JPH11186111A - Solid active carbon and electric double layer capacitor using it - Google Patents

Solid active carbon and electric double layer capacitor using it

Info

Publication number
JPH11186111A
JPH11186111A JP9349113A JP34911397A JPH11186111A JP H11186111 A JPH11186111 A JP H11186111A JP 9349113 A JP9349113 A JP 9349113A JP 34911397 A JP34911397 A JP 34911397A JP H11186111 A JPH11186111 A JP H11186111A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
activated carbon
capacitance
electric double
double layer
active carbon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP9349113A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Shinya Matsuno
真也 松野
Yuichi Hori
雄一 堀
Naotomo Sotoshiro
直朋 外城
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kyocera Corp
Original Assignee
Kyocera Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kyocera Corp filed Critical Kyocera Corp
Priority to JP9349113A priority Critical patent/JPH11186111A/en
Publication of JPH11186111A publication Critical patent/JPH11186111A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide solid active carbon having good moldability, large mechanical strength, improved durability, and applicability to various uses and to provide a practical electric double layer capacitor using it as a polarizable electrode material wherein the capacity ratio of the electrostatic capacity at low current discharging to the electrostatic capacity at high current discharging is large and the electrostatic capacity thereof is practical at either discharging. SOLUTION: This solid active carbon contains a polarizable electrode material whose subject is carbon consisting of active carbon powder and/or active carbon fiber, etc., and carbon black of 0.5-10 parts weight when the content of above-mentioned material is assumed to be 100 parts weight. Then, when the electrostatic capacity is measured according to constant current discharging process at a high current of 300 mA/cm<2> and at a low current of 30 mA/cm<2> , the capacity ratio of the electrostatic capacity at low current discharging to the electrostatic capacity at high current discharging is not less than 40%.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、電気二重層コンデ
ンサやリチウムイオン電池をはじめとする小型大容量の
コンデンサや、バックアップ電源、車両用電源、補助電
源等の各種電池に用いられる電極材料、あるいはガス吸
着剤や上水用、食品精製用、排水浄化用の濾材等に用い
られる多孔質の活性炭焼結体として一般に広く適用し得
る固形状活性炭及びそれを用いた電気二重層コンデンサ
に関するもので、とりわけ静電容量が大きく、エネルギ
ー密度が大きな電力用蓄電システムを実現可能とする固
形状活性炭及びそれを分極性電極として用いた電気二重
層コンデンサに関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrode material used for various large-capacity capacitors such as electric double-layer capacitors and lithium ion batteries, backup power supplies, vehicle power supplies, auxiliary power supplies, and the like. For solid activated carbon generally applicable as a porous activated carbon sintered body used as a filter medium for gas adsorbent and water supply, for food purification, for filtration of waste water, etc., and an electric double-layer capacitor using the same, In particular, the present invention relates to solid activated carbon capable of realizing a power storage system having a large capacitance and a large energy density, and an electric double layer capacitor using the same as a polarizable electrode.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】近年、活性炭はその特性に着目した各種
応用分野への適用が検討されているが、特に小型大容量
のコンデンサや、各種電池の電極材料用の多孔質炭素材
料として前記活性炭が注目され、種々検討が成されてい
る。
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the application of activated carbon to various application fields focusing on its characteristics has been studied. In particular, the activated carbon has been used as a porous carbon material for small and large-capacity capacitors and electrode materials of various batteries. Attention has been paid to various studies.

【0003】なかでも前記活性炭をはじめとする炭素質
を主体とする分極性電極は、該分極性電極間に電解質を
介在させ、両者の界面で形成される電気二重層を利用し
た、従来のコンデンサに比較して単位体積当たり数千倍
にも及ぶ静電容量を有する電気二重層コンデンサ用とし
て多用されている。
[0003] Above all, a polarizable electrode mainly composed of carbonaceous material such as the activated carbon is a conventional capacitor using an electric double layer formed at the interface between the polarizable electrodes with an electrolyte interposed therebetween. It is widely used for electric double layer capacitors having a capacitance several thousand times per unit volume as compared with.

【0004】かかる電気二重層コンデンサは、コンデン
サと電池の両方の機能を有することから、小型のメモリ
ーバックアップ電源や大容量のモーター等の補助電源に
適用される等、エレクトロニクス分野の発展と共に急速
にその需要が伸びている。
Since such an electric double layer capacitor has both functions of a capacitor and a battery, it is applied to a small memory backup power supply or an auxiliary power supply such as a large capacity motor. Demand is growing.

【0005】当初、前記電極材料としては、一般に広く
適用される多孔質の固形状活性炭が用いられており、そ
のような固形状活性炭としては、例えば、活性炭等の炭
素質と、四フッ化エチレン樹脂又は含フッ素重合体等の
有機樹脂を混練してロール成形法や圧縮成形法等、公知
の成形手段でシート状に成形したもの等が用いられてい
た。
[0005] Initially, porous solid activated carbon which is generally widely used is used as the electrode material. Examples of such solid activated carbon include carbonaceous materials such as activated carbon and ethylene tetrafluoride. A resin or an organic resin such as a fluoropolymer is kneaded and formed into a sheet by a known molding means such as a roll molding method or a compression molding method.

【0006】しかしながら、前述のようなコンデンサや
電池の電極材料としては、とりわけ高い静電容量と低い
内部抵抗という性能を満足し、かつ昨今の電子部品の小
型化の要求を満足するために、所定容量に対する体積の
極小化、及び電解液の含浸性を考慮した多孔体構造で亀
裂や破損等を起こし難い等と共に、一般的な特性として
も更に耐久性と機械的特性に優れたものであること等が
要求されるようになってきた。
[0006] However, as the electrode material of the above-mentioned capacitor or battery, in particular, in order to satisfy the performance of high capacitance and low internal resistance, and to satisfy the recent demands for miniaturization of electronic components, a predetermined material is required. Minimize the volume with respect to the capacity, and have a porous structure that takes into account the impregnating properties of the electrolytic solution, so that cracks and breakage are unlikely to occur. Etc. have been required.

【0007】そこで、前記諸要求を満足するために、活
性炭微粒子、又はカーボン微粒子とカーボン繊維、又は
活性炭粉末とメソフェーズ系カーボン等を混合して加圧
焼結したり、あるいは活性炭粉末と粉末状フェノール樹
脂を有機溶剤に溶解させた混合物を基板上に成膜し、加
熱硬化後、非酸化性雰囲気中で熱処理した後、賦活処理
する等、各種製造方法による固形状活性炭が提案されて
いた。
Therefore, in order to satisfy the above-mentioned requirements, activated carbon fine particles, or a mixture of carbon fine particles and carbon fiber, or activated carbon powder and mesophase-based carbon, are sintered under pressure, or activated carbon powder and powdered phenol are mixed. Solid activated carbon has been proposed by various manufacturing methods, such as forming a film of a mixture of a resin dissolved in an organic solvent on a substrate, heating and curing, heat-treating in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and then activating.

【0008】しかしながら、かかる固形状活性炭は耐久
性や機械的強度を損なわない範囲で比表面積を大きくし
た多孔質の活性炭と前記有機樹脂との混合物から製造さ
れており、該活性炭の充填量は全細孔容積との関係から
一定範囲に制約され、しかも成形性の良好な前記有機樹
脂は、活性炭の微細孔を塞いでしまう可能性が高く、前
記活性炭の充填量とも相まって比表面積が更に減少し、
いずれも前記静電容量に対する体積の極小化という点か
らは満足するものではなかった。
However, such a solid activated carbon is produced from a mixture of a porous activated carbon having a large specific surface area and an organic resin as long as the durability and mechanical strength are not impaired, and the total amount of the activated carbon is not limited. The organic resin, which is restricted to a certain range from the relationship with the pore volume and has good moldability, has a high possibility of closing the fine pores of the activated carbon, and the specific surface area is further reduced in combination with the filling amount of the activated carbon. ,
None of them was satisfactory from the viewpoint of minimizing the volume with respect to the capacitance.

【0009】一方、前記活性炭の微細孔を塞ぐことのな
い高粘度の有機樹脂を用いた場合には、成形性が悪いこ
とから炭化熱処理後の機械的強度も極めて低いという欠
点があった。
On the other hand, when a high-viscosity organic resin that does not block the fine pores of the activated carbon is used, there is a drawback that the mechanical strength after carbonizing heat treatment is extremely low due to poor moldability.

【0010】かかる問題を解消するために、活性炭基材
に炭素化合物から成るアルカン類やアルケン類、アルコ
ール等の有機溶剤を含浸させてから、更に有機樹脂から
成るバインダーを添加混合して活性炭電極を製造する方
法等が提案されている(特開平8−138979号公報
参照)。
In order to solve this problem, an activated carbon substrate is impregnated with an organic solvent such as an alkane, an alkene or an alcohol composed of a carbon compound, and a binder composed of an organic resin is added and mixed to form an activated carbon electrode. A manufacturing method and the like have been proposed (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-13879).

【0011】[0011]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、前記活
性炭電極は、その静電容量を定電流放電法で測定した場
合、活性炭と各種有機樹脂との割合から予測される静電
容量より低かったり、あるいは30mA/cm2 程度の
低電流で放電すると20F/cc程度の静電容量が得ら
れたとしても、逆に300mA/cm2 程度の高電流で
放電した場合には静電容量が5F/cc程度と極めて低
く、高電流放電時の静電容量に対する低電流放電時の静
電容量の容量比が20%程度と低くなるものがあり、例
えば、電気二重層コンデンサの分極性電極用としては適
用できるものの、モーター等の補助電源等、高電流放電
時の静電容量を必要とする用途には適用できず、用途が
限定され多目的の固形状活性炭としては採用できないと
いう課題があった。
However, when the capacitance of the activated carbon electrode is measured by a constant current discharge method, the capacitance is lower than the capacitance predicted from the ratio of activated carbon to various organic resins, or 30 mA / cm 2 approximately when discharged at a low current as an electrostatic capacity of about 20F / cc was obtained, approximately 5F / cc capacitance is when discharged at 300 mA / cm 2 as high current in the opposite In some cases, the capacitance ratio of the capacitance at the time of low current discharge to the capacitance at the time of high current discharge is as low as about 20%. For example, it can be applied to a polarizable electrode of an electric double layer capacitor. However, it cannot be applied to an application requiring an electrostatic capacity at the time of high-current discharge, such as an auxiliary power supply for a motor or the like.

【0012】また、前記活性炭電極の製造方法では、ア
ルカン類やアルケン類等の有機溶剤では可塑化しないた
め、造粒体が硬く取り扱いの容易な成形体が得られず、
その上、所望の形状を自由に得ることができないという
課題もあった。
In the above-mentioned method for producing an activated carbon electrode, an organic solvent such as an alkane or an alkene is not plasticized, so that a granulated body which is hard and easy to handle cannot be obtained.
In addition, there is a problem that a desired shape cannot be obtained freely.

【0013】[0013]

【発明の目的】本発明は、前記課題を解消せんとして成
されたもので、その目的は、高電流放電時の静電容量に
対する低電流放電時の静電容量の容量比が大きく、かつ
低電流放電時も高電流放電時にも実用的な静電容量を有
し、所望の形状を自由に得ることができる良好な成形性
を有し、機械的強度の大きい耐久性に優れた補助電源用
各種電池の電極用をはじめ、各種用途に適用可能な固形
状活性炭と、それを分極性電極として用いた実用的な電
気二重層コンデンサを提供することにある。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a large-capacity ratio of the capacitance at the time of low-current discharge to the capacitance at the time of high-current discharge. Auxiliary power source with practical capacitance at both current discharge and high current discharge, good moldability to freely obtain desired shape, high mechanical strength and excellent durability An object of the present invention is to provide a solid activated carbon applicable to various uses including an electrode for various batteries, and a practical electric double layer capacitor using the same as a polarizable electrode.

【0014】[0014]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者等は前記課題に
対して鋭意研究の結果、耐久性や機械的強度を損なわな
い範囲で比表面積を大きくした多孔質の各種活性炭材料
と炭化性樹脂とカーボンブラックから成る混合物を成形
し、該成形体を非酸化性雰囲気中で炭化一体化して電解
液のイオン径以上の細孔径を有するように細孔分布を制
御して得られた炭素質を主体とする分極性電極材料は、
高電流放電時の静電容量に対する低電流放電時の静電容
量の容量比を大きくすることができ、低電流放電時に
も、高電流放電時にも実用的な静電容量を有すると共
に、成形性は勿論、機械的強度や耐久性に優れた固形状
活性炭が得られることを見いだし、本発明に至った。
Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies on the above problems, and have found that various activated carbon materials and carbonized resins having a large specific surface area without impairing durability and mechanical strength. And carbon black obtained by controlling the pore distribution so as to have a pore diameter equal to or larger than the ionic diameter of the electrolyte by carbonizing and unifying the molded body in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The main polarizable electrode material is
Capacitance ratio of capacitance at low current discharge to capacitance at high current discharge can be increased, and it has practical capacitance at both low current discharge and high current discharge. As a matter of course, they have found that a solid activated carbon excellent in mechanical strength and durability can be obtained, and have reached the present invention.

【0015】即ち、本発明の固形状活性炭は、活性炭粉
末及び/又は活性炭繊維等から成る炭素質を主体とする
分極性電極材料と、それを100重量部とした時、0.
5〜10重量部の割合から成るカーボンブラックを含有
してなるもので、300mA/cm2 の高電流と30m
A/cm2 の低電流の定電流放電法で静電容量を測定し
た場合、前記高電流放電時の静電容量に対する低電流放
電時の静電容量の容量比が40.0%以上であることを
特徴とするものである。
That is, the solid activated carbon of the present invention has a polarizable electrode material mainly composed of carbonaceous material such as activated carbon powder and / or activated carbon fiber and the like.
It contains carbon black in a proportion of 5 to 10 parts by weight and has a high current of 300 mA / cm 2 and a current of 30 m / cm 2.
When the capacitance is measured by the constant current discharge method with a low current of A / cm 2 , the capacitance ratio of the capacitance at the time of low current discharge to the capacitance at the time of high current discharge is 40.0% or more. It is characterized by the following.

【0016】また、前記固形状活性炭を分極性電極とし
た電気二重層コンデンサとして好適なものである。
The present invention is also suitable as an electric double layer capacitor using the solid activated carbon as a polarizable electrode.

【0017】[0017]

【作用】本発明の固形状活性炭は、活性炭粉末及び/又
は活性炭繊維等から成る炭素質を主体とする分極性電極
材料にカーボンブラックを所定量含有していることか
ら、製造工程の炭化熱処理時に収縮率の差によって、得
られた固形状活性炭は微小なクラックを有するものとな
り、そのために該クラックが電気二重層を形成する電解
液中のイオンが吸着することのできる細孔を増加させる
ことになり、最終的に静電容量が向上するようになる。
The solid activated carbon of the present invention contains a predetermined amount of carbon black in a polarizable electrode material mainly composed of carbonaceous material such as activated carbon powder and / or activated carbon fiber. Due to the difference in shrinkage, the obtained solid activated carbon has fine cracks, and the cracks increase pores to which ions in the electrolyte forming the electric double layer can be adsorbed. As a result, the capacitance is finally improved.

【0018】その結果、低電流放電時の静電容量が大き
く、更に高電流放電時と低電流放電時の静電容量の比も
大で、バランスの取れた機械的強度及び耐久性にも優れ
た多目的の固形状活性炭とすることができる。
As a result, the capacitance at the time of low current discharge is large, the ratio of the capacitance at the time of high current discharge to the capacitance at the time of low current discharge is large, and the balanced mechanical strength and durability are excellent. And multipurpose solid activated carbon.

【0019】また、前記固形状活性炭を電気二重層コン
デンサの分極性電極とした場合、実用的な静電容量を有
し、かつ電極の内部電気抵抗が低い、簡単な構造で効率
の良い、耐久性に優れた小型の電気二重層コンデンサが
得られる。
Further, when the solid activated carbon is used as a polarizable electrode of an electric double layer capacitor, it has a practical capacitance, a low internal electric resistance of the electrode, a simple structure, high efficiency and durability. Thus, a small electric double layer capacitor having excellent characteristics can be obtained.

【0020】[0020]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の固形状活性炭及び
それを用いた電気二重層コンデンサについて詳述する。
本発明の固形状活性炭は、活性炭粉末又は活性炭繊維、
あるいは活性炭粉末及び活性炭繊維等から成る炭素質を
主体とする分極性電極材料と、カーボンブラックと、バ
インダーとして添加される公知の炭化性樹脂を熱処理し
た炭化物とから成るものである。
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The solid activated carbon of the present invention and an electric double layer capacitor using the same will be described in detail below.
Solid activated carbon of the present invention, activated carbon powder or activated carbon fiber,
Alternatively, it is composed of a polarizable electrode material mainly composed of carbonaceous material such as activated carbon powder and activated carbon fiber, carbon black, and a carbide obtained by heat-treating a known carbonizable resin added as a binder.

【0021】本発明において、分極性電極材料100重
量部に対するカーボンブラックの含有量が0.5重量部
未満の場合には、電気二重層を形成する電解液中のイオ
ンの電極への吸着性に変化はなく、得られた固形状活性
炭の静電容量の向上に寄与せず、他方、前記カーボンブ
ラックの含有量が10重量部を越えると、得られた固形
状活性炭の強度が極端に低下してしまうことから0.5
〜10重量部に限定される。
In the present invention, when the content of carbon black is less than 0.5 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polarizable electrode material, the adsorption of ions in the electrolyte forming the electric double layer to the electrode is reduced. There is no change and it does not contribute to the improvement of the capacitance of the obtained solid activated carbon. On the other hand, when the content of the carbon black exceeds 10 parts by weight, the strength of the obtained solid activated carbon is extremely reduced. 0.5
It is limited to 10 to 10 parts by weight.

【0022】また、前記カーボンブラックは、ガス状ま
たは液状の炭化水素を不完全燃焼させるか、あるいは1
300℃前後で熱分解することによって得られる結晶化
度が0.4〜3.0程度の炭素で、数十nmから百数十
nm程度の粒子径を有し、それが集合して数千〜数万n
m程度の粒子集合体を形成しているものであり、例えば
アセチレンブラックやケッチェンブラック等が代表例と
して挙げられる。
In addition, the carbon black may incompletely burn gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons, or
A carbon having a crystallinity of about 0.4 to 3.0 obtained by thermal decomposition at about 300 ° C. and a particle size of about several tens to several hundreds of nm. ~ Tens of thousands n
It forms a particle aggregate of about m, and examples thereof include acetylene black and Ketjen black.

【0023】尚、前記結晶化度は、X線回折法において
2d×sinθ=nλで表される式で、dが38nm近
傍の最強ピークの半値幅に対するベースからの該ピーク
の高さとの比から求めた値である。
The degree of crystallinity is expressed by 2d × sin θ = nλ in the X-ray diffraction method, where d is the ratio of the half-width of the strongest peak near 38 nm to the height of the peak from the base. This is the calculated value.

【0024】一方、前記固形状活性炭は、300mA/
cm2 の高電流と30mA/cm2の低電流の定電流放
電法で静電容量を測定した時、前記高電流放電時の静電
容量に対する低電流放電時の静電容量の容量比が40.
0%未満の場合には、用途が限定されてしまうため、多
目的の固形状活性炭として適用できるということからは
40.0%以上であることが必要である。
On the other hand, the solid activated carbon has a capacity of 300 mA /
When the capacitance was measured with a constant current discharge method of high current and 30 mA / cm 2 for low currents cm 2, volume ratio of the capacitance of the low current discharge for capacitance during the high current discharge 40 .
If it is less than 0%, its use is limited, so it must be at least 40.0% in order to be applicable as a multipurpose solid activated carbon.

【0025】また、本発明の固形状活性炭は、その原料
である活性炭粉末や活性炭繊維等として特に限定される
ものではなく、ヤシ殻系や石炭系、木質系等のいずれで
も良いが、コストと吸着能力の点ではヤシ殻系が最も望
ましい。
The solid activated carbon of the present invention is not particularly limited as an activated carbon powder or activated carbon fiber as a raw material thereof, and may be any of coconut shell type, coal type, wood type, etc. Coconut shell is most desirable in terms of adsorption capacity.

【0026】尚、前記原料の活性炭粉末や活性炭繊維等
は、目的とする静電容量によってその比表面積を選択す
れば良く、得られた固形状活性炭を電気二重層コンデン
サに用いる場合には、活性炭粉末では比表面積が150
0〜2500m2 /g程度であるものが好適であり、ま
た活性炭繊維では繊維径が6〜18μmで比表面積が1
000〜2500m2 /g程度であるものが望ましく、
それらは適宜混合して用いることも可能である。
The specific surface area of the raw material such as activated carbon powder and activated carbon fiber may be selected according to the desired capacitance. When the obtained solid activated carbon is used for an electric double layer capacitor, the activated carbon is used. Specific surface area of powder is 150
It is preferably about 0 to 2500 m 2 / g, and activated carbon fiber has a fiber diameter of 6 to 18 μm and a specific surface area of 1 to 2.
It is preferably about 2,000 to 2500 m 2 / g,
They can be used as a mixture as appropriate.

【0027】次に、バインダーとして添加する炭化性樹
脂は、公知の有機性樹脂であればいずれでも適用でき、
特に限定するものではなく、例えば、フェノール又はテ
フロン、コールタール、ポリビニルブチラール(PV
B)、ポリビニルホルマール(PVFM)等のポリビニ
ルアセタール、酢酸ビニル等が挙げられ、とりわけ成形
性あるいは得られる固形状活性炭の強度の点からは、ポ
リビニルブチラール(PVB)が最も望ましい。
The carbonizable resin to be added as a binder can be any known organic resin.
There is no particular limitation, for example, phenol or Teflon, coal tar, polyvinyl butyral (PV
B), polyvinyl acetal such as polyvinyl formal (PVFM), vinyl acetate and the like. Among them, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is most desirable from the viewpoint of moldability or strength of the obtained solid activated carbon.

【0028】更に、得られた固形状活性炭の比表面積
は、原料の活性炭の比表面積によりその上限は規定され
るが、比表面積が500m2 /g未満では電解液と電極
との界面に生じる電気二重層が少なくなるため、30m
A/cm2 の低電流で放電した時の静電容量が20F/
cc未満となって実用的でない。
The upper limit of the specific surface area of the obtained solid activated carbon is determined by the specific surface area of the raw material activated carbon, but if the specific surface area is less than 500 m 2 / g, the electric power generated at the interface between the electrolyte and the electrode is reduced. 30m due to less double layer
The capacitance when discharged at a low current of A / cm 2 is 20 F /
Less than cc, which is not practical.

【0029】尚、前記固形状活性炭の比表面積が200
0m2 /gを越えると強度が低下する傾向があり、特に
700〜1500m2 /g程度であれば静電容量及び強
度という点からはより望ましく、更に、得られた固形状
活性炭は、製造工程中や電気二重層コンデンサの分極性
電極としての組み込み時に欠けや割れ等の破損を生じな
いためにも、少なくとも300g/mm2 以上の強度を
有するものが望ましい。
The specific surface area of the solid activated carbon is 200
If it exceeds 0 m 2 / g, the strength tends to decrease. In particular, if it is about 700 to 1500 m 2 / g, it is more desirable from the viewpoint of capacitance and strength. In order not to cause breakage such as chipping or cracking when incorporated as a polarizable electrode in a medium or electric double layer capacitor, a capacitor having a strength of at least 300 g / mm 2 is desirable.

【0030】従って、前述のような固形状活性炭であれ
ば、充分な静電容量が維持できると共に、機械的強度も
確保でき、特に電気二重層コンデンサの分極性電極とし
て最適なものである。
Therefore, the solid activated carbon as described above can maintain a sufficient capacitance and a sufficient mechanical strength, and is particularly suitable as a polarizable electrode of an electric double layer capacitor.

【0031】次に、本発明の固形状活性炭の製造方法の
一例を述べる。活性炭粉末及び/又は活性炭繊維等の炭
素質原料を主体とする分極性電極材料100重量部に対
して、フェノール又はテフロン、コールタール、ポリビ
ニルブチラール(PVB)等の公知の炭化性樹脂の少な
くとも一種を20〜200重量部、及びカーボンブラッ
クを0.5〜10重量部の割合で混合し、該混合物から
泥漿又は造粒体を調製して成形用材料を調製する。
Next, an example of the method for producing the solid activated carbon of the present invention will be described. For 100 parts by weight of a polarizable electrode material mainly composed of a carbonaceous material such as activated carbon powder and / or activated carbon fiber, at least one known carbonizable resin such as phenol or Teflon, coal tar, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is used. 20 to 200 parts by weight and carbon black are mixed in a ratio of 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, and a slurry or granules are prepared from the mixture to prepare a molding material.

【0032】その後、得られた成形用材料を用いてドク
ターブレード法やテープ成形法、又は加圧成形法やロー
ル成形法、押し出し成形法、あるいはそれらを組み合わ
せた成形法等の公知の成形法で所定形状に成形した成形
体を、炭化熱処理して該成形体中の炭化性樹脂を炭化す
ると共に、前記活性炭粉末及び/又は活性炭繊維等の炭
素質原料を主体とする分極性電極材料とカーボンブラッ
クと炭化性樹脂の炭化物とを焼成一体化して固形状活性
炭を得る。
After that, using the obtained molding material, a known molding method such as a doctor blade method, a tape molding method, a pressure molding method, a roll molding method, an extrusion molding method, or a molding method combining them is used. A carbonized heat treatment is performed on the molded body formed into a predetermined shape to carbonize the carbonizable resin in the molded body, and a polarizable electrode material mainly composed of a carbonaceous material such as the activated carbon powder and / or activated carbon fiber and carbon black And a carbide of a carbonizable resin by firing to obtain a solid activated carbon.

【0033】前記炭化熱処理温度は、炭化性樹脂の炭化
を充分に進行させると共に、活性炭粉末や活性炭繊維の
ネック部の焼結を進行させて充分な強度を保持させるた
めには、非酸化性雰囲気下で600〜1200℃程度の
温度が望ましく、特に700〜900℃の温度が最適で
ある。
The above-mentioned carbonizing heat treatment temperature is preferably set at a non-oxidizing atmosphere in order to sufficiently promote the carbonization of the carbonizable resin and promote the sintering of the neck portion of the activated carbon powder or the activated carbon fiber to maintain sufficient strength. Below, a temperature of about 600 to 1200 ° C. is desirable, and a temperature of 700 to 900 ° C. is particularly optimal.

【0034】従って、前記炭化熱処理温度は、その温度
を高くしたり、炭化時間を長くすれば強度は向上するも
のの、比表面積が減少してしまうため、用途に合わせて
強度と静電容量との兼ね合いから、最適な細孔分布を有
するように炭化熱処理条件を選択することが肝要であ
る。
Therefore, the temperature of the carbonization heat treatment can be increased by increasing the temperature or lengthening the carbonization time, but the specific surface area is reduced, although the strength is improved. From the viewpoint of balance, it is important to select carbonization heat treatment conditions so as to have an optimum pore distribution.

【0035】尚、本発明の固形状活性炭は、ドクターブ
レード法やカレンダーロール法等によりシート状に成形
して活性炭基板としたり、各種プレス成形法でブロック
状に成形したり、あるいは押出成形法により棒状や筒状
としたり、それらを組み合わせたりして様々な形状とす
ることができる。
The solid activated carbon of the present invention is formed into a sheet shape by a doctor blade method, a calender roll method, or the like to form an activated carbon substrate, formed into a block shape by various press molding methods, or extruded. Various shapes can be obtained by forming a rod shape or a cylindrical shape, or by combining them.

【0036】更に、前記シート状成形体を複数枚積層し
た後、非酸化性雰囲気下で熱処理することも可能であ
り、複数のシート状成形体を積層して熱圧着したり、あ
るいは密着液や接着剤等で接合することにより、互いの
反り方向を相殺して熱処理時の反りの発生を低減するこ
とも可能となる。
Further, after laminating a plurality of the sheet-like molded bodies, it is also possible to perform a heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. By bonding with an adhesive or the like, it becomes possible to offset the warping directions of each other and to reduce the occurrence of warpage during heat treatment.

【0037】[0037]

【実施例】本発明の固形状活性炭及びそれを用いた電気
二重層コンデンサを以下のようにして評価した。先ず、
BET値が2000m2 /gのヤシ殻活性炭粉末100
重量部に対して、PVBを90重量部と種類の異なるカ
ーボンブラックを用い表1に示す割合で調合して高速混
合撹拌機にて撹拌混合し、得られた造粒体を40メッシ
ュの篩いで篩別して成形用原料を作製した。
EXAMPLES The solid activated carbon of the present invention and an electric double layer capacitor using the same were evaluated as follows. First,
Palm shell activated carbon powder 100 having a BET value of 2000 m 2 / g
With respect to parts by weight, 90 parts by weight of PVB was mixed with carbon black of a different type at a ratio shown in Table 1 and stirred and mixed by a high-speed mixing stirrer. The mixture was sieved to prepare a raw material for molding.

【0038】次に、得られた成形用原料をプレス成形、
あるいはロール成形して平板状の成形体を得た後、該成
形体を大気中、エージング条件として200℃の温度で
48時間保持する熱処理を行い、次いで真空中、800
℃の温度で10分間保持する処理条件で炭化熱処理を行
い、PVBを炭化させて活性炭とカーボンブラックの複
合体である縦70mm、横50mm、厚さ1mmの評価
用の活性炭基板を作製した。
Next, the obtained molding material is press-molded.
Alternatively, after a roll-formed body is obtained to obtain a plate-shaped body, the body is subjected to a heat treatment for 48 hours at 200 ° C. under aging conditions in the air, and then 800 ° C. in vacuum.
Carbonization heat treatment was performed under a treatment condition of holding at a temperature of 10 ° C. for 10 minutes, and PVB was carbonized to prepare an activated carbon substrate for evaluation having a length of 70 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm, which was a composite of activated carbon and carbon black.

【0039】次に、評価用の活性炭基板を電極とし、電
解液中、それぞれ0.9Vの電圧で30分間充電した
後、30mA/cm2 と300mA/cm2 の定電流放
電法にて電極単位体積当たりの静電容量(F/cc)を
求め、300mA/cm2 の高電流放電時の静電容量に
対する30mA/cm2 の低電流放電時の静電容量の容
量比を算出した。
Next, an electrode of activated carbon substrate for evaluation, the electrolytic solution was charged 30 minutes at a voltage of each of 0.9V, electrode units at 30 mA / cm 2 and 300 mA / cm 2 constant current discharge method obtains electrostatic capacitance per volume (F / cc), were calculated volume ratio of the capacitance at low current discharge of 30 mA / cm 2 for the capacitance at high current discharge of 300 mA / cm 2.

【0040】また、前記活性炭基板の機械的強度の評価
は、厚さ1mm、幅4mm、長さ40mmの試験片を用
いて支点間距離を30mmとし、クロスヘッドスピード
を0.5mm/min.として破断荷重から算出した。
The mechanical strength of the activated carbon substrate was evaluated using a test piece having a thickness of 1 mm, a width of 4 mm, and a length of 40 mm, a distance between fulcrums of 30 mm, and a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm / min. Was calculated from the breaking load.

【0041】次に、成形性の評価としては、前記活性炭
基板を成形した時の造粒体の潰れ状態及び離型性につい
て観察して判定した。
Next, the evaluation of the moldability was made by observing the crushed state and releasability of the granules at the time of molding the activated carbon substrate.

【0042】尚、活性炭基材に炭素化合物から成る有機
溶剤を含浸させ、更にバインダーを添加して作製した活
性炭試料を比較例とした。
An activated carbon sample prepared by impregnating an activated carbon substrate with an organic solvent comprising a carbon compound and further adding a binder was used as a comparative example.

【0043】[0043]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0044】表から明らかなように、比較例の試料番号
13は、静電容量が低電流放電でも21.3F/ccで
あり、高電流放電では4.5F/ccと極めて低くなっ
ており、容量比も21.1%と極めて不十分なものであ
り、本発明の請求範囲外であるカーボンブラックを含有
しないものも同程度の特性を有するものであり、またカ
ーボンブラックの含有量が10重量部を越える試料番号
9では、静電容量や容量比は満足するものの、成形性が
極めて悪く、機械的強度が劣り実用性に欠けるものであ
る。
As is clear from the table, in the sample No. 13 of the comparative example, the capacitance was 21.3 F / cc even at a low current discharge, and was extremely low at 4.5 F / cc at a high current discharge. The capacity ratio is 21.1%, which is extremely insufficient, and those not containing carbon black, which are outside the scope of the present invention, have the same characteristics, and the carbon black content is 10% by weight. Sample No. 9, which exceeds the part, satisfies the capacitance and the capacitance ratio, but has extremely poor moldability, poor mechanical strength, and lacks practicality.

【0045】それらに対して、本発明では、いずれも静
電容量及び容量比を満足すると共に、機械的強度も高
く、成形性も良好なものであることが確認された。
On the other hand, in the present invention, it was confirmed that all of them satisfied the capacitance and the capacitance ratio, had high mechanical strength, and had good moldability.

【0046】尚、本発明は前記実施例に限定されるもの
ではなく、本発明の主旨を満足するものであれば良いこ
とはいうまでもない。
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is needless to say that the present invention may be any as long as it satisfies the gist of the present invention.

【0047】[0047]

【発明の効果】以上詳述したように、本発明の固形状活
性炭及びそれを用いた電気二重層コンデンサによれば、
比表面積が大で静電容量を大きく向上させることができ
ると共に、機械的強度の大きな耐久性に優れた各種用途
に適用可能な多目的の固形状活性炭が得られ、静電容量
に対する体積の小型化が実現できる。
As described above in detail, according to the solid activated carbon of the present invention and the electric double layer capacitor using the same,
The multi-purpose solid activated carbon which has a large specific surface area and can greatly improve the capacitance, and has high mechanical strength and excellent durability can be obtained. Can be realized.

【0048】従って、本発明の固形状活性炭を分極性電
極として使用した場合には、電極として電解液に接する
表面積が増大し、固形状活性炭の細孔に電解液のイオン
が数多く吸着されるため、高電流放電時の静電容量が大
きく、高電流放電時の静電容量に対する低電流放電時の
静電容量の容量比も大きくなり、実用的な静電容量を有
する簡単な構造で効率の良い、優れた小型の電気二重層
コンデンサを得ることができる他、機械的強度にも優れ
た耐久性に富む補助電源用各種電池の電極用等、各種用
途に好適な多目的の固形状活性炭が得られる。
Therefore, when the solid activated carbon of the present invention is used as a polarizable electrode, the surface area of the electrode in contact with the electrolyte increases, and many ions of the electrolyte are adsorbed on the pores of the solid activated carbon. The capacitance at the time of high current discharge is large, and the capacitance ratio of the capacitance at the time of low current discharge to the capacitance at the time of high current discharge is also large. A good, excellent small electric double layer capacitor can be obtained, and a multi-purpose solid activated carbon suitable for various uses such as electrodes for various batteries for auxiliary power supply with excellent mechanical strength and excellent durability can be obtained. Can be

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】炭素質を主体とする分極性電極材料100
重量部に対して0.5〜10重量部のカーボンブラック
を含有して成り、300mA/cm2 の高電流と30m
A/cm2 の低電流の定電流放電法で静電容量を測定し
た時、前記高電流放電時の静電容量に対する低電流放電
時の静電容量の容量比が40.0%以上であることを特
徴とする固形状活性炭。
1. A polarizable electrode material 100 mainly composed of carbonaceous material.
0.5 to 10 parts by weight of carbon black with respect to parts by weight, a high current of 300 mA / cm 2 and a current of 30 m / cm 2.
When the capacitance is measured by the constant current discharge method with a low current of A / cm 2 , the capacitance ratio of the capacitance at the time of low current discharge to the capacitance at the time of high current discharge is 40.0% or more. A solid activated carbon characterized by the following.
【請求項2】請求項1に記載の固形状活性炭を分極性電
極としたことを特徴とする電気二重層コンデンサ。
2. An electric double layer capacitor comprising the solid activated carbon according to claim 1 as a polarizable electrode.
JP9349113A 1997-12-18 1997-12-18 Solid active carbon and electric double layer capacitor using it Pending JPH11186111A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9349113A JPH11186111A (en) 1997-12-18 1997-12-18 Solid active carbon and electric double layer capacitor using it

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9349113A JPH11186111A (en) 1997-12-18 1997-12-18 Solid active carbon and electric double layer capacitor using it

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH11186111A true JPH11186111A (en) 1999-07-09

Family

ID=18401583

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP9349113A Pending JPH11186111A (en) 1997-12-18 1997-12-18 Solid active carbon and electric double layer capacitor using it

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH11186111A (en)

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