US11198200B2 - Machine spindle assembly for a machine tool - Google Patents

Machine spindle assembly for a machine tool Download PDF

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Publication number
US11198200B2
US11198200B2 US16/495,565 US201816495565A US11198200B2 US 11198200 B2 US11198200 B2 US 11198200B2 US 201816495565 A US201816495565 A US 201816495565A US 11198200 B2 US11198200 B2 US 11198200B2
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Prior art keywords
spindle
machine
arrangement according
rotor
traverse feed
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US16/495,565
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US20200108477A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Dorn
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Gebrueder Heller Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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Gebrueder Heller Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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Assigned to GEBR. HELLER MASCHINENFABRIK GMBH reassignment GEBR. HELLER MASCHINENFABRIK GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DORN, THOMAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/26—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports characterised by constructional features relating to the co-operation of relatively movable members; Means for preventing relative movement of such members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B29/00—Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
    • B23B29/03—Boring heads
    • B23B29/034—Boring heads with tools moving radially, e.g. for making chamfers or undercuttings
    • B23B29/03432—Boring heads with tools moving radially, e.g. for making chamfers or undercuttings radially adjustable during manufacturing
    • B23B29/03489—Adjustment means not specified or not covered by the groups B23B29/03435 - B23B29/03478
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2260/00—Details of constructional elements
    • B23B2260/11—Planetary drives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine spindle arrangement for a machine tool, wherein the machine spindle arrangement comprises a spindle with a replaceable spindle insert, a motor and a traverse feed arrangement, and if applicable additional function and assembly groups.
  • Machine tools particularly for chip removing machining of a workpiece, typically contain at least one spindle that is configured to receive a tool.
  • Shank taper tool holding fixtures normally serve for this purpose, in which a tool or tool holder can be inserted in order to guide a tool relative to a workpiece in the space and in doing so to let the tool perform defined movements, e.g. rotating movements.
  • a motor serves for driving, the rotor of which is drivingly connected with the spindle.
  • these components are mounted at a slide that is moveably guided in at least one direction, preferably linearly in order to guide the rotatingly driven tool along a predefined path.
  • Such a machine spindle arrangement is combined by assembly with the machine tool and forms part thereof.
  • the spindle support is arranged at the slide that also carries the motor.
  • the configuration is quite space requiring. This particularly applies, if the working spindle is provided with a traverse feed arrangement.
  • Such traverse feed arrangements for operating tools are known, such as it can be derived, for example, from DE 44 21 583 A1.
  • the facing head disclosed there is substantially cylindrically configured and comprises radially moveable tools that protrude at the end face.
  • An axially moveable adjustment shaft, guided in the spindle, serves for their movement.
  • DE 10 2014 019 175 A1 discloses a tool with an axially slideable adjustment shaft for radial movement of cutting edges.
  • the machine spindle arrangement comprises a motor with a rotatably supported rotor and a stator, wherein the rotor is torque-proof connected with the spindle and thus serves as direct drive for the spindle.
  • the spindle is rotatably supported in a spindle neck that is flanged to the stator of the motor. Particularly between the spindle neck and the motor no other functional assembly group is provided, such that a particular rigid and vibration-resistant configuration of the spindle neck and thus a rigid, low vibration support of the spindle is provided.
  • the spindle and the rotor that is torque-proof coupled with it, comprise an axial passage through which the traverse feed shaft extends that is arranged concentrically to the spindle. Additionally, an axially shiftably supported releasing sleeve can extend through the passage that surrounds the traverse feed shaft and serves to fix and release a tool in the tool holding fixture of the spindle. This releasing sleeve can be torque-proof connected with the rotor, in order to not carry out a relative rotation with regard to it.
  • an angle adjustment transmission is provided that is supported at the side of the motor facing away from the spindle neck.
  • the traverse feed drive a rotating speed independent angle rotation between the spindle and the traverse feed shaft can be effectuated during rotation of the spindle.
  • the spindle that has to transmit the tool-driving torque is directly connected to the rotor by a short way, whereas the traverse feed shaft that has to transmit only small adjustment torques, if applicable, is connected with the angle adjustment transmission or the spindle along a longer way. In doing so, a very compact, rigid and concurrently slim configuration is achieved.
  • the machine spindle arrangement comprises an axial bearing contact surface in the spindle neck, to which an axial positioning surface of the spindle insert is assigned.
  • the axial positioning surface and the spindle contact surface are attuned with regard to each other, such that the axial positioning of the spindle insert is example-independent effective with high accuracy.
  • the spindle bearing device preferably comprises at least one axial bearing component and at least one radial bearing component.
  • the positioning surface belongs to the axial bearing component that obtains its contact and position in the assembled condition at the bearing contact surface of the spindle neck.
  • the rotor comprises a rotor bearing device that is particularly configured as radial bearing device. Axial forces resulting from the tool and the tool-workpiece-engagement are supported by the bearing of the spindle insert and preferably not transmitted from the spindle to the rotor.
  • a form fit coupling e.g. a denture clutch with low rotational clearance, is provided between the spindle insert and the rotor that allows an axial relative movement between the rotor and the spindle insert.
  • a form fit switchable coupling device can be provided between the rotor and the traverse feed shaft that is configured to selectively couple the traverse feed shaft and the rotor by form fit or release a relative rotation.
  • the coupling device can be engaged and disengaged, e.g. by an axial movement of the traverse feed shaft. In coupled condition a totally synchronous rotation of the spindle insert and the traverse feed shaft is ensured. Also unexpected changes of the rotational speed, as for example due to power breakdown, emergency shutdown or the like, do not lead to an uncontrolled relative movement and thus an uncontrolled radial adjustment of components at the tool.
  • the spindle neck is directly flanged at first face of the stator and supported by it, the compactness, low vibration and the centering of the masses that are present at the machine spindle arrangement benefit therefrom. It is further an advantage, if the angle adjustment transmission and releasing unit for the tool holding fixture, if applicable, are arranged at the other face of the stator facing away from the spindle neck. The center of mass of this machine spindle arrangement is then substantially positioned in the inside of the motor, thus also quick adjustment movements of the machine spindle arrangement with high accuracy and without excitation of unhealthful vibrations can be executed.
  • the machine spindle arrangement forms insofar a pre-assembled unit that can be connected or released from a machine slide as a whole.
  • the motor comprises a connection surface for fixing the machine spindle arrangement radially and axially at the machine slide.
  • the spindle neck can comprise a support surface for radially supporting at the machine slide, e.g. in order to directly transfer machining forces into the machine slide.
  • the support surface can be a circumferential surface of the spindle neck.
  • FIG. 1 a machine tool in a schematic simplified illustration
  • FIG. 2 a machine spindle of the machine tool according to FIG. 1 in a schematic partly sectional illustration
  • FIG. 3 a principle illustration of components of the machine spindle according to FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a machine tool 10 that serves for chipping machining of workpieces 11 .
  • the workpiece 11 illustrated symbolically in FIG. 1 by a rectangle is clamped on a workpiece table 12 that is fixed or moveably supported by a machine frame 13 .
  • the workpiece table 12 can be arranged linearly and/or rotatably moveable about one or more horizontal and/or vertical axes respectively.
  • Tools that serve for machining of the workpiece 11 are typically stored in a tool magazine and can be inserted and replaced by suitable means in a machine spindle 14 .
  • a spindle head is shown as tool 15 that comprises at least one radially adjustable cutting edge 16 .
  • the radial adjustability is illustrated in FIG. 1 by means of a flash that is orientated radial to the rotation axis 17 .
  • the machine spindle 14 is configured to rotate the tool 15 and to selectively adjust the cutting edge 16 radially, if needed. Also other tools with radial adjustment of grinding or cutting elements can be received by the machine spindle 14 .
  • the machine spindle 14 is supported by a slide 18 that, together with the machine spindle 14 , has additional elements, like for example a motor 19 , a tool releasing device 20 and/or an angle adjustment transmission 21 , as it is illustrated in FIG. 2 .
  • the spindle 14 , the motor 19 , the tool releasing device 20 and the angle adjustment transmission 21 form a machine spindle arrangement that defines an individual unit 22 .
  • the unit 22 comprises a connection surface 23 that is preferably arranged at the outer circumference of the motor 20 .
  • the surface extends preferably around the motor 19 , wherein it can be formed continuously or with interruptions.
  • the connection surface 23 can be a cylinder surface or also a surface that has a different cross-section, e.g. a polygonal cross-section. It serves to radially and axially fix the unit 22 , wherein the slide 18 comprises a respective seating surface 24 matching with the connection surface 23 . Due to the rigid support and holding of the motor 19 at its connection surface 23 , the whole unit formed by the machine spindle arrangement 22 is fixedly supported.
  • the slide 18 can comprise a tube-shaped extension 25 or any other holder that receives a part of the machine spindle 14 and supports it in radial direction.
  • the machine spindle 14 can comprise a support surface 26 that is formed by a section of the peripheral surface of the machine spindle 14 .
  • the machine spindle arrangement 22 comprises the motor 19 containing a stator 27 and a rotor 28 .
  • the motor 19 can be configured as synchronous motor, asynchronous motor, direct current motor or any other electric motor, wherein it is configured with regard to power, rotational speed and torque for the drive of the tool 15 without intermediate transmission (transmissionless direct drive).
  • the rotor 28 comprises a supported hollow shaft 31 that is preferably supported by roller bearings at front side bearing shields 29 , 30 , wherein the hollow shaft 31 is coupled with a spindle 32 inside the working area and thus at the side facing the tool 15 .
  • the spindle 32 and the hollow shaft 31 are both concentrically arranged to the same rotating axis 17 .
  • any suitable coupling means can be used that effectuates a torque-proof coupling and concurrently allows at least small radial and/or axial equalizing movements, as e.g. cylindrical gear toothing, spline toothing or the like.
  • the spindle 32 is configured hollowly and comprises at its end facing away from the motor 19 a tool holding fixture 33 that is, for example, suitable for receiving hollow shank tapers or otherwise standardized tool couplings or couplings of tool holders.
  • a releasing shaft 34 serves for locking such tools in the tool holding fixture 33 , wherein the releasing shaft 34 is tube-like configured and extends through the hollow shaft 31 of the rotor 28 as well as through the spindle 32 .
  • the releasing shaft 34 that is particularly also illustrated in FIG. 3 , carries connection means for coupling at a respective coupling structure of the tool or the tool holder in the region of the tool holding fixture 33 .
  • the releasing shaft 34 is biased away from the tool holding fixture 33 by not illustrated spring means. For releasing of the tool the releasing shaft 34 is moved by means of the tool releasing device 20 in direction toward the tool (to the left in FIG. 2 ).
  • the spindle 32 is rotatably supported by a plurality of bearings, particularly roller bearings, in the spindle neck 35 .
  • This spindle neck 35 is rigidly screwed with the stator 27 of the motor.
  • a disc flange of the spindle neck 35 directly adjoins the tool side face of the motor 19 that is formed in the embodiment by the bearing shield 29 or another structure ending the stator 27 . Due to this configuration, an optimized alignment of the spindle 32 and the hollow shaft 31 to the rotating axis 17 and a very compact construction is achieved.
  • the spindle 32 together with two bearings 36 , 37 the spindle 32 and, as appropriate, additional parts connected with the spindle 32 , forms a spindle insert that can be replaced as wear part as a whole, e.g. if wear of the bearing or wear of the tool holding fixture 33 occurs.
  • the spindle 32 defines the position of the tool cutting edges of received tools, it is decisive that the spindle 32 comprises the same axial position as the spindle that was formerly received by the spindle neck 35 independent of eventual production tolerances.
  • the spindle neck 35 comprises an axial bearing contact surface 38 that can be formed, for example by a ring-shaped planar surface at a step of the inner passage of the spindle neck 35 .
  • the bearing contact surface 38 serves for axial contact of the bearing 37 that can be the axial bearing component of the complete bearing device formed by the bearings 36 , 37 .
  • An axial positioning surface 39 is assigned to the axial bearing contact surface 38 that is directly formed at the bearing 37 or at shims or adjusting rings that can be positioned between the bearing 37 and the bearing contact surface 38 .
  • a torque-proof coupling device 40 is arranged that can, for example be formed by engaging cylindrical toothing of the spindle 32 and the hollow shaft 31 .
  • This coupling device 40 allows slight axial and/or radial-relative movements, such that the axial position of the spindle 32 is defined solely by the positioning surface 39 and the axial contact surface 38 .
  • the tube-like configured releasing shaft 34 extends through the spindle 32 and the hollow shaft 31 , wherein the releasing shaft 34 is axially moveable, whereas it is preferably torque-proof coupled with the hollow shaft 31 and/or the spindle 32 .
  • Assigned to the releasing shaft 34 is an actuator 41 that is symbolically shown in FIG. 2 , which can be formed by a pressurized air cylinder and form part of the tool releasing device 20 .
  • the hollow shaft 31 and the spindle 32 delimit an axial passage, for which a traverse feed shaft 42 extends that is concentrically arranged to the rotating axis 17 .
  • the traverse feed shaft 42 extends concurrently through the releasing shaft 34 that is in the axial passage of the hollow shaft 31 and the spindle 32 .
  • the traverse feed shaft 42 and the releasing shaft 34 are arranged coaxially with regard to each other.
  • the traverse feed shaft 42 can be torque-proof coupled with the hollow shaft 31 of the rotor 28 by a switchable coupling device 43 .
  • the torque transmission can be provided via the releasing shaft 34 , i.e. the coupling device 43 can be effectively arranged between the releasing shaft 34 and the traverse feed shaft 42 , if the releasing shaft 34 is torque-proof connected with the hollow shaft 31 .
  • the releasing shaft 34 can comprise an inner profile toothing at one end, with which profile teeth of the traverse feed shaft 42 can be engaged and disengaged by shifting the traverse feed shaft 42 axially back and forth accordingly.
  • the angle adjustment transmission 21 is a planetary gearing with two planetary gear sets.
  • the planetary wheels 45 , 46 mesh with a hollow wheel 48 that is torque-proof connected with a second hollow wheel 49 having preferably the same size. It belongs to a second planetary gear set, the planetary wheels 50 , 51 thereof are rotatably supported at a planetary carrier 52 that is concentrically rotatably supported about the rotation axis 17 .
  • the planetary wheels 50 , 51 are preferably as large as the planetary wheels 45 , 46 . They mesh with a sun wheel 53 that is preferably as large as the first sun wheel 44 .
  • the planetary carrier 52 is coupled with an adjustment motor 55 via a transmission connection, e.g. via a chain or belt drive 54 .
  • the coupling device 43 is disengaged.
  • An angle adjustment of the rotating spindle 32 and the rotating traverse feed shaft 42 relative to each other does, however, not occur as long as the planetary carrier 52 does not rotate.
  • the sun wheel 44 drives the hollow wheel 48 via the planetary wheels 45 , 46 that cycles in counter direction.
  • the hollow wheel 49 that is entrained in the same direction now drives the sun wheel 53 via the planetary wheels 50 , 51 that, therefore, rotates synchronously with the sun wheel 44 .
  • this angle adjustment movement is superimposed with the rotating movement of the traverse feed shaft 42 , such that while continuing rotating with a slightly modified speed of rotation relative to the spindle 32 is subject to an angle adjustment relative to the spindle 32 .
  • This angle adjustment stops as soon as the adjustment motor 55 is stopped, the speed of rotations of the spindle 32 and the traverse feed shaft 42 are then equal again. Due to the rotation, i.e. angle adjustment, actuated by the adjustment motor 55 via the angle adjustment transmission 21 additional to the existing rotation of the traverse feed shaft 42 , the cutting edge 16 is adjusted in radial direction.
  • the machine spindle arrangement 22 forms a unit with a motor 19 as central element.
  • a spindle neck 35 with a spindle 32 is flanged that is directly driven by the rotor 28 of the motor 19 .
  • the spindle 32 is a so-called null spindle that can be replaced without readjustment with all bearings and other wear parts due to the present exactly adjusted positioning surface 39 that abuts against an axially properly defined bearing contact surface 38 .
  • a tool releasing device 20 and an angle adjustment transmission 21 is arranged that serves to rotate a present traverse feed shaft 42 relative to the spindle 32 .
  • the traverse feed shaft 42 serves to actuate an adjustment device at the tool 15 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
US16/495,565 2017-03-20 2018-03-14 Machine spindle assembly for a machine tool Active 2038-05-24 US11198200B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017105934.2 2017-03-20
DE102017105934.2A DE102017105934B4 (de) 2017-03-20 2017-03-20 Maschinenspindelanordnung für eine Werkzeugmaschine
PCT/EP2018/056428 WO2018172160A1 (de) 2017-03-20 2018-03-14 Maschinenspindelanordnung für eine werkzeugmaschine

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US20200108477A1 US20200108477A1 (en) 2020-04-09
US11198200B2 true US11198200B2 (en) 2021-12-14

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US (1) US11198200B2 (de)
CN (1) CN110573281B (de)
DE (1) DE102017105934B4 (de)
WO (1) WO2018172160A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018119477B4 (de) * 2018-08-10 2020-06-25 Gebr. Heller Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Spindelanordnung für eine Werkzeugmaschine
EP3822008B1 (de) 2019-11-11 2022-05-11 Starrag GmbH Spindelbaugruppe für eine werkzeugmaschine
JP2021141765A (ja) * 2020-03-06 2021-09-16 株式会社サンシン 電動機用回転子切削方法及びその機械

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DE727151C (de) * 1938-03-07 1942-10-28 Mso Maschinen Und Schleifmitte In einer Vorschubhuelse gelagerte Feinbohrspindel mit radial verschiebbarem Werkzeugkopf
DE1043751B (de) 1954-02-22 1958-11-13 Ruhrstahl Ag Differentialantrieb fuer einen loesbar an einer Bohreinheit angeordneten Plandreh- und Bohrkopf
DE1602911A1 (de) * 1967-09-18 1970-08-20 Toenshoff & Co Maschf Werkzeugmaschine mit an einer Werkzeugspindel angeordnetem Werkzeugspannkopf
DE2143924A1 (de) 1971-09-02 1973-03-15 Reinhard Bohle Kg Werkzeugmasc Plan- und ausdrehkopf
JPS59219103A (ja) * 1983-05-25 1984-12-10 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd スピンドル装置
CN1162515A (zh) 1996-02-01 1997-10-22 株式会社新潟铁工所 用于机床的主轴装置
GB2315033A (en) 1996-07-11 1998-01-21 T & N Technology Ltd Machine tool
JP2007168023A (ja) 2005-12-22 2007-07-05 Tsugami Corp 切削加工装置
CN101518829A (zh) 2008-09-10 2009-09-02 兰州理工大学 一种机床双套主轴***
DE102008060997A1 (de) 2008-12-09 2010-06-17 Wieland Anlagentechnik Gmbh Werkzeugantrieb für Werkzeugmaschinen und dessen Verwendung
DE102009031027A1 (de) 2009-06-29 2011-01-05 Maschinenfabrik Berthold Hermle Ag Werkzeugspindel für eine kombinierte Fräs-/Drehmaschine mit stehendem und sich drehendem Werkzeug
CN202015840U (zh) 2010-12-29 2011-10-26 廖爱平 可变径主轴装置
CN103003014A (zh) 2011-07-20 2013-03-27 日本精工株式会社 主轴装置
DE202014104118U1 (de) 2014-09-03 2015-12-04 Narr Beteiligungs Gmbh Spannvorrichtung

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DE4421583A1 (de) 1993-09-11 1995-03-16 Komet Stahlhalter Werkzeug Werkzeugkopf, insbesondere Plandrehkopf
DE102014019175B4 (de) 2014-12-18 2020-08-13 Gebr. Heller Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Planschieberwerkzeug sowie Verfahren zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstückes mit einem solchen Planschieberwerkzeug

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DE1043751B (de) 1954-02-22 1958-11-13 Ruhrstahl Ag Differentialantrieb fuer einen loesbar an einer Bohreinheit angeordneten Plandreh- und Bohrkopf
DE1602911A1 (de) * 1967-09-18 1970-08-20 Toenshoff & Co Maschf Werkzeugmaschine mit an einer Werkzeugspindel angeordnetem Werkzeugspannkopf
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JPS59219103A (ja) * 1983-05-25 1984-12-10 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd スピンドル装置
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GB2315033A (en) 1996-07-11 1998-01-21 T & N Technology Ltd Machine tool
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DE102009031027A1 (de) 2009-06-29 2011-01-05 Maschinenfabrik Berthold Hermle Ag Werkzeugspindel für eine kombinierte Fräs-/Drehmaschine mit stehendem und sich drehendem Werkzeug
CN202015840U (zh) 2010-12-29 2011-10-26 廖爱平 可变径主轴装置
CN103003014A (zh) 2011-07-20 2013-03-27 日本精工株式会社 主轴装置
DE202014104118U1 (de) 2014-09-03 2015-12-04 Narr Beteiligungs Gmbh Spannvorrichtung

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102017105934A1 (de) 2018-09-20
CN110573281A (zh) 2019-12-13
DE102017105934B4 (de) 2018-11-22
WO2018172160A1 (de) 2018-09-27
US20200108477A1 (en) 2020-04-09
CN110573281B (zh) 2020-12-22

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