JPH01224775A - Production of encapsulated toner - Google Patents
Production of encapsulated tonerInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01224775A JPH01224775A JP63049603A JP4960388A JPH01224775A JP H01224775 A JPH01224775 A JP H01224775A JP 63049603 A JP63049603 A JP 63049603A JP 4960388 A JP4960388 A JP 4960388A JP H01224775 A JPH01224775 A JP H01224775A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- magnetic
- particles
- cationic substance
- core material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Natural products NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 31
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 26
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 18
- -1 hydrocarbon chain compound Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXJGBENTLXFVFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-amino-methylene Chemical group N[CH2] XXJGBENTLXFVFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBECDWUDYQOTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylbut-3-enal Chemical compound CCC(C=C)C=O CBECDWUDYQOTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012695 Interfacial polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012185 ceresin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005354 coacervation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004427 diamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012170 montan wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- YWFWDNVOPHGWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C YWFWDNVOPHGWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTHNLKXLWOXOQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl vinyl ketone Natural products CCCC(=O)C=C JTHNLKXLWOXOQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012176 shellac wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/09392—Preparation thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/083—Magnetic toner particles
- G03G9/0839—Treatment of the magnetic components; Combination of the magnetic components with non-magnetic materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09733—Organic compounds
- G03G9/09741—Organic compounds cationic
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
良亙立１
本発明は、電子写真法、静電印刷法、磁気記録法などに
用いられるトナーの製造方法に関し、特に圧力定着法に
適した磁性マイクロカプセルトナーの製造方法に関する
。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for producing toner used in electrophotography, electrostatic printing, magnetic recording, etc., and in particular to a method for producing magnetic microcapsule toner suitable for pressure fixing. Regarding the method.
ｉｌ亘韮
上記したごとき電子写真法をはじめとする各種の方法で
得られた電気的潜像もしくは磁気的潜像を現像する方法
としては、従来からパウダークラウド法、磁気ブラシ現
像法、ファーブラシ現像法、カスケード現像法等が知ら
れているが、なかでも磁気ブラシ現像法は、一般に広く
用いられている。また、この磁気ブラシ法に用いる現像
剤としては、鉄粉等の磁性体からなるキャリアと、着色
剤を分散させた樹脂微粉末からなるトナーとを混合して
なる二成分系現像剤と、トナー自体にマグネタイト等の
磁性粉を分散含有させた磁性トナーからなる一成分系現
像剤とが知られているが、二成分系現像剤には、連続使
用した際のキャリア汚染、トナー濃度変動に対処しなく
てはならないという難点があるため、現在では、−成分
系現像剤、すなわち磁性トナーが広く実用化されている
。Conventional methods for developing electrical or magnetic latent images obtained by various methods including electrophotography as described above include powder cloud method, magnetic brush development method, and fur brush development method. Among these, the magnetic brush development method is generally widely used. The developer used in this magnetic brush method is a two-component developer made by mixing a carrier made of a magnetic material such as iron powder and a toner made of fine resin powder in which a colorant is dispersed; One-component developers are known, which consist of magnetic toner that contains magnetic powder such as magnetite dispersed therein, but two-component developers have a method to deal with carrier contamination and toner concentration fluctuations during continuous use. Because of this disadvantage, -component developers, ie, magnetic toners, are now widely put into practical use.
このような磁性トナーは、一般に、樹脂、ＥＨ磁性粉末
顔料等の原料混合物を溶融混練し、固化後、ジェットミ
ル等の粉砕装置により粉砕微粒子化した後、必要に応じ
て分級工程を加え適正な粒度分布に調整することにより
得られている。Generally, such magnetic toner is produced by melting and kneading raw material mixtures such as resins and EH magnetic powder pigments, solidifying them, pulverizing them into fine particles using a pulverizing device such as a jet mill, and then adding a classification process as necessary to obtain an appropriate size. It is obtained by adjusting the particle size distribution.
また、このようなトナーにより潜像を現像して形成され
たトナー画像を保持させるためには、いわゆる「定着」
と呼ばれる操作が行われるが、そのような定着の方法と
しては一般には、記録媒体としての紙等に転写させたト
ナー画像を、ヒートチャンバーで加熱溶融させて定着す
る方法や、熱ローラーで溶融付着させる方法等がある。In addition, in order to retain the toner image formed by developing the latent image with such toner, so-called "fixing" is required.
Generally speaking, such fixing methods include fixing the toner image transferred to paper as a recording medium by heating it in a heat chamber, or fixing it by heating it in a heat chamber, or fixing it by heating it with a heat roller. There are ways to do this.
これらの加熱による定着の方法は、大容量の熱源を必要
とし、また十分な定着が得られる温度まで予熱するため
にかなりの時間を必要とする。These heating fixing methods require a large capacity heat source and require a considerable amount of time to preheat to a temperature at which sufficient fixing can be achieved.
このように従来から広く用いられてきた熱定着法に対し
、省エネルギー、待ち時間ゼロという観点から、剛体ロ
ーラーにより加圧のみで定着を行なう、いわゆる圧力定
着法が盛んに開発されているが、それに伴なって圧力定
着性を有するトナーの開発がｍ要なテーマになってきて
いる。In contrast to the heat fixing method that has been widely used in the past, the so-called pressure fixing method, which performs fixing using only pressure using a rigid roller, is being actively developed from the viewpoint of energy saving and zero waiting time. Accordingly, the development of toner having pressure fixing properties has become an important theme.
しかしながら、現状のトナーにおいては加圧ローラー間
に３０ Ｋｇ／ｃｔａ程度の高い圧力を付与しなければ
良好な定着画像が得られず、このような高い圧力を付与
することにより、記録媒体のカール、光沢化、シワなど
のトラブルが生ずること、及び橋械的に強固な定着装置
が必要となるため、その大型化及びコストアップをもた
らす。このような意味からして、可能な限り低い圧力で
定着可能なトナーの開発が望まれている。このような問
題を解決する手段として、軽圧定着用の軟質芯材を硬質
の殻材樹脂で被覆したマイクロカプセル型のトナーが従
来より提案されている。また磁性カプセルトナーを得る
ためには、一般に、芯材中に磁性粉末を含ませる。However, with current toners, a good fixed image cannot be obtained unless a high pressure of about 30 Kg/cta is applied between the pressure rollers. Problems such as gloss and wrinkles occur, and a mechanically strong fixing device is required, resulting in an increase in size and cost. In this sense, it is desired to develop a toner that can be fixed with the lowest possible pressure. As a means to solve such problems, a microcapsule type toner in which a soft core material for light pressure fixing is coated with a hard shell resin has been proposed. Furthermore, in order to obtain a magnetic capsule toner, magnetic powder is generally included in the core material.
このような圧力定着型トナー、特に磁性カプセルトナー
の芯材を、上記したような粉砕法により製造することは
、いくつかの点で不都合がある。Producing the core material of such pressure-fixed toners, particularly magnetic capsule toners, by the above-mentioned pulverization method is disadvantageous in several respects.
例えば、圧力定着トナーにおいては結着用の樹脂として
圧力定着性の良好な樹脂を用いるが、これらの樹脂は、
軟質であるために非常に粉砕されにくく、且つ生産装置
に材料が付着する、いわゆる融着現象を起こして生産が
中断されてしまうという問題を引き起こす、したがって
、これらの軟質材料を微粒子化するためには、原料を冷
やして脆化させ且つ温度雰囲気を低めて行なういわゆる
冷凍粉砕を用いることが必要となり、非常なコスト高に
なってしまう。For example, in pressure fixing toners, resins with good pressure fixing properties are used as binding resins, but these resins
Because they are soft, they are very difficult to crush, and this causes a problem in which the material adheres to production equipment, causing a so-called fusion phenomenon that interrupts production.Therefore, in order to make these soft materials into fine particles, In this case, it is necessary to use so-called frozen grinding in which the raw material is cooled to become brittle and the temperature atmosphere is lowered, resulting in a very high cost.
また−成分系磁性トナーにおいては、トナーキャリアと
なる磁性体がトナー粒子内部に含まれるために、微粒子
化した際の磁性体粒子の各トナー粒子中の含有量や分布
、偏在などがトナー性能に係わフてくる。例えば、各ト
ナー粒子中に含まれる磁性体粒子の含有量がまちまちで
あると、各トナー粒子の現像特性が違ってくるため画像
にカブリなどの現象が生じやすく、連続的に現像あるい
は複写を行なった際の画像濃度変化が大きくなり、画質
的にも劣化が著しくなる。またこれに伴って定着性も一
定でなくなり、また現像用のスリーブローラー上へのト
ナーのコーティングがムラになりやすくなり、更には樹
脂分の多いトナー粒子や少ないトナー粒子があるために
、定着性やオフセット性が悪くなる。また磁性体粒子が
トナー粒子中に均一に分散していないと、トナー粒子の
濃度が低下し、トナーが現像器のスリーブローラーや感
光体またはクリーナーなどへの癒着を生じやすくなり、
またトナーのブロッキング現象が起こりやすくなる。In addition, in -component magnetic toner, since the magnetic material that serves as the toner carrier is contained inside the toner particles, the content, distribution, uneven distribution, etc. of the magnetic material particles in each toner particle when finely divided affect the toner performance. I'm going to get involved. For example, if the content of magnetic particles contained in each toner particle varies, the development characteristics of each toner particle will differ, and phenomena such as fogging will easily occur in the image, making it difficult to perform continuous development or copying. The change in image density becomes large and the image quality deteriorates significantly. Additionally, as a result, the fixing performance becomes inconsistent, and the toner coating on the sleeve roller for development tends to become uneven.Furthermore, because some toner particles have a high resin content and some toner particles have a low resin content, the fixing performance becomes inconsistent. or the offset property becomes worse. Furthermore, if the magnetic particles are not uniformly dispersed in the toner particles, the concentration of the toner particles will decrease, and the toner will tend to adhere to the sleeve roller of the developer, the photoreceptor, the cleaner, etc.
In addition, toner blocking phenomenon tends to occur.
更に、上記のような方法により得られた磁性トナーを芯
材粒子として、硬質の樹脂によりカプセル化するに際し
ては、磁性体粒子が数多く芯材粒子表面に存在すると、
芯材粒子表面の平滑性がそこなわれたり、場合によって
は磁性体と殻材との相溶性の低下等の理由でカプセル化
が難しくなりやすい、また硬い殻材をつけても凹凸があ
って殻がけずれやすかったり、また芯材の強度が低いた
め、耐癒着性を高めるためには通常以上の殻材膜厚が要
求されることとなる。Furthermore, when the magnetic toner obtained by the above method is encapsulated with a hard resin as core particles, if a large number of magnetic particles are present on the surface of the core particles,
Encapsulation tends to be difficult because the smoothness of the core particle surface is impaired, or in some cases, the compatibility between the magnetic material and the shell material decreases, and even if a hard shell material is attached, there may be unevenness. Since the shell easily peels off and the strength of the core material is low, a thickness of the shell material greater than normal is required in order to improve adhesion resistance.
この様な磁性体微粉末の含有量や分布の不均一性、偏在
等を改善する方法としては、特開昭６１−８３５４９号
公報、同６１−８３５５０号公報等に記載されている様
なトナー製造方法も提案されている。この製造方法は、
カプセルトナーの芯材料の製造に用いるには確かに優れ
た方法ではあるが、予め疎水化処理した磁性微粉末を用
いる必要があるため、製造工程の簡略化の点からは改良
が求められている。As a method for improving the non-uniformity and uneven distribution of the content and distribution of magnetic fine powder, toners such as those described in JP-A-61-83549 and JP-A-61-83550, etc. A manufacturing method has also been proposed. This manufacturing method is
Although it is certainly an excellent method for manufacturing the core material of capsule toners, it requires the use of magnetic fine powder that has been hydrophobically treated in advance, so improvements are needed in terms of simplifying the manufacturing process. .
及ａＢ ａと胆飾
本発明の目的は、上述の問題点を解決した磁性マイクロ
カプセルトナーの製造方法を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a magnetic microcapsule toner that solves the above-mentioned problems.
本発明の他の目的は、予め疎水化処理をした磁性体微粉
末を用いなくとも、各トナー粒子内における含有量や分
布の変動が少ないカプセルトナーの製造方法を提供する
ことにある。Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a capsule toner in which the content and distribution within each toner particle are less likely to fluctuate without using magnetic fine powder that has been previously subjected to hydrophobization treatment.
本発明の他の目的は、良好な定着性を有し、圧力に対す
る定着性の変化の少ない磁性マイクロカプセルトナーの
製造方法を提供することにある。Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a magnetic microcapsule toner that has good fixing properties and exhibits little change in fixing properties with respect to pressure.
本発明の他の目的はくり返し使用に際し、定着性の変化
の少ない磁性マイクロカプセルトナーの製造方法を提供
することである。Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a magnetic microcapsule toner that exhibits little change in fixability upon repeated use.
本発明の他の目的は、加圧ローラーへのオフセット現象
がなく、現像器の金属スリーブや感光体表面等への癒着
を生じない磁性マイクロカプセルトナーの製造方法を提
供することである。Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a magnetic microcapsule toner that does not cause an offset phenomenon to a pressure roller and does not cause adhesion to a metal sleeve of a developing device, the surface of a photoreceptor, or the like.
本発明の他の目的は、くり返し使用に際して現像性能が
安定し、濃度低下や画質低下の起こらない磁性マイクロ
カプセルトナーの製造方法を提供することである。Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a magnetic microcapsule toner that has stable developing performance and does not cause a decrease in density or image quality when used repeatedly.
本発明の他の目的は保存中あるいは現像器中において凝
集やケーキングを起こさない磁性マイクロカプセルトナ
ーの製造方法を提供することである。Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing magnetic microcapsule toner that does not cause aggregation or caking during storage or in a developing device.
本発明の更に他の目的は、上述したような特性を有する
磁性マイクロカプセルトナーを無理なく製造し得る方法
を提供することにある。Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method that can easily produce a magnetic microcapsule toner having the above-mentioned characteristics.
１亙旦且１
本発明者らは鋭意研究の結果、特定の脂肪酸組成物から
誘導されたＮ−アルキルトリメチレンジアミン組成物が
、特定の芯材材料中における磁性体微粉末との相互作用
に基づき該微粉末の分散性を著しく向上させ、しかもカ
プセルトナーとしての圧力定着性を著しく高めることを
見出した。1. As a result of intensive research, the present inventors found that an N-alkyltrimethylenediamine composition derived from a specific fatty acid composition interacts with magnetic fine powder in a specific core material. Based on this, it has been found that the dispersibility of the fine powder is significantly improved, and the pressure fixability as a capsule toner is also significantly improved.
本発明のカプセルトナー製造方法は上記知見に基づくも
のであり、より詳しくは、炭化水素鎖を有する化合物と
、カチオン性物質と、磁性体微粉末とを溶融混合する工
程と、上記工程で得られた溶融混合物を、前記カチオン
性物質と反対荷電性の分散剤の存在下に、水性媒体中に
懸濁、造粒して芯材粒子を形成する工程と、上記芯材粒
子を殻材で被覆する工程とを包含し：且っ、前記カチオ
ン性物質として、ヤシ油、オレイル油、大豆油または牛
脂に含有される脂肪酸組成物から誘導された一級アミン
組、成物とアクリロニトリルとを反応゛１゜
させ、次いで水素で還元して得られた一ＮＣＨ２ＣＨ２
ＣＨ２ＮＨ２構造を有するＮ−アルキル・トリメチレン
・ジアミン組成物を用いることを特徴とするものである
。The capsule toner manufacturing method of the present invention is based on the above knowledge, and more specifically, it includes a step of melt-mixing a compound having a hydrocarbon chain, a cationic substance, and a magnetic fine powder, and a step of melt-mixing a compound having a hydrocarbon chain, a cationic substance, and a fine magnetic powder, and a step of suspending and granulating the molten mixture in an aqueous medium in the presence of a dispersant having an opposite charge to the cationic substance to form core particles; and covering the core particles with a shell material. and reacting a primary amine composition derived from a fatty acid composition contained in coconut oil, oleyl oil, soybean oil or beef tallow with acrylonitrile as the cationic substance. -NCH2CH2 obtained by heating to
It is characterized by using an N-alkyl trimethylene diamine composition having a CH2NH2 structure.
上記構成を有する本発明のカプセルトナー製造方法によ
れば、予め疎水化処理さ□れていない磁性体微粉末を用
いた場合にも、該磁性体微粉末の芯材粒子の表面近傍へ
の偏在、あるいは該表面への突出は全く見られない。According to the capsule toner manufacturing method of the present invention having the above configuration, even when using magnetic fine powder that has not been hydrophobized in advance, the magnetic fine powder is unevenly distributed near the surface of the core particle. , or no protrusions on the surface are seen at all.
本発明においてこのような効果が達成される理由は必ず
しも明確ではないが、本発明者らの知見によれば、炭化
水素鎖を有する上記Ｎ−アルキルトリメチレンジアミン
の組成物が、芯材材料の溶融混合時に、その組成物とし
ての低温且つ比較的ブロードな融解特性、およびバイン
ダーたる炭化水素鎖化合物との親和性ないし相溶性に基
づき、該バインダー中に速やかに拡散するのみならず、
更にはそのジアミン官能基と磁性体粒子表面の官能基と
の親和性に基づき、磁性体粒子表面に選択的且つ均一に
作用するため、該磁性体粒子の上記バインダーに対する
分散性が著しく向上し、しかもこのような芯材粒子中の
分散状態の改善により、カプセルトナーとしての他の特
性を害することなく、圧力定着性が高められるものと推
定される。The reason why such an effect is achieved in the present invention is not necessarily clear, but according to the findings of the present inventors, the composition of the above N-alkyl trimethylene diamine having a hydrocarbon chain During melt mixing, it not only quickly diffuses into the binder due to its low temperature and relatively broad melting properties as a composition and its affinity or compatibility with the hydrocarbon chain compound that is the binder, but also
Furthermore, based on the affinity between the diamine functional group and the functional group on the surface of the magnetic particle, it acts selectively and uniformly on the surface of the magnetic particle, so the dispersibility of the magnetic particle in the binder is significantly improved. Furthermore, it is presumed that by improving the dispersion state in the core material particles, the pressure fixability can be improved without impairing other properties as a capsule toner.
更には、本発明においては上記したような天然物から誘
導された上記ジアミン組成物を用いているため、製造コ
ストの面で有利である。Furthermore, since the present invention uses the above-mentioned diamine composition derived from the above-mentioned natural products, it is advantageous in terms of production cost.
以下、本発明を更に詳細に説明する。以下の記載におい
て、量比を表わす「％」及び「部」は特に断わらない限
り重量基準とする。The present invention will be explained in more detail below. In the following description, "%" and "part" expressing quantitative ratios are based on weight unless otherwise specified.
の具体約言
本発明に用いられるカチオン性物質たるＮ−アルキルト
リメチレンジアミン組成物は、下記−服代（Ｉ）で示さ
れるジアミン化合物からなる。Specific Remarks The N-alkyltrimethylene diamine composition, which is a cationic substance used in the present invention, is composed of a diamine compound represented by (I) below.
Ｒ−ＮＨ（Ｃ）１２ ） ｓ ＮＨ２・・・ ＣＩ）上
記式中、Ｒは炭素数が好ましくは４〜３ｏのアルキル基
を示し、該アルキル基Ｒは直鎮であっても分岐していて
もよい、また、このアルキル基Ｒは飽和であっても不飽
和でありてもよい。R-NH(C)12)sNH2...CI) In the above formula, R represents an alkyl group preferably having 4 to 3 carbon atoms, and the alkyl group R may be straight or branched. Also, this alkyl group R may be saturated or unsaturated.
本発明においては、２ｆ！以上のジアミン化合物（１）
からなる組成物が用いられる。この組成物においては、
最大構成成分たる１種のジアミン化合物（１）の含有量
が９０％以下、更には７０％以下であることが好ましい
。この組成物は、炭素数の異なる２種以上のジアミン化
合物（１）の混合物であってもよい。In the present invention, 2f! The above diamine compound (1)
A composition consisting of the following is used. In this composition,
It is preferable that the content of one type of diamine compound (1), which is the largest constituent component, is 90% or less, more preferably 70% or less. This composition may be a mixture of two or more types of diamine compounds (1) having different carbon numbers.
本発明に用いる上記ジアミン組成物には、その製造上の
制約から種々の副生成物が混入する可能性もあるが、上
記した（１）式で表わされる化合物が該ジアミン組成物
中に主成分として含まれていれば充分に効果を示すもの
である。ここで、ｒ主成分として含まれる」とは、本発
明に用いる上記ジアミン組成物１０′０部中に、式（Ｉ
）で表わされる２種以上のジアミン化合物が、その合計
量で７０部以上（好ましくは８０部以上）含まれている
ことをいう。Although there is a possibility that various by-products may be mixed into the diamine composition used in the present invention due to manufacturing constraints, the compound represented by the above formula (1) is the main component in the diamine composition. If it is included, it will be sufficiently effective. Here, "contained as a main component" means that the formula (I
) The total amount of two or more diamine compounds represented by 70 parts or more (preferably 80 parts or more) is contained.
本発明に用いられるＮ−アルキルトリメチレンジアミン
組成物は、ヤシ油、オレイル油、大豆油または牛脂に含
有される脂肪酸組成物から誘導された一級アミン（ＲＮ
Ｈ２）組成物と、アクリロニトリルとを反応させ、更に
水素を添加して得られる。The N-alkyltrimethylenediamine composition used in the present invention is a primary amine (RN
H2) It is obtained by reacting the composition with acrylonitrile and further adding hydrogen.
ＲＮＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＮＨ２
本発明においては、上記ジアミン組成物として、市販の
ものをそのまま利用することも可能であり、具体的には
例えばデュオミンＣＣ融解温度１８〜２６℃）、デュオ
ミンＯ（融解温度２０〜２６℃）、デュオミンＳ（融解
温度３２〜４０℃）、デュオミンＴ（融解温度３５〜４
２℃）（以上ライオン・アクゾ社製）が、必要に応じて
２種以上組合せて、好ましく用いられる。RNCH2CH2CH2NH2 In the present invention, it is also possible to use commercially available diamine compositions as they are, and specifically, for example, Duomin CC melting temperature 18-26°C), Duomin O (melting temperature 20-26°C) , Duomin S (melting temperature 32-40℃), Duomin T (melting temperature 35-40℃)
2°C) (manufactured by Lion Akzo) are preferably used in combination of two or more types as required.
上述したカチオン性物質たるＮ−アルキルトリメチレン
ジアミン組成物は、バインダーたる炭化水素鎖を有する
化合物ｉｏｏｇ量部に対して、０．１〜１０ｉｉ量部混
合することが好ましく、１〜５重量部混合することがよ
り好ましい。The above-mentioned N-alkyltrimethylene diamine composition as a cationic substance is preferably mixed in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, and preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight, based on ioog parts of a compound having a hydrocarbon chain as a binder. It is more preferable to do so.
更には、上記カチオン性物質は、２ｆ！以上を混合して
用いることもできる。Furthermore, the above cationic substance is 2f! A mixture of the above can also be used.
本発明で用いられる芯材樹脂（バインダー）たる炭化水
素鎖を有する化合物としては、例えば、特開昭６１−６
５２５９号公報、同６１−６５２６０号公報、又は特公
昭５４−８１０４号公報等に記載されているような化合
物を用いることができる。Compounds having a hydrocarbon chain as the core resin (binder) used in the present invention include, for example, JP-A No. 61-6
Compounds such as those described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 5259, Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-65260, Japanese Patent Publication No. 8104-1983, etc. can be used.
具体的には、例えば、ポリエチレンワックス、酸化ポリ
エチレン、パラフィン、脂肪酸、脂肪酸エステル、脂肪
酸アミド、脂肪酸金属塩、高級アルコールなどのワック
ス類、エチレン−酢酸ビニル樹脂、環化ゴムなどが好適
に使用できるほか、例えばポリエチレン、ポリプロピレ
ンのごとく炭化水素連鎖を構造中に含む重合体、共重合
体も好ましく用いられる。その他、炭化水素鎖を有する
化合物としては、一般にパラフィンワックス、ミクロリ
スタリンワックス、モンタンワックス、セレシンワック
ス、オシケライト、カルナバヮックス、ライスワックス
、シェラツクワックス、サゾールワックス、金属石鹸、
アミドワックス、滑剤等として市販されている単独ある
いは混合状態の化合物も用いられる。Specifically, waxes such as polyethylene wax, polyethylene oxide, paraffin, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, fatty acid metal salts, and higher alcohols, ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, cyclized rubber, etc. can be suitably used. Also preferably used are polymers and copolymers containing hydrocarbon chains in their structures, such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Other compounds with hydrocarbon chains generally include paraffin wax, microlistalin wax, montan wax, ceresin wax, osikelite, carnabax, rice wax, shellac wax, sasol wax, metal soap,
Commercially available compounds such as amide waxes and lubricants may also be used alone or in a mixed state.
上記芯材樹脂とともに用いられる磁性粉末としては、各
種フェライト、ヘマタイト、マグネタイト等の微粉末が
用いられる。特にｏ、ｏｉ〜２μｍの範囲の粒径を有す
るものが好ましい。これらの磁性体微粉末は、上述した
芯材樹脂１００部に対して、２０〜１４０部、更には５
０〜１２０部用いることが好ましいが、チタンカップリ
ング剤、シランカップリング剤、脂肪酸等でその表面を
疎水化処理されている必要はない。As the magnetic powder used together with the core material resin, fine powders of various types of ferrite, hematite, magnetite, etc. are used. Particularly preferred are those having a particle size in the range of o, oi to 2 μm. These magnetic fine powders are added in an amount of 20 to 140 parts, and even 5 parts, to 100 parts of the above-mentioned core resin.
It is preferable to use 0 to 120 parts, but the surface does not need to be hydrophobized with a titanium coupling agent, a silane coupling agent, a fatty acid, or the like.
本発明によるカプセルトナーには、芯材もしくは後述す
る殻材に含める形態で、あるいは最終的にカプセルトナ
ーと混合する形態で、上記した磁性粉末以外にも、荷電
制御、流動性付与、着色等の目的で、カーボンブラック
、各種染顔料、疎水性コロイド状シリカ等を添加または
混合することができる。In addition to the above-mentioned magnetic powder, the capsule toner according to the present invention includes powders such as charge control, fluidity imparting, coloring, etc., in the form of being included in the core material or the shell material described below, or in the form of being mixed with the capsule toner in the end. For this purpose, carbon black, various dyes and pigments, hydrophobic colloidal silica, etc. can be added or mixed.
本発明において、上述した炭化水素鎖化合物と、カチオ
ン性物質と、磁性体微粉末とからなる溶融混合物を水性
媒体中に懸濁造粒する際には、特開昭５８−３０３１号
等に記載された方法に従って、上記溶融混合物を前記カ
チオン性化合物と反対荷電性の分散剤の存在下に分散さ
せればよい、この場合には、水性媒体を８５〜９９℃に
加温することが好ましい。In the present invention, when suspending and granulating the molten mixture consisting of the above-mentioned hydrocarbon chain compound, cationic substance, and magnetic fine powder in an aqueous medium, the method described in JP-A-58-3031 etc. According to the method described above, the molten mixture may be dispersed in the presence of a dispersant having an opposite charge to the cationic compound. In this case, it is preferable to heat the aqueous medium to 85 to 99°C.
懸濁造粒の際に用いる分散剤としては、コロイダルシリ
カ、ベントナイト等のアニオン性分散剤が好ましく用い
られ、その市販品の例としては、日本エアロシール社製
エアロシール＃２００．＃３００．３８０．ＨＤＫ
Ｖ１５、ＨＤＫ、Ｎ２０等がある。As the dispersant used during suspension granulation, anionic dispersants such as colloidal silica and bentonite are preferably used, and an example of a commercially available product thereof is Aeroseal #200 manufactured by Nippon Aeroseal Co., Ltd. #300.380. HDK
There are V15, HDK, N20, etc.
上記分散剤は、水性媒体１００部に対して０゜０１〜１
０部、更には０．１〜５部用いることが好ましい。The above-mentioned dispersant is 0°01 to 1% per 100 parts of the aqueous medium.
It is preferable to use 0 parts, more preferably 0.1 to 5 parts.
これら水性媒体中での芯材の分散を促進するために、Ｔ
Ｋホモミキサー、ＴＫバイブラインポモミキサー（特殊
機化工業製）、ミクロアジター（島崎製作所製）等の高
剪断力攪拌装置を使用して攪拌を行なうことが好ましい
。In order to promote the dispersion of the core material in these aqueous media, T
Stirring is preferably carried out using a high shear force stirring device such as a K homo mixer, a TK vibrine pomo mixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo), or a microagitor (manufactured by Shimazaki Seisakusho).
このようにして、体積平均粒径がｔ〜３０μＩ程度の芯
材粒子を分散した分散液が得られる。この分散液中の芯
材粒子は、必要に応じて冷却した後、水洗、固液分離等
により回収した後、あるいは該分散液中において引続き
殻材樹脂により被覆することによりカプセルトナーが得
られる。In this way, a dispersion liquid in which core material particles having a volume average particle size of about t to 30 μI are dispersed is obtained. A capsule toner can be obtained by cooling the core particles in this dispersion as necessary, collecting them by washing with water, solid-liquid separation, etc., or by subsequently covering them with a shell resin in the dispersion.
このカプセル化のためには、種々の公知のカプセル化技
術を利用することができる。例えば、スプレードライ法
、界面重合法、コアセルベーション法、相分離法、１ｎ
−ｓｉｔｕ重合法、米国特許第３．３３８．９９１号明
細書、同第３，３２６゜８４８号明細書、同第３，５０
２．！５８２号明細書などに記載されている方法などが
使用できる。Various known encapsulation techniques can be used for this encapsulation. For example, spray drying method, interfacial polymerization method, coacervation method, phase separation method, 1n
-Situ polymerization method, US Pat. No. 3,338,991, US Pat. No. 3,326°848, US Pat. No. 3,50
2. ! The method described in the specification of No. 582, etc. can be used.
殻材樹脂としては、公知の樹脂が使用可能であり、例え
ば、次の様なモノマー類から成る樹脂がある。すなわち
、例えば、スチレン、Ｐ−クロルスチレン、Ｐ−ジメチ
ルアミノ−スチレンなどのスチレン及びその置換体；ア
クリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸ブチル
、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリ
ル酸ブチル、メタクリル酸Ｎ、Ｎ−ジメチルアミノエチ
ルエステルなどのアクリル酸あるいはメタクリル酸のエ
ステル；無水マレイン酸あるいは無水マレイン酸のハー
フエステル、ハーフアミドあるいはジエステルイミド、
ビニルピリジン、Ｎ−ビニルイミダゾールなどの含窒素
ビニルモノマー；ビニルホルマール、ビニルブチラール
などのビニルアセタール；塩化ビニル、アクリロニトリ
ル、酢酸ビニルなどのビニルモノマー；塩化ビニリデン
、フッ化ビニリデンなどのビニリデンモノマー；エチレ
ン、プロピレンなとのオレフィンモノマーである。また
、ポリエステル、ポリカーボネート、ポリスルホネート
、ポリアミド、ポリウレタン、ポリウレア、エポキシ樹
脂、ロジン、変成ロジン、テルペン樹脂、フェノール樹
脂、脂肪族又は脂環族炭化水素樹脂、芳香族系石油樹脂
、メラミン樹脂、ポリフェニレンオキサイドのようなボ
リエーテル樹脂あるいはチオエーテル樹脂などの樹脂を
殻材樹脂として用いてもよい。As the shell material resin, known resins can be used, such as resins made of the following monomers. That is, for example, styrene and substituted products thereof such as styrene, P-chlorostyrene, and P-dimethylamino-styrene; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, and methacrylate. Esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, such as acid N,N-dimethylaminoethyl ester; maleic anhydride or half esters, half amides or diesterimides of maleic anhydride;
Nitrogen-containing vinyl monomers such as vinyl pyridine and N-vinylimidazole; vinyl acetals such as vinyl formal and vinyl butyral; vinyl monomers such as vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, and vinyl acetate; vinylidene monomers such as vinylidene chloride and vinylidene fluoride; ethylene, propylene It is an olefin monomer. Also, polyester, polycarbonate, polysulfonate, polyamide, polyurethane, polyurea, epoxy resin, rosin, modified rosin, terpene resin, phenol resin, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resin, aromatic petroleum resin, melamine resin, polyphenylene oxide. Resins such as polyether resins or thioether resins may be used as the shell material resin.
上記した単独重合体、あるいは共重合体等からなる樹脂
は、必要に応じて２種以上混合して使用できる。The resins made of the above-mentioned homopolymers, copolymers, etc. can be used as a mixture of two or more types, if necessary.
このようにして、殻材厚さが０．０１〜３０μ１１好ま
しくは０，１〜０．５μｍであり、重量平均粒径が１〜
３０μｍ１好ましくは１０〜２０μｍであるマイクロカ
プセルトナーが得られる。In this way, the shell material thickness is 0.01-30 μm, preferably 0.1-0.5 μm, and the weight average particle size is 1-30 μm.
A microcapsule toner having a size of 30 μm, preferably 10 to 20 μm is obtained.
得られたカプセルトナーは、磁気ブラシ法をはじめとし
て、磁性現像剤を使用する公知の現像方法に特に制限な
く通用できる。The obtained capsule toner can be applied to any known development method using a magnetic developer, including the magnetic brush method, without particular limitations.
ｌ豆二皇遇
上述した様に本発明のカプセルトナー製造方法によれば
、特定の芯材樹脂中で、特定の脂肪酸組成物から誘導さ
れたＮ−アルキルトリメチレンジアミン組成物と磁性体
粒子とを溶融混合することにより、従来から知られてい
るチタンカップリング剤、シランカップリング剤等を用
いて予め磁性体粒子の疎水化処理を行うことなく、磁性
体粒子の芯材内部における分散状態を制御して、優れた
特性を有するカプセルトナーを得ることができる。As mentioned above, according to the capsule toner manufacturing method of the present invention, an N-alkyl trimethylene diamine composition derived from a specific fatty acid composition and magnetic particles are combined in a specific core resin. By melt-mixing, it is possible to control the dispersion state of magnetic particles inside the core material without having to previously hydrophobize the magnetic particles using conventionally known titanium coupling agents, silane coupling agents, etc. It is possible to obtain a capsule toner with excellent properties through control.
以下、実施例により本発明を更に具体的に説明する。Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.
製）により混合溶融した後に、１００℃に加熱したアト
ライター（三井三池製作所製）に没入し、２００ ｒｐ
ｍで、１時間分散を行なって溶融混合物を得た。After mixing and melting the mixture using an attritor (manufactured by Mitsui Miike Seisakusho) heated to 100°C, the mixture was heated at 200 rpm.
Dispersion was carried out for 1 hour at m, to obtain a molten mixture.
他方、２０Ｊ２アジホモミキサー（特殊機化製）に水２
ＣＩＩＬ及びアニオン製分散剤たるシリカ（エアロシー
ル＃２００、日本エアロシール社製）４０ｇを入れ、加
熱ジャケットにより９５℃に加熱して分散媒体とした。On the other hand, add 2 liters of water to the 20J2 Ajihomo mixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika).
CIIL and 40 g of silica (Aero Seal #200, manufactured by Nippon Aero Seal Co., Ltd.) as a dispersant made by anion were added and heated to 95° C. using a heating jacket to prepare a dispersion medium.
この分散媒体中に前記で得た溶融混合物２Ｋｇを投入し
、周速２０ ｍ／ｓｅｃの攪拌により造粒を行なったと
ころ、約３０分にて数平均粒子径７．６μ■、重量平均
粒子径１０．９μ園の微粒子を含む分散液が得られた。When 2 kg of the molten mixture obtained above was put into this dispersion medium and granulated by stirring at a circumferential speed of 20 m/sec, the number average particle size was 7.6μ■ and the weight average particle size was granulated in about 30 minutes. A dispersion containing fine particles of 10.9 μm size was obtained.
この分散液を氷３０Ｋｇを入れた容器中に投入して急冷
させ、更にこの分散液中に苛性ソーダ４００ｇを投入し
、２４時間攪拌後、遠心分離機を用いて上記微粒子の濾
過、水洗をくり返し、上記分散液中の残存シリカおよび
苛性ソーダを除去した。This dispersion was put into a container containing 30 kg of ice and cooled rapidly, and 400 g of caustic soda was added into this dispersion, and after stirring for 24 hours, the fine particles were repeatedly filtered using a centrifuge and washed with water. Residual silica and caustic soda in the above dispersion were removed.
次いでこの微粒子を４０℃の通風乾燥機により乾燥させ
て、芯材粒子を得た。Next, the fine particles were dried in a ventilation dryer at 40° C. to obtain core particles.
この芯材粒子の表面及び切片を走査型および透過型電子
顕微鏡によ）観察したところ、表面上に磁性体はなく、
内部には磁性体が充分に分散された微粒子であることが
確認された。When the surface and section of this core material particle was observed using a scanning and transmission electron microscope, it was found that there was no magnetic material on the surface.
It was confirmed that the particles were fine particles in which the magnetic material was sufficiently dispersed.
殻材樹脂としてのスチレン−ジエチルアミノエチルメタ
アクリレート共重合体共重合モル比８７：１３）１２０
ｇを、４に８のＤＭＦ （Ｎ、Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミ
ド）に溶解させた溶液中に、上記で得られた芯材粒子Ｉ
Ｋｇを投入し、−２０℃に冷却した後ホモミキサー（特
殊機化製）を用い６０００ ｒｐ霞で１０分間充分に攪
拌して分散液とした。この分散液中に、上記ホモミキサ
ーで攪拌しながら、ゆっくりと冷水を滴下していき、マ
イクロカプセル化を行った。Styrene-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer copolymerization molar ratio as shell material resin 87:13) 120
The core material particles I obtained above were dissolved in a solution of 4 to 8 parts of DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide).
After cooling to −20° C., the mixture was thoroughly stirred using a homomixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika) at 6000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a dispersion. While stirring with the homomixer, cold water was slowly dropped into this dispersion to perform microencapsulation.
殻材の析出が終ったところで、この分散液に遠心濾過機
を用いて濾過、水洗をくり返し、４０℃で十分に乾燥し
てマイク−カプセルを得た。このマイクロカプセルを電
子顕微鏡により観察したところ、殻材により芯材が均一
に覆われたマイクロカプセルトナーであることが確認さ
れた。When the precipitation of the shell material was completed, the dispersion was repeatedly filtered using a centrifugal filter and washed with water, and thoroughly dried at 40° C. to obtain a microphone capsule. When this microcapsule was observed using an electron microscope, it was confirmed that it was a microcapsule toner in which the core material was uniformly covered with the shell material.
このようにして得られたカプセルトナー粉末１００ｇに
対して疎水性コロイダルシリカ０．５ｇを加えて攪拌し
、１００メツシユのふるいにかけた後に、キャノン社製
ＰＣ−３０複写機（圧力定着装置を具備）により画出し
く画像形成テスト）を行なったところ、良質な画像が得
られた。0.5 g of hydrophobic colloidal silica was added to 100 g of the capsule toner powder thus obtained, stirred, and passed through a 100-mesh sieve. When an image formation test (image formation test) was conducted, a good quality image was obtained.
の方法により溶融混合、水性媒体中への懸濁・造粒を行
って、数平均粒子径７．８μ１１，７重量平均粒子径１
１．２μ■の芯材微粒子を得た。Melt-mix, suspend in an aqueous medium, and granulate according to the method of
Core material fine particles of 1.2 μm were obtained.
この芯材粒子を乾燥した後、実施例１と同様の方法によ
りカプセル化を行ない、マイクロカプセルトナーを得た
。After drying the core material particles, encapsulation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a microcapsule toner.
大１１１互
実施例２において用いたカチオン性組成物（デュオミン
０）に代えて、デエオミンＳ（ライオン・アクゾ社製）
を５重量部用いた以外は、実施例１と同様にして芯材粒
子を得た。Deeomin S (manufactured by Lion Akzo) was used instead of the cationic composition (Duomin 0) used in Example 2.
Core material particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 5 parts by weight of .
この芯材粒子を実施例１と同様に観察したところ、磁性
体粒子は芯材粒子表面には存在せず、芯材粒子中に良好
に分散していた。When the core particles were observed in the same manner as in Example 1, it was found that the magnetic particles were not present on the surface of the core particles and were well dispersed within the core particles.
この芯材粒子を実施例１に示すのと同様な方法によりカ
プセル化した後、後処理をほどこし、乾燥してマイクロ
カプセルトナー微粉末を得た。これを電子顕微鏡により
観察したところ、表面が均一に被覆されたマイクロカプ
セルトナーであることが確認された。The core material particles were encapsulated by the same method as shown in Example 1, then post-treated and dried to obtain microcapsule toner fine powder. When this was observed using an electron microscope, it was confirmed that the toner was a microcapsule toner whose surface was uniformly coated.
１笠ｊ
上記の実施例１で用いたカチオン性組成物（デュオミン
Ｔ）に代えて、ｎ−ドデシルジメチルアミン５重量部を
用いた以外は実施例１と同様にして溶融混合、造粒を行
い数平均粒子径６．９μｍ、重量平均粒子径１０．１μ
−の芯材粒子を得た。1. Melt mixing and granulation were performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 5 parts by weight of n-dodecyldimethylamine was used instead of the cationic composition (Duomin T) used in Example 1 above. Number average particle size 6.9μm, weight average particle size 10.1μm
− core material particles were obtained.
この粒子を実施例１と同様に電子顕微鏡により観察した
ところ、実施例１．２の芯材粒子とは異なり、磁性体粒
子が芯材粒子表面上のほとんどの部分に見られた。また
芯材粒子内部でも、磁性体微粒子は表面近傍に存在し、
内部にある数は少なかった。また芯材強度が安定してい
ない為か、芯材粒子に変形しているものが数多く見られ
た。When these particles were observed using an electron microscope in the same manner as in Example 1, magnetic particles were found on most of the surface of the core particles, unlike the core particles in Example 1.2. Also, within the core material particles, magnetic fine particles exist near the surface,
There were only a few inside. In addition, many core particles were observed to be deformed, probably because the strength of the core material was not stable.
この芯材微粒子を実施例１と同様の方法でマイクロカプ
セル化したところ、芯材粒子の表面は均一にカプセル化
されていなかった。When these core material particles were microencapsulated in the same manner as in Example 1, the surface of the core material particles was not uniformly encapsulated.
比較のために、実施例２及び比較例のカプセルトナー微
粒子それぞれ１００ｇに対して、疎水性コロイダルシリ
カを各々０．６ｇ添加し攪拌した後に１００メツシユの
篩いをかけ、キャノン社製ＰＣ−３０により画出しを行
なったところ、２３℃、５５％ＲＨの環境下で、実施例
２のカプセルトナーは初期において１．４６の画像濃度
（マクベス反射濃度計による）があったのに対して、比
較例のカプセルトナーではＯ，ａＯの画像濃度しか得ら
れなかりた。For comparison, 0.6 g of hydrophobic colloidal silica was added to 100 g of each of the capsule toner fine particles of Example 2 and Comparative Example, stirred, passed through a 100 mesh sieve, and screened using Canon PC-30. When unloaded, the capsule toner of Example 2 had an initial image density of 1.46 (as measured by a Macbeth reflection densitometer) in an environment of 23°C and 55% RH, whereas that of the comparative example With the capsule toner, only image densities of O and aO could be obtained.
また両方のトナーについて連続的な画出しを行なったと
ころ、比較例のカプセルトナーでは２５０枚目あたりか
ら感光体表面への融着が発生し、更にこの融着が増加す
る傾向が見られた。しかしながら実施例２のカプセルト
ナーでは、２０００枚目においても感光体表面への融着
は見られなかった。また実施例２のトナーは１０００枚
の連続画出し中も１．４５〜１．６５の画像濃度を保持
したのに対して、比較例のトナーは最高でも１゜２５の
画像濃度しか与えなかった。更に、比較例のトナーでは
、実施例２のトナーと比べて連続画出し中のカブリが目
立った。In addition, when continuous image printing was performed for both toners, it was found that the capsule toner of the comparative example began to fuse to the photoconductor surface from around the 250th sheet, and there was a tendency for this fusion to increase further. . However, with the capsule toner of Example 2, no fusion was observed on the surface of the photoreceptor even on the 2000th sheet. Furthermore, the toner of Example 2 maintained an image density of 1.45 to 1.65 even during continuous image printing of 1000 sheets, whereas the toner of Comparative Example only gave an image density of 1°25 at most. Ta. Furthermore, in the toner of the comparative example, fogging during continuous image formation was more noticeable than in the toner of Example 2.
更に、実施例１〜３のマイクロカプセルトナー及び比較
例のマイクロカプセルトナーの画像試料を用いて、荷重
２００ｇ、画像試料との接触面にフェルトをはり、該画
像面を５往復する擦り試験による定着性の評価を行い、
下記表に示す結果を得た。Furthermore, using the image samples of the microcapsule toners of Examples 1 to 3 and the microcapsule toner of Comparative Example, fixing was carried out by a rubbing test in which the image surface was rubbed back and forth 5 times under a load of 200 g with felt attached to the contact surface with the image sample. Perform a sexual evaluation,
The results shown in the table below were obtained.
擦りによる定着性試験
これらの結果から、本発明の製造方法により得られたマ
イクロカプセルトナーは、画像濃度、耐久性および定着
性ともに優れたものであることが容易に理解できよう。Fixation Test by Rubbing From these results, it can be easily understood that the microcapsule toner obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention is excellent in image density, durability, and fixability.
Claims (1)
体微粉末とを溶融混合する工程と、上記工程で得られた
溶融混合物を、前記カチオン性物質と反対荷電性の分散
剤の存在下に、水性媒体中に懸濁、造粒して芯材粒子を
形成する工程と、 上記芯材粒子を殻材で被覆する工程とを包含し、且つ、 前記カチオン性物質として、ヤシ油、オレイル油、大豆
油または牛脂に含有される脂肪酸組成物から誘導された
一級アミン組成物とアクリロニトリルとを反応させ、次
いで水素で還元して得られた−ＮＣＨ＿２ＣＨ＿２ＣＨ
＿２ＮＨ＿２構造を有するＮ−アルキル・トリメチレン
・ジアミン組成物を用いることを特徴とするカプセルト
ナーの製造方法。[Scope of Claims] A step of melt-mixing a compound having a hydrocarbon chain, a cationic substance, and a fine magnetic powder, and a step of melt-mixing a compound having a hydrocarbon chain, a cationic substance, and a magnetic fine powder, and mixing the molten mixture obtained in the above step with a compound having an opposite charge to the cationic substance. a step of forming core material particles by suspending and granulating them in an aqueous medium in the presence of a dispersant; and a step of covering the core material particles with a shell material, and as the cationic substance. -NCH_2CH_2CH obtained by reacting a primary amine composition derived from a fatty acid composition contained in coconut oil, oleyl oil, soybean oil or beef tallow with acrylonitrile and then reducing it with hydrogen.
A method for producing a capsule toner, comprising using an N-alkyl trimethylene diamine composition having a _2NH_2 structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63049603A JPH01224775A (en) | 1988-03-04 | 1988-03-04 | Production of encapsulated toner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63049603A JPH01224775A (en) | 1988-03-04 | 1988-03-04 | Production of encapsulated toner |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01224775A true JPH01224775A (en) | 1989-09-07 |
Family
ID=12835812
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63049603A Pending JPH01224775A (en) | 1988-03-04 | 1988-03-04 | Production of encapsulated toner |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01224775A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07507335A (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 1995-08-10 | ヴィデオジェット システムズ インターナショナル インコーポレイテッド | Encapsulated magnetic particles, pigments and carbon black, related compositions and methods |
| JP2005024780A (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-27 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Development toner for static charge image, its manufacturing method, image forming method and device, and processing cartridge |
-
1988
- 1988-03-04 JP JP63049603A patent/JPH01224775A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07507335A (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 1995-08-10 | ヴィデオジェット システムズ インターナショナル インコーポレイテッド | Encapsulated magnetic particles, pigments and carbon black, related compositions and methods |
| JP2005024780A (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-27 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Development toner for static charge image, its manufacturing method, image forming method and device, and processing cartridge |
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