CN112470834B - High-yield planting method for cherry tomatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield planting method of cherry tomatoes. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises five steps of seedling raising, field planting management, field planting and seedling revival, management before harvesting and management in a harvest period, and comprises the following steps of: applying various beneficial microbial insecticides, plant vaccines and the like in the seedling stage for pest control, and supplementing nutrient substances according to growth conditions for strengthening seedlings, so as to obtain healthy and strong clean seedlings for field planting; after planting, applying the compound microorganisms, and preferably selecting and selecting the compound microorganisms in proportion, so that the growth of plants is remarkably promoted, and plant diseases and insect pests are avoided; after the plants bloom, the carposinte and the bumblebee are pollinated and used together, so that the fruit setting rate is obviously improved; and strict field management and disease, pest and weed management are combined, so that the yield and the quality of the cherry tomatoes are obviously improved, the occurrence of diseases and pests is reduced, and the economic benefit is higher.

Description

High-yield planting method for cherry tomatoes

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of cherry tomato cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-yield planting method of cherry tomatoes.

Background

Cherry tomatoes, also known as cherry tomatoes, small tomato fruits and the like, can be used as both vegetables and fruits, and have the vitamin content 1.7 times that of common tomatoes. The cherry tomato is an annual herbaceous plant of the tomato genus of the solanaceae family, has strong adaptability and good resistance, is favored by potassium fertilizer and light, has more requirements on water, has the air relative humidity of 45-50 percent, and can be cultivated all the year round in China. Because the appearance is exquisite and lovely, the sugar content is very high, the taste is fragrant, sweet and delicious, and the flavor is unique and is widely loved by consumers. Therefore, how to improve the yield and the quality of the cherry tomatoes is a main research direction of researchers in China.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-yield planting method of cherry tomatoes, which comprises the following steps of: beneficial microorganisms and pesticides are sprayed according to the growth condition to carry out pest control and nutrient substance supplement, the diclofop-methyl and the bumble bees are matched to improve pollination and fruit setting rate, strict temperature and field management is carried out, and nutrients and the like are supplemented in time according to the growth condition, so that the yield and the quality of the cherry tomatoes are obviously improved, and the high-yield and high-quality planting of the cherry tomatoes is realized.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a high-yield planting method of cherry tomatoes comprises the following steps:

step 1, seedling culture: soaking seeds in hot water of 55 ℃ for 15-20 minutes, accelerating germination at 25-30 ℃, sowing in nutrient soil after germination, and irrigating trichoderma harzianum of 1-3 g/m ² Simultaneously controlling the growth temperature to be 20-30 ℃ in the daytime and 12-20 ℃ at night, supplementing boron and phosphorus elements after three true leaves grow out from the seedlings, cooling and hardening the seedlings one week before field planting, and spraying plant vaccine and spirotetramat 2 days before field planting;

step 2, field planting management: sealing a greenhouse before field planting, sterilizing the greenhouse, then spreading 40-60 Kg of compound fertilizer and 70-80 Kg of calcium silicon mineral fertilizer per mu, applying 120-200 Kg of thoroughly decomposed oil in ditches, watering before field planting to form soil moisture, and sealing the greenhouse to improve the ground temperature;

step 3, field planting and seedling revival: transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step 1 into a greenhouse, watering root fixing water after field planting, then dropwise adding 150 g/mu of 1000 hundred million cfu/g of compound microorganisms, controlling the temperature to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night, reducing the temperature by 5 ℃ in the day and night after seedling revival, and simultaneously applying the compound microorganisms once every month;

step 4, managing before harvesting: 10 days after seedling slowing, dripping 200 g/mu of potassium fulvate, controlling the temperature to be 22-27 ℃ in the daytime, controlling the temperature to be 13-18 ℃ at night and controlling the temperature to be vigorous, placing the plants when the plant height is 15-20 cm, and pollinating by using the combination of carposine and bumblebee after the plants bloom;

step 5, management in a harvesting period: after each cluster of fruits begins to turn color, cutting off old leaves at the lower part in time, properly controlling water before the fruits begin to be harvested so as to improve the accumulation of dry matters of the fruits, cutting off useless empty fruit branches in time after each cluster of fruits is harvested, and falling tendrils.

Further, in the step 3, the compound microorganism consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, lactobacillus buchneri, bacillus subtilis and actinomycetes with the colony number of 1:1:2: 1. Through optimizing the types of microorganisms and adjusting the proportion of the microorganisms, the fertilizer can play a role in preventing diseases, and the absorption and utilization rate of plants to nutrients is improved through the catabolism of the microorganisms to the fertilizer, so that the yield and the quality are obviously improved.

Further, in the step 1, the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing turf, vermiculite and perlite in a mass ratio of 2:1:0.5 with 20Kg/m ² The wormcast is prepared.

Further, step 1 includes spraying bacillus subtilis to prevent diseases and spraying pyrethrin to prevent insects.

Further, in the step 2, the greenhouse is disinfected by straw biological reaction and solar high temperature.

Further, the vigorous growth control is carried out by spraying monopotassium phosphate in the step 4.

Further, the step 4 of pollinating by using the combination of Zuoguoling and bumblebee specifically comprises the following steps: artificial pollination is carried out by using Zuoguoling in the early stage after blooming, and bumble bees are introduced for pollination after 80% of plants bloom.

Further, in the step 5, a high-potassium medium-nitrogen low-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer and trace elements are applied every 10 days.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention optimizes the planting method of cherry tomatoes, which comprises the following steps: in the seedling stage, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, pyrethrin, plant vaccine, spirotetramat and the like are applied for pest control, and nutrients are supplemented according to the growth condition for strengthening seedlings, so that healthy clean seedlings are obtained for planting; after planting, applying the compound microorganisms, remarkably promoting the growth of plants by selecting the compound microorganisms and optimizing the proportion of different microorganisms, and avoiding the influence of plant diseases and insect pests on the plants, thereby remarkably improving the quality and the yield; after the plants bloom, the carposinte and the bumblebee are pollinated and used together, so that the fruit setting rate is obviously improved; and strict field management and pest and weed management are combined, so that the yield and the quality of the cherry tomatoes are obviously improved, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, therefore, the method has higher economic benefit and ensures the sustainability of production development.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a high-yield planting method of cherry tomatoes, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, seedling culture: selecting varieties with wide adaptability, disease resistance and stress resistance, such as millennium, Longzai, Jingdan emerald, and the like according to the planting season and mode, soaking seeds in hot water at 55 ℃ for 15 minutes, then cleaning the seeds with clear water, soaking in warm water at 30 ℃ for 6-8 hours, then wrapping the seeds with clean wet cloth, and accelerating germination at 25-30 ℃. Mixing grass carbon, vermiculite and perlite according to the mass ratio of 2:1:0.5, and adding 20kg/m of wormcast into the grass carbon, the vermiculite and the perlite ² Uniformly mixing to obtain nutrient soil, dibbling the seeds whose germination is accelerated into a hole tray filled with nutrient soil, covering nutrient soil with thickness of 10cm on every hole, watering thoroughly, placing into seedling bed, finally watering 2g trichoderma harzianum per square meter of seedling for preventing seedling diseases. And controlling the growth temperature in the seedling stage, keeping the temperature of 25-30 ℃ in the daytime before emergence of seedlings, keeping the temperature of 17-20 ℃ at night, and reducing the temperature of day and night by 3-5 ℃ after emergence of seedlings. And watering clear water in time according to the humidity. After three true leaves grow out from the seedling, the boron and phosphorus elements are supplemented to promote the flower bud differentiation. And cooling and hardening seedlings one week before planting, and spraying hypersensitive protein plant vaccine (from Sichuan Haibo's Biotech limited) and spirotetramat (from Bayer company) 2 days before planting to prevent plant virus diseases and aphid whitefly. So as to make the strong and clean seedlings enter the field.

Step 2, field planting management: after cleaning the previous crops in the middle of 5 months, broadcasting the feed corns in the greenhouse, and crushing the corns in the middle of 7 months by using a stubble cleaner, wherein 10kg of urea is broadcast per mu. After deep ploughing, ridging, mulching film mulching and sufficient water irrigation, and sterilizing the closed greenhouse by using a straw bioreactor and seventy-eight-september solar energy at high temperature. After the disinfection, the shed room is opened, the mulching film is removed, and the field is rototilled and dried. 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer (from the science and technology limited company of the fertilizer industry in Anyang), 80kg of calcium silicate mineral fertilizer (from the biotechnology limited company of Oreodan, Shandong, Neze) and 150kg of rotten oil cake are broadcast and applied in each mu 20 days before planting. And (3) forming a high ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 1-1.2 m, and the depth of the ridge is more than 30 cm. 3 drip irrigation pipes are laid on the ridge surface, the drip irrigation pipes are evenly distributed at intervals of 20cm, the middle drip irrigation pipes are close to the roots of the plants, the ridge surface is covered with transparent mulching films in winter, watering is carried out 10 days in advance to build soil moisture, and the ground temperature is improved by sealing a greenhouse.

Step 3, field planting and seedling revival: and (3) the seedlings in the step (1) grow to be 30-35 days old, and are transplanted into a greenhouse. The proper density is determined according to variety characteristics and cultivation conditions, field planting is carried out in a single row, the plant spacing is generally 20cm, 2200-. After the root fixing water is poured, only one dropper in the middle is opened, and 150 g/mu of 1000 hundred million cfu/g of composite microorganism is dripped by using a fertilizer applicator, wherein the composite microorganism consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, lactobacillus buchneri, bacillus subtilis and actinomycetes with the colony count of 1:1:2: 1. And stopping water when the microbial inoculum in the tube is dripped, not continuously dripping clear water to prevent the concentration of the bacterial fluid at the root from being reduced, and applying the bacterial fluid once every month later. The ground temperature is increased in a closed greenhouse, the daytime temperature is 25-30 ℃, the night temperature is 18-20 ℃, the day and night temperature is reduced by 5 ℃ after seedling revival, and ventilation is increased.

Step 4, managing before harvesting: and (3) dripping 200 g/mu of potassium fulvate 10 days after seedling slowing to promote root system expansion and deep pricking, controlling the temperature to be 22-27 ℃ in the daytime and 13-18 ℃ at night, and preventing vigorous growth of plants. When the plant height is 15-20 cm, the plants are alternately and slightly laid left and right in the afternoon of sunny days, the growth vigor of the plants is favorably controlled by seedling hoisting at night, and the seedlings can be hoisted, coiled and branched when the first scion begins to pollinate. And (3) pollinating by using the combination of the Zuoguoling and the bumble bees after the plants bloom, wherein artificial pollination is performed by using the Zuoguoling in the early stage after the plants bloom, and the bumble bees are introduced for pollination after 80 percent of the plants bloom.

Step 5, management of the harvest period: and controlling the ambient temperature to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night, enhancing ventilation, and timely cutting off lower old leaves after each cluster of fruits begins to turn color. Properly controlling water before the fruits begin to be harvested so as to improve the accumulation of dry matters of the fruits, timely pruning useless empty fruit branches after the fruits of each cluster are harvested, falling tendrils, and leaving two leaves on the last cluster of the preserved fruits for topping.

Managing diseases, pests and weeds in the planting process: based on the principle of 'prevention is mainly and comprehensively' and on the basis of agricultural prevention and control, disease-resistant varieties are selected, biotechnology is applied, crop rotation is carried out, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, biological diversity and ecological environment are protected, and sustainability of production development is maintained.

Controlling diseases, pests and weeds: 1. cleaning the greenhouse in time, turning the soil, and high-temperature closing the greenhouse for sterilization;

2. organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers are additionally applied, beneficial biocontrol bacteria are used, the balance and diversity of the microenvironment of the root system are recovered, healthy fertile soil is cultured, healthy plants are cultured, and the stress resistance is improved;

3. the pests and diseases are controlled by green comprehensive control measures, namely strictly controlling the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, installing a solar insecticidal lamp and an insect-proof net, and hanging a yellow plate and a blue plate to control pests such as trialeurodes vaporariorum and the like;

4. if the pests and diseases occur, biological pesticide and high-efficiency low-toxicity pesticide are used for preventing and treating the pests and diseases such as rotenone, matrine, bacillus thuringiensis, spirotetramat and the like to prevent and treat the pests such as aphids, red spiders, yellow tea mites, whiteflies, cabbage caterpillars and the like; bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, kasugamycin, Lansence and the like to prevent and treat diseases such as fusarium wilt, root rot, bacterial wilt, gray mold, leaf mold, epidemic disease and the like. The bumblebees were removed from the shed before and 3 days after the application.

5. The method of crop rotation, artificial weeding and high-temperature greenhouse closing is adopted to remove the weeds.

Example 2

The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: (1) in this example, in the seedling stage of step 1, a 500-fold diluted bacillus subtilis spray (from Jiangsu Green technology Co., Ltd.) for disease prevention and a 1500-fold diluted 1.5% natural pyrethrin spray (from Shanghai Kay chemical Co., Ltd.) for insect prevention are also sprayed.

(2) In step 4, when the plants have a vigorous growth trend, 150 times of 300 times of diluted potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed for vigorous growth control.

(3) In the step 5, 2Kg of high-potassium medium-nitrogen low-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer (from intensive agriculture science and technology development limited company in Henan province) is applied to each mu every 10 days in the harvest period, and calcium, magnesium, zinc and boron microelements (from intensive agriculture science and technology development limited company in Henan province) are supplemented, so that the accumulation of dry substances in fruits is promoted, and the quality of the fruits is improved.

Comparative example 1

This comparative example differs from example 2 in that: in step 3, the compound microorganism consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, lactobacillus buchneri, bacillus subtilis and actinomycetes with the colony number of 1:1:1: 1.

Comparative example 2

The comparative example differs from example 2 in that: in step 3, the compound microorganism consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, lactobacillus buchneri, bacillus subtilis and actinomycetes with the colony number of 2:1:1: 1.

Comparative example 3

This comparative example differs from example 2 in that: in step 3, the compound microorganism consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, lactobacillus buchneri, bacillus subtilis and actinomycetes with the colony number of 1:2:1: 1.

Comparative example 4

The comparative example differs from example 2 in that: in step 3, the compound microorganism consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, lactobacillus buchneri, bacillus subtilis and actinomycetes with the colony number of 1:1:1: 2.

Comparative example 5

This comparative example differs from example 2 in that: in the step 4, artificial pollination is carried out by using the fruit setting agent without introducing bumble bees for pollination.

Evaluation protocol

Comparative experiments for planting of cherry tomatoes were respectively performed according to the planting methods of examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 5 to verify the effects of the different planting methods on the yield and quality of cherry tomatoes, and the average single fruit mass (g), soluble solids (%) and average yield per mu (Kg) of the cherry tomatoes planted in examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were counted, and the results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 comparison of test yields and quality

	Average single fruit mass (g)	Soluble solids (%)	Average acre yield (Kg)
				Example 1	15.8	9.5	3970
Example 2	16.1	10.5	4025
				Comparative example 1	10.5	7.4	3680
Comparative example 2	13.2	8.1	3730
				Comparative example 3	12.4	8.3	3780
Comparative example 4	14.7	8.5	3805
				Comparative example 5	15.1	7.1	3570

According to the determination results in the table 1, by adopting the planting method of the embodiment 1-2, cherry tomatoes with better quality and yield can be obtained, wherein the average single fruit quality of the cherry tomatoes is as high as 16.1g, the content of soluble solid is as high as 10.5%, and the average yield per mu is 4025 Kg. Compared with the example 2, when the colony number ratio of the four different bacteria of the compound microorganism is changed in the planting process (comparative examples 1-4), the quality and the yield of the produced cherry tomatoes are reduced to different degrees, namely the invention optimizes the type and the ratio of the compound microorganism in the planting process, so that the four beneficial bacteria in the compound microorganism play a synergistic effect, and the quality and the yield of the produced cherry tomatoes are obviously improved. Furthermore, as can be seen from comparative example 5, different pollination methods have certain influence on fruit setting rate and fruit quality, the fruit setting rate and quality of fruits are improved by using the soul and the bumble bees in a matching way in comparison with the artificial pollination only by using the soul, and the sugar content and yield are reflected, and compared with comparative example 5, by using the planting method of the embodiment 2 of the invention, the soluble solid content and the average per mu yield of the cherry tomatoes are both obviously improved. In conclusion, the planting method provided by the invention can improve the yield and quality of cherry tomatoes, reduces the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the planting process, has higher economic benefit, and ensures the sustainability of production development.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (7)

1. The high-yield planting method of cherry tomatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1, seedling culture: soaking seeds in hot water of 55 ℃ for 15-20 minutes, accelerating germination at 25-30 ℃, sowing in nutrient soil after germination, and irrigating trichoderma harzianum of 1-3 g/m ² Meanwhile, controlling the growth temperature to be 20-30 ℃ in the daytime and 12-20 ℃ at night, supplementing boron and phosphorus elements after three true leaves grow out of the seedlings, cooling and hardening the seedlings one week before field planting, and spraying plant vaccines and spirotetramat 2 days before field planting;

step 2, field planting management: closing the greenhouse before field planting, sterilizing the greenhouse, then spreading 40-60 Kg of compound fertilizer and 70-80 Kg of calcium silicate mineral fertilizer per mu, applying 120-200 Kg of thoroughly decomposed oil in a furrow, watering before field planting to make soil moisture, and closing the greenhouse to improve the ground temperature;

step 3, field planting and seedling reviving: transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step 1 into a greenhouse, watering root fixing water after field planting, then dripping 150 g/mu of 1000 hundred million cfu/g of compound microorganisms, controlling the temperature to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night, reducing the temperature by 5 ℃ in the day and night after seedling revival, and simultaneously applying the compound microorganisms once every month;

step 4, managing before harvesting: 10 days after seedling slowing, dripping 200 g/mu of potassium fulvate, controlling the temperature to be 22-27 ℃ in the daytime, controlling the temperature to be 13-18 ℃ at night and controlling vigorous growth, laying down the plants when the plant height is 15-20 cm, and pollinating by using the combination of carposins and bumble bees after the plants bloom;

step 5, management in a harvesting period: after each cluster of fruits begins to change color, cutting off old leaves at the lower part in time, properly controlling water before the fruits begin to be harvested so as to improve the accumulation of dry matters of the fruits, cutting off useless empty fruit branches in time after each cluster of fruits is harvested, and dropping tendrils;

and 3, the compound microorganism consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, lactobacillus buchneri, bacillus subtilis and actinomycetes with the colony number of 1:1:2: 1.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient soil in step 1 is peat, vermiculite and perlite in a mass ratio of 2:1:0.5, mixed with 20Kg/m ² The wormcast is prepared.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein step 1 further comprises spraying bacillus subtilis for disease prevention and spraying pyrethrin for insect prevention.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 2 is to sterilize the greenhouse by using straw biological reaction and solar high temperature.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the controlling of vigorous growth in step 4 is performed by spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pollination using the combination of Zuoguoling and bumble bees in the step 4 is as follows: artificial pollination is carried out by using Zuoguoling in the early stage after blooming, and bumblebee is introduced for pollination after 80% of plants bloom.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 5, the high potassium, medium nitrogen, low phosphorus, water soluble fertilizer and trace elements are applied every 10 days.