-touch display and input for vision testing and training
US8864312B2 (en) 2010-03-01 2014-10-21 Alcon Research, Ltd. Adaptive visual performance testing system
US20110211163A1 (en) * 2010-03-01 2011-09-01 Patricia Ann Meuse Adaptive visual performance testing system
US8534839B2 (en) 2010-03-01 2013-09-17 Alcon Research, Ltd. Adaptive visual performance testing system
US8620069B1 (en) 2011-02-11 2013-12-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Automatic triangle orientation detection algrorithm
US8483486B1 (en) * 2011-02-11 2013-07-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Automatic landolt C gap detection software architecture for image quality analysis
US10168549B2 (en) 2014-11-14 2019-01-01 Carl Zeiss Vision International Gmbh Optical visual aid with additional astigmatism
US9679216B2 (en) 2015-05-07 2017-06-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Morphological automatic triangle orientation detection
US9773183B2 (en) 2015-05-07 2017-09-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Morphological automatic Landolt C orientation detection
US20160352974A1 (en) * 2015-05-27 2016-12-01 Allan N. Hytowitz Using Comparative Pixel and Luminance Adjustment for Creating a Varying Acuity Perception
US10413172B2 (en) 2017-12-11 2019-09-17 1-800 Contacts, Inc. Digital visual acuity eye examination for remote physician assessment

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CN101108118A (zh) 2008-01-23
EP1880663A1 (en) 2008-01-23
KR20080009011A (ko) 2008-01-24
US20080018858A1 (en) 2008-01-24
JP2008023129A (ja) 2008-02-07
EP1880663B1 (en) 2013-11-20
JP5026011B2 (ja) 2012-09-12
KR101394714B1 (ko) 2014-05-15
CN101108118B (zh) 2010-12-29

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