CN113494872A - Blasting construction method - Google Patents
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- CN113494872A CN113494872A CN202110764646.7A CN202110764646A CN113494872A CN 113494872 A CN113494872 A CN 113494872A CN 202110764646 A CN202110764646 A CN 202110764646A CN 113494872 A CN113494872 A CN 113494872A
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 332
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a blasting construction method, which comprises the steps of detecting rock properties of a blasting position; the safety distance of the blasting position is determined, and a warning area is set according to the safety distance; detecting geological parameters of the blasting position, and calculating the explosive usage amount according to the rock properties and the geological parameters; designing a blasting installation diagram of an excavation surface according to the rock properties and the explosive using amount; arranging explosive holes on the excavation surface according to the blasting installation drawing; filling explosives in the explosive holes according to a blasting installation diagram; connecting the detonating net with the explosives in each explosive hole; detonating; and cleaning the explosion position. According to the technical scheme, firstly, the rock property and the geological parameters of the blasting position are detected, the using amount of the explosive is calculated, corresponding explosive holes are reasonably designed at different positions on the excavation surface, and the explosive with corresponding weight is arranged in the different explosive holes. And the blasting net is connected to ensure that the explosives at all positions explode simultaneously, thereby improving the blasting uniformity and the construction quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of railway tunnel construction, in particular to a blasting construction method.
Background
Blasting construction refers to a construction method for excavating earth and stone and dismantling or destroying foundations, buildings and structures by using explosives. The explosives are various in types, and the explosives commonly used in construction engineering mainly comprise ammonium nitrate explosives, nitroglycerin explosives, black powder and the like. In the construction process of tunnel blasting, no system is used for measuring and calculating the blasting point in the prior art, so that the blasting effect is not ideal, and the construction quality is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a blasting construction method, and aims to solve the technical problem of low construction quality in blasting construction in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a blasting construction method, including:
detecting a rock property at the blasting location;
determining an excavation surface, detecting geological parameters of the blasting position, and calculating the explosive usage amount according to the excavation surface, the rock properties and the geological parameters;
checking the safety distance of the blasting position according to the usage amount of the explosive, and setting a warning area according to the safety distance;
designing a blasting installation diagram according to the excavation surface, the rock property and the explosive usage amount;
arranging explosive holes on the excavation surface according to the blasting installation drawing;
filling explosives in the explosive holes according to the blasting installation diagram;
connecting the detonating net with the explosives in the explosive holes;
detonating;
and cleaning the blasting position.
Optionally, the steps of detecting geodetic parameters of the blasting position, determining an excavation surface, detecting the geodetic parameters of the blasting position, and calculating the explosive usage amount according to the excavation surface, the rock properties, and the geological parameters include:
detecting a safe vibration speed corresponding to the geological particle vibration safety between the blasting position and the edge of the warning area;
obtaining the attenuation coefficient and the attenuation index of the blasting position geology according to the rock property;
and calculating the explosive usage according to the safe vibration speed, the attenuation coefficient, the attenuation index and the safe distance.
Optionally, the excavation surface includes an upper step surface and a lower step surface, the upper step surface is arranged in an arch shape, the lower step surface is arranged in a rectangular shape, and the step of designing the blasting installation diagram according to the excavation surface, the rock property and the explosive usage amount includes:
when the rock property is five-level, determining the upper step surface, and determining a center line, an arch contour line and a bottom contour line of the upper step surface;
arranging a first arched blasting line along the arched contour line;
a second arch-shaped blasting line, a third arch-shaped blasting line and a fourth arch-shaped blasting line are sequentially arranged below the first arch-shaped blasting line at intervals;
two first longitudinal blasting lines are arranged below the fourth arched blasting line, and the two first longitudinal blasting lines are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the center line;
arranging a first transverse blasting line below the first longitudinal blasting line, and extending two ends of the first transverse blasting line to the first longitudinal blasting line to form a second longitudinal blasting line;
and a second transverse blasting line is arranged along the contour line of the bottom edge.
Optionally, after the step of providing the second transverse blasting line along the bottom contour line, the method further includes:
determining the lower step surface;
a third transverse blasting line is arranged along the bottom edge of the lower step surface;
sequentially arranging a fourth transverse blasting line, a fifth transverse blasting line and a sixth transverse blasting line at intervals above the third transverse blasting line;
and third longitudinal blasting lines are arranged on the left side and the right side of the third transverse blasting line.
Optionally, the step of drilling the explosive holes in the excavation face according to the blasting installation diagram comprises:
acquiring the number of the explosive holes corresponding to the first arched blasting line according to the blasting installation diagram;
acquiring depth information of the explosive holes corresponding to the first arched blasting line according to the blasting installation diagram;
and arranging corresponding depth information and a corresponding number of explosive holes in the first arched blasting line according to the depth information, wherein the explosive holes are sequentially arranged at intervals along the end part of the first arched blasting line until the other end of the first arched blasting line.
Optionally, after the step of forming corresponding depth information and a corresponding number of explosive holes in the first arched blasting line according to the depth information, the method further includes:
cleaning the explosive holes;
detecting the depth of the cleaned explosive holes;
and performing drilling repairing on the explosive hole according to the depth detection result of the explosive hole.
Optionally, the step of loading explosives in the explosive holes according to the blast installation diagram comprises:
acquiring weight information of the explosive holes corresponding to the first arched blasting line according to the blasting installation diagram;
and filling explosives corresponding to the weight information into the explosive holes on the first arched blasting line.
Optionally, after the step of filling the explosive hole on the first arched blasting line with the explosive corresponding to the weight information, the method further includes:
detecting length information of the explosive in the explosive hole;
calculating the current weight information of the explosive according to the length information;
and comparing the current weight information with the weight information, and filling explosives into the explosive holes again according to a comparison result.
Optionally, the excavation surface includes an upper step surface and a lower step surface, the upper step surface is arranged in an arch shape, the lower step surface is arranged in a rectangular shape, and the step of designing the blasting installation diagram according to the excavation surface, the rock property and the explosive usage amount includes:
when the rock property is four levels, determining the upper step surface, and determining a center line, an arch contour line and a bottom contour line of the upper step surface;
arranging a first arched blasting line along the arched contour line;
a second arched blasting line is arranged below the first arched blasting line;
arranging six first longitudinal blasting lines at intervals in sequence below the second arched blasting line, and correspondingly arranging the six first longitudinal blasting lines on two sides of the center line;
arranging a first transverse blasting line below the first longitudinal blasting line, and extending two ends of the first transverse blasting line to the first longitudinal blasting line to form a first arc blasting line;
and a second transverse blasting line is arranged along the contour line of the bottom edge.
Optionally, the excavation surface is arranged in an arch shape, and the step of designing a blasting installation diagram according to the excavation surface, the rock properties and the explosive usage amount comprises the following steps:
when the rock property is in a third level, determining a central line, an arch contour line and a bottom contour line of the excavation surface;
arranging a first arched blasting line along the arched contour line;
arranging a second arched blasting line on the first arched blasting line;
sequentially arranging a first transverse blasting line, a second transverse blasting line and a third transverse blasting line at intervals below the second arched blasting line, and extending two ends of the third transverse blasting line downwards to form two first longitudinal blasting lines;
arranging six second longitudinal blasting lines between the two first longitudinal blasting lines at intervals in sequence, and correspondingly arranging the six second longitudinal blasting lines on two sides of the center line;
a fourth transverse blasting line and a fifth transverse blasting line are sequentially arranged below the second longitudinal blasting line at intervals;
and a sixth transverse blasting line is arranged along the contour line of the bottom edge.
According to the technical scheme, firstly, rock properties and geological parameters of a blasting position are detected, the using amount of explosives is calculated, corresponding explosive holes are reasonably designed at different positions on the excavation surface, and explosives with corresponding weights are arranged in the different explosive holes. And the blasting net is connected to ensure that the explosives at all positions explode simultaneously, thereby improving the blasting uniformity and the construction quality.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the blasting construction method according to the embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a second embodiment of the blasting construction method of the present embodiment;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a third embodiment of the blasting construction method according to the present embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a fourth embodiment of the blasting construction method according to the present embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a fifth embodiment of the blasting construction method according to the present embodiment.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention provides a blasting construction method, please refer to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow path postscript of a first embodiment of the blasting construction method of the present invention, the blasting construction method includes:
step S10: detecting a rock property at the blasting location;
step S20: determining an excavation surface, detecting geological parameters of the blasting position, and calculating the explosive usage amount according to the excavation surface, the rock properties and the geological parameters;
step S30: checking the safety distance of the blasting position according to the usage amount of the explosive, and setting a warning area according to the safety distance;
step S40: designing a blasting installation diagram according to the excavation surface, the rock property and the explosive usage amount;
step S50: arranging explosive holes on the excavation surface according to the blasting installation drawing;
step S60: filling explosives in the explosive holes according to the blasting installation diagram;
step S70: connecting the detonating net with the explosives in the explosive holes;
step S80: detonating;
step S90: and cleaning the blasting position.
In this embodiment, first, rock properties of the blasting location are measured, where the rock properties specifically include, but are not limited to, hard rock, medium hard rock, soft rock, and the like, where the hard rock, the medium hard rock, and the soft rock respectively have different attenuation coefficients K and attenuation indexes α, and the following table specifically shows:
table 1: K. the relationship between the value of alpha and the rock property
| Properties of rock | K | |
| Hard rock | ||
| 50～150 | 1.3～1.5 | |
| Medium hard rock | 150～250 | 1.5～1.8 |
| Soft rock | 250～350 | 1.8～2.0 |
Furthermore, the rock properties can be graded according to different attenuation coefficients K and attenuation indexes alpha, which are shown in the following table
Table 2:
| rank of | K | α |
| Five stages | 250 | 1.8 |
| Four stages | 200 | 1.7 |
| Three-stage | 150 | 1.6 |
| Second stage | 100 | 1.5 |
After the rock properties are measured, the area of the excavation surface, namely the range size needing blasting, needs to be determined, and simultaneously, geological parameters of the blasting position, such as the particle vibration safety allowable speed of the blasting position, are measured, so that the explosive usage amount needed by blasting is calculated.
After the usage amount of the explosive is calculated, a safety distance is determined according to the usage amount of the explosive, the blasting position is used as a center, the safety distance is used as a radius, the safety distance is used as the warning area within the length range of the safety distance along the square circle of the blasting position, and corresponding protective measures are carried out in the warning area. It should be noted that when the protection measures are taken after the detonating network is installed, care should be taken not to destroy the detonating network, and after the detonation protection is confirmed to be in place, the operator is evacuated outside the warning area. And arranging safety guard strictly according to the range of the guard area designed by blasting, wherein when in guard, guard personnel clear the field from inside to outside from the blasting position, and all personnel and equipment irrelevant to blasting evacuate to the safety area outside the guard area for guard. And (4) confirming that personnel and equipment are completely evacuated from the dangerous area, and sending a detonation signal only when the personnel and equipment have safe detonation conditions.
After the explosive is installed, a protective bent frame is required to be arranged in the warning area to seal and isolate a construction site so as to prevent falling rocks, objects from going to the upper road and influencing the driving safety of a business line. When the construction site is parallel to or higher than the existing line, the construction site needs to be sealed and isolated from the existing line by adopting bent frames, and the construction site needs to be fully sealed and treated when the construction site is lower than the existing line. The steel pipe frame is adopted to erect the vertical type protection bent frame for protection, and the safety of running vehicles is ensured.
The left side of an inlet of an existing square tuo tunnel is provided with a single vertical bent with a length of 70m and a method for erecting the vertical bent: removing impurities and leveling the ground surface at the position where the bent is erected, and drilling holes according to the distance between vertical rods of the bent in the longitudinal and transverse directions, wherein the hole diameter is 36-42 mm; the protective bent frame adopts a steel pipe framework, the distance between vertical rods of the steel pipe framework is not more than 1.5m, the distance between cross rods is not more than 1.5m, and the erection height is 2.8 m; the vertical rods of the bent frames are anchored into the ground according to the height of a side slope, the slope rate and the rock stratum, the soil texture is not less than 0.5m, the stone texture is not less than 0.2m, and the steel pipe framework foundation is reinforced by concrete or implanted threaded steel bars; the 6# iron wire is vertically bound on the inner side of the steel pipe framework to bind the bamboo bent frame and the transverse steel pipe. The steel pipe diagonal braces are arranged on the framework every 3m, the stay wires are arranged in a staggered mode in an upper row and a lower row, the upper-lower spacing is smaller than 1.5m, the left-right spacing is 2m, and the stay wires are tightened by a tightener. The steel pipe inclined strut is connected with the ground anchor steel pipe (steel bar) to fix the bent frame, and the bent frame is vertically or slightly inclined towards the outer side of the existing line. In the bent area, the underground pipelines are marked by lime scattering lines, and the signboard is hung at the corresponding position to treat the dangerous stones on the blasting site after the blasting is finished
In this embodiment, a reasonable blasting installation diagram is correspondingly manufactured according to the areas of different excavation surfaces, the rock properties and the explosive usage amount, the explosive holes are formed in reasonable positions on the excavation surfaces strictly according to the blasting installation diagram, and explosives with corresponding weights are installed in the explosive holes; and connecting all the explosives in the explosive holes through the detonating network so as to ensure that the explosives can explode simultaneously. The reasonability of blasting is guaranteed, the excavation face formed after blasting accords with the design requirement better, and the construction quality is improved.
According to the technical scheme, firstly, rock properties and geological parameters of a blasting position are detected, the using amount of explosives is calculated, corresponding explosive holes are reasonably designed at different positions on the excavation surface, and explosives with corresponding weights are arranged in the different explosive holes. And the blasting net is connected to ensure that the explosives at all positions explode simultaneously, thereby improving the blasting uniformity and the construction quality.
Further, referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a blasting construction method according to a second embodiment of the present invention, where step S20 specifically includes:
step S21: detecting a safe vibration speed corresponding to the geological particle vibration safety between the blasting position and the edge of the warning area;
step S22: obtaining the attenuation coefficient and the attenuation index of the blasting position geology according to the rock property;
step S23: and calculating the explosive usage according to the safe vibration speed, the attenuation coefficient, the attenuation index and the safe distance.
In this embodiment, first, a safe vibration speed V corresponding to the mass point vibration safety of the geology at the blasting position is detected, and meanwhile, according to the attenuation coefficient K and the attenuation index α corresponding to the rock property at the blasting position and the length of the excavation surface, where the length of the excavation surface is taken as a distance R between a blasting source and a protected object, the explosive usage is calculated by a time-lapse blasting maximum-explosive-amount calculation formula Qmax — R3(V/K)3/α, where V is in cm/s, Qmax is in kg, R is in m, and specifically, the calculation table of the explosive usage is as follows
Table 3:
further, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a third embodiment of the blasting construction method of this embodiment, where the excavation surface includes an upper step surface and a lower step surface, the upper step surface is arranged in an arch shape, the lower step surface is arranged in a rectangular shape, and step S40 specifically includes:
step S41: when the rock property is five-level, determining the upper step surface, and determining a center line, an arch contour line and a bottom contour line of the upper step surface;
step S42: arranging a first arched blasting line along the arched contour line;
step S43: a second arch-shaped blasting line, a third arch-shaped blasting line and a fourth arch-shaped blasting line are sequentially arranged below the first arch-shaped blasting line at intervals;
step S44: two first longitudinal blasting lines are arranged below the fourth arched blasting line, and the two first longitudinal blasting lines are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the center line;
step S45: arranging a first transverse blasting line below the first longitudinal blasting line, and extending two ends of the first transverse blasting line to the first longitudinal blasting line to form a second longitudinal blasting line;
step S46: a second transverse blasting line is arranged along the bottom contour line;
step S47: determining the lower step surface;
step S48: a third transverse blasting line is arranged along the bottom edge of the lower step surface;
step S49: sequentially arranging a fourth transverse blasting line, a fifth transverse blasting line and a sixth transverse blasting line at intervals above the third transverse blasting line;
step S410: and third longitudinal blasting lines are arranged on the left side and the right side of the third transverse blasting line.
The excavation face is arch, go up the step face and be located step face top down, wherein, first arch blasting line is close to the arch profile of excavation face is provided with according to the preface downwards second arch blasting line third arch blasting line fourth arch blasting line, four arch blasting lines all follow the central line symmetry sets up, has the interval between two adjacent arch blasting lines, the interval refer two adjacent arch blasting lines with the distance size between the central line nodical, the interval can set up to about 70 centimetres. The distance between the topmost end of the first longitudinal blasting line and the intersection point of the fourth arch blasting line and the middle line is about 75cm, the two first longitudinal blasting lines are located between the two second longitudinal blasting lines, the distance between the two second longitudinal blasting lines is about 140 cm, and the second transverse blasting lines are arranged close to the straight line of the bottom edge of the excavation face.
The third horizontal blasting line, the fourth horizontal blasting line, the fifth horizontal blasting line and the sixth horizontal blasting line are the sharp setting, the third horizontal blasting line distance between the top of step face down is about 100cm, and the interval between two adjacent horizontal blasting lines is about 90 centimetres on the step face down, two the vertical blasting line of third is certain angle slope setting step face both sides down, and is close to step face edge sets up down.
Specifically, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a fourth embodiment of the blasting construction method of this embodiment, and step S50 specifically includes:
step S51: acquiring the number of the explosive holes corresponding to the first arched blasting line according to the blasting installation diagram;
step S52: acquiring depth information of the explosive holes corresponding to the first arched blasting line according to the blasting installation diagram;
step S53: and arranging corresponding depth information and a corresponding number of explosive holes in the first arched blasting line according to the depth information, wherein the explosive holes are sequentially arranged at intervals along the end part of the first arched blasting line until the other end of the first arched blasting line.
When drilling, constructors need to be familiar with the blasting installation drawing, and when drilling the explosive hole, an accurate external insertion angle needs to be ensured, so that the explosive fixing requirement is met. The explosive takes a detonator as an example, and the step at the junction of two rounds of guns is smaller than 15cm as far as possible. Meanwhile, the error of the explosive hole is not more than 5cm according to the position of the explosive hole and the position of the blast hole of the rock on the tunnel face in the concave-convex degree. When the explosives are loaded, the explosive holes are divided into groups from top to bottom, the operations are sequentially carried out from one end of the digging surface to the other end, and the explosives are loaded one by one to prevent omission. . All the explosive holes are plugged by stemming, and the filling length is not less than 20 cm. The explosive loading is reduced as much as possible, and the unit consumption of the explosive is controlled within a design range according to experience. And placing the detonating body and the explosive near the orifice according to design requirements. The explosive is lightly conveyed to the bottom of the explosive hole, and after the explosive is filled with the initiating explosive, the explosive bag, particularly the initiating explosive, is strictly forbidden to be strongly tamped, so that the early explosion accident is prevented. During charging, the charging is carried out slowly and gradually according to the operation rules, and the inspection is carried out by a specially-assigned person, and meanwhile, the field record is made.
In addition, the present embodiment further includes the following steps:
step S54: cleaning the explosive holes;
step S55: detecting the depth of the cleaned explosive holes;
step S56: and performing drilling repairing on the explosive hole according to the depth detection result of the explosive hole.
Before charging, high-pressure wind is input by a gun hook bent by a steel bar and a high-pressure wind pipe smaller than the diameter of the explosive hole to scrape out and blow the stone chips in the explosive hole completely so as to detect the depth of the explosive hole. And checking the hole position and the depth of the explosive hole, and performing drilling repairing on unqualified explosive holes. Before charging, whether the number of the blast holes, the number of the medicine bags, the time delay segmentation requirements and the like are consistent with the design or not needs to be checked. The length of the charge should be measured after each charge of a certain amount of the charge. When the charging lengths determined by the charging amount are different, the charging should be stopped immediately and measures should be taken for treatment.
Further, referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a fifth embodiment of the blasting construction method of the present embodiment, and step S60 specifically includes:
step S61: acquiring weight information of the explosive holes corresponding to the first arched blasting line according to the blasting installation diagram;
step S62: and filling explosives corresponding to the weight information into the explosive holes on the first arched blasting line.
In the above process, only the first arch-shaped blasting line is filled with the explosive, and it can be understood that other arch-shaped blasting lines, longitudinal blasting lines and transverse blasting lines are filled with the explosive in the same way, and the specific filling parameters are as shown in the following table
Table 4:
the serial numbers 1-7 in the upper step surface respectively represent a bus formed by combining the first longitudinal blasting line, the first transverse blasting line and the second longitudinal blasting line, the fourth arch blasting line, the third arch blasting line, the second arch blasting line, the first arch blasting line and the second transverse blasting line. And the serial numbers 1-5 in the lower step surface respectively represent the sixth transverse blasting line, the fifth transverse blasting line, the fourth transverse blasting line, the third transverse blasting line and the third longitudinal blasting line.
And after the explosive is filled, installing the detonating network, wherein the detonating network is a duplex network to ensure the reliability and the accuracy of detonation. When connecting, attention is paid to: before connection, each blasting line is checked one by one, the quality requirement is met, and the blasting circuit can be connected. The detonating tube can not be knotted and attenuated; the connection times of the detonators in the explosive holes are the same; the detonating detonator is bound at a position which is more than 10cm away from the free end of the detonating tube cluster by using a black adhesive tape. The initiation network connection should be completed after all of the explosive holes are plugged. And the evacuation of irrelevant personnel from the blast area is performed later. After the detonation network is connected, a non-blasting person is prohibited from entering a blasting area, and meanwhile, a blasting technician is required to check the detonation network connection so as to prevent missed connection, wrong connection and the like, and a specially-assigned person is required to warn so as to prevent accidents.
After the detonating network connection finishes, need pack the explosive hole is packed with the clay that the water content is suitable to pack to bamboo or wooden barrel with the tamp, increase blasting effect, avoid dashing the big gun. When in filling, the stone chips with larger grain diameter are strictly forbidden to backfill so as to avoid damaging the leg wire of the detonator. If the blast hole has water, the water is extruded out as much as possible during backfilling, and the compactness of backfilling filling is ensured. When the cable is plugged, the detonating network should be protected, and the length of the plug should meet the design requirement to prevent the wires from being broken and broken. The filling quality must be ensured, the filling length must meet the design requirement, and if the cracks of the rock are denser, the filling length should be increased appropriately.
Further, as another embodiment, in this embodiment, the rock property is given as four grades, the excavation surface includes an upper step surface and a lower step surface, the upper step surface is disposed in an arch shape, the lower step surface is disposed in a rectangular shape, and the step S40 specifically includes:
step S411: when the rock property is four levels, determining the upper step surface, and determining a center line, an arch contour line and a bottom contour line of the upper step surface;
step S412: arranging a first arched blasting line along the arched contour line;
step S413: a second arched blasting line is arranged below the first arched blasting line;
step S414: arranging six first longitudinal blasting lines at intervals in sequence below the second arched blasting line, and correspondingly arranging the six first longitudinal blasting lines on two sides of the center line;
step S415: arranging a first transverse blasting line below the first longitudinal blasting line, and extending two ends of the first transverse blasting line to the first longitudinal blasting line to form a first arc blasting line;
step S416: and a second transverse blasting line is arranged along the contour line of the bottom edge.
It can be understood that the setting mode of the blasting line is the same as that when the rock property is in the fifth grade, and the description is omitted here.
Further, as another embodiment, in this embodiment, the rock property is described as three levels, the excavation surface is arranged in an arch shape, and the step S40 specifically includes:
step S421: when the rock property is in a third level, determining a central line, an arch contour line and a bottom contour line of the excavation surface;
step S422: arranging a first arched blasting line along the arched contour line;
step S423: arranging a second arched blasting line on the first arched blasting line;
step S424: sequentially arranging a first transverse blasting line, a second transverse blasting line and a third transverse blasting line at intervals below the second arched blasting line, and extending two ends of the third transverse blasting line downwards to form two first longitudinal blasting lines;
step S425: arranging six second longitudinal blasting lines between the two first longitudinal blasting lines at intervals in sequence, and correspondingly arranging the six second longitudinal blasting lines on two sides of the center line;
step S426: a fourth transverse blasting line and a fifth transverse blasting line are sequentially arranged below the second longitudinal blasting line at intervals;
step S427: and a sixth transverse blasting line is arranged along the contour line of the bottom edge.
It can be understood that the setting mode of the blasting line is the same as that when the rock property is in the fifth grade, and the description is omitted here.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A blasting construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
detecting a rock property at the blasting location;
determining an excavation surface, detecting geological parameters of the blasting position, and calculating the explosive usage amount according to the excavation surface, the rock properties and the geological parameters;
checking the safety distance of the blasting position according to the usage amount of the explosive, and setting a warning area according to the safety distance;
designing a blasting installation diagram according to the excavation surface, the rock property and the explosive usage amount;
arranging explosive holes on the excavation surface according to the blasting installation drawing;
filling explosives in the explosive holes according to the blasting installation diagram;
connecting the detonating net with the explosives in the explosive holes;
detonating;
and cleaning the blasting position.
2. The blasting construction method according to claim 1, wherein the steps of detecting geodetic parameters of the blasting position, determining an excavation face, detecting the geodetic parameters of the blasting position, and calculating the explosive usage amount according to the excavation face, the rock properties, and the geological parameters comprise:
detecting a safe vibration speed corresponding to the geological particle vibration safety between the blasting position and the edge of the warning area;
obtaining the attenuation coefficient and the attenuation index of the blasting position geology according to the rock property;
and calculating the explosive usage according to the safe vibration speed, the attenuation coefficient, the attenuation index and the safe distance.
3. The blasting construction method according to claim 1, wherein the excavation surface comprises an upper step surface and a lower step surface, the upper step surface is arranged in an arch shape, the lower step surface is arranged in a rectangular shape, and the step of designing the blasting installation drawing according to the excavation surface, the rock property and the explosive usage amount comprises the following steps:
when the rock property is five-level, determining the upper step surface, and determining a center line, an arch contour line and a bottom contour line of the upper step surface;
arranging a first arched blasting line along the arched contour line;
a second arch-shaped blasting line, a third arch-shaped blasting line and a fourth arch-shaped blasting line are sequentially arranged below the first arch-shaped blasting line at intervals;
two first longitudinal blasting lines are arranged below the fourth arched blasting line, and the two first longitudinal blasting lines are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the center line;
arranging a first transverse blasting line below the first longitudinal blasting line, and extending two ends of the first transverse blasting line to the first longitudinal blasting line to form a second longitudinal blasting line;
and a second transverse blasting line is arranged along the contour line of the bottom edge.
4. The blasting construction method according to claim 3, wherein after the step of providing the second transverse blasting line along the bottom contour line, the blasting construction method further comprises:
determining the lower step surface;
a third transverse blasting line is arranged along the bottom edge of the lower step surface;
sequentially arranging a fourth transverse blasting line, a fifth transverse blasting line and a sixth transverse blasting line at intervals above the third transverse blasting line;
and third longitudinal blasting lines are arranged on the left side and the right side of the third transverse blasting line.
5. The blasting construction method according to claim 3, wherein the step of drilling the blast hole in the excavated surface according to the blasting installation drawing comprises:
acquiring the number of the explosive holes corresponding to the first arched blasting line according to the blasting installation diagram;
acquiring depth information of the explosive holes corresponding to the first arched blasting line according to the blasting installation diagram;
and arranging corresponding depth information and a corresponding number of explosive holes in the first arched blasting line according to the depth information, wherein the explosive holes are sequentially arranged at intervals along the end part of the first arched blasting line until the other end of the first arched blasting line.
6. The blast construction method according to claim 5, further comprising, after said step of opening a corresponding depth information and a corresponding number of said explosive holes in said first arch-shaped blast line according to said depth information:
cleaning the explosive holes;
detecting the depth of the cleaned explosive holes;
and performing drilling repairing on the explosive hole according to the depth detection result of the explosive hole.
7. The blast construction method according to claim 3, wherein the step of filling explosives in the explosive holes according to the blast installation drawing comprises:
acquiring weight information of the explosive holes corresponding to the first arched blasting line according to the blasting installation diagram;
and filling explosives corresponding to the weight information into the explosive holes on the first arched blasting line.
8. The blast construction method according to claim 1, further comprising, after the step of filling the explosive hole in the first arch-shaped blast line with the explosive corresponding to the weight information:
detecting length information of the explosive in the explosive hole;
calculating the current weight information of the explosive according to the length information;
and comparing the current weight information with the weight information, and filling explosives into the explosive holes again according to a comparison result.
9. The blasting construction method according to claim 3, wherein the excavation surface comprises an upper step surface and a lower step surface, the upper step surface is arranged in an arch shape, the lower step surface is arranged in a rectangular shape, and the step of designing the blasting installation drawing according to the excavation surface, the rock property and the explosive usage amount comprises the following steps:
when the rock property is four levels, determining the upper step surface, and determining a center line, an arch contour line and a bottom contour line of the upper step surface;
arranging a first arched blasting line along the arched contour line;
a second arched blasting line is arranged below the first arched blasting line;
arranging six first longitudinal blasting lines at intervals in sequence below the second arched blasting line, and correspondingly arranging the six first longitudinal blasting lines on two sides of the center line;
arranging a first transverse blasting line below the first longitudinal blasting line, and extending two ends of the first transverse blasting line to the first longitudinal blasting line to form a first arc blasting line;
and a second transverse blasting line is arranged along the contour line of the bottom edge.
10. The blasting construction method according to claim 3, wherein the excavation face is arranged in an arch shape, and the step of designing the blasting installation drawing according to the excavation face, the rock properties and the explosive usage amount comprises the following steps:
when the rock property is in a third level, determining a central line, an arch contour line and a bottom contour line of the excavation surface;
arranging a first arched blasting line along the arched contour line;
arranging a second arched blasting line on the first arched blasting line;
sequentially arranging a first transverse blasting line, a second transverse blasting line and a third transverse blasting line at intervals below the second arched blasting line, and extending two ends of the third transverse blasting line downwards to form two first longitudinal blasting lines;
arranging six second longitudinal blasting lines between the two first longitudinal blasting lines at intervals in sequence, and correspondingly arranging the six second longitudinal blasting lines on two sides of the center line;
a fourth transverse blasting line and a fifth transverse blasting line are sequentially arranged below the second longitudinal blasting line at intervals;
and a sixth transverse blasting line is arranged along the contour line of the bottom edge.
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