JP5727531B2 - 血管セグメントを画像化する方法および装置 - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、光学的放射を使用して表面を画像化する方法および装置に関し、より詳細には、光学的放射を使用して血管の内部目標表面を画像化する方法および装置に関する。
本発明は、2004年8月24日に出願された米国特許出願第60/604,138号の優先権を主張するものであり、その全ての開示内容は言及したことにより本明細書中に援用される。
急性心筋梗塞(“AMI”)は、合衆国および各工業国における死亡の主な原因である。過去15年間に行われた調査によれば、不安定プラークと称される最小限のまたは目立たない狭窄アテローム硬化性プラークは、冠状動脈血栓症、心筋虚血および突然心臓死の前触れであることが例証されている。死後の研究によると、突然心臓死の約80%における原因障害として、ひとつの種類の不安定プラークすなわち薄寸被膜線維アテローム(thin-cap fibroatheroma)(“TCFA”)が特定された。TCFAの90%以上は、主な冠状動脈(左前下行枝−LAD;左回旋枝−LCx;および右冠状動脈−RCA)の各々の最も基端側の5.0cmのセグメント内に見出される。TCFAは典型的に、組織学的には以下の特徴により特徴付けられる最小閉塞的なプラークである:a)薄寸の線維被膜(<65μm)、b)大寸の脂質溜まり、および、c)線維被膜の近傍にて活性化されたマクロファージ。これらの特徴は、生体力学的ストレスに応じてTCFAを破裂させる傾向があると仮定される。破裂に続き、組織因子などの凝結因子の放出により、血栓形成に対する原因箇所および急性冠状動脈事象に対する可能性が生まれる。AMIの大部分に対してはTCFAが伴うが、最近の解剖研究によれば、侵食を伴う即ち表面的に石灰化された小結節を伴う冠状動脈プラークもまた血栓を析出して冠状動脈を突然に閉塞し得ることが示されている。
各図を通し、特に明記しない限り同一の参照番号および記号は、図示された実施例の同様の特徴、要素、構成要素または部分を表すべく用いられる。更に、以下において本発明は図面を参照して詳細に記述されるが、該記述は図示実施例に関してその様に行われるものである。
D1=R(λ1)/R(λ2)
D2=R(λ1)/[R(λ1)+R(λ2)]
D3=[R(λ1)−R(λ2)]/[R(λ1)+R(λ2)]
D4=[R(λ1)−R(λ2)]/R(λ2)
Claims (32)
- 構造を画像化する装置であって、
人工物と、
上記人工物に関する外部箇所へと所定体積の流体を送給すべく構成された流体送給機構と、
上記構造と関連したデータを受信し、上記所定体積の流体が上記外部箇所へと送給される間およびその後の少なくとも一方にて上記構造を画像化すべく構成された画像化機構と、
上記構造へ光を導向すべく構成された導向機構と、
上記画像化機構に作動的に接続され該画像化機構の少なくとも一部を少なくとも30回/秒以上の速度で回転させる回転機構と、
上記画像化機構の平行移動を自動的に制御するように構成されたコンピュータ機構とを備えて成り、
上記コンピュータ機構は前記データを受信し、上記コンピュータ機構により以前に受信された情報に基づいて、上記データの関数として上記流体送給機構または上記画像化機構の少なくとも一方を自動的に制御する装置。 - 前記人工物はハウジングである、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記流体は前記光の波長の近傍において実質的に透明である、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記構造は血管である、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記流体送給機構は前記人工物に対して作動的に関係付けられたポンプである、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記流体送給機構は前記人工物に対して作動的に関係付けられた注入器である、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記流体送給機構は、
実質的に透明な前記流体を収容する流体リザーバと、
上記流体リザーバに対して接続された第1端部と前記人工物に関係付けられた第2端部とを有する送給管路とを備えて成る、請求項1記載の装置。 - 前記人工物は該人工物のハウジングに形成された開孔を含む、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記人工物の前記開孔は前記ハウジングの末端に配置される、請求項8記載の装置。
- 前記人工物の前記開孔は前記画像化機構の近傍に配置される、請求項8記載の装置。
- 前記導向機構は前記画像化機構の前記末端における光学機器を含む、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記画像化機構は、
前記導向機構に対して作動的に接続された少なくとも一本の光ファイバと、
上記少なくとも一本の光ファイバに対して作動的に接続された画像処理機構とを含む、請求項1記載の装置。 - 前記導向機構はレンズおよび光導向要素を含む、請求項12記載の装置。
- 前記導向要素は光の少なくともひとつの方向を変更すべく構成された光学的機構であり、
上記光学的機構は上記光を、前記人工物の長軸に対して実質的に平行な方向から、該人工物の上記長軸に対して実質的に直交する方向へと導向し得る、請求項13記載の装置。 - 前記レンズは前記光を、前記人工物を約0.5mm〜5mmだけ越えた箇所に焦点合わせする、請求項13記載の装置。
- 前記回転機構は少なくとも約50回転/秒より速い速度にて回転する、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記画像化機構に対して作動的に接続されると共に前記人工物に対して該画像化機構を平行移動させるべく構成された引戻し機構を更に備えて成る、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記引戻し機構は約1mm/秒を超える速度にて前記画像化機構を平行移動する、請求項17記載の装置。
- 前記引戻し機構は前記画像化機構を約10mm/秒の速度で平行移動させる、請求項17記載の装置。
- 前記人工物の少なくとも一部分は透明である、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記流体は画像化法で利用される放射に対して実質的に透明である、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記画像化法は、時間領域光コヒーレンス・トモグラフィ、スペクトル領域光コヒーレンス・トモグラフィ、または、光学周波数領域画像化法である、請求項21記載の装置。
- 前記人工物を自身内に受容すべく構成された案内カテーテルを更に備えて成る、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記流体送給機構は前記流体を前記案内カテーテルの基端に対して送給し、且つ、
上記流体は上記案内カテーテルを貫通して形成された開孔を通して流れる、請求項23記載の装置。 - 前記コンピュータ機構は前記流体送給機構の流体送給を自動的に制御する、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記コンピュータ機構は、前記画像化機構の平行移動および前記流体送給機構の流体送給を自動的に制御する、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記画像化機構の平行移動を制御するコンピュータ機構をさらに備える、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記人工物または前記画像化機構の少なくとも一方を含むカテーテルを更に備えて成る、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記流体送給機構は前記カテーテルの内側部分を通して前記流体を送給する、請求項28記載の装置。
- 前記画像化機構は、画像を獲得するためのビームであって前記カテーテルの外側へと伝達されるというビームを放出する画像化用光学機器を含む、請求項29記載の装置。
- 人工物と、
上記人工物に関する外部箇所へと所定体積の流体を送給すべく構成された流体送給機構と、
上記所定体積の流体が上記外部箇所へと送給される間またはその後の少なくとも一方にて上記構造を画像化すべく構成された画像化機構であって、上記画像化機構または上記人工物の少なくとも一方は、上記構造の画像化または前記所定体積の流体の送給の少なくとも一方と同時に、表面の延長の軸心に略々対応する経路に沿い平行移動されるという画像化機構と、
前記平行移動の延長の方向とは異なる方向のみにおいて、前記構造へ光を導向すべく構成された導向機構と、
上記画像化機構の平行移動を自動的に制御するように構成されたコンピュータ機構とを備えて成り、
上記画像化機構は上記構造に関するデータを獲得し、
上記コンピュータ機構は上記データを受信し、上記コンピュータ機構により以前に受信された情報に基づいて、上記データの関数として上記流体送給機構または上記画像化機構の少なくとも一方を自動的に制御する装置。 - 上記画像化機構または上記人工物の少なくとも一方は、上記構造の画像化または上記所定体積の流体の送給の少なくとも一方と同時に、表面の延長の軸心に略々対応する経路に沿って平行移動される、請求項1記載の装置。
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US20120228523A1 (en) | 2009-11-09 | 2012-09-13 | Tata Institute Of Fundamental Research | Biological laser plasma x-ray point source |
KR101522850B1 (ko) | 2010-01-14 | 2015-05-26 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 움직임 벡터를 부호화, 복호화하는 방법 및 장치 |
DK2542154T3 (da) | 2010-03-05 | 2020-11-23 | Massachusetts Gen Hospital | Apparat til tilvejebringelse af elektromagnetisk stråling til en prøve |
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WO2006024015A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
US9254102B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 |
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EP1793731B1 (en) | 2013-12-25 |
US20120035454A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
EP2272420A1 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
US9763623B2 (en) | 2017-09-19 |
EP2272420B1 (en) | 2013-06-19 |
JP2013106973A (ja) | 2013-06-06 |
US8208995B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 |
EP2272421A1 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
JP2013106972A (ja) | 2013-06-06 |
JP2015013217A (ja) | 2015-01-22 |
KR20120062944A (ko) | 2012-06-14 |
EP1793731A1 (en) | 2007-06-13 |
EP2275024A3 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
JP5324095B2 (ja) | 2013-10-23 |
EP2275024A2 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
KR20070058523A (ko) | 2007-06-08 |
JP2008510586A (ja) | 2008-04-10 |
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