US20020021108A1 - Battery charging/discharging apparatus and battery charging/discharging method - Google Patents

Battery charging/discharging apparatus and battery charging/discharging method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020021108A1
US20020021108A1 US09/882,403 US88240301A US2002021108A1 US 20020021108 A1 US20020021108 A1 US 20020021108A1 US 88240301 A US88240301 A US 88240301A US 2002021108 A1 US2002021108 A1 US 2002021108A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
battery
remaining capacity
capacity value
microcomputer
value
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Abandoned
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US09/882,403
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English (en)
Inventor
Mamoru Suzuki
Hideyuki Sato
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Sony Corp
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Sony Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sony Corp filed Critical Sony Corp
Assigned to SONY CORPORATION reassignment SONY CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SATO, HIDEYUKI, SUZUKI, MAMORU
Publication of US20020021108A1 publication Critical patent/US20020021108A1/en
Priority to US10/658,931 priority Critical patent/US6828761B1/en
Priority to US11/178,674 priority patent/US7071654B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
    • G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a charging/discharging apparatus, and particularly to a battery charging/discharging apparatus and a battery charging/discharging method in which the remaining capacity of a battery can be determined with high accuracy.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example structure of a conventional battery pack 1 .
  • the battery pack 1 includes cells 12 - 1 and 12 - 2 connected in series (hereinafter collectively referred to as “battery 12 ”, unless the cells 12 - 1 and 12 - 2 should be discriminated), which may comprise lithium ion batteries, for powering electronic devices.
  • the positive electrode of the cell 12 - 1 is connected to a battery terminal 11 - 1 while the negative electrode of the cell 12 - 2 is connected to a battery terminal 11 - 2 via a resistor 13 provided for current detection and a protection device 14 .
  • the battery terminals 11 - 1 and 11 - 2 are connected to connection terminals of the electronic device so that the electronic device can be powered by the battery 12 .
  • a cell voltage detector 15 detects a cell voltage when the cell 12 - 1 and the cell 12 - 2 are connected in series, and outputs the detection result to a microcomputer 17 .
  • a charging/discharging current detector 16 detects the direction and value of voltage drop due to the current flowing to the resistor 13 in order to detect the existence of a charging current or a discharging current. The result is then output to the microcomputer 17 .
  • the protection device 14 protects the battery 12 from being overcharged or overdischarged.
  • the microcomputer 17 calculates the remaining battery capacity value based on the cell voltage supplied from the cell voltage detector 15 , and stores the resulting value in an internal memory 17 a .
  • the microcomputer 17 switches to wake-up mode if a charging current or a discharging current is supplied from the charging/discharging current detector 16 or if it receives incoming data from the outside. If no charging/discharging current is supplied within a predetermined time or if no incoming data is received while it is in wake-up mode, the microcomputer 17 switches to sleep mode.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the process for calculating the remaining battery capacity value of the battery pack 1 shown in FIG. 1.
  • step Si the microcomputer 17 determines whether or not the battery 12 has been charged, i.e., whether or not a charging current has been supplied from the charging/discharging current detector 16 . If it is determined at step Si that the battery 12 has been charged, the process proceeds to step S 2 , in which the additional capacity value is calculated by equation (1) as follows:
  • step S 3 the microcomputer 17 reads the remaining capacity value stored in the memory 17 a , and calculates the up-to-date remaining capacity value by equation (2) as follows:
  • up-to-date remaining capacity value remaining capacity value read from the memory 17 a +additional capacity value (2)
  • step S 3 the microcomputer 17 stores the up-to-date remaining capacity value calculated by equation (2) in the memory 17 a or updates the existing remaining capacity value, and the process returns to step Si to iterate the above-described operation.
  • step S 1 If it is determined at step S 1 that the battery 12 has not been charged, the process proceeds to step S 4 , in which the microcomputer 17 further determines whether or not the battery 12 has been discharged, i.e., whether or not a discharging current has been supplied from the charging/discharging current detector 16 . If it is determined at step S 4 that it has not been discharged, the process returns to step Si to iterate the above-described operation.
  • step S 4 If it is determined at step S 4 that the battery 12 has been discharged, the process proceeds to step S 5 , in which the microcomputer 17 calculates the reduced capacity value by equation (3) as follows:
  • step S 6 the microcomputer 17 reads the remaining capacity value stored in the memory 17 a , and calculates the up-to-date remaining capacity value by equation (4) as follows:
  • step S 6 the microcomputer 17 stores the up-to-date remaining capacity value calculated by equation (4) in the memory 17 a or updates the existing remaining capacity value, and the process returns to step Si to iterate the above-described operation.
  • the calculation process using a charging current or a discharging current is performed to determine the remaining battery capacity.
  • the microcomputer 17 utilizes the power supplied from the battery 12 in order to determine the remaining battery capacity. Hence, when the battery is in standby mode (when the remaining battery capacity calculation process is not performed), the microcomputer 17 switches to sleep mode in order to reduce the power consumption of the microcomputer 17 . This may suppress discharge current (leakage current) of the battery 12 in standby mode.
  • the microcomputer 17 switches to wake-up mode; however, discharge current (leakage current) when the battery is in standby mode is minute, and thus cannot be detected by the charging/discharging current detector 16 .
  • the microcomputer 17 If the microcomputer 17 is forced not to enter sleep mode and is allowed to detect the standby current, the current will be minute, and will not be able to be precisely detected. There still exists such a problem that an error occurs between the remaining capacity value stored in the memory 17 a and the actual capacity value.
  • a battery charging/discharging apparatus for determining the remaining capacity of a battery includes a measuring unit for measuring a standby time of the battery, a correction value calculating unit for calculating a correction value for the remaining capacity of the battery based on the standby time measured by the measuring unit, and a correcting unit for correcting a current remaining capacity value of the battery based on the correction value calculated by the correction value calculating unit.
  • the battery charging/discharging apparatus may further include a determining unit for determining whether or not the standby time has reached a predetermined time.
  • the correction value calculating unit may calculate the correction value for the remaining capacity of the battery at a predetermined time interval based on the result of the determining unit.
  • a battery charging/discharging method for determining the remaining capacity of a battery includes the steps of measuring a standby time of the battery, calculating a correction value for the remaining capacity of the battery based on the standby time measured in the measuring step, and correcting a current remaining capacity value of the battery based on the correction value calculated in the calculating step.
  • the correction value is calculated based on the standby time of the battery, and is used to correct currently stored remaining capacity value of the battery. This enables the remaining battery capacity to be determined with high accuracy.
  • a battery charging/discharging apparatus for determining the remaining capacity of a battery includes a detecting unit for detecting a cell voltage, a reading unit for reading an appropriate remaining capacity value based on the cell voltage detected by the detecting unit, a comparing unit for comparing the appropriate remaining capacity value read by the reading unit with a currently stored remaining capacity value, and an updating unit for updating the currently stored remaining capacity value based on the result of the comparing unit.
  • the battery charging/discharging apparatus may further include a setting unit for setting the appropriate remaining capacity value that is suitable for the cell voltage.
  • a battery charging/discharging method for determining the remaining capacity of a battery includes the steps of detecting a cell voltage, reading an appropriate remaining capacity value based on the cell voltage detected in the detecting step, comparing the appropriate remaining capacity value read in the reading step with a currently stored remaining capacity value, and updating the currently stored remaining capacity value based on the result in the comparing step.
  • an appropriate remaining capacity value is read.
  • the read remaining capacity value is then compared with a currently stored remaining capacity value to update the currently stored remaining capacity value based on the comparing result. This enables the remaining battery capacity to be determined at low cost with ease.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example structure of a conventional battery pack
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the process for calculating the remaining capacity of the battery pack shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the process for correcting the remaining battery capacity value according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the process for correcting the remaining battery capacity value according to a modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the process for correcting the remaining battery capacity value according to another modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a battery pack 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the same reference numerals are assigned to the parts corresponding to those in the conventional one shown in FIG. 1, and a description thereof is thus omitted as appropriate.
  • the battery pack 1 includes cell voltage detectors 15 - 1 and 15 - 2 coupled to the cells 12 - 1 and 12 - 2 , respectively, to detect cell voltages with higher accuracy, and further includes a timer 21 .
  • Other parts are constructed in the same manner as those in the conventional one shown in FIG. 1.
  • the cell voltage detector 15 - 1 detects the cell voltage of the cell 12 - 1 , and outputs the detection result to the microcomputer 17 .
  • the cell voltage detector 15 - 2 detects the cell voltage of the cell 12 - 2 , and outputs the detection result to the microcomputer 17 .
  • the microcomputer 17 calculates the remaining battery capacity value based on the cell voltages supplied from the cell voltage detectors 15 - 1 and 15 - 2 , and stores the resulting value in the internal memory 17 a.
  • the microcomputer 17 switches to sleep mode. Then, the microcomputer 17 controls the timer 21 so as to start measuring the standby time. If a charging current or a discharging current is detected, the microcomputer 17 switches to wake-up mode. Then, the microcomputer 17 controls the timer 21 so as to stop measuring the standby time, and reads the measured standby time. Based on the standby time read, the microcomputer 17 calculates the correction value using a calculation process, as will be described, to correct the remaining battery capacity value.
  • the timer 21 In response to the instruction from the microcomputer 17 , the timer 21 starts measuring the standby time. The timer 21 also stops measuring the standby time in response to the instruction of the microcomputer 17 .
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the process which is performed by the microcomputer 17 for correcting the remaining battery capacity value of the battery pack 1 shown in FIG. 3.
  • step S 11 the microcomputer 17 determines whether or not the battery 12 has been discharged or charged, i.e., whether or not a discharging current or a charging current has been detected by the charging/discharging current detector 16 within a predetermined time, e.g., 10 seconds. If it is determined at step S 11 that the battery 12 has not been discharged or charged within the predetermined time, the process proceeds to step S 12 .
  • the microcomputer 17 controls the timer 21 so as to start measuring the standby time, before switching to sleep mode.
  • the microcomputer 17 determines whether or not the battery 12 has been discharged or charged, i.e., whether or not a discharging current or a charging current has been detected by the charging/discharging current detector 16 . If it is determined at step S 14 that the battery 12 has not been discharged or charged, the process returns to step S 13 , in which the microcomputer 17 waits while it remains in sleep mode. If it is determined at step S 14 that the battery 12 has been discharged or charged, the process proceeds to step S 15 .
  • step S 14 the microcomputer 17 switches to wake-up mode at step S 15 .
  • steps S 16 and S 17 the microcomputer 17 controls the timer 21 so as to stop measuring the standby time, and reads the measured standby time. The microcomputer 17 then resets the timer 21 .
  • step S 18 the microcomputer 17 calculates the correction value from the standby time read at step S 17 by equation (5) as follows:
  • step S 19 the microcomputer 17 reads the remaining capacity value stored in the memory 17 a , and calculates the up-to-date remaining capacity value by equation (6) as follows.
  • step S 19 the microcomputer 17 stores the up-to-date remaining capacity value calculated by equation (6) in the memory 17 a or updates the existing remaining capacity value, and the process returns to step S 11 to iterate the above-described operation.
  • the standby current, the battery self-discharge current, and the standby time are used to calculate the correction value in this way, and the remaining battery capacity can therefore be corrected with high accuracy.
  • the correction process is performed at fixed time intervals while the microcomputer 17 is in wake-up mode, thus the remaining battery capacity value can be more accurately corrected.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the process for correcting the remaining battery capacity value according to a modification of the embodiment of the present invention, in which the remaining battery capacity value is corrected at a fixed time interval.
  • step S 31 the microcomputer 17 determines whether or not the battery 12 has been discharged or charged within a predetermined time. If it is determined at step S 31 that it has not been discharged or charged within the predetermined time, the process proceeds to step S 32 .
  • the microcomputer 17 controls the timer 21 so as to start measuring the standby time, before switching to sleep mode.
  • the microcomputer 17 determines whether or not a preset time has elapsed. The period in which an overflow does not occur is set in advance as the preset time, and when the preset time has elapsed, the timer 21 notifies the microcomputer 17 of the elapse of the preset time. That is, the microcomputer 17 determines whether or not it receives a command from the timer 21 indicating that the preset time has elapsed.
  • step S 34 If it is determined at step S 34 that the preset time has elapsed, the process proceeds to step S 35 , in which the microcomputer 17 switches to wake-up mode in response to the command from the timer 21 .
  • step S 36 the microcomputer 17 resets the timer 21 .
  • the microcomputer 17 calculates the correction value from equation (5), and further calculates the up-to-date remaining capacity value from equation (6). Then, the microcomputer 17 stores the up-to-date remaining capacity value in the memory 17 a or updates the existing remaining capacity value, and the process returns to step S 31 to iterate the above-described operation.
  • step S 31 If it is determined at step S 31 that the battery 12 has been discharged or charged within the predetermined time, or if it is determined at step S 14 that the preset time has not elapsed, the process proceeds to step S 39 .
  • steps S 39 to S 44 is the same as that of steps S 14 to S 19 as previously described with reference to FIG. 4, and a description thereof is thus omitted.
  • the standby current, the battery self-discharge current, and the standby time are used to calculate the correction value at fixed time intervals, thus the remaining battery capacity may be corrected with high accuracy even when the battery pack 1 is in standby mode for a long time.
  • the timer 21 is used to measure the standby time, and the remaining battery capacity value is corrected based on the resulting standby time. Instead, cell voltages may be detected to correct the remaining battery capacity value at low cost with ease although the correction accuracy is not higher than that when an additional timer is provided.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the process for correcting the remaining battery capacity value according to another modification of the embodiment of the present invention, in which the remaining battery capacity value is corrected based on cell voltages.
  • step S 51 the microcomputer 17 determines whether or not the battery 12 has been discharged or charged within a predetermined time. If it is determined at step S 51 that it has not been discharged or charged within the predetermined time, the process proceeds to step S 52 , in which the microcomputer 17 switches to sleep mode.
  • step S 51 If it is determined at step S 51 that the battery 12 has been discharged or charged, the process proceeds to step S 53 , in which the microcomputer 17 switches to wake-up mode.
  • step S 54 the microcomputer 17 detects the cell voltages supplied by the cell voltage detectors 15 - 1 and 15 - 2 .
  • the microcomputer 17 reads appropriate remaining capacity value from the memory 17 a based on the cell voltages detected at step S 54 .
  • the remaining battery capacity value suitable for each cell voltage is set and is stored in the memory 17 a.
  • step S 56 the microcomputer 17 reads the current remaining capacity value stored in the memory 17 a , and determines whether or not it is greater than the remaining capacity value which is read based on the cell voltages at step S 55 .
  • step S 56 If it is determined at step S 56 that the current remaining capacity value stored in the memory 17 a is greater than the remaining capacity value which is read based on the cell voltages, the process proceeds step S 57 , in which the microcomputer 17 stores the remaining capacity value which is read based on the cell voltages as the current remaining capacity value in the memory 17 a or updates the current remaining capacity value. Then, the process returns to step S 51 to iterate the above-described operation.
  • step S 56 If it is determined at step S 56 that the current remaining capacity value stored in the memory 17 a is not greater than, i.e., equal to, the remaining capacity value which is read based on the cell voltages, the process skips step S 57 (without updating the current remaining capacity value) back to step S 51 to iterate the above-described operation.
  • the current remaining capacity value is updated with the remaining capacity value which is read based on the cell voltages. This allows significant deviations of the remaining capacity value to be corrected even when no timer is used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
US09/882,403 2000-06-16 2001-06-15 Battery charging/discharging apparatus and battery charging/discharging method Abandoned US20020021108A1 (en)

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US10/658,931 US6828761B1 (en) 2000-06-16 2003-09-09 Battery charging/discharging apparatus and battery charging/discharging method
US11/178,674 US7071654B2 (en) 2000-06-16 2005-07-11 Battery charging/discharging apparatus and battery charging/discharging method

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JP2000180675A JP4642185B2 (ja) 2000-06-16 2000-06-16 バッテリーパック

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US11/178,674 Continuation US7071654B2 (en) 2000-06-16 2005-07-11 Battery charging/discharging apparatus and battery charging/discharging method

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US11/178,674 Expired - Lifetime US7071654B2 (en) 2000-06-16 2005-07-11 Battery charging/discharging apparatus and battery charging/discharging method

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