CN103344154B - Carbonaceous schist tunnel blasting method and construction method - Google Patents
Carbonaceous schist tunnel blasting method and construction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carbonaceous schist tunnel blasting method and construction method. The carbonaceous schist tunnel construction method includes the steps of carrying out blasting in the carbonaceous schist tunnel blasting method, clearing away residues and digging out rock mass which does not fall off by using mechanical equipment, and revising a tunnel contour line. The carbonaceous schist tunnel blasting method includes the steps of dividing a tunnel face into a carbonaceous schist area and a none-carbonaceous schist area; arranging a plurality of blast holes in the tunnel face to form a hole pattern, wherein the density of the blast holes in the carbonaceous schist area is smaller than that of the blast holes in the none-carbonaceous schist area; filling explosives and detonators into the blast holes; connecting the detonators into a network; detonating the explosives according to a preset detonating sequence. The tunneling method of combining blasting and machinery is adopted, blasting is carried out first, rock does not need to be thrown out completely, and therefore disturbance and damage to surrounding rock are reduced; then the residues are cleared away and the rock mass which does not fall off is dug out by using the mechanical equipment, thus, tunneling efficiency can be improved, disturbance to the surrounding rock is little, and damage on the surrounding rock is reduced; in addition, the back break control effect is good, the tunneling effect is improved, and tunneling quality is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tunnel excavation technical field, particularly relate to a kind of carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method and construction method.
Background technology
In tunnel excavation process, often can run into the geological conditions of some special complexity, just there is large-area carbonaceous schist in the such as ten white Shi Gou tunnels of flower at a high speed in digging process.Carbonaceous schist has that deflection is large, the distortion duration is long, distortion does not restrain and to characteristics such as Influence of The Blasting Vibration are more responsive, very easily occurs caving in or the problem such as deformation intrude structure ambit, adopt general method to be difficult to reach good effect in work progress.
Domestic constructing tunnel generally adopts drilling and blasting method or mechanical equivalent of light excavation method.Drilling and blasting method is large to country rock disturbance, and often because vibrations are excessive affect rock stability, cause disaster, and demolition effect is undesirable, block is easily fallen in arch, and backbreak serious, and carbonaceous schist is higher to explosion sensitiveness, concussion of blasting very easily causes the distortion that country rock is larger.Mechanical equivalent of light excavation method excavation soft rock efficiency is higher, little to the disturbance of country rock, excavation quality is high, and tunnel contour wire gauge is whole, but tunnel geology complicated condition, carbonaceous schist generation form is also irregular, outcrop area is indefinite, sometimes accounts for more than 90% of whole face area, sometimes only accounts for about 20%, machinery cannot dig out non-schist rock mass effectively, and therefore efficiency is not high.Ripe method is there is no for the excavation in carbonaceous schist tunnel in currently available technology.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, provides a kind of carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method and construction method, reduces rock convergence measure, improves drivage efficiency, improves excavation effect.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, on the one hand, The embodiment provides a kind of carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method, comprise the following steps:
According to carbonaceous schist distribution core tunnel cross-section figure on face, face is divided into carbonaceous schist region and non-carbonaceous schist region;
Described face arranges multiple big gun hole and forms hole pattern, wherein, the big gun hole density be arranged on described carbonaceous schist region is less than the big gun hole density being arranged on described non-carbonaceous schist region;
Explosive and detonating capsule are encased in described big gun hole; And,
Described detonating capsule is networked, detonates according to default firing order;
Described big gun hole comprises keyhole, via hole and periphery hole, and described keyhole is positioned at tunnel center deviation upper/lower positions, and described periphery hole is arranged along the arrangement of tunnel contour line, and described via hole is between described keyhole and described periphery hole;
Described keyhole and described via hole all adopt continuous charging structure, and described detonating capsule is arranged on bottom big gun hole, and blast sockets for collecting energy points to aperture and carries out indirect initiation;
Described periphery hole adopts the spaced loading structure that is not coupled, and is divided into two vertically by emulsion explosive cartridge, and it is put into described periphery hole together with primacord colligation, and forming hoop uncouple coefficient is the charge constitution of 2.3-2.7, utilizes described primacord propagation of explosion;
In carbonaceous schist region, relatively non-carbonaceous schist region, the trestle column of keyhole increases 20%, and pitch of holes is identical; The Hole pattern parameters in all the other big gun holes increases 50%;
The aperture, aperture in all big gun holes is identical, is 40-44mm;
The explosive payload in described big gun hole is identical.
In carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method of the present invention, the cyclic advance of explosion is less than or equal to 1.2m.
In carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method of the present invention, keyhole adopts wedge-shaped arrangement mode, and inclination angle, big gun hole is 65-75 °; Described via hole and described periphery hole are upright opening.
In carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method of the present invention, array pitch 0.8m, the bottom hole pitch 0.4m of the keyhole on non-carbonaceous schist region, aperture distance 1.4m, via hole spacing at 1.1-1.2m, trestle column 1-1.1m, periphery hole spacing 0.9m, base pitch of holes 0.6m; On carbonaceous schist region, via hole pitch of holes 1.8m, trestle column 1.2m, hole, base pitch of holes 1.3m, periphery hole pitch of holes 0.9m.
In carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method of the present invention, described detonating capsule is non-electrical Millisecond Nonel Tube Detonator.
In carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method of the present invention, described default firing order is by center to surrounding, and detonate piecemeal from low section to high section by expanding groove after first slotting, periphery hole finally detonates.
On the other hand, present invention also offers a kind of carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction, comprise the following steps:
Aforesaid carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method is adopted to carry out explosion;
Remove slag body by plant equipment, dig out the rock mass that do not come off, and tunnel contour line is repaired, control out break.
In described carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction, adopt step method, excavating sequences is followed successively by: excavation of topping bar, excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation; Described excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation controls at 10-15m with the described spacing excavated of topping bar.
The carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method that the embodiment of the present invention provides, face is divided into carbonaceous schist region and non-carbonaceous schist region, different big gun holes is laid in zones of different, each region ground is made all to loosen avalanche, without the need to complete throwing out, reduce the disturbance to country rock and damage, be beneficial to next step mechanical equivalent of light excavation, improve drivage efficiency.
The carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction that the embodiment of the present invention provides, adopt explosion and mechanically combining excavation method, first carry out explosion, without the need to complete throwing out, reduce the disturbance to country rock and damage, recycling plant equipment is removed slag body, is dug out the rock mass that do not come off, and can improve drivage efficiency, simultaneously little to country rock disturbance, reduce rock convergence measure; Out break control effects is good, improves excavation effect, and excavation quality is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of step method in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart to excavation of topping bar in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is to the flow chart carrying out explosion of topping bar in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the steel for shot figure in the preferred embodiment of the present invention on topping bar;
Fig. 6 is at the steel for shot figure in left-half that gets out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is at the steel for shot figure on right half part that gets out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described.
See Fig. 1, a kind ofly efficiently can excavate carbonaceous schist tunnel for the preferred embodiment of the present invention aims to provide and reduce carbonaceous schist tunnel excavation method to surrounding rock failure, the method is particularly useful for V level country rock carbonaceous schist tunnel excavation, meanwhile, particularly carbonaceous schist area accounts for the situation of tunnel tunnel face area 60% or more.
As shown in Figure 1, the carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction that the preferred embodiment of the present invention provides, comprising: adopt carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method to carry out blast working; Remove slag body by plant equipment, dig out the rock mass that do not come off, and tunnel contour line is repaired.In the present embodiment, according to carbonaceous schist tunnel geology situation, adopt step method, excavating sequences is followed successively by: excavation of topping bar, excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation; Described excavation point two parts in left and right of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation are excavated successively; Excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation controls at 10-15m with the spacing excavated of topping bar.Meanwhile, adopt Tunnel Blasting and mechanically combining excavating load, namely first carry out Tunnel Blasting, recycling machinery excavates.
As shown in Figure 2, step method comprises the following steps.
S1, tunnel tunnel face is divided into and tops bar and get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation;
S2, to excavation of topping bar;
S3, to excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation.
Excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation controls at 10-15m with the spacing excavated of topping bar, and often carries out preliminary bracing construction immediately after circulation excavation.Explosion cyclic advance controls within 1.2m, such blast charging amount is less, thus the vibrations caused are also less, also less to country rock disturbance, and the efficiency of excavator excavation and shipment rock is also high, therefore can improve explosion and drivage efficiency, improves excavation effect, reduce the vibration influence to country rock, guarantee tunnel excavation process safety.
In step S2, as shown in Figure 3, adopting topping bar carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction to excavate, specifically comprising the following steps.
S21, carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method is adopted to construct to topping bar.As shown in Figure 4, this carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method comprises the following steps.
S211, according to carbonaceous schist distribution core tunnel cross-section figure on face, face is divided into carbonaceous schist region 1a and non-carbonaceous schist region 1b by the outcrop area according to carbonaceous schist on face.
S212, described face arranges multiple big gun hole and forms hole pattern, wherein, the big gun hole density be arranged on described carbonaceous schist region 1a is less than the big gun hole density being arranged on described non-carbonaceous schist region 1b.In this step, can according to designing in advance, with end face instrument laser determination big gun hole site, tunnel, the aperture, aperture in described big gun hole is all identical, is 40-44mm, and in the present embodiment, aperture, all big gun holes is 42mm.
Big gun hole comprises keyhole, via hole and periphery hole.
Keyhole is positioned at tunnel center deviation upper/lower positions, utilizes keyhole can carry out slotting on tunnel tunnel face.Keyhole adopts wedge-shaped arrangement mode, and inclination angle, big gun hole is 65-75 °, is in a row arranged in position, lower middle, tunnel.In the present embodiment, keyhole is the 1st section of big gun hole in Fig. 5, totally three row six, and inclination angle, big gun hole is 70 °, and the number of certain keyhole is not limited thereto, and specifically can determine according to the size of tunnel tunnel face.
Via hole is the 3rd, 5,7 section of big gun hole in Fig. 5, and between keyhole and periphery hole, approaches uniformity is distributed in avalanche region, utilizes via hole to carry out expansion groove.Via hole also sets in a row, and guarantees that trestle column is greater than pitch of holes, is beneficial to rock failure.
Periphery hole is the 13rd section of big gun hole in Fig. 5, arranges along the arrangement of tunnel contour line, to blast outline line.Periphery hole adopts smooth Surface Blasting Technology, but the pitch of holes of the comparable general V level surrounding rock tunnel photoface exploision of pitch of holes increases.
In order to better by the transition of expanding to outline line after groove, big gun hole also comprises inner ring hole, inner ring hole is the 9th section of big gun hole in Fig. 5, and the arcuate shape that multiple inner ring hole is formed is less than the arcuate shape that multiple periphery hole is formed, and the hole parameter of inner ring hole can be identical with periphery hole.
Owing to first excavating topping bar, on topping bar, be also provided with a hole, row base along its base, i.e. the 11st section of big gun hole in Fig. 5.
The big gun hole density be arranged on described carbonaceous schist region 1a is less than the big gun hole density being arranged on described non-carbonaceous schist region 1b, to reduce the explosion dynamics to carbonaceous schist region 1a, thus reduces the disturbance to country rock.Be arranged on carbonaceous schist region 1a identical with the distribution form in the big gun hole on non-carbonaceous schist region 1b, and big gun hole Hole pattern parameters (as trestle column, pitch of holes etc. affect the parameter of big gun hole density) is different, makes the density in big gun hole different.In the present embodiment, array pitch 0.8m, the bottom hole pitch 0.4m of the keyhole on non-carbonaceous schist region 1b, aperture apart from 1.4m, via hole spacing at 1.1-1.2m, trestle column 1-1.1m, periphery hole spacing 0.9m, base pitch of holes 0.6m.At carbonaceous schist region 1a, relatively non-carbonaceous schist region 1b, the trestle column of keyhole increases 20%, and pitch of holes is identical; The Hole pattern parameters in all the other big gun holes increases 50%, and in present embodiment, pitch of holes increases 50% relatively.I.e. via hole pitch of holes 1.8m, trestle column 1.2m, hole, base pitch of holes 1.3m, periphery hole pitch of holes 0.9m.Pitch of holes is herein the pitch of holes between the big gun hole of same row.
S213, explosive and detonating capsule to be encased in described big gun hole.
Same type big gun hole is identical with the explosive payload of carbonaceous schist region 1a at non-carbonaceous schist region 1b.Particularly, keyhole every hole powder charge 0.8kg, via hole every hole powder charge 0.6kg, base Kong Mei hole powder charge 0.6kg, periphery hole every hole powder charge 0.3kg.
Keyhole and via hole all adopt continuous charging structure, and detonating capsule is placed on bottom big gun hole, its sockets for collecting energy points to aperture and carries out indirect initiation, and to reduce the disturbance to country rock, in the present embodiment, detonating capsule selects non-electrical Millisecond Nonel Tube Detonator.Periphery hole adopts the spaced loading structure that is not coupled, be divided into two vertically by emulsion explosive cartridge, and it is put into described periphery hole together with primacord colligation, forming hoop uncouple coefficient is the charge constitution of 2.3-2.7, utilize primacord propagation of explosion, to reduce the disturbance to country rock.In the present embodiment, the diameter of emulsion explosive cartridge is 32mm, utilizes electrical adhesive tape that it is put into periphery hole together with primacord colligation, forms the charge constitution that hoop uncouple coefficient is approximately 2.5.
S214, described detonating capsule to be networked, detonate according to default firing order.In present embodiment, presetting firing order entirety is by the firing order of center to surrounding.
Particularly, in the present embodiment, point 1,3,5,7,9,11,13 section totally 7 sections detonate.Firing order is followed successively by keyhole, via hole, inner ring hole, bottom plate hole, periphery hole, and detonate piecemeal from low section to high section by expanding groove after first slotting, periphery hole finally detonates.
Implement Delay between holes interval to keyhole, via hole and periphery hole to detonate, keyhole adopts 1 section of blasting cap initiation, and via hole postpones keyhole 50 ~ 100ms and detonates, via hole Delay between holes burst time interval 50 ~ 100ms, periphery hole adopts with section blasting cap initiation, primacord ignition charge.
By above-mentioned explosion, the blasting method suitably strengthening Hole pattern parameters is taked to solid rock, without the need to complete throwing out, only need loosening avalanche; To carbonaceous schist, adopt super large spacing Hole pattern parameters, even periphery hole part, also need not encrypt the layout of periphery hole, only need fried loose country rock, be beneficial to next step mechanical execution.
Completed by step S211 to S214 explosion of topping bar, carry out next step construction.
S22, employing machinery excavate topping bar, and it comprises the following steps.
S221, adopt loading machine that quick-fried lower loose rock mass is filled slag to transport.
S222, large area slag body transport after outside hole, adopt excavator to carry out excavation cleaning work to the rock mass on the face come off not yet completely, and repair tunnel contour line as requested, control out break, and process owes to dig part in time.Now, survey crew puts in place in advance, digging part, processing immediately if any owing.
The excavation to topping bar is completed by above step.
In step S3 to excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation, comprise the following steps.
S31, carry out explosion to getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation.Particularly, will get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation and be divided into half right and left to divide, and half right and left be divided and adopts blasting method to carry out explosion successively.After first can carrying out explosion to left-half, explosion is carried out to right half part, after also first can carrying out explosion to right half part, explosion is carried out to left-half.Every part adopts the blasting method same topping bar respectively, is divided into carbonaceous schist region 1a and non-carbonaceous schist region 1b equally, arranges big gun hole, charge detonates.Left-half steel for shot as shown in Figure 6, divides 5 sections and detonates.Right half part steel for shot as shown in Figure 7, also divides 5 sections to detonate.
S32, by mechanical removal slag body, dig out the rock mass that do not come off, and tunnel contour line is repaired, control out break.
In this step, directly utilize excavator that loose rock mass is filled quarrel and transport, dig out the rock mass that do not come off, freeing wheel profile.After survey crew is shown up, use instrument to detect excavation contour line, as deviation is comparatively large, need excavator to repair further, as deviation is less, then enter the construction of next operation.
Carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction provided by the invention, adopt explosion and mechanically combining excavation method, first carry out explosion, without the need to complete throwing out, reduce the disturbance to country rock, recycling plant equipment is removed slag body, is dug out the rock mass that do not come off, and can improve drivage efficiency, simultaneously little to country rock disturbance, reduce rock convergence measure; Improve excavation effect, excavation quality is high.
Above-described embodiment, does not form the restriction to this technical scheme protection domain.The amendment done within any spirit at above-mentioned embodiment and principle, equivalently to replace and improvement etc., within the protection domain that all should be included in this technical scheme.
Claims (8)
1. a carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
According to carbonaceous schist distribution core tunnel cross-section figure on face, face is divided into carbonaceous schist region and non-carbonaceous schist region;
Described face arranges multiple big gun hole and forms hole pattern, wherein, the big gun hole density be arranged on described carbonaceous schist region is less than the big gun hole density being arranged on described non-carbonaceous schist region;
Explosive and detonating capsule are encased in described big gun hole; And,
Described detonating capsule is networked, detonates according to default firing order;
Described big gun hole comprises keyhole, via hole and periphery hole, and described keyhole is positioned at tunnel center deviation upper/lower positions, and described periphery hole is arranged along the arrangement of tunnel contour line, and described via hole is between described keyhole and described periphery hole;
Described keyhole and described via hole all adopt continuous charging structure, and described detonating capsule is arranged on bottom big gun hole, and blast sockets for collecting energy points to aperture and carries out indirect initiation;
Described periphery hole adopts the spaced loading structure that is not coupled, and is divided into two vertically by emulsion explosive cartridge, and it is put into described periphery hole together with primacord colligation, and forming hoop uncouple coefficient is the charge constitution of 2.3-2.7, utilizes described primacord propagation of explosion;
In carbonaceous schist region, relatively non-carbonaceous schist region, the trestle column of keyhole increases 20%, and pitch of holes is identical; The Hole pattern parameters in all the other big gun holes increases 50%;
The aperture, aperture in all big gun holes is identical, is 40-44mm;
The explosive payload in described big gun hole is identical.
2. carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the cyclic advance of explosion is less than or equal to 1.2m.
3. carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, keyhole adopts wedge-shaped arrangement mode, and inclination angle, big gun hole is 65-75 °; Described via hole and described periphery hole are upright opening.
4. carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, array pitch 0.8m, the bottom hole pitch 0.4m of the keyhole on non-carbonaceous schist region, aperture distance 1.4m, via hole spacing is at 1.1-1.2m, trestle column 1-1.1m, periphery hole spacing 0.9m, base pitch of holes 0.6m; On carbonaceous schist region, via hole pitch of holes 1.8m, trestle column 1.2m, hole, base pitch of holes 1.3m, periphery hole pitch of holes 0.9m.
5. carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described detonating capsule is non-electrical Millisecond Nonel Tube Detonator.
6. carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described default firing order is by center to surrounding, and detonate piecemeal from low section to high section by expanding groove after first slotting, periphery hole finally detonates.
7. a carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
The carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method described in any one of claim 1 to 6 is adopted to carry out explosion;
Remove slag body by plant equipment, dig out the rock mass that do not come off, and tunnel contour line is repaired, control out break.
8. carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction according to claim 7, is characterized in that, adopt step method, excavating sequences is followed successively by: excavation of topping bar, excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation; Described excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation controls at 10-15m with the described spacing excavated of topping bar.
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