JP5539996B2 - 遷臨界冷媒サイクルにおける液体および蒸気の分離 - Google Patents
遷臨界冷媒サイクルにおける液体および蒸気の分離 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 title claims description 296
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 79
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical group O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 R22 and R134a Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
- F25B43/006—Accumulators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
- F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
- F25B2400/0411—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the expansion valve or capillary tube
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/13—Economisers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/23—Separators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/026—Compressor control by controlling unloaders
- F25B2600/0261—Compressor control by controlling unloaders external to the compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/195—Pressures of the condenser
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2109—Temperatures of a separator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2113—Temperatures of a suction accumulator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
- F25B2700/21151—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the suction side of the compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
- F25B2700/21163—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/006—Cooling of compressor or motor
- F25B31/008—Cooling of compressor or motor by injecting a liquid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Description
Claims (14)
- 冷媒回路において連通するように接続される、超臨界圧力へ冷媒蒸気を圧縮する圧縮装置と、超臨界冷媒圧力で動作するガスクーラと、亜臨界冷媒圧力で動作するエバポレータと、
前記冷媒回路の前記ガスクーラと前記エバポレータとの間に配置された1次膨張装置と、
前記冷媒回路の前記ガスクーラと前記1次膨張装置との間に配置された2次膨張装置と、
前記冷媒回路において冷媒の流れとして前記1次膨張装置の上流側でかつ前記2次膨張装置の下流側に配置されたフラッシュタンクと、
を備えてなる、遷臨界冷凍サイクルで動作する輸送冷凍冷媒蒸気圧縮システムであって、
前記フラッシュタンクは、
上部チャンバ、下部チャンバおよび中間チャンバへ分割された内側容積部を画定するシェルと、
前記シェルによって画定された前記内側容積部内に互いに離間して配置され、前記シェルの内周壁に当接するように前記内側容積部を横切って延びる下部プレートおよび上部プレートと、
前記中間チャンバと前記上部チャンバとを連通させる第1の流体通路と、
前記中間チャンバと前記下部チャンバとを連通させる第2の流体通路と、
前記2次膨張装置を通過した冷媒流を受けるように前記中間チャンバと連通した入口ポートと、
前記フラッシュタンクから蒸気相の冷媒流を吐出するように前記上部チャンバと連通した第1の出口ポートと、
前記フラッシュタンクから前記冷媒回路へ液体相の冷媒流を吐出するように前記下部チャンバと連通した第2の出口ポートと、
を備えることを特徴とする輸送冷凍冷媒蒸気圧縮システム。 - 前記フラッシュタンクの前記上部チャンバと連通した前記第1の出口ポートと、前記圧縮装置の中間圧力段とを連通させる冷媒蒸気噴射ラインをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の輸送冷凍冷媒蒸気圧縮システム。
- 前記フラッシュタンクの前記下部チャンバと連通した前記第2の出口ポートと、前記圧縮装置の中間圧力段とを連通させる液体冷媒噴射ラインをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の輸送冷凍冷媒蒸気圧縮システム。
- 前記フラッシュタンクは、
前記中間チャンバと前記上部チャンバとを連通させる前記第1の流体通路を形成するように、前記上部プレートを貫通して延びる第1の開口部と、
前記中間チャンバと前記下部チャンバとを連通させる前記第2の流体通路を形成するように、前記下部プレートを貫通して延びる第2の開口部と、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の輸送冷凍冷媒蒸気圧縮システム。 - 前記フラッシュタンクは、
前記下部チャンバと前記上部チャンバとを連通させる導管を画定するように、前記シェルの垂直中心軸に沿って延びる細長い支持チューブと、
連続的な螺旋流体流通路を画定するように前記支持チューブを中心に延びる螺旋部材であって、前記連続的な螺旋流体流通路の第1の部分が、前記中間チャンバと前記上部チャンバとを連通させる前記第1の流体流路を形成し、前記連続的な螺旋流体流通路の第2の部分が、前記中間チャンバと前記下部チャンバとを連通させる前記第2の流体流路を形成する、螺旋部材と、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の輸送冷凍冷媒蒸気圧縮システム。 - 前記冷媒は、二酸化炭素であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の輸送冷凍冷媒蒸気圧縮システム。
- 前記圧縮装置は、少なくとも、第1の比較的低圧の圧縮段と第2の比較的高圧の圧縮段とを有した単一のコンプレッサであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の輸送冷凍冷媒蒸気圧縮システム。
- 前記圧縮装置は、第1のコンプレッサおよび第2のコンプレッサであり、前記第1のコンプレッサおよび前記第2のコンプレッサは、前記冷媒回路において、冷媒が直列に流れる関係でもって、前記第1のコンプレッサの吐出口と第2のコンプレッサの吸入口とが連通するように配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の輸送冷凍冷媒蒸気圧縮システム。
- 前記導管の上部領域と前記連続的な螺旋流体流通路の上部領域とを連通させるように、前記支持チューブの上端部付近に該支持チューブを貫通して延びる上部平衡穴と、
前記導管の下部領域と前記連続的な螺旋流体流通路の下部領域とを連通させるように、前記支持チューブの下端部付近に該支持チューブを貫通して延びる下部平衡穴と、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の輸送冷凍冷媒蒸気圧縮システム。 - 内側容積部を画定するシェルと、
前記シェルによって画定された前記内側容積部内に互いに離間して配置され、前記シェルの内周壁に当接するように前記内側容積部を横切って延び、前記内側容積部を上部チャンバ、中間チャンバおよび下部チャンバに分割する、下部プレートおよび上部プレートと、
前記中間チャンバと前記上部チャンバとを連通させるように、前記上部プレートを貫通して延びる第1の開口部と、
前記中間チャンバと前記下部チャンバとを連通させるように、前記下部プレートを貫通して延びる第2の開口部と、
液体相と蒸気相とを混合してなる流体流を受けるように前記中間チャンバと連通した入口ポートと、
前記上部チャンバから蒸気相の冷媒流を吐出するように前記上部チャンバと連通した第1の出口ポートと、
前記下部チャンバから液体相の冷媒流を吐出するように前記下部チャンバと連通した第2の出口ポートと、
を備えたフラッシュタンク分離器。 - 前記上部プレートの前記第1の開口部および前記下部プレートの前記第2の開口部は、互いに離間して配置されていることを特徴とする請求項10に記載のフラッシュタンク分離器。
- 前記シェルを貫通し、前記入口ポートを画定するフルート状出口を有する入口チューブをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項10に記載のフラッシュタンク分離器。
- 上部チャンバ、中間チャンバおよび下部チャンバを有した内側容積部を画定するシェルと、
前記シェルの垂直中心軸に沿って前記下部チャンバと前記上部チャンバとの間に延びる細長い支持チューブと、
連続的な螺旋流体流通路を画定するように、前記支持チューブを中心に延びる螺旋部材であって、前記連続的な螺旋流体流通路の第1の部分が、前記中間チャンバと前記上部チャンバとを連通させ、前記連続的な螺旋流体流通路の第2の部分が、前記中間チャンバと前記下部チャンバとを連通させる、螺旋部材と、
前記導管の上部領域と前記連続的な螺旋流体流通路の上部領域とを連通させるように、前記支持チューブの上端部付近に該支持チューブを貫通して延びる上部平衡穴と、
前記導管の下部領域と前記連続的な螺旋流体流通路の下部領域とを連通させるように、前記支持チューブの下端部付近に該支持チューブを貫通して延びる下部平衡穴と、
前記2次膨張装置を通過した冷媒流を受けるように前記中間チャンバと連通した入口ポートと、
フラッシュタンク分離器から気体相の冷媒流を吐出するように前記上部チャンバと連通した第1の出口ポートと、
前記フラッシュタンク分離器から前記冷媒回路へ液体相の冷媒流を吐出するように前記下部チャンバと連通した第2の出口ポートと、
を備えたフラッシュタンク分離器。 - 前記シェルを貫通し、前記入口ポートを画定する出口を有した入口チューブをさらに備え、前記入口チューブの出口は、前記シェルの内周壁に周方向に沿って通流するように、液体相と蒸気相とを混合してなる流体の流入流れを導くことを特徴とする請求項13に記載のフラッシュタンク分離器。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10179208P | 2008-10-01 | 2008-10-01 | |
US61/101,792 | 2008-10-01 | ||
PCT/US2009/058732 WO2010039682A2 (en) | 2008-10-01 | 2009-09-29 | Liquid vapor separation in transcritical refrigerant cycle |
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WO2010039682A3 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
WO2010039682A2 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
EP2340406A4 (en) | 2014-11-19 |
EP2340406B1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
DK2340406T3 (en) | 2018-12-17 |
CN102232167B (zh) | 2013-08-14 |
CN102232167A (zh) | 2011-11-02 |
US20110174014A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
EP2340406A2 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
JP2012504747A (ja) | 2012-02-23 |
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