JP7512199B2 - 車両用合わせガラス及び車両 - Google Patents
車両用合わせガラス及び車両 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7512199B2 JP7512199B2 JP2020542347A JP2020542347A JP7512199B2 JP 7512199 B2 JP7512199 B2 JP 7512199B2 JP 2020542347 A JP2020542347 A JP 2020542347A JP 2020542347 A JP2020542347 A JP 2020542347A JP 7512199 B2 JP7512199 B2 JP 7512199B2
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- laminated glass
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- resin
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Images
Classifications
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- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
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Landscapes
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Description
<赤外線反射層>
上記赤外線反射層は赤外線を反射する。上記赤外線反射層は、赤外線を反射する性能を有していれば特に限定されない。
上記着色層について、並びに、上記赤外線反射層及び上記着色層の双方とは異なる樹脂層(例えば、車両用合わせガラスが、(車外側)第1の合わせガラス部材/着色層/赤外線反射層/樹脂層/第2の合わせガラス部材(車内側)の構造を有する場合の該樹脂層)について説明する。
上記着色層は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、熱可塑性樹脂(1)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記着色層は、熱可塑性樹脂(1)として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(1)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記樹脂層は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、熱可塑性樹脂(2)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記樹脂層は、熱可塑性樹脂(2)として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(2)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。
着色層の接着力をより一層高める観点からは、上記着色層は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。樹脂層の接着力をより一層高める観点からは、上記樹脂層は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。着色層及び樹脂層に含まれている熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂である場合に、着色層及び樹脂層は、可塑剤を含むことが特に好ましい。ポリビニルアセタール樹脂を含む層は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。
上記着色層は、着色剤を含む。上記樹脂層は、着色剤を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記樹脂層における着色剤の含有量は、上記着色層における着色剤の含有量よりも少なくてもよい。上記着色剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記着色層は、遮熱性物質を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記樹脂層は、遮熱性物質を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記着色層における遮熱性物質の含有量は、上記樹脂層における遮熱性物質の含有量よりも少なくてもよい。上記樹脂層は、遮熱性物質を含むことが好ましい。上記遮熱性物質は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記着色層は、アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類金属塩の内の少なくとも1種の金属塩(以下、金属塩Mと記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記樹脂層は、上記金属塩Mを含むことが好ましい。なお、アルカリ土類金属とは、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、及びRaの6種の金属を意味する。上記金属塩Mの使用により、着色層又は樹脂層と赤外線反射層及び合わせガラス部材との接着性を制御することが容易になる。上記金属塩Mは、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記着色層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記樹脂層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。紫外線遮蔽剤の使用により、合わせガラスが長期間使用されても、可視光線透過率がより一層低下し難くなる。上記紫外線遮蔽剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記着色層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記樹脂層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記酸化防止剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記着色層及び上記樹脂層はそれぞれ、必要に応じて、カップリング剤、分散剤、界面活性剤、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、金属塩以外の接着力調整剤、耐湿剤、蛍光増白剤及び赤外線吸収剤等の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。これらの添加剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜の厚みは、好ましくは0.1mm以上、より好ましくは0.25mm以上、更に好ましくは0.5mm以上、特に好ましくは0.8mm以上であり、好ましくは3mm以下、より好ましくは2mm以下、更に好ましくは1.5mm以下である。
上記第1,第2の合わせガラス部材としては、ガラス板及びPET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)フィルム等が挙げられる。上記合わせガラスには、2枚のガラス板の間に中間層が挟み込まれている合わせガラスだけでなく、ガラス板とPETフィルム等との間に中間層が挟み込まれている合わせガラスも含まれる。合わせガラスは、ガラス板を備えた積層体であり、少なくとも1枚のガラス板が用いられていることが好ましい。上記第1,第2の合わせガラス部材がそれぞれガラス板又はPETフィルムであり、かつ上記合わせガラスが、上記第1,第2の合わせガラス部材として、少なくとも1枚のガラス板を含むことが好ましい。上記第1,第2の合わせガラス部材の双方がガラス板であることが特に好ましい。
上記車両用合わせガラスの使用時には、上記車両の開口部において、上記第1の合わせガラス部材が、車外側(外部空間側)に位置するように、かつ上記第2の合わせガラス部材が車内側(内部空間側)に位置するように、上記合わせガラスを開口部に取り付ける。
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(PVB、平均重合度1700、水酸基の含有率30.5モル%、アセチル化度1モル%、アセタール化度68.5モル%)
(可塑剤)
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)
(遮熱粒子)
ITO粒子
CWO粒子
(紫外線遮蔽剤)
Tinuvin326(2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-t-ブチル-5-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、BASF社製「Tinuvin326」)
(酸化防止剤)
BHT(2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール)
(着色剤)
カーボンブラック(オリオン社製「FW-200カーボン」、平均粒子径1μm)
フタロシアニン化合物(大日精化工業製「シアニンブルー5029」)
インダンスレン(ドミニオン社製「クロモフタールブルーA3R」)
グラフェン(シグマアルドリッチ社製「Graphene ink」)
チタンブラック(三菱マテリアル電子化成社製「12S」)
アニリンブラック(東京色材社製「No.3アニリンブラック」)
Nano 90S(3M、超多層樹脂フィルム、住友スリーエム社製「マルチレイヤー Nano 90S」)
クリアガラス(厚さ2.5mm)
着色層の作製:
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、着色層を形成するための組成物を得た。
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40重量部
得られる着色層中で0.008重量%となる量のカーボンブラック
得られる着色層中で0.2重量%となる量のTinuvin326(2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-t-ブチル-5-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、BASF社製「Tinuvin326」)
得られる着色層中で0.2重量%となる量のBHT(2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール)
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、樹脂層を形成するための組成物を得た。
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40重量部
得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量のTinuvin326(2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-t-ブチル-5-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、BASF社製「Tinuvin326」)
得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量のBHT(2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール)
赤外線反射層として、Nano 90Sを用意した。
第1の合わせガラス部材と、着色層と、赤外線反射層と、樹脂層と、第2の合わせガラス部材とをこの順で積層して、第1の合わせガラス部材/着色層/赤外線反射層/樹脂層/第2の合わせガラス部材の構造を有する車両用合わせガラスを得た。
中間膜の構成を下記の表1,2,5に示すように変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、第1の合わせガラス部材/着色層/赤外線反射層/樹脂層/第2の合わせガラス部材の構造を有する車両用合わせガラスを得た。なお、実施例2~19で作製した中間膜も実施例1で作製した中間膜と同様、紫外線遮蔽剤及び酸化防止剤を含む。
実施例1と同様にして、着色層及び樹脂層を得た。第1の合わせガラス部材と、樹脂層と、赤外線反射層と、着色層と、第2の合わせガラス部材とをこの順で積層して、第1の合わせガラス部材/樹脂層/赤外線反射層/着色層/第2の合わせガラス部材の構造を有する車両用合わせガラスを得た。なお、比較例1で作製した中間膜も実施例1で作製した中間膜と同様、紫外線遮蔽剤及び酸化防止剤を含む。
中間膜の構成を下記の表3,6に示すように変更したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして、第1の合わせガラス部材/樹脂層/赤外線反射層/着色層/第2の合わせガラス部材の構造を有する車両用合わせガラスを得た。なお、比較例2~7,12,13で作製した中間膜も実施例1で作製した中間膜と同様、紫外線遮蔽剤及び酸化防止剤を含む。
中間膜の構成を下記の表4に示すように変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、第1の合わせガラス部材/着色層/赤外線反射層/樹脂層/第2の合わせガラス部材の構造を有する車両用合わせガラスを得た。なお、比較例8~11で作製した中間膜も実施例1で作製した中間膜と同様、紫外線遮蔽剤及び酸化防止剤を含む。
(1)積層体の吸光度測定
得られた着色層及び樹脂層について、以下の手順でクリアフロートガラス/着色層/クリアフロートガラスの構造を有する積層体(1)、及び、クリアフロートガラス/樹脂層/クリアフロートガラスの構造を有する積層体(2)を作製した。
A650/A450(積層体(1),(2)の波長650nmでの吸光度の積層体(1),(2)の波長450nmでの吸光度に対する比)
A550/A450(積層体(1),(2)の波長550nmでの吸光度の積層体(1),(2)の波長450nmでの吸光度に対する比)
分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U-4100」)を用いて、JIS R3106:1998に準拠して、得られた積層体(1),(2)の波長380nm~780nmにおける可視光線透過率(Visible Transmittance)を測定した。
分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U-4100」)を用いて、JIS R3106:1998に準拠して、得られた合わせガラスの波長380nm~780nmにおける可視光線透過率(Visible Transmittance)を測定した。
分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U-4100」)を用いて、JIS R3106:1998に準拠して、得られた合わせガラスの波長300nm~2500nmでの日射透過率Ts(Ts2500)を求めた。
分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U-4100」)を用いて、JIS Z8701:1999に準拠して、得られた合わせガラスの透過色を測定した。なお、標準光としてD65光源を用い、10度視野の条件で測定した。
分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U―4100」)を用いて、JIS Z8701:1999に準拠して、得られた合わせガラスの透過色を測定した。なお、標準光としてD65光源を用い、10度視野の条件で測定した。
得られた合わせガラスの第1の合わせガラス部材の外側の表面上に水を垂らした。背景の色が暗い環境及び背景の色が明るい環境において、目視にて水滴の色づきを観察した。
○:水滴の色づきが認められない
×:水滴の色づきが認められる
2…第2の合わせガラス部材
3,3A…中間膜
3a,3Aa…第1の表面
3b,3Ab…第2の表面
11,11A…車両用合わせガラス
31…赤外線反射層
31a…第1の表面
31b…第2の表面
32…着色層
32a…外側の表面
33…樹脂層
33a…外側の表面
Claims (8)
- 車両用合わせガラスであって、
車外側に配置される第1の合わせガラス部材と、
車内側に配置される第2の合わせガラス部材と、
前記第1の合わせガラス部材と前記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に配置された中間膜とを備え、
前記中間膜は、赤外線を反射する赤外線反射層と、着色剤を含む着色層とを有し、
前記中間膜において、前記赤外線反射層は前記着色層よりも前記第2の合わせガラス部材側に配置されており、かつ、前記着色層は前記赤外線反射層よりも前記第1の合わせガラス部材側に配置されており、
下記の第1の構成を満たす、車両用合わせガラス。
第1の構成:前記着色層を2枚のクリアガラスの間に挟み込んで積層体を得たときに、前記着色層は、以下の構成Aと以下の構成Bとの双方を満たす層であり、前記着色層に含まれる前記着色剤が、カーボンブラック、チタンブラック、アニリンブラック、又はグラフェンを含む。
構成A:前記積層体の波長650nmでの吸光度をA650とし、前記積層体の波長550nmでの吸光度をA550とし、前記積層体の波長450nmでの吸光度をA450としたときに、A650/A550の値、A650/A450の値及びA550/A450の値がそれぞれ0.6以上1.4以下である。
構成B:前記積層体の可視光線透過率が82%以下である。 - 下記の第2の構成を満たす、請求項1に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
第2の構成:前記着色層が前記着色剤としてカーボンブラックを含む。 - 前記着色層が熱可塑性樹脂を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
- 前記中間膜が、熱可塑性樹脂を含む樹脂層を有し、
前記中間膜において、前記樹脂層は前記赤外線反射層よりも前記第2の合わせガラス部材側に配置されている、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の車両用合わせガラス。 - 車両用合わせガラスの波長650nmでの吸光度をA650’とし、車両用合わせガラスの波長550nmでの吸光度をA550’とし、車両用合わせガラスの波長450nmでの吸光度をA450’としたときに、車両用合わせガラスの全平面積100%中、A650’/A550’の値、A650’/A450’の値及びA550’/A450’の値がそれぞれ0.6以上1.4以下である部分の平面積が30%以上である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
- 車両用合わせガラスの波長650nmでの吸光度をA650’とし、車両用合わせガラスの波長550nmでの吸光度をA550’とし、車両用合わせガラスの波長450nmでの吸光度をA450’としたときに、車両用合わせガラスの縦方向における中央の位置かつ横方向における中央の位置におけるA650’/A550’の値、A650’/A450’の値及びA550’/A450’の値がそれぞれ0.6以上1.4以下である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
- 湾曲した凸表面を有し、
前記湾曲した凸表面が前記第1の合わせガラス部材の外側の表面である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の車両用合わせガラス。 - 車両本体と、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の車両用合わせガラスとを備える、車両。
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