TWI528008B - 用於低溫空氣分離之方法及裝置 - Google Patents

用於低溫空氣分離之方法及裝置 Download PDF

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TWI528008B
TWI528008B TW099108556A TW99108556A TWI528008B TW I528008 B TWI528008 B TW I528008B TW 099108556 A TW099108556 A TW 099108556A TW 99108556 A TW99108556 A TW 99108556A TW I528008 B TWI528008 B TW I528008B
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heat exchanger
fraction
integrated heat
single column
oxygen
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史戴芬 羅克納
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林德股份公司
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/044—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a single pressure main column system only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/42—Regulation; Control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/0423—Subcooling of liquid process streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04236—Integration of different exchangers in a single core, so-called integrated cores
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/72—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the totally condensed overhead gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/90—Details relating to column internals, e.g. structured packing, gas or liquid distribution
    • F25J2200/94—Details relating to the withdrawal point
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/20—Boiler-condenser with multiple exchanger cores in parallel or with multiple re-boiling or condensing streams

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Description

用於低溫空氣分離之方法及裝置
本發明係關於一種根據專利申請範圍1之預表徵子句之用於低溫空氣分離之方法。
自DE 2261234、US 4966002、US 5363657、US 5528906、US 5934106、US 5611218、US 5582034、US 2004244417、DE 19909744 A1、DE 19919933 A1、DE 19954593 A1、US 2007204652 A1、DB 102006027650 A1及EP 1995537 A2已知與剩餘空氣循環相似之方法。在此情況下，且亦於US 4966002及US 5582034中，使用逆流低溫冷卻器，其中含氧之液態再循環餾份係經「低溫冷卻」，亦即於其沸點下冷卻。
此處「單塔」應理解為意指於均勻壓力範圍(此處意指塔頂與塔底之間的壓差僅係基於塔中上升之蒸汽之壓力損失)下操作之蒸餾塔且於其中將進料空氣以主進料餾份形式注入亦及以積聚於塔上段之富集氮氣之餾份之一部分的形式製得氮氣產物。因此不涵蓋用於氮氣/氧氣分離之雙塔或三塔方法。然而，不排除連接至單塔及以純汽提塔之形式操作之純氧塔。
用於空氣低溫分離之方法及裝置概述於Hausen/Linde，Tieftemperaturtechnik，1985第2版，第4章(第281至337頁)中。
本發明係基於指定一種初始提及類型之方法及一種經濟上尤其有利之相應裝置的目的。
此目的係藉由專利申請範圍1之特徵來達成。
令人驚訝的是，使用合併主熱交換器與逆流低溫冷卻器之功能的整合式熱交換器可避免空氣的任何預先液化。結果，塔中所有的空氣可上升並參與精餾，分離效果變高，因此，整體來說，根據本發明之方法係尤其有利的。整合式熱交換器之精確佈置係視個別情況之邊界條件而定，且需藉由使用製程工程師之常用計算工具而為每一工廠確定。
除此以外，根據本發明之整合極大地簡化針對管道工程之設計。由於逆流低溫冷卻器因主熱交換器中之整合而給出實質上更大的截面，故提供與氣體流逆流載送之液體流最適宜的加熱表面積。熱交換器僅需支載於冷箱中且於其中以管道輸送。兩個熱交換器的集管之絕對數量減少。不必經由兩個固定點(逆流低溫冷卻器及主熱交換器)來引導來自冷箱頂部之氣體流(至渦輪機之剩餘氣體、產物氮氣、來自渦輪機之剩餘氣體)。可省去膨脹迴路；整合法允許管道具有最小管應力。
主熱交換器與逆流低溫冷卻器之整合當然有別於具有兩個或更多個用於氮氣/氧氣分離之塔的空氣分離方法。然而，此方法先前尚未被應用於初始提及類型之方法，此因極長的整合式熱交換器之製造費用於單塔方法中看起來不係很合理。避免空氣預液化之令人吃驚之效果係先前未知的。
原則上，任何熱交換器類型均可用作根據本發明之方法中之整合式熱交換器，例如螺旋管熱交換器或直管交換器。然而，使用板式熱交換器，特定言之銅焊鋁板熱交換器係尤其有利的。在此情況下，整合式熱交換器係由一單板式熱交換器塊形成。
若單塔構成蒸餾塔系統之唯一蒸餾塔，則尤其節省成本。
如於專利申請範圍4中所詳細闡述，為產生製冷能力，可使另一含氧氣之餾份膨脹，產生功。整合式熱交換器亦用於低溫冷卻該另一含氧氣之餾份，因為該另一含氧之液態餾份於逆流低溫冷卻器中冷卻，然後蒸發。根據本發明之整合可將該另一含氧之液態餾份引入高於空氣去除溫度之熱交換器。溫差例如為0.2至5 K。此避免預先液化。
此外，在產生功之膨脹之前，使經蒸發之另一含氧氣之餾份於整合式熱交換器中與空氣逆流地受熱。
另一含氧氣之餾份可例如具有與再循環餾份相同之組成。在此情況下，可將兩餾份以共同管線及通道引入，直至頂部冷凝器之後。
或者，含氧氣之再循環餾份可於位於高於去除該另一含氧氣之餾份之點處之至少一理論或實際板之中間點處自單塔去除。在此情況下，於頂部冷凝器中及可能於逆流低溫冷卻器中須提供給兩餾份分離管線與分離通道。
有利地，將膨脹機(21)機械地耦合至再壓縮機(31)。結果，於產生功之膨脹期間獲得之機械能用於再壓縮。此較佳係驅動再壓縮機之唯一能源。
若將再壓縮機(30)建構為冷壓縮機，則有利。此處，「冷壓縮機」應理解為意指一種待壓縮之氣體於明顯低於周溫，通常低於250 K，較佳低於200 K之溫度下注入之裝置。
於根據本發明之方法中，若於整合式熱交換器中先冷卻經再壓縮之再循環餾份，然後引入單塔下段，則亦有利，該經再壓縮之再循環餾份係自整合式熱交換器以完全氣態形式排出並以完全氣態形式引入單塔中。因此，再循環餾份亦可免於預先液化並完全以上升蒸汽參與單塔中之精餾。因此，完全避免單塔之兩進料流預先液化，即進料空氣及再循環餾份。
本發明另係關於一種根據專利申請範圍10之裝置。
藉由使用圖中概要闡述之例示性實施例更詳盡闡述本發明及本發明之進一步細節。
藉由一空氣壓縮機3經由一過濾器2接收大氣空氣1，且將其壓縮至6至20 bar，較佳約9 bar之絕對壓力。在流經再冷卻器4及水分離器5後，於清洗器件7中清洗經壓縮之空氣6。該清洗器件7具有一對充有較佳係分子篩之吸收材料之容器。於主熱交換器9中將經清洗之空氣8冷卻至稍高於露點並最終以完全氣態進料空氣流11之形式引入單塔12中。
單塔12(頂部)之操作壓力係6至20 bar，較佳約9 bar。其頂部冷凝器係使用含氧氣之再循環餾份18a、18b及另一含氧氣之餾份14a、14b來冷卻。該另一含氧氣之餾份14a係自單塔12之底部排出，該再循環餾份18a係自進一步上方之若干實際或理論板之中間點排出。在將14b、18b進料至頂部冷凝器13之前，於逆流低溫冷凝器100中冷卻餾份14a、18a，根據本發明之主熱交換器9與逆流低溫冷卻器100係由一整合式熱交換器101形成，該整合熱交換器101此處係以單板式熱交換器塊之形式實施。原則上，應選擇流14a自單塔12之出口(更確切言之塔底液位)與進入整合式熱交換器101之入口之間的高度差，以使因膨脹造成之氣體比率低於5體積%。反之，若氣體比率高於5體積%，則必須在進入通道之入口上方之整個區域之集管中安裝穿孔板，選擇其壓力損失以使氣泡分佈於所有通道。然後將兩相混合物引入整合式熱交換器中，先橫越其他流(可能具有一或多個偏離)，其中氣體部份係完全冷凝，即相鄰通道在每一操作情況下相對更冷。
作為來自單塔12之主產物，氣態氮15、16a於塔頂排出並以第一再循環流之形式引入一組通道102，其自整合式熱交換器之冷端流至熱端。於該方法中，在逆流低溫冷卻器100區域中之再循環流與兩含氧氣之餾份14a、18a進行間接熱交換，然後於主熱交換器9之區域中，與進料空氣流8進行間接熱交換。經由管線17，其最終以氣態加壓產物(PGAN)之形式於近周溫下排出。
於頂部冷凝器13中使氣態氮15之其餘部分16b完全或大體上完全冷凝。來自頂部冷凝器13之冷凝物52之部份53可以液氮產物(PLIN)之形式獲得；使其餘部分54以回流之形式流入單塔之頂部。經由淨化管線90可排出未冷凝成份。
在頂部冷凝器13中在2至9 bar，較佳約4 bar之壓力下蒸發再循環餾份18b，且其經由管線29以氣態形式流入冷壓縮機30，在該冷壓縮機中，其經再壓縮至接近足以使其回料至單塔中之壓力。於逆流低溫冷卻器100中再次將經再壓縮之再循環餾份31冷卻至塔溫，並經由管線32再次以完全氣態之形式進料至單塔12之底端。
於頂部冷凝器13中在2至9 bar，較佳約4 bar之壓力下蒸發另一含氧氣之餾份14b，且其以氣態形式經由管線19流向整合式熱交換器101之冷端。於逆流低溫冷卻器100中，其與兩含氧之液態餾份14a、18a進行間接熱交換，然後於主熱交換器9中，與進料空氣流8進行間接熱交換。於中等溫度下，再次將其自主熱交換器9(管線20)移除並於膨脹機21(實例中建構為渦輪膨脹機)中膨脹至超大氣壓之約300 mbar，產生功。該膨脹機機械地耦合至冷壓縮機30及制動器件22，該制動器件於例示性實施例中係由沖油式制動器形成。於整合式熱交換器101中將膨脹的另一餾份23加熱至約周溫。將另一熱餾份24吹入大氣(管線25)及/或作為再生氣體26、27用於清洗器件7，可能地接著於加熱器件28中用於加熱。
於例示性實施例中，將頂部冷凝器13建構為強制流動蒸發器。或者，可使用浴鍋蒸發器或降膜式蒸發器。
1‧‧‧大氣空氣
2‧‧‧過濾器
3‧‧‧空氣壓縮機
4‧‧‧再冷卻器
5‧‧‧水分離器
6‧‧‧經壓縮之進料空氣流
7‧‧‧清洗器件
8‧‧‧經壓縮之進料空氣流
9‧‧‧主熱交換器
11‧‧‧經冷卻之進料空氣流
12‧‧‧單塔
13‧‧‧頂部冷凝器
14a‧‧‧另一含氧之餾份
14b‧‧‧另一含氧之餾份
15‧‧‧富集氮之餾份
16‧‧‧第一回流
16b‧‧‧富集氮之餾份之至少一部份
17‧‧‧管線
18a‧‧‧液態再循環餾份
18b‧‧‧經冷卻之再循環餾份
19‧‧‧經蒸發之另一含氧氣之餾份
20‧‧‧管線
21‧‧‧膨脹機
22‧‧‧制動器件
23‧‧‧第一回流
24‧‧‧另一熱餾份
25‧‧‧管線
26‧‧‧再生氣體
27‧‧‧再生氣體
28‧‧‧加熱器件
29‧‧‧經蒸發之再循環餾份
30‧‧‧再壓縮機
31‧‧‧經再壓縮之再循環餾份
32‧‧‧經再壓縮之再循環餾份
52‧‧‧富集氮之液態餾份
53‧‧‧富集氮之液態餾份之一部份
54‧‧‧富集氮之液態餾份之至少一部份
90‧‧‧淨化管線
100‧‧‧逆流低溫冷卻器
101‧‧‧整合式熱交換器
102‧‧‧通道
圖1展示本發明用於蒸餾塔系統中低溫分離空氣之方法及裝置。
1．．．大氣空氣
2．．．過濾器
3．．．空氣壓縮機
4．．．再冷卻器
5．．．水分離器
6．．．經壓縮之進料空氣流
7．．．清洗器件
8．．．經壓縮之進料空氣流
9．．．主熱交換器
11．．．經冷卻之進料空氣流
12．．．單塔
13．．．頂部冷凝器
14a．．．另一含氧之餾份
14b．．．另一含氧之餾份
15．．．富集氮之餾份
16．．．第一回流
16b．．．富集氮之餾份之至少一部份
17．．．管線
18a．．．液態再循環餾份
18b．．．經冷卻之再循環餾份
19．．．經蒸發之另一含氧氣之餾份
20．．．管線
21．．．膨脹機
22．．．制動器件
23．．．第一回流
24．．．另一熱餾份
25．．．管線
26．．．再生氣體
27．．．再生氣體
28．．．加熱器件
29．．．經蒸發之再循環餾份
30．．．再壓縮機
31．．．經再壓縮之再循環餾份
32．．．經再壓縮之再循環餾份
52．．．富集氮之液態餾份
53．．．富集氮之液態餾份之一部份
54．．．富集氮之液態餾份之至少一部份
90．．．淨化管線
100．．．逆流低溫冷卻器
101．．．整合式熱交換器
102．．．通道

Claims (10)

  1. 一種於具有至少一單塔之蒸餾塔系統中進行低溫空氣分離之方法，該方法包括：於一主熱交換器中，冷卻與來自該蒸餾塔系統之一第一回流逆流之經壓縮之進料空氣流，將經冷卻之進料空氣流引入該單塔中，自該單塔之上段移除一富集氮之餾分，於經建構為冷凝器-蒸發器之頂部冷凝器中，冷凝富集氮之該餾份)之至少一部份，自該頂部冷凝器-蒸發器中之經冷凝之富集氮之液態餾份之至少一部份以回流之形式引入該單塔中，將含氧之再循環餾份以液體形式自該單塔排出，於一逆流低溫冷卻器中冷卻該含氧之再循環餾份，於該頂部冷凝器-蒸發器中蒸發經冷卻之含氧之再循環餾份，於一再壓縮機中再壓縮經蒸發之含氧之再循環餾份，且將經再壓縮之再循環餾份引入該單塔之下段，其中該主熱交換器及該逆流低溫冷卻器係形成一整合式熱交換器，該整合式熱交換器具有用於該第一回流之一第一組通道，該第一回流自該整合式熱交換器之冷端延伸至該整合式熱交換器之熱端， 該第一回流係經引至該整合式熱交換器之該第一組通道之冷端，並流經該整合式熱交換器至該整合式熱交換器之熱端，且於流經該整合式熱交換器時，該第一回流係與該液態再循環餾份及該進料空氣流兩者進行間接熱交換，該經冷卻的進料空氣流以完全氣態形式自該整合式熱交換器排出，並以完全氣態形式注入該單塔中，且先於該整合式熱交換器之低溫冷卻器中冷卻該經再壓縮蒸發之含氧之再循環餾份，然後再將其引入該單塔之下段。
  2. 如請求項1之方法，其中該整合式熱交換器係一單板式熱交換器塊。
  3. 如請求項1或2之方法，其中該單塔係該蒸餾塔系統之唯一蒸餾塔。
  4. 如請求項1或2之方法，其進一步包含：將另一含氧之餾份以液體形式自該單塔排出，於該整合式熱交換器中，冷卻該另一含氧之液態餾份，於該頂部冷凝器-蒸發器中蒸發經冷卻之該另一含氧之液態餾份，於該整合式熱交換器中，加熱與空氣逆流之經蒸發之該另一含氧之餾份，且於一膨脹機中，使經加熱蒸發之該另一含氧之餾份膨脹，而產生功，其中 經引入至該整合式熱交換器中之該另一含氧之液態餾份之溫度係較自該整合式熱交換器排出之經冷卻的進料空氣流之溫度高。
  5. 如請求項4之方法，其中該含氧之再循環餾份係於位於高於自該單塔去除該另一含氧之餾份之點之至少一理論或實際板之中間點處自該單塔去除。
  6. 如請求項4之方法，其中該膨脹機係機械地耦合於該再壓縮機。
  7. 如請求項1或2之方法，其中該再壓縮機係經建構為一冷壓縮機。
  8. 如請求項1或2之方法，其中先於該整合式熱交換器中冷卻該經再壓縮之再循環餾份，然後再將其引入該單塔之下段，且該經再壓縮之再循環餾份係以完全氣態形式自該整合式熱交換器排出，並以完全氣態形式注入該單塔。
  9. 如請求項1之方法，其中該頂部冷凝器為強制流動蒸發器。
  10. 一種於蒸餾塔系統中進行低溫空氣分離之裝置，其包括：至少一單塔一用於冷卻與來自該蒸餾塔系統之一第一回流逆流之經壓縮之進料空氣流之主熱交換器，用於將經冷卻之進料空氣流引入該單塔之構件，用於移除自該單塔之上段之富集氮餾份之構件， 用於冷凝富集氮之該餾份之至少一部份的頂部冷凝器-蒸發器，用於將自該頂部冷凝器-蒸發器中產生之經冷凝之富集氮之餾份以回流之形式引入該單塔之構件，用於自該單塔排出含氧之液態再循環餾份之構件，用於冷卻液態再循環餾份之逆流低溫冷卻器，用於將經冷卻之再循環餾份引入該頂部冷凝器-蒸發器中之構件，用於壓縮來自該頂部冷凝器-蒸發器之經蒸發之再循環餾份之再壓縮機，及用於將經再壓縮蒸發含氧之再循環餾份引入至該低溫冷卻器之構件，及用於將經冷卻、經再壓縮之再循環餾份自該低溫冷卻器引入該單塔之下段之構件，其中該主熱交換器與該逆流低溫冷卻器係形成一整合式熱交換器，該整合式熱交換器具有用於該第一回流之一第一組通道，該第一回流自該整合式熱交換器之冷端延伸至該整合式熱交換器之熱端，該整合式熱交換器之冷端連接至用於將該第一回流引入該第一組通道之構件，該整合式熱交換器之熱端連接至用於自該第一組通道排出該第一回流之構件， 該整合式熱交換器係以在操作該裝置期間，使該第一回流與該液態再循環餾份及該進料空氣流兩者進行間接熱交換之方式建構，及該整合式熱交換器中之通道係在操作期間，將經冷卻之進料空氣流以完全氣態形式自該整合式熱交換器排出，並以完全氣態形式注入單塔中之方式佈置。
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