JP5489805B2 - 低温空気分離方法及び装置 - Google Patents
低温空気分離方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 87
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical class [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000883306 Huso huso Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-OUBTZVSYSA-N nitrogen-15 Chemical compound [15N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000017795 Perilipin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010067162 Perilipin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003918 fraction a Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940110728 nitrogen / oxygen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
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- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
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- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04236—Integration of different exchangers in a single core, so-called integrated cores
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- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
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- F25J2200/72—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the totally condensed overhead gas
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- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/90—Details relating to column internals, e.g. structured packing, gas or liquid distribution
- F25J2200/94—Details relating to the withdrawal point
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Description
Claims (10)
- 少なくとも1基の単独蒸留塔(12)を備えた蒸留塔設備における低温空気分離方法であって、
圧縮後の原料空気流(6,8)を、主熱交換器(9)内で、前記蒸留塔設備から導出される低温戻り流(16a,23)との向流熱交換によって冷却し、
この冷却後の原料空気流(11)を前記単独蒸留塔(12)に送り込み、
該単独蒸留塔(12)の塔内上部領域で窒素を含む気体留分(15)を生成し、
この窒素を含む気体留分(15)の少なくとも一部(16b)を凝縮蒸発器の形態の塔頂凝縮器(13)内で凝縮液化し、
該塔頂凝縮器(13)内で生成される窒素を含む液体留分(52)の少なくとも一部(54)を前記単独蒸留塔(12)に還流液として送り込み、
該単独蒸留塔(12)から該塔内を下降する第1の酸素含有還流液留分(18a)を取り出し、
第1の酸素含有還流液留分(18a)を向流過冷却装置(100)内で冷却し、
この冷却後の第1の酸素含有還流液留分(18b)を前記塔頂凝縮器(13)内で蒸発気化し、
この蒸発気化で得られる第1の酸素含有気体留分(29)を再圧縮機(30)内で再圧縮し、
この再圧縮後の酸素含有気体留分(31,32)を前記単独蒸留塔(12)の下部領域に導入する低温空気分離方法において、
前記主熱交換器(9)と前記向流過冷却装置(100)とを一体化した熱交換器(101)で構成して該一体化熱交換器(101)には前記低温戻り流(16,23)のために該一体化熱交換器の低温端から高温端まで通り抜ける流路群(102)を設けておき、
前記低温戻り流(16,23)を前記一体化熱交換器の低温端から前記流路群(102)に送り込んで該一体化熱交換器(101)の高温端まで貫流させることにより、前記第1の酸素含有還流液留分(18a)とだけではなく原料空気流(8)とも間接熱交換させ、それによる冷却後の原料空気流(11)を完全な気体の状態で前記一体化熱交換器(101)から取り出して、完全な気体の状態で前記単独蒸留塔(12)に送り込み、
前記単独蒸留塔(12)の塔内上部領域から前記窒素を含む気体留分(15)を取り出してその一部(16a)を、前記低温戻り流として、前記一体化熱交換器(101)に導入し、
前記単独蒸留塔(12)から第2の酸素含有還流液留分(14a)を取り出し、
この第2の酸素含有還流液留分(14a)を前記一体化熱交換器(101)内で冷却し、
この冷却後の第2の酸素含有還流液留分(14b)を前記塔頂凝縮器(13)内で蒸発気化し、
この蒸発気化で得られる第2の酸素含有気体留分(19)を前記一体化熱交換器内で原料空気流との向流熱交換によって加温し、
この加温後の第2の酸素含有気体留分(20)を膨張タービン(21)内で膨張させて該タービンから機械的動力を取り出し、
その際に、前記第2の酸素含有還流液留分(14a)を前記一体化熱交換器(101)に導入する際の温度を、該一体化熱交換器内における前記第2の酸素含有気体留分(19)との間接熱交換で冷却された原料空気流(11)が該一体化熱交換器(101)から取り出される際の温度よりも高くすることを特徴とする低温空気分離方法。 - 前記一体化熱交換器を単一のプレート式熱交換器ブロックで構成しておくことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記単独蒸留塔が前記蒸留塔設備の唯一の蒸留塔を構成していることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記塔頂凝縮器内における蒸発気化で得られる第2の酸素含有気体留分を前記膨張タービンで膨張させる前に前記一体化熱交換器内で原料空気流との向流熱交換によって加温することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 第1の酸素含有還流液留分(18a)を、第2の酸素含有還流液留分(14a)が取り出される個所よりも理論段又は実用段で少なくとも1段上に位置する塔内個所で前記単独蒸留塔から取り出すことを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記膨張タービン(21)から取り出される機械的動力で前記再圧縮機(30)を駆動することを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記再圧縮機(30)を低温圧縮機で構成しておくことを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記再圧縮機(30)で再圧縮した後の酸素含有気体留分(31)を、前記単独蒸留塔(12)の下部領域に送り込む前に、前記一体化熱交換器(101)内で冷却し、その際に該一体化熱交換器(101)から冷却後の再圧縮酸素含有気体留分(32)を完全に気体の形で取り出し、且つ完全に気体の形で前記単独蒸留塔(12)に送り込むことを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1基の単独蒸留塔(12)を備えた蒸留塔設備内で低温空気分離を行うための装置であって、
圧縮後の原料空気流(6,8)を、前記蒸留塔設備から導出される低温戻り流(16,23)との向流熱交換によって冷却する主熱交換器(9)と、
この冷却後の原料空気流(11)を単独蒸留塔(12)に送り込む流路と、
該単独蒸留塔(12)の塔内上部領域で窒素を含む気体留分(15)を生成するための手段と、
この窒素を含む気体留分(15)の少なくとも一部(16b)を凝縮液化するための凝縮蒸発器の形態の塔頂凝縮器(13)と、
該塔頂凝縮器(13)内で生成される窒素を含む液体留分(52)の少なくとも一部(54)を前記単独蒸留塔(12)に還流液として送り込む流路と、
該単独蒸留塔(12)から該塔内を下降する第1の酸素含有還流液留分(18a)を取り出す手段と、
第1の酸素含有還流液留分(18a)を冷却するための向流過冷却装置(100)と、
この冷却後の第1の酸素含有還流液留分(18b)を蒸発気化するために塔頂凝縮器(13)に導入する流路と、
塔頂凝縮器(13)で蒸発気化された酸素含有気体留分(29)を再圧縮するための再圧縮機(30)と、
再圧縮後の酸素含有気体留分(31,32)を単独蒸留塔(12)の下部領域に導入するための流路とを備えた低温空気分離装置において、
前記主熱交換器(9)と前記向流過冷却装置(100)とが一体化した熱交換器(101)で構成され、
該一体化熱交換器(101)には前記低温戻り流(16,23)のために該一体化熱交換器の低温端から高温端まで通り抜ける流路群(102)が設けられ、
一体化熱交換器(101)の低温端には前記低温戻り流(16,23)を前記流路群(102)に送り込むための手段が連結され、
一体化熱交換器(101)の高温端には前記流路群(102)を貫流してくる前記低温戻り流(16,23)を取り出すための流路が連結され、
前記一体化熱交換器(101)が、前記低温戻り流(16,23)を第1の酸素含有還流液留分(18a)とだけではなく原料空気流(8)とも間接熱交換させる熱交換流路構成を有すると共に、
それによる冷却後の原料空気流(11)を完全な気体の状態で前記一体化熱交換器(101)から取り出して完全な気体の状態で前記単独蒸留塔(12)に送り込む流路構成を有しており、
前記単独蒸留塔(12)の塔内上部領域から前記窒素を含む気体留分(15)を取り出してその一部(16a)を、前記低温戻り流として、前記一体化熱交換器(101)に導入するための流路と、
前記単独蒸留塔(12)から第2の酸素含有還流液留分(14a)を取り出し、この第2の酸素含有還流液留分(14a)を冷却するために前記一体化熱交換器(101)内に導入するための流路と、
この冷却後の第2の酸素含有還流液留分(14b)を蒸発気化させるために前記塔頂凝縮器(13)内に導入するための流路と、
この蒸発気化で得られる第2の酸素含有気体留分(19)を前記塔頂凝縮器(13)から取り出し、この第2の酸素含有気体留分(19)を原料空気流との向流熱交換によって加温するために前記一体化熱交換器(101)内に導入するための流路と、
この加温後の第2の酸素含有気体留分(20)を前記一体化熱交換器(101)から取り出し、該第2の酸素含有気体留分(20)を膨張させて機械的動力を取り出すための膨張タービン(21)に該第2の酸素含有気体留分(20)を導入するための流路とを有していて、
前記第2の酸素含有還流液留分(14a)を前記一体化熱交換器(101)に導入する際の温度が、該一体化熱交換器内における前記第2の酸素含有気体留分(19)との間接熱交換で冷却された原料空気流(11)が該一体化熱交換器(101)から取り出される際の温度よりも高くされていることを特徴とする低温空気分離装置。 - 前記塔頂凝縮器(13)は冷却液を重力に逆らって強制的に送り込む形式であることを特徴とする請求項9記載の低温空気分離装置。
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