LU500354B1

LU500354B1 - Efficient planting method for cotton-peanut inter-cropping

Info

Publication number: LU500354B1
Application number: LU500354A
Authority: LU
Inventors: Jijie Zhu; Liqiang Niu; Jinlong Shen; Hongxia Zhao; Xiaoyun Jia; Miao Li; Guoyin Wang; Xiangning Niu; Shijie Wang; Junying Peng
Original assignee: Inst Of Cereal And Oil Crops Hebei Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences
Priority date: 2021-06-30
Filing date: 2021-06-30
Publication date: 2022-01-04

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency planting method for cotton-peanut intercropping, which specifically comprises the following steps of: Selecting high- yield cotton and peanut varieties suitable for local areas. Before winter, deep plowing the soil to conserve soil moisture, and using 15,000 kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer along with the deep plowing of soil. Completing the sterilization and soaking treatment of the seeds. Scientific configuration: 240cm (cotton membrane bandwidth) +180cm (peanut membrane bandwidth). Precision seeding. Covering the mulch film after sowing, and releasing the seedlings from the mulch film in time after sprouting. Carrying out reasonable fertilization, pest control and timely harvest during the growth period. The invention promotes high yield and improves the quality of crops through the optimization treatment of soil, seed soaking treatment of seeds and scientific and reasonable allocation of cotton and peanuts, therefore, promoting high yield and improved the quality of crops.

Description

DESCRIPTION Efficient planting method for cotton-peanut inter-cropping

TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to the field of crop cultivation, in particular to an efficient planting method for cotton-peanut intercropping.

BACKGROUND Crop intercropping is an intensive three-dimensional planting, with reasonable crop distribution and optimal allocation of resources, which promotes the further improvement of land use efficiency and resource output rate. Cotton and peanuts are generally planted singly. However, due to the limited resources of arable land in China, there is less and less land available for agricultural cultivation, which requires to improve the land utilization rate. Interplanting among crops is currently a widely used planting mode, but this mode is also relatively simple. The main reason is that the selection of intercropping varieties is not clear enough, the economic benefits are not high, and the effective planting area is not reasonably utilized to achieve the goal of high yield.

SUMMARY The invention aims to provide an efficient planting method for cotton-peanut intercropping.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is specifically realized through the following technical scheme: The invention relates to a high-efficiency planting method for cotton-peanut intercropping, which specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Selecting high-yield cotton and peanut varieties suitable for local areas S2. Preparing before sowing;

Before winter, 15,000 kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer is applied to the soil with deep plowing, which makes the soil loose, the soil grains are crushed and fine, and the soil is fully exposed to the sun to kill the germs therein. The compound fertilizer comprises 45wt%-50wt% of organic fertilizer, 20wt%-25wt% of straw powder, 5wt%- Twt% of urea, 2wt%-3wt% of calcium superphosphate, 4wt%-6wt% of bacterial enzyme mixture and the balance of peat soil.

S3. Seed pretreatment Spraying carbendazim to kill small sclerotium and hypha attached on the surfaces of selected cotton seeds and peanut seeds, washing the seeds with clear water, soaking them with seed soaking agent under the negative pressure condition of 0.06 MPa to 0.08 MPa for 2 to 3 minutes, restoring normal pressure, soaking for to 20 minutes, taking out the seeds after fully absorbing water, and airing dry the seeds.

S4. Seeding Four rows of cotton inter-cropped with four rows of peanuts were applied for sowing, the width of four rows of cotton was 240cm, and the width of four rows of peanuts was 180cm. Combining drip irrigation or drip irrigation under mulching; Precision mechanical seeding is adopted, seeding is carried out when the soil temperature of the 5cm soil layer is stable above 15°C, cotton row spacing is 60cm, hole spacing is 15-16cm, and each hole contains 2-3 seeds. The peanut row spacing is 45cm, the hole spacing is 12-13cm, and each hole has 2 seeds.

S5. Mulching After sowing, covering the soil with 0.08mm plastic mulching film to cover the whole ground, and fix the edges with soil to prevent wind damage. After sprouting, cut the film in time to release the seedlings.

S6. Fertilizing

In the growing period, fertilizing with drip irrigation, applying pure N 180-195 kg/hm2, Increasing P, and applying P205 90 kg/hm2, supplying k and apply K20 120-150kg/hm2, supplying micro borax 15kg/hm2; S7. Reasonable pest control during the growth period. From July 20 to 25, harvesting cotton at the proper tip pruning times.

Preferably, the bacterial enzyme mixture is obtained by mixing Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, carbolase and Alternaria tenuissima protein in a mass ratio of 5: 2: 3: 2.

Preferably, the seed soaking agent comprises 45wt%~50wt% of biological agent BIO20, 6wt%~10wt% of sulfate, 5wt%-7wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2wt%~3wt% of manganese sulfate, 4wt% -6wt% of boric acid and the balance of water.

Preferably, the temperature of the seed soaking agent is 20-30°C. during seed soaking.

Preferably, the intercropping cotton seed density is maintained at 60,000-63,000 plants /hm? and the intercropping peanut planting density is maintained at 72,000- 78,000 holes /hm°.

Preferably, the direction of the film strip is in the north-south direction.

The invention promotes high yield and improves the quality of crops through the optimization treatment of soil, seed soaking treatment of seeds and reasonable selection of sowing modes, which specifically is described as below: The very fine alternaria protein in the bacterial enzyme mixture inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the soil, reducing the damage caused by diseases to crop production, thus improving the yield and quality of agricultural products. Through microbial degradation and biosorption, the damage of toxin to crops can be significantly reduced. The addition of carbohydrase can increase the carbon element in the soil on the one hand, promoting the root and strengthening the seedling, on the other hand, the carbohydrase has a very small molecular organic acid that can quickly penetrate into the roots of crops in combination with nutrition, improving the nutrient utilization rate, simultaneously, it can also activate the soil, inhibiting diseases, balancing the pH value and improve the quality of crops. Through the use of the seed soaking agent, the development of the root system of the crops is promoted, the quality of the crops is improved, and the abilities of disease resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance and the like of the crops are enhanced, which realizes the high yield of the crops. During sowing, the occupied area of a single cotton plant is increased, which is better for ventilation and light transmission. Due to the large three-dimensional space interval between the two crops, the air flow is not blocked, the local temperature in the field does not rise easily, and the field humidity does not increase easily after rainfall, which reduces cotton boll rot of the cotton, so that cotton quality is improved. Four rows of cotton intercropping and four rows of peanut planting model, making the relationship between organisms and environmental conditions more harmonious, the group combination is properly developed, which can realize mechanical planting and harvesting for higher harvest yield. The drip irrigation pipe network is adopted to irrigate the plants in the field, this irrigation method is uniform, the actual number of seedlings preserved in the field is increased, and it reduces the waste of water resources caused by large-area evaporation of water and uneven irrigation of land in the water delivery process.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In order to make the purpose and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further explained in detail with examples below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

The embodiment of the invention provides an efficient planting method for cotton-peanut intercropping, which specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Selecting high-yield cotton and peanut varieties suitable for local areas S2. Preparing before sowing; Before winter, 15,000 kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer is applied to the soil with deep plowing, which makes the soil loose, the soil grains are crushed and fine, and the soil is fully exposed to the sun to kill the germs therein. The compound fertilizer comprises 45wt%-50wt% of organic fertilizer, 20wt%-25wt% of straw powder, 5wt%- Twt% of urea, 2wt%-3wt% of calcium superphosphate, 4wt%-6wt% of bacterial enzyme mixture and the balance of peat soil.

S5. Mulching

After sowing, covering the soil with 0.08mm plastic mulching film to cover the whole ground, and fix the edges with soil to prevent wind damage. After sprouting, cut the film in time to release the seedlings.

S6. Fertilizing In the growing period, fertilizing with drip irrigation, applying pure N 180-195 kg/hm2, Increasing P, and applying P205 90 kg/hm2, supplying k and apply K20 120-150kg/hm2, supplying micro borax 15kg/hm2; S7. Reasonable pest control during the growth period. From July 20 to 25, harvesting cotton at the proper tip pruning times.

The intercropping cotton seed density is maintained at 60,000-63,000 plants /hm? and the intercropping peanut planting density is maintained at 72,000-78,000 holes /hm?.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is illustrative of the invention rather than limiting. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that many changes, modifications, and even equivalents may be made within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims, but all fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. Efficient planting method for cotton-peanut inter-cropping is characterized in the following steps: S1; selecting high-yield cotton and peanut varieties suitable for local areas; S2; preparing before sowing; before winter, 15,000 kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer is applied to the soil with deep plowing, which makes the soil loose, the soil grains are crushed and fine, and the soil is fully exposed to the sun to kill the germs therein; the compound fertilizer comprises 45wt%-50wt% of organic fertilizer, 20wt%-25wt% of straw powder, 5wt%- Twt% of urea, 2wt%-3wt% of calcium superphosphate, 4wt%-6wt% of bacterial enzyme mixture and the balance of peat soil: S3; seed pretreatment; spraying carbendazim to kill small sclerotium and hypha attached on the surfaces of selected cotton seeds and peanut seeds, washing the seeds with clear water, soaking them with seed soaking agent under the negative pressure condition of 0.06 MPa to 0.08 MPa for 2 to 3 minutes, restoring normal pressure, soaking for to 20 minutes, taking out the seeds after fully absorbing water, and airing dry the seeds; S4; seeding; four rows of cotton inter-cropped with four rows of peanuts were applied for sowing, the width of four rows of cotton was 240cm, and the width of four rows of peanuts was 180cm; combining drip irrigation or drip irrigation under mulching; precision mechanical seeding is adopted, seeding is carried out when the soil temperature of the 5cm soil layer is stable above 15°C, cotton row spacing is 60cm, hole spacing is 15-16cm, and each hole contains 2-3 seeds; the peanut row spacing is 45cm, the hole spacing is 12-13cm, and each hole has 2 seeds;

S5; mulching; after sowing, covering the soil with 0.08mm plastic mulching film to cover the whole ground, and fix the edges with soil to prevent wind damage; after sprouting, cut the film in time to release the seedlings; S6; fertilizing; in the growing period, fertilizing with drip irrigation, applying pure N 180-195 kg/hm?, increasing P, and applying P2Os 90 kg/hm?, supplying k and apply K20 120- 150kg/hm2, supplying micro borax 15kg/hm2; S7; reasonable pest control during the growth period; from July 20 to 25, harvesting cotton at the proper tip pruning times.

2. The high-efficiency planting method for cotton-peanut intercropping, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the bacterial enzyme mixture is obtained by mixing Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, carbolase and Alternaria tenuissima protein in a mass ratio of 5: 2: 3: 2.

3. The high-efficiency planting method for cotton-peanut intercropping, according to claim 1, wherein the seed soaking agent comprises 45wt% ~ 50wt% of biological agent BIO20, 6wt%~10wt% of sulfate, 5wt%-7wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2wt% -3wt% of manganese sulfate, 4wt%~6wt% of boric acid and the balance of water.

4. The efficient planting method for cotton-peanut intercropping, according to claim 1, the temperature of the seed soaking agent is 20-30°C during seed soaking.

5. The efficient planting method for cotton-peanut intercropping, according to claim 1, wherein the intercropping cotton seed density is maintained at 60,000- 63,000 plants /hm? and the intercropping peanut planting density is maintained at 72,000-78,000 holes /hm?.

6. The high-efficiency planting method for cotton-peanut intercropping according to claim 1, wherein the direction of the film strip is in the north-south direction.