TWI470118B - Hot - pressing method for hot - pressing plated steel sheet and plated steel sheet - Google Patents
Hot - pressing method for hot - pressing plated steel sheet and plated steel sheet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI470118B TWI470118B TW102105250A TW102105250A TWI470118B TW I470118 B TWI470118 B TW I470118B TW 102105250 A TW102105250 A TW 102105250A TW 102105250 A TW102105250 A TW 102105250A TW I470118 B TWI470118 B TW I470118B
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- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- steel sheet
- plated steel
- hot
- compound
- plating layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
- B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/14—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness
- C23C2/16—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness using fluids under pressure, e.g. air knives
- C23C2/18—Removing excess of molten coatings from elongated material
- C23C2/20—Strips; Plates
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/265—After-treatment by applying solid particles to the molten coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C23C22/60—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8
- C23C22/66—Treatment of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/68—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous solutions with pH between 6 and 8
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
- C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T428/12556—Organic component
- Y10T428/12569—Synthetic resin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Description
本發明係有關於施行有以Al作為主成分之Al鍍敷被覆,熱潤滑性、皮膜密著性、點熔接性、及塗裝後耐蝕性優異的熱壓用鍍敷鋼板、及該鍍敷鋼板之熱壓方法。
近年來,為保護環境與防止地球暖化,要求抑制化石燃料之消費的聲浪高漲,該要求對各種製造業係造成影響。例如,對於作為日常生活或活動所不可或缺之移動手段的汽車,亦無例外地要求因車體之輕量化等的燃料費之提升等。但,汽車方面不能僅於產品機能上實現車體之輕量化,仍需確保適當的安全性。
汽車構造之大部分係以鐵系材料,特別是藉由鋼板所形成,減少該鋼板之重量,對於車體之輕量化係為重要。但,如上述,不能僅降低鋼板之重量,仍要求可同時確保鋼板之機械強度。對於如此之鋼板的要求,不僅是汽車製造業,於各種製造業來說亦相同。因此,正在研究開發藉由提高鋼板之機械強度,即使厚度較以往所使用之鋼板薄,仍可維持或提升機械強度的鋼板。
一般而言,具有高機械強度之材料於彎曲加工等
成形加工中,有形狀凍結性下降的傾向,不易成形加工成複雜之形狀。解決該成形性問題的方法之一,可舉所謂的「熱壓方法(亦稱作熱壓印法、熱壓法、或模具淬火法。)」為例。該熱壓方法中,暫時將作為成形對象之材料加熱至高溫,並於藉由加熱軟化之鋼板進行壓製加工成形後,進行冷卻。藉由該熱壓方法,因將材料暫時加熱至高溫使其軟化,故可輕易地對該材料進行壓製加工。此外,藉由成形後之冷卻的淬火效果,可提高材料之機械強度。因此,藉由熱壓方法可得兼具良好之形狀凍結性與高機械強度的成形品。
但,於鋼板使用該熱壓方法時,藉將鋼板加熱至
800℃以上之高溫,鋼板表面氧化,產生鏽皮(氧化物)。因此,於進行熱壓加工後,需進行去除該鏽皮之步驟(去鏽皮步驟),始生產性下降。又,於需耐蝕性之構件等中,於加工後需對構件表面進行防鏽處理或金屬被覆,並需表面清淨化步驟及表面處理步驟,將使生產性更為下降。
抑制如此之生產性下降的方法,可舉於鋼板施行
被覆的方法。鋼板上之被覆,一般係使用有機系材料或無機系材料等各種材料。其中,亦以對鋼板具有犧牲防蝕作用的Zn系鍍敷鋼板,由其防蝕性能與鋼板生產技術之觀點來看,正廣泛地使用於汽車鋼板等。但,熱壓加工之加熱溫度(700~1000℃)較有機系材料的分解溫度或Zn等金屬之熔點及沸點高,於以熱壓加熱時,表面皮膜及鍍敷層蒸發,
將成為表面性狀顯著劣化的原因。
因此,適用以高溫加熱之熱壓方法的鋼板,以使
用被覆有沸點較有機系材料被覆或Zn系之金屬被覆高的Al系金屬之鋼板、Al鍍敷鋼板為佳。此處,Al鍍敷鋼板亦包含用以改善鍍敷層特性而添加有Al以外之元素者,只要鍍敷層之Al以質量%計係50%以上即可。
藉由施行Al系之金屬被覆,可防止於鋼板表面生成鏽皮,因不需去鏽皮等步驟,故成形品的生產性提升。又,Al系之金屬被覆亦具防鏽效果,故耐蝕性亦提升。於專利文獻1中揭示有熱壓於具有預定成分組成之鋼板施行有Al系之金屬被覆的鋼板之方法。
但,於施行有Al系之金屬被覆時,有因熱壓加工前之預熱條件,Al被覆熔融,之後,因來自鋼板之Fe擴散生成Al-Fe合金層,並且,Al-Fe合金層成長以致於至鋼板表面均成為Al-Fe合金層的情形。該Al-Fe合金層因係極硬質,故有因壓製加工時與模具之接觸,產生於成形品形成加工傷痕的問題。
Al-Fe合金層之表面粗糙,潤滑性差。並且,該Al-Fe合金層因硬且容易破裂,使鍍敷層產生裂痕、或產生粉化等,故成形性下降。此外,有經剝離之Al-Fe合金層附著於模具、或鋼板之Al-Fe合金層表面強力地擦過而附著於模具,起因自Al-Fe合金層之Al-Fe金屬間化合物黏附於模具,使成形品的品質下降。因此,需定期地去除黏附於模具之Al-Fe金屬間化合物,而成為成形品之生產性下降或生
產成本增大的原因之一。
此外,Al-Fe合金層與通常之磷酸鹽處理的反應
性低。因此,未能於Al-Fe合金層表面生成作為電極沈積塗裝之前處理的化學轉化處理皮膜(磷酸鹽皮膜)。即使未能生成化學轉化處理皮膜,只要作成塗料密著性良好者且Al之附著量係充分者的話,塗裝後耐蝕性亦良好,但Al之附著量增大時,即增大對模具之Al-Fe金屬間化合物的黏附。
Al-Fe金屬間化合物之黏附,有經剝離之Al-Fe合
金層附著的情形,與Al-Fe合金層表面強力地擦過而附著的情形。於熱壓加工具有表面皮膜之鋼板時,若提升潤滑性,則可改善Al-Fe合金層層表面強力地擦過而附著的情形。但,提升潤滑性並未能有效改善經剝離之Al-Fe合金層附著於模具的情形。為改善經剝離之Al-Fe合金層附著於模具,降低Al鍍敷的Al附著量係最有效的方法。但,降低Al附著量時,耐蝕性將劣化。
因此,專利文獻2中揭示了一種防止於成形品產
生加工傷痕之鋼板。專利文獻2所揭示之鋼板係於具有預定成分組成之鋼板表面上施行Al系金屬被覆,更於Al系金屬被覆表面上形成有至少含有Si、Zr、Ti或P之一的無機化合物皮膜、有機化合物皮膜、或該等之複合化合物皮膜。形成有如專利文獻2所揭示之表面皮膜的鋼板中,於加熱後之壓製加工時表面皮膜仍未剝離,可防止形成壓製加工時的加工傷痕。但,專利文獻2所記載之表面皮膜於壓製加工時未能得到充分之潤滑性,正在追求改善潤滑劑等。
專利文獻3中揭示了一種於鋅鍍敷鋼板之熱壓
中,解決了因鋅鍍敷層的蒸發造成之鋅鍍敷鋼板表面劣化的方法。換言之,藉於鋅鍍敷層表面生成高熔點之氧化鋅(ZnO)層作為障壁層,以防止下層之Zn鍍敷層中的Zn蒸發者。但,專利文獻3所揭示之方法係以鋼板具有鋅鍍敷層為前提。鋅鍍敷層中之Al含量容許至0.4%。但,以Al之含量少為佳。專利文獻3所揭示之方法係用以防止Zn自Zn鍍敷層蒸發,Al終究是附帶含有者。但,於Zn鍍敷層附帶地含有Al,仍未能完全地防止Zn鍍敷層中之Zn蒸發。因此,一般係使用以沸點高之Al作為主成分的Al鍍敷鋼板。
專利文獻4中揭示了一種於Al鍍敷鋼板表面施行
纖鋅礦型之化合物的方法。專利文獻4所揭示之方法係用以改善熱潤滑性與化學轉化處理性者,為確保熱壓加工前之表面皮膜密著性,係於表面皮膜添加有黏合劑成分者。但,專利文獻4所揭示之方法的黏合劑於熱壓加工時熱分解,有成形時纖鋅礦型化合物自鋼板的皮膜密著性下降的問題。
專利文獻5中揭示了一種形成有含有氫氧化Zn及
硫酸Zn之表面皮膜層的鋅系鍍敷鋼板。但,專利文獻5所揭示之鋼板因於鋅系鍍敷鋼板形成表面皮膜層,耐蝕性雖優異,但有熱壓時鋅鍍敷中之鋅蒸發的問題。又,於專利文獻5所揭示之鋼板的兩面形成有具3Zn(OH)2
.ZnSO4
.nH2
O(n=0~5)之氧化物層,因ZnSO4
溶解於Al鍍敷層,故未能使用Al鍍敷鋼板。
專利文獻6中揭示了一種於Al鍍敷鋼板形成有含
有選自於硫酸Zn、硝酸Zn、及氯化Zn中之Zn化合物的表面皮膜層之鋼板。但,因硫酸Zn、硝酸Zn、及氯化Zn之水溶液的pH高,於形成表面皮膜層時塗布處理液時,有使Al鍍敷鋼板溶解的作用,結果,有使塗裝後耐蝕性劣化之問題。又,尚未確定原因,但亦有熔接性劣化的問題。該問題於含有作為Zn化合物之硫酸Zn及硝酸Zn時係特別顯著。
專利文獻7中揭示了一種於Al鍍敷鋼板形成有含有釩化合物與磷氧化合物與選自於Al、Mg、及Zn中之至少1種金屬化合物之表面皮膜層的鋼板。但,專利文獻7所揭示之鋼板的表面皮膜層因含有釩化合物,故因釩化合物之原子價呈現各種顏色,而有外觀不均一的問題。
專利文獻1:日本專利特開2000-38640號公報
專利文獻2:日本專利特開2004-211151號公報
專利文獻3:日本專利特開2003-129209號公報
專利文獻4:國際公開第2009/131233號
專利文獻5:日本專利特開2010-077498號公報
專利文獻6:日本專利特開2007-302982號公報
專利文獻7:日本專利特開2005-048200號公報
因Al係高沸點.高熔點,故期待Al鍍敷鋼板可作
為汽車鋼板等要求耐蝕性之構件所使用之鋼板。因此,有人提出了各種將Al鍍敷鋼板使用於熱壓的方法。但,熱壓中,有Al-Fe合金層未能得到良好之潤滑性、或壓機成形性差等情形,於以熱壓得到複雜形狀之成形品時,不適用Al鍍敷鋼板係為實際情況。又,近年來,於汽車用途上,於成形後施行塗裝處理者多,亦要求Al鍍敷鋼板之熱壓加工後的化學轉化處理性(塗裝性)及塗裝後耐蝕性。又,對使用於汽車車體之鋼板亦要求點熔接性。
本發明係有鑑於前述實際情況所作成者,本發明之目的係提供熱潤滑性、皮膜密著性、點熔接性、及塗裝後耐蝕性優異的熱壓用Al鍍敷鋼板及Al鍍敷鋼板之熱壓方法。
為解決前述課題,本發明人等致力地進行檢討之結果,發現藉於鋼板之單面或雙面所形成之Al鍍敷層上形成含有Zn的化合物之表面皮膜層,於熱壓加工時之潤滑性良好,且亦大幅改善化學轉化處理性。又,藉使表面皮膜層未含有釩化合物,可防止因釩化合物之原子價而顯現各種顏色,可解決鋼板外觀不均一的問題。此外,於含有預定量以上之如硫酸Zn及硝酸Zn之水溶性高的Zn化合物時,觀察得知塗布時之附著性差,皮膜密著性及點熔接性不佳。依據該等觀察所得知識,發明人等完成本發明。本發明要旨係如以下所述。
(1)一種熱壓用鍍敷鋼板,包含鋼板、形成於前
述鋼板上之單面或雙面之Al鍍敷層、及形成於前述Al鍍敷層上之表面皮膜層者;前述表面皮膜層含有選自於由氫氧化Zn、磷酸Zn、及有機酸Zn所構成群組的1個以上之Zn化合物。
(2)如前述(1)之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板,其中前述表面皮膜層中Zn化合物之附著量係每單面0.5~7g/m2
的Zn。
(3)如前述(2)之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板,其中前述表面皮膜中,除了前述Zn化合物,還以相對於前述Zn化合物總量之質量比率計,含有合計5~30%的樹脂成分、矽烷耦合劑或二氧化矽之至少一物質。
(4)如前述(1)~(3)中任一者之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板,其中前述Al鍍敷層含有3~15%的Si。
(5)如前述(1)~(3)中任一者之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板,其以質量%計,可各含有10%以下之硫酸Zn及硝酸Zn的一者或兩者作為前述Zn化合物。
(6)如前述(4)之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板,其以質量%計,可各含有10%以下之硫酸Zn及硝酸Zn的一者或兩者作為前述Zn化合物。
(7)一種鍍敷鋼板之熱壓方法,係將下述鍍敷鋼板切坯(blanking)後加熱,再壓製加熱後之前述鍍敷鋼板;該鍍敷鋼板具有形成於鋼板之單面或雙面之Al鍍敷層;與表面皮膜層,其係形成於前述Al鍍敷層上,並含有選自於由氫氧化Zn、磷酸Zn、及有機酸Zn所構成群組的1個以上之Zn化合物。
(8)如前述(7)之鍍敷鋼板之熱壓方法,其於壓製
前的加熱中,藉由通電加熱或感應加熱,將前述鍍敷鋼板之溫度自50℃加熱至較最高到達板溫度低10℃的溫度時之平均升溫速度係10~300℃/秒。
依據本發明,可提供熱潤滑性、皮膜密著性、點熔接性、及塗裝後耐蝕性優異之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板及熱壓方法,並可提升熱壓步驟之生產性。
圖1係說明評價本發明熱壓用鋼板之熱潤滑性之裝置的說明圖。
圖2係說明本發明之熱壓用鋼板之熱潤滑性的說明圖。
接著,詳細地說明本發明。
首先,說明本發明之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板。本發明之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板係於鋼板之單面或雙面形成有Al鍍敷層,更於該Al鍍敷層之表面形成含有Zn之化合物的表面皮膜層。
鍍敷前之鋼板以使用具有高機械強度(係抗拉強度、降伏點、伸長、拉伸、硬度、衝撃值、疲勞強度、及潛變強度等機械變形及破壞相關之諸性質之意。)的鋼板為佳。於以下顯示本發明之熱壓用鋼板所使用之鍍敷前的鋼板之一例。
首先,說明成分組成。另,於未特別否定的情況下,%之標記係質量%之意。鍍敷前之鋼板的成分組成,以質量%計,以含有C:0.1~0.4%、Si:0.01~0.6%、Mn:0.5~3%為佳。此外,亦可含有Cr:0.05~3.0、V:0.01~1.0%、Mo:0.01~0.3%、Ti:0.01~0.1%、及、B:0.0001~0.1%中之至少1種以上。並且,剩餘部分係由Fe及不可避免的不純物所構成者。
C係用以確保所期之機械強度而含有。C小於0.1%時,未能得到充分之機械強度。另一方面,C大於0.4%時,雖可使鋼板硬化,但容易產生熔融破裂。因此,C之含量以設為0.1~0.4%為佳。
Si係可提升機械強度之元素,與C同樣地,係用以確保所期之機械強度而含有。Si小於0.01%時,將不易發揮強度提升效果,未能充分地提升機械強度。另一方面,Si亦係易氧化性元素。藉此,於Si大於0.6%時,進行熔融Al鍍敷時,濕潤性下降,有產生未鍍敷部分的疑慮。因此,Si之含量以設為0.01~0.6%為佳。
Mn係用以提升機械強度之元素,亦係提高淬火性之元素。此外,Mn亦可有效防止因不可避免的不純物之S產生的熱脆性。Mn小於0.5%時,將未能得到該等效果。另一方面,Mn大於3%時,殘留γ相變得過多,有強度下降的疑慮。因此,Mn之含量以設為0.5~3%為佳。
Cr、V及Mo係可提升機械性質之元素,亦係自退火溫度冷卻時抑制波來鐵生成的元素。Cr:小於0.05%、V:
小於0.01%、Mo:小於0.01%時,未能得到該等效果。另一方面,Cr:大於3.0%、V:大於1.0%、Mo:大於0.3%時,硬質相之面積率過剩,成形性劣化。
Ti係可提升機械強度之元素,亦係提升Al鍍敷層
之耐熱性的元素。Ti小於0.01%時,將未能得到提升機械強度及耐氧化性之效果。另一方面,過剩地含有Ti時,將形成碳化物或氮化物,有使鋼軟質化的疑慮。特別是,於Ti大於0.1%時,將未能得到所期之機械強度。因此,Ti之含量以設為0.01~0.1%為佳。
B係於淬火時產生作用,提升強度之元素。B小
於0.0001%時,將未能得到如此之強度提升效果。另一方面,B大於0.1%時,將於鋼板中生成夾雜物而脆化,有使疲勞強度下降的疑慮。因此,B之含量以設為0.0001~0.1%為佳。
另,上述鍍敷前之鋼板的成分組成係舉例,亦可
為其他之成分組成。例如,脫氧元素亦可含有0.001~0.08%之Al。又,於製造步驟等中亦可含有不可避免地混入之不純物。
具有如此成分組成之鍍敷前的鋼板於鍍敷後亦
藉由熱壓方法等之加熱淬火,可達成約1500MPa以上的抗拉強度。即使為如此之具有高抗拉強度之鋼板,只要利用熱壓方法,可於藉由加熱軟化之狀態下輕易地成形。又,成形品可實現高機械強度,於為求輕量化而薄化時,亦可維持或提升機械強度。
Al鍍敷層係形成於鍍敷前之鋼板的單面或雙面上。Al鍍敷層可藉由例如,熔融鍍敷法形成於鋼板之單面或雙面,但並未限定於該者。
又,Al鍍敷層之成分組成只要含有50%以上之Al
即可。並未特別限定Al以外之元素,但由以下理由亦可積極地含有Si。
含有Si時,將於鍍敷與基質鐵之界面生成
Al-Fe-Si合金層,可抑制熔融鍍敷時所生成之脆的Al-Fe合金層之生成。Si小於3%時,於施行Al鍍敷之階段中將生成厚之Al-Fe合金層,於加工時助長鍍敷層破裂,有對耐蝕性造成不良影響的可能性。另一方面,Si大於15%時,反倒使包含Si之層的體積率增加,有鍍敷層之加工性或耐蝕性下降之疑慮。因此,Al鍍敷層中之Si含量以設為3~15%為佳。
Al鍍敷層係防止本發明之熱壓用鋼板腐蝕。又,
於藉由熱壓方法加工本發明之熱壓用鋼板時,即使加熱至高溫,仍不會表面氧化產生鏽皮(鐵之氧化物)。藉於Al鍍敷層防止鏽皮產生,可省略去除鏽皮步驟、表面清淨化步驟、及表面處理步驟等,可提升成形品之生產性。又,Al鍍敷層相較於利用有機系材料之鍍敷被覆或利用其他金屬系材料(例如,Zn系材料)之鍍敷被覆,沸點及熔點高。因此,於利用熱壓方法成形時,因被覆不會蒸發,故可於高溫下成形,更加提高熱壓加工之成形性,變得可輕易地成形。
藉於熔融鍍敷時及熱壓時加熱,Al鍍敷層可與鋼
板中之Fe合金化。藉此,Al鍍敷層之成分組成未必係由一
定之單一層所形成,係部分包含經合金化的層(合金層)者。
表面皮膜層係形成於Al鍍敷層之表面。表面皮膜層係含有選自於由氫氧化Zn、磷酸Zn、及有機酸Zn所構成群組的1個以上之Zn化合物者。Zn化合物以氫氧化Zn、磷酸Zn特佳。有機酸Zn可舉例如,代表乙酸Zn、檸檬酸Zn、乙二酸Zn、及油酸Zn之羧酸的Zn鹽、及羥氧化合物之Zn鹽及葡萄糖酸鋅等。該等化合物有改善熱壓之潤滑性、或與化學轉化處理液之反應性的效果。氫氧化Zn及磷酸Zn因對水之溶解度小,故作為懸浮液使用,對水之溶解度大之乙酸Zn以作為水溶液使用為佳。
另外,該等Zn化合物亦可含有硫酸Zn及硝酸Zn之一者或兩者,但以質量%計大於10%時,如前述,將使塗裝後耐蝕性或熔接性劣化。因此,硫酸Zn及硝酸Zn分別之含有率的容許值以設為10%以下為佳。
接著,以於表面皮膜層含有氫氧化Zn之情形為例
進行說明。氫氧化Zn於加熱時分解,形成平滑之皮膜,塗裝後耐蝕性較使用有ZnO之情形良好。另,於使用氫氧化Zn以外之Zn化合物時,亦與氫氧化Zn的情形同樣地形成表面皮膜層,可得同樣之效果。
含有氫氧化Zn之表面皮膜層可藉由例如,進行含
有氫氧化Zn之塗料的塗布處理、及利用該塗布後之燒附.乾燥的硬化處理,於Al鍍敷層上形成。氫氧化Zn之塗布方法可舉例如,混合含有氫氧化Zn之懸浮液與預定之有機性黏
合劑(binder),而於Al鍍敷層表面塗布的方法、及、利用粉體塗裝之塗布方法等。預定之有機性黏合劑可舉例如,聚胺甲酸酯系樹脂、聚酯系樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂、矽烷耦合劑、及二氧化矽等。該等有機性黏合劑為可與氫氧化Zn之懸浮液混合而作成水溶性。將如此所得之處理液塗布於Al鍍敷鋼板的表面。
並未特別限定氫氧化Zn之粒徑,但以直徑
50~1000nm左右為佳。氫氧化Zn之粒徑係作成加熱處理後的粒徑。換言之,係以掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)等觀察經於900℃之爐內保持5~6分鐘後於模具急速冷卻的步驟後之粒徑所規定者。
表面皮膜中之樹脂成分、矽烷耦合劑、及二氧化
矽等黏合劑成分之含量,相對於氫氧化Zn之質量比計,以合計5~30%左右為佳。黏合劑成分之含量少於5%時,未能得到充分之附著效果,塗膜變得容易剝離。為穩定地得到附著效果,將黏合劑成分以質量比計設為10%以上較佳。
另一方面,即使黏合劑成分之含量大於30%,附著效果係飽和,加熱時產生的氣味將變得顯著,故不佳。以將黏合劑成分之含量的上限設為16%較佳。
確認本發明之含有Zn化合物的表面皮膜層,相較
於專利文獻2記載之含有Si、Zr、Ti或P之至少1者的無機化合物皮膜、有機化合物皮膜、或該等之複合化合物皮膜,潤滑性高。因此,將更加提升成形性。
氫氧化Zn之附著量,於Al鍍敷鋼板所形成之表面
皮膜層中,以Zn量換算計以設為每單面0.5~7g/m2
為佳。氫氧化Zn之附著量為0.5g/m2
以上的Zn時,如圖2所示,潤滑性上升。以1.5g/m2
以上較佳。另一方面,氫氧化Zn之附著量大於7g/m2
之Zn時,Al鍍敷層及表面皮膜層之厚度變得過厚,熔接性或塗料密著性下降。因此,於表面皮膜層中,以將氫氧化Zn設為每單面0.5~7g/m2
之Zn附著量為佳。此外,亦考量到熔接性或塗料密著性,氫氧化Zn之附著量以設為0.5~2g/m2
特佳。
另外,氫氧化Zn之附著量的測定方法,可利用例
如,螢光X射線。螢光X射線法係使用已知之數種標準試料將氫氧化Zn之附著量作成校準曲線,將作為測定對象之試料的Zn強度換算成氫氧化Zn之附著量者。
塗布處理液後之燒附.乾燥方法,可使用例如,
熱風爐、感應加熱爐、及近紅外線爐等方法。又,亦可為組合該等之方法。此時,視處理液所含有之黏合劑種類,亦可進行例如,利用紫外線.電子束等之硬化處理,取代塗布後之燒附.乾燥。有機性黏合劑可舉例如,聚胺甲酸酯或聚酯、丙烯酸或矽烷耦合劑等。但,形成氫氧化Zn之表面皮膜層的方法並未限定於該等例,可藉由各種方法形成。
另外,於未使用黏合劑時,於Al鍍敷層塗布後、
硬化處理前之表面皮膜層的密著性稍低,有以強力擦過時部分地剝離的疑慮。
表面皮膜層於熱壓加工時暫時加熱時,將顯示極
強的密著性。專利文獻4中雖揭示了提升熱壓加工前之密著
性,但本發明係可提升熱壓加工後之密著性者。熱壓加工後之密著性提升係專利文獻4所揭示之於表面皮膜中含有纖鋅礦型化合物實所未能得到者,係本發明的重要特徵。料想藉由加熱氫氧化Zn,將脫水且一部分成為氧化Zn等,結晶構造變化。此時,推測微小之粒子間的燒結將容易進行。同樣地,可知磷酸Zn、及有機酸Zn亦於受熱時分解。如氫氧化Zn及磷酸Zn之對水的溶解度低之化合物,可直接為溶液之狀態下塗布於Al鍍敷鋼板。並且,可知氫氧化Zn、磷酸Zn、及有機酸Zn於塗布後之燒附步驟、或熱壓印時之加熱步驟中將作為化合物析出,但相較於對水之分散溶液,水中無二次凝集,係以較細微之形態析出。因此,推測因經析出之粒子間燒結,故容易保持作為皮膜之強度。
表面皮膜層因可提升潤滑性,即使為成形性差之Al鍍敷鋼板仍可提升熱壓加工時的成形性。並且,可享受Al鍍敷鋼板之優異耐蝕性。又,表面皮膜層之優異潤滑性可抑制Al-Fe金屬間化合物對模具的黏附。即使Al鍍敷層粉化後,含有Zn化合物之表面皮膜層仍可防止粉體(Al-Fe金屬間化合物之粉)黏附至後續之熱壓加工所使用的模具。藉此,不需去除黏附於模具之Al-Fe金屬間化合物的粉之步驟,可更加提升成形品的生產性。
此外,表面皮膜層亦有防止於Al鍍敷層進行熱壓加工時可能產生的傷痕等之保護層的功用,亦可提高成形性。並且,表面皮膜層並不會使點熔接性及皮膜密著性等性能下降。形成表面皮膜層時的處理液之水溶性高時,點
熔接性及皮膜密著性劣化。這是因為處理液之水溶性高時,經塗布之處理液容易自鋼板流下,附著性差之故。
此外,表面皮膜層可大幅地改善塗裝後耐蝕性,
可較以往降低Al鍍敷層之Al附著量。結果,於急速地進行熱壓加工時仍不會降低黏附,成形品之生產性更為提高。
接著,說明熱壓本發明之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板的方法。
本發明之熱壓方法中,首先,視需要切坯(衝孔加工)熱壓用鍍敷鋼板後,加熱至高溫使熱壓用鍍敷鋼板軟化。並且,將經軟化之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板壓製加工成形,之後,冷卻。如此,藉使熱壓用鍍敷鋼板暫時軟化,可輕易地進行後續的壓製加工。又,本發明之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板經加熱及冷卻淬火,可實現約1500MPa以上之高抗拉強度。
加熱方法除了通常之電爐、輻射管爐,可使用紅外線加熱等。
Al鍍敷鋼板於加熱至熔點以上將熔融,並同時藉由與Fe之相互擴散,Al相將變化成Al-Fe合金相、Al-Fe-Si合金相。Al-Fe合金相及Al-Fe-Si合金相之熔點高,係1150℃左右。Al-Fe相及Al-Fe-Si相係複數種,高溫加熱、或長時間加熱時,將變化成Fe濃度更高之合金相。
作為最終成形品之較佳表面狀態係至表面均經合金化之狀態,且合金相中之Fe濃度不高的狀態。於殘留未合金之Al時,僅該部位急速地腐蝕,塗裝後耐蝕性劣化,變得極容易產生塗膜膨脹,故不佳。另一方面,合金相中
之Fe濃度變得過高時,合金相本身之耐蝕性下降,塗裝後耐蝕性劣化,變得容易產生塗膜膨脹。換言之,合金相之耐蝕性係依賴合金相中的Al濃度。因此,為提升塗裝後耐蝕性,以Al附著量與加熱條件控制合金化之狀態。
於本發明中,以將自50℃至較最高到達板溫度低10℃之溫度的溫度域中之平均升溫速度設為10~300℃/秒為佳。平均升溫速度係左右熱壓用鍍敷鋼板之壓製加工的生產性。平均升溫速度小於10℃/秒時,需要時間軟化熱壓用鍍敷鋼板。另一方面,大於300℃時,雖軟化迅速,但將成為鍍敷層之合金化顯著地粉化的原因。一般而言,於環境氣體加熱時,平均升溫速度係5℃/秒左右。100℃/秒以上之平均升溫速度可以通電加熱或高頻感應加熱達成。
本發明之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板因可實現高平均升溫速度,故可提升成形品的生產性。又,平均升溫速度因將影響Al-Fe合金相之成分組成或厚度,故係控制熱壓用鍍敷鋼板之品質的重要要因之一。使用本發明之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板時,因可將升溫速度提高至300℃/秒,故可控制更廣範圍之品質。
最高到達板溫度方面,由熱壓方法原理來看需於沃斯田鐵領域加熱,故通常多採用900~950℃左右之溫度。本發明之熱壓方法中,並未特別限定最高到達板溫度,但小於850℃時未能得到充分之淬火硬度,故不佳。又,Al鍍敷層需係Al-Fe合金相,由該觀點來看,將最高到達板溫度設為小於850℃係為不佳。另一方面,最高到達板溫度大
於1000℃時,合金化過度進行,Al-Fe合金相中之Fe濃度上升,導致塗裝後耐蝕性下降。最高到達板溫度之上限因亦與升溫速度、Al之附著量相關,故無法以一概之,但考量到經濟性,最高到達板溫度不宜設為1100℃以上。
<本發明之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板及熱壓方法的效果>
本發明之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板藉由具有含有Zn之化合物、特別是含有氫氧化Zn的表面皮膜層,來實現高潤滑性,改善化學轉化處理性。又,本發明之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板成形後的皮膜不易剝離。結果,可防止Al-Fe金屬間化合物對模具之黏附,並提升熱壓加工時的成形性及生產性,亦改善熱壓成形後之化學轉化處理性。並且,本發明之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板,成形後的Al鍍敷層及表面皮膜層之密著性優異,成形品之耐蝕性,即塗裝後耐蝕性亦優異。
藉由代表氫氧化Zn之Zn化合物附著化學轉化處理皮膜的理由於現階段係不明確,但化學轉化處理反應係將酸對素材之蝕刻反應作為觸發地進行反應,故推測因Al-Fe金屬間化合物表面係對酸極為不活性,故不易產生反應。Zn化合物係兩性化合物,因溶解於酸,故被視為與化學轉化處理液反應。
接著,一面顯示實施例,一面更加說明本發明。另,本發明並未受以下實施例所限定。
<實施例1>
使用表1所示之成分組成的冷軋鋼板(板厚1.4mm),以
森吉米爾(Sendzimir)法於該冷軋鋼板施行Al鍍敷。退火溫度設為約800℃,Al鍍敷浴含有9%之Si,另含有自冷軋鋼板熔出之Fe。以氣體擦拭法將兩面之鍍敷後的Al附著量調整至160g/m2
,冷卻後,以輥塗布機塗布表2所示之懸浮液或水溶液,並以約80℃燒附,製造被測材料。另,表2所示之溶液均係使用試劑與蒸餾水混合,作成懸浮液或水溶液。
以以下所示之方法評價如此所製造之被測材料
的特性。另,加熱至900℃時之平均升溫速度係5℃/秒。
使用圖1所示之裝置,評價熱潤滑性。將150×200mm之被測材料加熱至900℃後,於700℃由上方壓附鋼球,測定推入負載與拉出負載,將(拉出負載)/(推入負載)作為動摩擦係數。
將被測材料***大氣爐內,以900℃加熱6分鐘,於取出後立刻於不鏽鋼製模具夾持急速冷卻。此時之冷卻速度係設為150℃/秒。接著,將被測材料剪斷成50×50mm,進行摩擦試驗。方法係將施加有2.0kgf(1kgf係9.8N。)之負載的金屬絲網(gauze),於30mm之長度上往返10次,測定試驗前後之Zn附著量,計算減量%。
將被測材料***大氣爐內,以900℃加熱6分鐘,於取出後立刻於不鏽鋼製模具夾持急速冷卻。冷卻速度係設為150℃/秒。接著,將被測材料剪斷成30×50mm,測定點熔
接適當電流範圍(上限電流與下限電流之差)。測定條件係如以下所示。下限電流係銲塊直徑4t1/2
(t:板厚)為4.4mm時之電流值、上限電流係塵埃產生電流。
電極:鉻銅製、DR型(前端直徑6mm、40R之半徑形狀)
加壓:400kgf(1kgf係9.8N)
通電時間:12循環(60Hz)
將被測材料***大氣爐內,以900℃加熱6分鐘,於取出後立刻於不鏽鋼製模具夾持急速冷卻。冷卻速度係設為150℃/秒。接著,將被測材料剪斷成70×150mm,使用日本Parkerizing(股)社製化學轉化處理液(PB-SX35)進行化學轉化處理後,塗布日本塗料(股)社製電極沈積塗料(Power Nix110)以170℃燒附,作成20μm的塗膜。
塗裝後耐蝕性之評價係依據汽車技術協會之
JASO M609進行。預先以切割器橫切塗膜,經180循環(60日)之腐蝕試驗後計測自橫切的塗膜膨脹寬度(單側最大值)。基準材一般係防鏽鋼板、作成單面附著有45g/m2
之鋅的合金化熔融鋅鍍敷鋼板,一併進行評價。若塗裝後耐蝕性較基準材良好的話,即可作為防鏽鋼板使用。另,基準材之膨脹寬度係7mm。
於表3顯示評價結果。熱潤滑性係以經測定之動摩擦係數、皮膜密著性係以加熱前後之Zn減量%、點熔接性係以適當電流範圍、塗裝後耐蝕性係以膨脹寬度顯示。另,號碼7係未形成表面皮膜層之Al鍍敷鋼板者。
由表3確認藉由形成含有A~E之Zn化合物的表面皮膜層,將不會使點熔接性劣化,可提升熱潤滑性、皮膜
密著性、及塗裝後耐蝕性。
此處,號碼6係塗布有經混合ZnO之懸浮液與胺
甲酸酯系黏合劑的處理液之比較例,呈現雖熱潤滑性及塗裝後耐蝕性優異,但皮膜密著性25%係相較於本發明例顯著地差的結果。
又,形成有含有G及H之Zn化合物的表面皮膜層
之比較例(號碼11及12)係皮膜密著性及點熔接性差的結果。這是因為,含有化合物G及H之處理液的水溶性高,塗布於Al鍍敷鋼板時容易流落,附著性差的緣故。但,如號碼8及10所示,於G及H之表面皮膜層的含量以質量%計係10%以下時,亦可一併確認對皮膜密著性及點熔接性之劣化的影響小。
接著,針對該形成何種程度之含有Zn化合物的表面皮膜,藉由改變表面皮膜層之附著量,進行熱潤滑性評價。表面皮膜之附著量係以表面皮膜中之Zn附著量評價。處理液係使用含有表2之A的Zn化合物者。於圖2顯示結果。
由圖2可知,藉使Zn附著量為0.5g/m2
以上,以1g/m2
以上較佳,確認可提升熱潤滑性。於表4顯示圖2之各值。由表4可知,Zn附著量為2g/m2
時,可確認熱摩擦係數之值係飽和。
調製於含有表2之A的Zn化合物之懸浮液中,相對於Zn(OH)2
改變胺甲酸酯樹脂的添加比率(%)之處理液,並塗布於實施例1的Al鍍敷鋼板,準備形成有表面皮膜層之被測材料。燒附條件係與實施例1相同。並且,評價該被測材料之密著性。評價方法除了於加熱前進行評價以外,係與實施例1相同。換言之,將被測材料剪斷成50×50mm,進行摩擦試驗。方法係將施加有1.5kgf(1kgf係約9.8N。)之負載的金屬絲網,於30mm之長度上往返10次,測定試驗前後之Zn附著量,計算減量%。
於表5顯示結果。藉由添加胺甲酸酯樹脂,可確
認改善加熱前之密著性。又,可確認即使添加16%以上之胺甲酸酯樹脂,加熱前之密著性的改善係達飽和。
於實施例1中,使用利用含有號碼1之Zn化合物的處理液所形成之本發明熱壓用鍍敷鋼板,並使用近紅外線爐評價經以平均加熱速度30℃/秒加熱的被測材料之特性。評價方法除了加熱方法以外,係與實施例1所示之方法相同。於表6顯示評價結果。塗裝後耐蝕性係較號碼1之情形優異的結果,可確認急速加熱方法係為有效。
使用表1所示之成分組成的冷軋鋼板(板厚1.4mm),以森吉米爾法於該冷軋鋼板施行Al鍍敷。Al鍍敷浴係將Si濃度改變為3、6、9、13、15、18、及21%,並另外含有自冷軋鋼板熔出之Fe。以氣體擦拭法將兩面之鍍敷後的Al附著量調整至160g/m2
,冷卻後,以輥塗布機塗布含有表2之A所示的Zn化合物之處理液,以約80℃燒附,製造出被測材料。以與實施例1相同之方法評價該等被測材料的特性。另,Zn附著量均係約1g/m2
。於表7顯示評價結果。由表7可確認Si濃度為3~15%時之塗裝後耐蝕性係特別優異。
如上述,詳細地說明本發明之較佳實施形態,但本發明並未受此實施形態所限定,只要於申請專利範圍所
記載之範圍內,即視為本發明所含者。
藉由本發明,於熱壓Al鍍敷鋼板時,因可增進潤滑性,並改善加工性,故可壓製加工較以往複雜之形狀的成形品。此外,亦可使熱壓用模具之維修檢測更為省力,可提升成形品的生產性。熱壓加工後之成形品因化學轉化處理性佳,故可提升最終成形品之塗裝、耐腐蝕性。如此,本發明係可於汽車產業等擴大使用Al鍍敷鋼板的熱壓者。因此,本發明係產業上之利用價值高者。
Claims (9)
- 一種熱壓用鍍敷鋼板,其特徵在於包含:鋼板;Al鍍敷層,係形成於前述鋼板上之單面或雙面;及表面皮膜層,係形成於前述Al鍍敷層上;前述表面皮膜層含有選自於由氫氧化Zn及有機酸Zn所構成群組的1個以上之Zn化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板,其中前述表面皮膜層中Zn化合物之附著量係每單面0.5~7g/m2 的Zn。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板,其中前述表面皮膜中,除了前述Zn化合物,還以相對於前述Zn化合物總量之質量比率計,含有合計5~30%的樹脂成分、矽烷耦合劑或二氧化矽之至少一物質。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板,其中前述Al鍍敷層含有3~15%的Si。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板,其以質量%計,各含有10%以下之硫酸Zn及硝酸Zn的一者或兩者作為前述Zn化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板,其以質量%計,各含有10%以下之硫酸Zn及硝酸Zn的一者或兩者作為前述Zn化合物。
- 一種鍍敷鋼板之熱壓方法,其特徵在於其係將下述鍍敷 鋼板切坯後加熱,再壓製經加熱之前述鍍敷鋼板;該鍍敷鋼板具有形成於鋼板之單面或雙面之Al鍍敷層;與表面皮膜層,其係形成於前述Al鍍敷層上,並含有選自於由氫氧化Zn及有機酸Zn所構成群組的1個以上之Zn化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之鍍敷鋼板之熱壓方法,其於壓製前的加熱中,藉由通電加熱或感應加熱,將前述鍍敷鋼板之溫度自50℃加熱至較最高到達板溫度低10℃的溫度時之平均升溫速度係10~300℃/秒。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之熱壓用鍍敷鋼板,其中前述表面皮膜中,除了前述Zn化合物,還以相對於前述Zn化合物總量之質量比率計,含有合計5~30%的樹脂成分、矽烷耦合劑或二氧化矽之至少一物質。
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2001220690A (ja) * | 2000-02-01 | 2001-08-14 | Nippon Steel Corp | 自動車用Al系めっき鋼板 |
CN102066615A (zh) * | 2008-04-22 | 2011-05-18 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | 镀敷钢板及镀敷钢板的热压方法 |
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KR101974182B1 (ko) | 2019-04-30 |
PL2816139T3 (pl) | 2020-04-30 |
CN104093880A (zh) | 2014-10-08 |
CA2864392C (en) | 2018-01-02 |
WO2013122004A1 (ja) | 2013-08-22 |
RU2584105C2 (ru) | 2016-05-20 |
JP2015165049A (ja) | 2015-09-17 |
US10092938B2 (en) | 2018-10-09 |
TW201335425A (zh) | 2013-09-01 |
MX365687B (es) | 2019-06-11 |
JP6028761B2 (ja) | 2016-11-16 |
US20150020562A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
EP2816139A4 (en) | 2015-12-09 |
MX2014009731A (es) | 2014-11-10 |
ES2765101T3 (es) | 2020-06-05 |
BR112014019984A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
EP2816139B1 (en) | 2019-10-09 |
IN2014DN06844A (zh) | 2015-05-22 |
JP5582254B2 (ja) | 2014-09-03 |
ZA201405948B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
CN104093880B (zh) | 2016-12-21 |
JPWO2013122004A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
MX2019003385A (es) | 2019-07-08 |
RU2014137101A (ru) | 2016-04-10 |
JP6048525B2 (ja) | 2016-12-21 |
CA2864392A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
BR112014019984B1 (pt) | 2021-03-09 |
KR20160078521A (ko) | 2016-07-04 |
EP2816139A1 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
JP2014139350A (ja) | 2014-07-31 |
KR20140119738A (ko) | 2014-10-10 |
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