KR20080085523A - Blast construction working method for a tunnel - Google Patents

Blast construction working method for a tunnel Download PDF

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KR20080085523A
KR20080085523A KR1020070027186A KR20070027186A KR20080085523A KR 20080085523 A KR20080085523 A KR 20080085523A KR 1020070027186 A KR1020070027186 A KR 1020070027186A KR 20070027186 A KR20070027186 A KR 20070027186A KR 20080085523 A KR20080085523 A KR 20080085523A
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hole
holes
tunnel
expansion
blasting
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KR1020070027186A
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Korean (ko)
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KR100866105B1 (en
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정영문
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정영문
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Priority to PCT/KR2008/001023 priority patent/WO2008114939A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/02—Drilling rigs characterised by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting
    • E21B7/022—Control of the drilling operation; Hydraulic or pneumatic means for activation or operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

A blast construction method of a tunnel is provided to reduce the quantity of unnecessary explosives charged and to have the optimum width and efficiency by varying the quantity of explosives charged in an expansion hole and an auxiliary expansion hole, and to prevent the loss of explosives charged in an adjacent expansion hole or the lowering of blasting efficiency while blasting expansion holes in order. A blast construction method of a tunnel comprises the steps of: perforating holes to form many cut holes(11) nearby the center of a tunnel, cut expansion holes(12) on the outside of the cut holes to expand a crushing space formed by the cut holes, many expansion holes(13a,13b,13c) on the outside of the cut expansion hole to arrange at regular intervals, auxiliary expansion holes(14a,14b) in the space among the expansion holes, bottom holes(16) on the outside of the expansion holes and the auxiliary expansion holes to arrange on the bottom of a tunnel, and a design excavation hole(15) along the final cross section of a tunnel; forming loading holes by injecting delayed-action detonators and bombs in the perforated holes to make the cut expansion hole and the auxiliary expansion holes charged with explosives in a small quantity, compared with the quantity of explosives charged in the cut holes and the expansion holes; filling up the outside of the loading holes which are the cut holes, the cut expansion holes, the expansion holes, the auxiliary expansion holes, the bottom holes, and the design excavation hole; and exploding the cut holes, the cut expansion holes, the expansion holes, the auxiliary expansion holes, the bottom holes, and the design excavation hole in order.

Description

터널의 발파 시공 방법{blast construction working method for a tunnel}Blast construction working method for a tunnel

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 터널의 천공 배치도.1 is a perforated layout of the tunnel according to the invention.

도 2는 도 1의 A-A선 단면도.2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of FIG.

도 3은 본 발명에 따른 장약 장전량을 보여주는 단면도.3 is a cross-sectional view showing a charge amount according to the present invention.

도 4는 종래의 터널 발파 시공 방법에 따른 진동과 소음 측정 결과를 나타내는 그래프.Figure 4 is a graph showing the vibration and noise measurement results according to the conventional tunnel blasting construction method.

도 5는 본 발명에 따른 진동과 소음 측정 결과를 나타내는 그래프.5 is a graph showing the vibration and noise measurement results according to the present invention.

도 6은 종래의 터널 발파 시공 방법에 따른 터널의 천공 배치도.Figure 6 is a perforated layout of the tunnel according to the conventional tunnel blasting construction method.

도 7은 도 5의 B-B선 단면도.7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG.

도 8은 종래의 터널 발파 시공 방법에 따른 장약 장전량을 보여주는 단면도.8 is a cross-sectional view showing the charge amount according to the conventional tunnel blasting construction method.

※ 도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명※ Explanation of codes for main parts of drawing

11 : 심발공 12 : 심발확대공11: heart attack 12: heart enlargement

13a, 13b, 13c : 확대공 14a, 14b : 확대보조공13a, 13b, 13c: magnifying hole 14a, 14b: magnifying assistant

15 : 설계굴착공 16 : 바닥공15: Design Excavation Hole 16: Floor Hole

131b, 141a : 폭약 132b, 142a : 전색131b, 141a: explosive charge 132b, 142a: full color

본 발명은 터널의 발파 시공 방법에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 확대공과 확대보조공에 장전되는 장약의 양을 달리 하여 장약의 불필요한 양을 줄임과 동시에 최적의 폭파 효율을 갖도록 한 터널의 발파 시공 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for blasting a tunnel, and more particularly, to a method for blasting a tunnel to reduce the unnecessary amount of the charge and to have an optimal blasting efficiency by varying the amount of the charge loaded in the expanding hole and the expanding assistant. It is about.

일반적으로 발파방법에 의한 터널굴착방법의 형태로써는 종래의 전단면 1회 발파공법, 분할발파공법, 그리고 다단발파공법으로 구분할 수 있으며, 이들 발파방법에 의한 터널굴착은 공통적으로 다음과 같은 단계로 구분되어 실시된다.In general, the type of tunnel excavation method by the blasting method can be classified into conventional one-shot blasting method, split blasting method, and multi-stage blasting method. Tunnel excavation by these blasting methods is generally divided into the following steps It is done.

굴착단면의 크기 및 위치를 암석에 표시하는 제1단계, 심발공, 심발확대공, 확대공, 바닥공 및 설계굴착공 등을 일정한 깊이와 각도로 천공하는 제2단계, 상기 천공된 공들에 뇌관과 폭약을 채우는 제3단계, 발파기에 의하여 뇌관과 폭약을 기폭 시키는 제4단계, 발파된 암석을 제거하는 제5단계, 부석 제거 및 암반 보강 작업을 수행하는 제6단계로 구분되어 실시된다.The first step of marking the size and location of the excavation section on the rock, the second step of drilling the deep hole, the deep hole expansion hole, the enlargement hole, the bottom hole and the design excavation hole at a predetermined depth and angle, the primer on the drilled balls And the third step of filling the explosives, the fourth step of detonating the primer and explosives by the blasting machine, the fifth step of removing the blasted rock, the sixth step of performing pumice removal and rock reinforcement.

이와 같은 단계로 이루어진 종래의 터널 발파 굴착 방법은 먼저 발파할 막장면에 도 6에서 보인 것과 같이 심발공(21), 심발확대공(22), 확대공(23a)(23b)(23c)(23d)(23e), 바닥공(25) 및 설계굴착공(24)이 천공되어야 할 위치를 표시한 후, 착암기 또는 점보드릴 등의 굴착기로 전단면내 소정의 위치에 여러 개의 발파공들을 천공하되, 발파할 단면의 중심부에 천공기로 일정 깊이로 천공한 후, 이 천공구멍들 내에 지발뇌관 및 폭약들을 영역별로 장전하여 발파기로 뇌관들을 기폭시킴으로써 발파되는 형태가 통상적인 방법이다.In the conventional tunnel blasting excavation method consisting of such a step, as shown in FIG. 6, a deep hole 21, a deep hole 22, an enlarged hole 23a, 23b, 23c and 23d are shown in FIG. 6. (23e), the bottom hole 25 and the design excavation hole 24 to mark the position to be punched, and then drilled a plurality of blast holes at a predetermined position in the shear plane with an excavator such as a rock drill or a point board reel, After drilling a predetermined depth in the center of the cross section by a perforator, the conventional method is to blast by detonating primers with explosives by loading the delayed primers and explosives by area in these perforations.

상기와 같은 터널굴착방법의 발파단계 중 제3단계인 폭약의 장전단계에서는 도 7에서 보인 것과 같이 발파되는 장약공들 내에 뇌관 및 폭약이 전색물과 함께 장전되어진 상태를 보여주고 있는데, 여기에서 지발뇌관 및 폭약은 각 천공구멍 내의 아래쪽으로 치우쳐서 장전되어진다.In the loading step of the explosive, which is the third step of the blasting step of the tunnel excavation method as shown in FIG. 7, the primer and the explosive are loaded together with the chromosome in the blasting holes as shown in FIG. 7. Primers and explosives are loaded biased downwards in each drill hole.

폭약은 2가지의 종류로서 도면에 해당되는 심발공, 심발확대공, 주변공, 바닥공의 장약에는 일반폭약을 사용하게 되며, 설계굴착공에는 도면과 같이 모암의 손상을 적게 하고, 여굴을 방지하기 위하여 일반폭약과 정밀폭약을 함께 사용하게 된다.There are two types of explosives: general explosives are used for the charge of heart hole, heart enlargement hole, periphery hole, and floor hole corresponding to the drawing. General explosives and precision explosives are used together.

이때, 심발공 부분에 지발뇌관들을 좌우 대칭으로 아래에서 위로 순차적으로 배열 장전시키고, 이후 심발확대공, 바닥공 및 설계굴착공들에는 심발부분에서 외곽방향으로 영역별로 지발뇌관들을 순차적으로 배열 장전시켜 발파기로 뇌관들을 기폭시킴으로써 터널 암반을 굴착하게 되는데, 이때 지발뇌관들의 기폭순서는 심발을 중심으로 심발공, 심발확대공, 주변공, 설계굴착공, 바닥공등의 순으로 동심원형태로 연속적으로 발파가 이루어져서 소요 단면을 확보하게 된다.At this time, the branching primers are sequentially loaded from the bottom to the symmetrical position in the cardiac cavities, and then the branching primers are arranged in the lateral direction from the cardiac section to the cardiac enlargement hole, the bottom hole, and the design excavation holes. By detonating the primers with the blasting machine, the tunnel rock is excavated.In this case, the detonation order of the delayed primers is continuously blasted in the form of concentric circles in the order of cardiac cavity, cardiac enlargement hole, peripheral hole, design excavation hole, and floor hole. Is made to secure the required cross section.

하지만, 상기와 같은 종래의 발파방법은 도 6에서 도시하는 바와 같이 장약공(23b) 내 폭약(231b)의 폭발영역(233b)이 인접공(23c)의 폭약(231c)의 폭발영역(233c)과 겹쳐지는 부분이 발생하게 되며, 폭발 영역의 겹쳐짐은 순차적으로 발파되는 터널 발파의 특성상 앞단의 발파에 의하여, 다음에 발파되어질 구멍의 전색(232c)이나 폭약(231c)에 영향을 주어서 전색을 충분히 하지 않거나 화약이 부족하게 장전된 결과를 초래하게 된다.However, in the conventional blasting method as shown in FIG. 6, the explosion area 233b of the explosive charge 231b in the charge hole 23b is the explosion area 233c of the explosive charge 231c of the adjacent hole 23c. The overlapping area of the explosion area is caused by the blasting of the front end due to the characteristics of the tunnel blasting which is sequentially blasted, thereby affecting the color (232c) or the explosive (231c) of the hole to be blasted next. It may result in insufficient loading or insufficient loading of gunpowder.

전색을 충분히 하지 않으면 폭약의 폭발력이 암반에 집중이 되지 않고, 암반 에 집중되지 못한 폭발력이 공구로 밀려 나오면서 소음으로 바뀌게 되는 것이다. 또한 암반을 제대로 파괴시키지 못하기 때문에 진동도 더 커지는 것이다. 이러한 결과에 의하여 미 굴진장의 발생과 더불어 소음 및 진동도 더 커지게 된다. If you don't have enough color, the explosive power of the explosives will not be concentrated on the rock, and the explosive power, which is not concentrated on the rock, will be pushed out by the tool and converted into noise. It also causes greater vibration because it does not destroy the rock properly. As a result of this, noise and vibration are also increased along with the occurrence of unexcavated fields.

종래의 터널 발파 방법은 암질이 안 좋은 구간 즉 연암, 사암, 다이크 암질에서는 설계굴착공 밑의 폭발에 의하여 설계굴착공에 장약된 정밀 폭약의 불발과 더불어 폭발의 영향을 받지 말아야할 모암에도 영향을 주어서 여굴(over break) 발생이 야기되며, 이는 폭발 후 낙석 및 불발 화약의 처리 등 추가적인 작업을 진행해야하고, 보강작업에 들어가는 비용 및 시간의 증가되는 문제점도 발생하게 된다. Conventional tunnel blasting method affects the rock which should not be affected by the explosion of precision explosives charged in the design excavation hole by the explosive under the design excavation hole in the area of poor rock quality, that is, soft rock, sandstone and dyke rock. In addition, overbreak is generated, which requires additional work such as treatment of falling rocks and unexploded explosives, and also causes an increase in cost and time for reinforcement.

또한, 종래의 터널 발파에서는 이 같은 고비용 저효율의 문제점을 가지는 것뿐만 아니라, 발파 시 발생되는 지반진동과 소음으로 인하여 인접구조물에 물리적 영향을 미치며 그 피해에 대한 민원을 유발시키게 됨으로써 공사 진행에 지장을 일으키는 경우도 생기는 문제점도 있었다. In addition, the conventional tunnel blasting not only has such a problem of high cost and low efficiency, but also has a physical effect on the adjacent structures due to ground vibration and noise generated during blasting, and causes civil complaints about the damage. There was also a problem that occurs.

이에, 본 발명은 상기와 같은 종래의 제반 문제점을 해소하기 위하여 안출된 것으로, 그 목적은 확대공과 확대보조공에 장전되는 장약의 양을 달리 하여 장약의 불필요한 양을 줄임과 동시에 최적의 폭파 효율을 갖도록 한 터널의 발파 시공 방법을 제공함에 있다.Accordingly, the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the object is to change the amount of the charge loaded in the expansion hole and the expansion aid to reduce the unnecessary amount of the charge and at the same time the optimum blasting efficiency The present invention provides a method for blasting construction of a tunnel.

또한, 본 발명의 목적은 터널의 폭파 시공 시에, 순차적으로 확대공들이 폭파되면서 인접한 확대공에 장전된 폭약이 손실되거나 폭파 성능이 저하되는 것이 방지되도록 함에 있다.In addition, an object of the present invention is to prevent the explosives loaded in the adjacent expansion hole is lost or the blasting performance is deteriorated as the expansion holes are sequentially blown during the blasting construction of the tunnel.

상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명은 터널을 굴착하고자 하는 막장 면에 소정깊이 및 소정 배열로 수평 구멍들을 천공하는 천공단계, 상기 천공된 구멍 내에 지발 뇌관 및 폭약 등을 장전하여 장약공을 형성하는 장전단계, 상기 장약공들의 입구를 전색물로 전색시키는 전색단계, 발파기로 뇌관을 기폭 시켜 상기 폭약을 폭파시키는 기폭단계를 거치는 터널 발파 시공방법에 있어서, 상기 천공단계에서 터널의 중앙부에 심발공을 형성하고, 그 외측에 이격되어 배열되는 심발확대공, 심발확대공의 외측에 일정 간격을 두고 배열되는 2열 이상의 확대공, 확대공의 사이에 배열되는 확대보조공, 및 터널의 바닥부에 형성되는 바닥공과, 터널의 최종 단면과 대응되게 형성되는 설계굴착공을 형성하고, 상기 폭약 장전단계에서 상기 확대보조공에 장전되는 폭약이 상기 확대공에 장전되는 폭약의 양 보다 적은 양으로 장전되도록 하며, 상기 발파단계에서 상기 심발공에서 설계굴착공의 순으로 점차 외측을 향하면서 순차적으로 기폭되도록 한 것을 특징으로 한다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a drilling step for drilling horizontal holes in a predetermined depth and a predetermined arrangement on the membrane surface to be excavated tunnel, loaded with a delayed primer and explosives in the drilled holes A tunnel blasting construction method comprising a loading step of forming, a coloring step of coloring the entrance of the charge holes with a color material, and an explosion step of detonating the explosives by detonating a primer with a blasting device, wherein in the drilling step A cardiac enlargement hole which forms a ball and is spaced apart from the outside thereof, two or more rows of enlargement holes arranged at regular intervals outside the cardiac enlargement hole, an enlargement aid arranged between the enlargement holes, and the bottom part of the tunnel And a bottom hole formed in the drill hole, and a design excavation hole formed to correspond to the final cross section of the tunnel. The explosive charge is I, and that loading with lower than that of the explosive charge is loaded in the expanding ball, and in the demolition phase, characterized in that the to sequentially detonate the while gradually toward the outside in the order of the design drilling hole in the Gheshm ball.

또한, 상기 확대보조공에 장전되는 폭약은 그 내측열에 형성된 확대공에서 폭약이 발파되어 형성되는 자유면의 내부에 숨겨지는 양으로 장전되고, 상기 확대공이 발파되어 형성된 자유면에 상기 확대보조공의 전색부가 노출되도록 형성된 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the explosive charge loaded in the enlarged auxiliary hole is loaded in an amount hidden inside the free surface formed by the explosive blasted in the enlarged hole formed in the inner row, and the enlarged auxiliary hole on the free surface formed by blasting the enlarged hole. Characterized in that the entire color portion is formed to be exposed.

이하, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 첨부된 도면을 참고로 하여 더욱 상세하게 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 터널의 천공 배치도이고, 도 2는 도 1의 A-A선 단면 도이며, 도 3은 본 발명에 따른 장약 장전량을 보여주는 단면도로서, 도시된 것과 같이 본 발명에 의한 터널의 발파 시공 방법은 터널의 굴착하고자 하는 면에 소정 깊이 및 배열로 구멍들을 천공하는 천공단계와, 천공된 구멍 내에 지발 뇌관 및 폭약 등을 장전하여 장약공을 형성하는 장전단계, 장약공들의 입구를 전색하는 전색단계 및 발파기로 뇌관을 기폭시키는 기폭단계를 거치는 터널 발파 시공방법에서 특히, 천공단계에 심발공(11), 심발확대공(12), 확대공(13a)(13b)(13c), 확대보조공(14a)(14b) 및 바닥공(16)과 설계굴착공(15)을 형성하고, 심발확대공(12)과 확대보조공(14a)(14b)에 장전되는 폭약의 양이 심발공(11)과 확대공(13a)(13b)(13c)에 장전되는 폭약의 양 보다 적은 양으로 장전되도록 한 것이다.Figure 1 is a perforated layout of the tunnel according to the invention, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of Figure 1, Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the charge load according to the present invention, as shown in the tunnel of the present invention The blasting construction method includes a drilling step of drilling holes at a predetermined depth and an arrangement on a surface to be excavated, a loading step of loading a delayed primer and an explosive into a drilled hole to form a loading hole, and filling the entrances of the drilling workers. In the tunnel blasting construction method, which goes through the detonation step of detonating the primer with the blasting stage and the blasting machine, in particular, the deep drilling hole (11), deepening hole (12), enlargement hole (13a) (13b) (13c), enlargement in the drilling step The amount of explosive charges formed in the auxiliary holes 14a and 14b and the bottom hole 16 and the design excavation hole 15 and loaded in the heart enlargement hole 12 and the enlarged auxiliary hole 14a and 14b is determined. (11) and magnification holes (13a) (13b) loaded with less than the amount of explosives loaded in (13c) It is.

상기 천공단계는 공지의 굴착기나 드릴 등을 이용하여 터널의 굴착면에 폭약이 장전되는 구멍을 천공하는 것으로서, 일정한 간격 및 배열을 이루면서 일정한 깊이로 구멍이 천공되도록 하되, 터널의 중심부 인근에 폭파가 시작되는 다수의 심발공(11)을 배열하고, 심발공(11)의 외측으로는 심발공(11)에 의해 형성된 파쇄공간의 영역을 확장시키는 심발확대공(12)을 형성하며, 심발확대공(12)의 외측으로는 일정한 간격을 두고 배치되는 2열 이상의 다수의 확대공(13a)(13b)(13c)을 형성하고, 확대공(13a)(13b)(13c)의 사이 공간에 확대보조공(14a)(14b)을 형성하며, 확대공(13a)(13b)(13c) 및 확대보조공(14a)(14b)의 외측으로는 터널의 바닥부에 배열되는 바닥공(16)과 터널의 최종 단면을 따라 형성되는 설계굴착공(15)을 형성한다.The drilling step is to drill a hole in which the explosives are loaded on the excavated surface of the tunnel by using a known excavator or drill, so that the hole is drilled to a predetermined depth while forming a predetermined interval and arrangement, but the blasting is near the center of the tunnel. Arranging a plurality of starting cardiac hole (11), and form a cardiac augmentation hole (12) to expand the area of the fracture space formed by the cardiac hole (11) outside the cardiac hole (11), cardiac enlargement hole Outside the 12, a plurality of enlarged holes 13a, 13b, 13c of two or more rows arranged at regular intervals are formed, and enlarged and assisted in the space between the enlarged holes 13a, 13b, 13c. A hole 14a, 14b, and a bottom hole 16 and a tunnel arranged outside the enlarged holes 13a, 13b, 13c and the enlarged auxiliary holes 14a, 14b at the bottom of the tunnel. Form a design excavation hole 15 is formed along the final cross section of.

상기 장전단계는 상술한 천공단계에서 천공된 구멍에 폭약과 뇌관을 주입하는 단계로서, 특히 장전단계에서는 도 2 내지 도 3에서 보인 것과 같이 심발공과 확대공(13b)(13c) 및 바닥공에는 천공 깊이에 비례하여 폭약(131b)(131c)이 약 2/3가량의 깊이로 충진되도록 하고, 심발확대공과 확대보조공(14a)에는 심발공이나 확대공(13b)(13c)에 의해 형성되는 새로운 자유면의 내측으로 폭약(141a)이 숨겨지도록 천공 깊이의 1/3 미만 지점까지 폭약을 장전한다.The loading step is a step of injecting explosives and primers in the hole drilled in the above-mentioned drilling step, in particular in the loading step, as shown in Figures 2 to 3 perforated heart hole and enlarged hole (13b) (13c) and the bottom hole The explosive charges (131b) and (131c) are filled to a depth of about 2/3 in proportion to the depth, and the new enlarged holes (13b) and (13c) are formed in the cardiac augmentation hole and the augmentation hole (14a). The explosive is loaded to a point less than 1/3 of the depth of drilling so that the explosive 141a is hidden inside the free surface.

이 때, 암반의 강도 및 종류에 따라 심발공과 확대공에 장전된 폭약의 양에 의해 절단되어져 나가는 암반의 각도를 미리 계산한 후에, 심발확대공과 확대보조공(14a)에 장전되는 폭약은 심발공과 확대공(13b)에 의해 새로이 생성되는 자유면(133b)의 외부로 노출되지 않도록 그 양을 적절히 조절하는 것이 바람직하며, 확대공(13b)의 발파에 의해 절단되지 못한 여분의 암반(143a)이 확대보조공(14a)의 발파에 의해 절단되어지게 되며, 후속되는 확대공의 발파에 의해 다시 많은 양의 암반이 절단되어지게 되는 것이다.At this time, after calculating the angle of the rock cut out by the amount of explosives loaded in the heart hole and the enlargement hole according to the strength and type of the rock, the explosives loaded in the heart enlargement hole and the enlargement assistant 14a are divided into It is preferable to properly adjust the amount so as not to be exposed to the outside of the free surface 133b newly created by the enlarged hole 13b, and the extra rock 143a which is not cut by the blasting of the enlarged hole 13b is It is to be cut by the blasting of the enlarged auxiliary hole (14a), a large amount of rock is cut again by the blasting of the subsequent enlarged hole.

또한, 상기 설계굴착공(15)에는 정밀한 굴착 단면을 얻고 모암의 손상을 적게 하며, 여굴을 방지하기 위하여 일반 폭약과 정밀폭약이 순차적으로 장전되도록 하는 것이 바람직하다.In addition, the design excavation hole (15) to obtain a precise excavation cross section and less damage to the mother rock, it is preferable to load the general explosives and precision explosives sequentially in order to prevent over drilling.

상기 전색단계는 폭약이 장전된 구멍의 외측부를 막아 폭파 작업시에 폭파력이 암반의 내측으로 집중되도록 하고, 폭파시의 소음을 줄이도록 하는 것으로서, 통상의 전색물을 이용하여 상술한 심발공(11)과 심발확대공(12), 확대공(13a)(13b)(13c), 확대보조공(14a)(14b), 바닥공(16) 및 설계굴착공(15)의 폭약의 외측 공간이 채워지도록 한다.The color development step is to block the outer portion of the hole loaded with the explosives so that the blasting force is concentrated inside the rock during the blasting operation, and to reduce the noise during the blasting, and the above-described heart hole ( 11) the outer space of the explosive space of the deep hole 12, enlarged hole (13a) (13b) (13c), enlarged auxiliary hole (14a) (14b), the bottom hole 16 and the design excavation hole (15) To be filled.

상기 기폭단계는 폭약이 주입되고 전색작업이 마무리된 심발공(11)과 심발확 대공(12), 확대공(13a)(13b)(13c), 확대보조공(14a)(14b), 바닥공(16) 및 설계굴착공(15)을 순차적으로 기폭시켜 폭파시키는 단계로서, 터널의 발파를 위한 공지의 기폭 방법을 이용하는 것이 바람직하며, 특히 기폭단계에서는 심발공(11)과 심발확대공(12)을 순차적으로 폭파시킨 후 심발확대공(12)의 외측방으로 차례대로 교번되어 배치된 확대공(13a)(13b)(13c)과 확대보조공(14a)(14b)을 터널의 중심부에서 외측방으로 나가면서 순차적으로 폭파시킨다.In the detonation step, the explosives are injected and the deep-colored hole 11 and the deep-expansion large hole 12, enlarged hole 13a, 13b, 13c, enlarged assistant 14a, 14b, and bottom hole (16) and the step of detonating the design excavation hole 15 sequentially, it is preferable to use a known explosion method for the blasting of the tunnel, in particular, in the detonation step heart hole (11) and deep expansion hole (12) ) And then the enlarged holes 13a, 13b, 13c and the enlarged assistants 14a, 14b which are alternately arranged in the outer side of the heart enlarged hole 12 in the outer side from the center of the tunnel. Blow up sequentially as you go out to the room.

이후, 확대공(13a)(13b)(13c)과 확대보조공(14a)(14b)이 모두 폭파되면 남아있는 설계굴착공(15) 및 바닥공(16)을 폭파시켜 최종적인 터널의 단면이 형성되도록 한다.Then, when both the enlarged holes 13a, 13b, 13c and the enlarged auxiliary holes 14a, 14b are blown up, the remaining design excavation holes 15 and the bottom hole 16 are blown up, so that the final section of the tunnel To form.

이에 따라, 심발공의 폭파에 의해 암반이 떨어져 나가면서 생겨나는 자유면에 심발확대공의 폭약은 노출되지 않으면서 전색부만이 노출되어 심발확대공을 폭파시킬 때 심발확대공의 폭약이 충분한 전색의 효과를 가지면서 폭발할 수 있게 되어 폭파의 효과가 더욱 증대될 뿐만 아니라, 폭약의 낭비와 손실을 방지할 수 있게 되고, 폭파력이 암반에 집중되어 폭파시에 발생되는 소음과 진동을 줄일 수 있게 되는 것이다.As a result, the explosive charge of the cardiac augmentator is sufficient when the explosives of the cardiac augmenter are exploded when only the color part is exposed without exposing the explosive charge of the cardiac augmentation to the free surface that is generated as the rock falls off due to the explosion of the cardiac cavity. It can explode with the effect of not only increases the effect of the blasting, but also prevents waste and loss of explosives, and concentrates the blasting force on the rock to reduce the noise and vibration generated during the blasting. Will be.

또한, 심발확대공이 폭파된 후에는 그 외측에 배치된 확대공을 기폭시켜 대량의 암반이 폭파되도록 하면, 확대공의 폭파에 의해 암반이 떨어져 나가면서 생겨나는 자유면에 확대보조공의 폭약은 노출되지 않으면서 전색부만이 노출되어 확대보조공을 폭파시킬 때 확대보조공의 폭약이 충분한 전색의 효과를 가지면서 폭발할 수 있게 되어 폭파의 효과가 더욱 증대될 뿐만 아니라, 폭약의 낭비와 손실을 방지 할 수 있게 되고, 폭파력이 암반에 집중되어 폭파시에 발생되는 소음과 진동을 줄일 수 있게 되는 것이다.In addition, after the heart enlargement hole is blown up, if the enlarged hole arranged outside is detonated to cause a large amount of rock to be blown up, the explosive assistant's explosives are exposed on the free surface generated by the rock falling off by the explosion. When only the color part is exposed and the explosive assistant is blown up, the explosive assistant's explosive can explode with sufficient color effect, which not only increases the effect of the explosive but also wastes and loses explosives. It is possible to prevent, and the blast force is concentrated on the rock to reduce the noise and vibration generated during the blast.

도 4는 종래의 터널 발파 시공 방법에 따른 진동과 소음 측정 결과를 나타내는 그래프이고, 도 5는 본 발명에 따른 진동과 소음 측정 결과를 나타내는 그래프로서, 상술한 바와 같은 발파 시공 방법에 의해 실제적인 발파시공을 한 경우 종래의 방법과 비교하여 최대 소음(MAX dB)이 72.6dB에서 60.3dB로 줄어든 것을 확인할 수 있다.Figure 4 is a graph showing the vibration and noise measurement results according to the conventional tunnel blasting construction method, Figure 5 is a graph showing the vibration and noise measurement results according to the present invention, the actual blasting by the blasting construction method as described above In case of construction, the maximum noise (MAX dB) is reduced from 72.6dB to 60.3dB compared with the conventional method.

뿐만 아니라, 도 4와 도5를 통해 비교해 보면 발파시의 터널에 발생하는 충격의 크기를 알 수 있는 최고 벡터 합계(Peak Vector Sum) 또한 종래의 발파 방법에서는 4.479mm/s를 보이고 있지만, 본 발명에 의한 발파 방법에서는 2.167mm/s를 나타내고 있어 발파시의 충격이 절반 이하로 줄어드는 것을 확인할 수 있으며, 이에 의해 터널과 인접한 각종 건축물 및 자연환경에 미치는 영향이 더욱 줄어든다는 것을 알 수 있다.In addition, compared to FIGS. 4 and 5, the peak vector sum, which shows the magnitude of the impact generated in the tunnel during blasting, also shows 4.479 mm / s in the conventional blasting method. In the method of blasting by 2.167mm / s, it can be seen that the impact at the time of blasting is reduced to less than half, thereby further reducing the impact on various buildings and natural environment adjacent to the tunnel.

상술한 바와 같이, 본 발명은 확대공과 확대보조공에 장전되는 장약의 양을 달리 하여 장약의 불필요한 양을 줄임과 동시에 최적의 폭파 효율을 갖도록 한 터널의 발파 시공 방법을 제공함으로써, 종래의 천공 방법을 그대로 이용함에 따라 별도의 숙련공이 천공작업을 해야 할 필요가 없어질 뿐만 아니라, 폭약의 사용량이 줄어 진동 및 폭음이 감소되어 주변 환경에 미치는 영향이 줄어들게 되며, 시공 비용이 절감되는 효과를 가지게 된다.As described above, the present invention provides a blasting construction method of the tunnel so as to reduce the unnecessary amount of the charge and at the same time have an optimum blasting efficiency by varying the amount of the charge loaded in the expansion hole and the expansion aid, the conventional drilling method As it is used as a separate skilled workers not only do not need to drill, but also the use of explosives is reduced vibration and binge drinking to reduce the impact on the surrounding environment, and construction cost will be reduced .

또한, 본 발명의 목적은 터널의 폭파 시공 시에, 순차적으로 확대공들이 폭파되면서 인접한 확대공에 장전된 폭약이 손실되거나 폭파 성능이 저하되는 것이 방지되도록 함으로서, 적은 폭약의 양으로도 최적의 폭파 효과를 얻을 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 폭약의 불필요한 낭비를 방지하는 효과를 가지게 된다.In addition, it is an object of the present invention to prevent the explosives loaded in adjacent augers to be lost or the detonation performance is deteriorated as the explosives are sequentially blown during the blasting construction of the tunnel, thereby optimizing the explosives even with a small amount of explosives. Not only can the effect be obtained, but also the effect of preventing unnecessary waste of explosives.

Claims (3)

터널을 굴착하고자 하는 막장 면에 소정깊이 및 소정 배열로 수평 구멍들을 천공하는 천공단계, 상기 천공된 구멍 내에 지발 뇌관 및 폭약 등을 장전하여 장약공을 형성하는 장전단계, 상기 장약공들의 입구를 전색물로 전색시키는 전색단계, 발파기로 뇌관을 기폭 시켜 상기 폭약을 폭파시키는 기폭단계를 거치는 터널 발파 시공방법에 있어서,A drilling step of drilling horizontal holes in a predetermined depth and a predetermined arrangement on the face of the tunnel to be excavated, a loading step of loading a delayed primer and an explosive into the drilled hole to form a charge hole; In the tunnel blasting construction method that goes through the detonation step of detonating the explosives by detonating the primer with a blasting machine, the color step to be colored with water, 상기 천공단계에서 터널의 중앙부에 심발공을 형성하고, 그 외측에 이격되어 배열되는 심발확대공, 심발확대공의 외측에 일정 간격을 두고 배열되는 2열 이상의 확대공, 확대공의 사이에 배열되는 확대보조공, 및 터널의 바닥부에 형성되는 바닥공과, 터널의 최종 단면과 대응되게 형성되는 설계굴착공을 형성하고,In the perforation step, the heart hole is formed in the center of the tunnel and is arranged between two or more enlarged holes arranged at a predetermined interval on the outside of the heart enlarged hole, which is spaced apart from the outside, and the enlarged hole is arranged between the enlarged holes. An enlarged auxiliary hole, a bottom hole formed at the bottom of the tunnel, and a design excavation hole formed corresponding to the final cross section of the tunnel, 상기 폭약 장전단계에서 상기 확대보조공에 장전되는 폭약이 상기 확대공에 장전되는 폭약의 양 보다 적은 양으로 장전되도록 하며,In the explosive charge loading step, the explosives loaded in the enlargement assistant is loaded in an amount less than the explosives loaded in the enlarged hole, 상기 발파단계에서 상기 심발공에서 설계굴착공의 순으로 점차 외측을 향하면서 순차적으로 기폭되도록 한 것을 특징으로 하는 터널 발파 시공방법.Tunnel blasting construction method characterized in that the blasting step in order to gradually outward in the order from the heart hole to the design excavation hole gradually. 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 확대보조공에 장전되는 폭약은 그 내측열에 형성된 확대공에서 폭약이 발파되어 형성되는 자유면의 내부에 숨겨지는 깊이로 장전되고, 상기 확대공이 발파되어 형성된 자유면에 상기 확대보조공의 전색부가 노출되도록 형성된 것을 특징 으로 하는 터널 발파 시공방법.The explosive charge loaded in the enlarged auxiliary hole is loaded to a depth hidden inside the free surface formed by the explosive blown from the enlarged holes formed in the inner row thereof, and the entire color portion of the enlarged auxiliary hole is formed on the free surface formed by the exploding hole. Tunnel blasting construction method characterized in that formed to be exposed. 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서,The method according to claim 1 or 2, 상기 심발확대공에 장전되는 폭약은 그 내측열에 형성된 심발공에서 폭약이 발파되어 형성되는 자유면의 내부에 숨겨지는 깊이로 장전되고, 상기 심발공이 발파되어 형성된 자유면에 상기 심발확대공의 전색부가 노출되도록 형성된 것을 특징으로 하는 터널 발파 시공방법.The explosives loaded into the cardiac enlargement hole are loaded to a depth hidden inside the free surface formed by the explosives blasting in the deep-thickness holes formed in the inner row thereof, and the color portion of the cardiac enlargement hole is formed on the free surface formed by the blasting of the cardiac hole. Tunnel blasting construction method characterized in that it is formed to be exposed.
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