JP4451438B2 - 窒素製造方法及び装置 - Google Patents
窒素製造方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4451438B2 JP4451438B2 JP2006355080A JP2006355080A JP4451438B2 JP 4451438 B2 JP4451438 B2 JP 4451438B2 JP 2006355080 A JP2006355080 A JP 2006355080A JP 2006355080 A JP2006355080 A JP 2006355080A JP 4451438 B2 JP4451438 B2 JP 4451438B2
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 311
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 85
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 235
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 235
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 235
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 217
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 142
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011027 product recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04424—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system without thermally coupled high and low pressure columns, i.e. a so-called split columns
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04624—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using integrated mass and heat exchange, so-called non-adiabatic rectification, e.g. dephlegmator, reflux exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/04—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/20—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in an elevated pressure multiple column system wherein the lowest pressure column is at a pressure well above the minimum pressure needed to overcome pressure drop to reject the products to atmosphere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/50—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using multiple (re-)boiler-condensers at different heights of the column
- F25J2200/54—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using multiple (re-)boiler-condensers at different heights of the column in the low pressure column of a double pressure main column system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/20—Boiler-condenser with multiple exchanger cores in parallel or with multiple re-boiling or condensing streams
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Description
Claims (8)
- 原料空気を深冷液化分離して製品窒素を採取する窒素製造方法において、圧縮、精製、冷却した第1原料空気を低温蒸留して第1窒素ガスと第1酸素富化液化流体とに分離する第1分離工程と、前記第1酸素富化液化流体を減圧後に、後述の第1酸素富化ガス流体の全量との低温蒸留によって第2原料空気と第2酸素富化液化流体とに分離する第2分離工程と、前記第2酸素富化液化流体の一部と前記第1窒素ガスの一部とを間接熱交換させて第1窒素ガスを凝縮液化して第1液化窒素を得ると同時に第2酸素富化液化流体の一部を蒸発ガス化して第1酸素富化ガス流体を得る第1間接熱交換工程と、前記第2原料空気を低温蒸留して第2窒素ガスと第3酸素富化液化流体とに分離する第3分離工程と、前記第2窒素ガスの一部と減圧後の前記第3酸素富化液化流体とを間接熱交換させて第2窒素ガスを凝縮液化して第2液化窒素を得ると同時に第3酸素富化液化流体を蒸発ガス化して第2酸素富化ガス流体を得る第2間接熱交換工程と、前記第2酸素富化液化流体の残部を減圧後に前記第1窒素ガスの残部の一部と間接熱交換させて第1窒素ガスを凝縮液化して第3液化窒素を得ると同時に第2酸素富化液化流体の全量を蒸発ガス化して第3酸素富化ガス流体を得る第3間接熱交換工程と、前記第1窒素ガスの残部を熱回収後に第1製品窒素ガスとして導出する第1製品回収工程と、前記第2窒素ガスの残部を熱回収後に第2製品窒素ガスとして導出する第2製品回収工程と、を含むことを特徴とする窒素製造方法。
- 前記第2分離工程と第1間接熱交換工程とは、内部熱交換型精留塔で行うことを特徴とする請求項1記載の窒素製造方法。
- 前記第2分離工程の低温蒸留は、1回の気液平衡のみで行うことを特徴とする請求項1記載の窒素製造方法。
- 原料空気を深冷液化分離して製品窒素を採取する窒素製造方法において、圧縮、精製、冷却した第1原料空気を低温蒸留して第1窒素ガスと第1酸素富化液化流体とに分離する第1分離工程と、前記第1窒素ガスの一部と減圧後の前記第1酸素富化液化流体とを間接熱交換させて第1窒素ガスを凝縮液化して第1液化窒素を得ると同時に第1酸素富化液化流体の一部を蒸発ガス化して第1酸素富化気液混相流体を得る第1間接熱交換工程と、前記第1酸素富化気液混相流体を1回の気液平衡のみで第2原料空気と第2酸素富化液化流体とに分離する第2分離工程と、前記第2原料空気を低温蒸留して第2窒素ガスと第3酸素富化液化流体とに分離する第3分離工程と、前記第2窒素ガスの一部と減圧後の前記第3酸素富化液化流体とを間接熱交換させて第2窒素ガスを凝縮液化して第2液化窒素を得ると同時に第3酸素富化液化流体を蒸発ガス化して第2酸素富化ガス流体を得る第2間接熱交換工程と、減圧後の前記第2酸素富化液化流体と前記第1窒素ガスの残部の一部とを間接熱交換させて第1窒素ガスを凝縮液化して第3液化窒素を得ると同時に第2酸素富化液化流体の全量を蒸発ガス化して第3酸素富化ガス流体を得る第3間接熱交換工程と、前記第1窒素ガスの残部を熱回収後に第1製品窒素ガスとして導出する第1製品回収工程と、前記第2窒素ガスの残部を熱回収後に第2製品窒素ガスとして導出する第2製品回収工程と、を含むことを特徴とする窒素製造方法。
- 請求項1の原料空気を深冷液化分離して製品窒素を採取する方法を実施する窒素製造装置において、圧縮、精製、冷却した第1原料空気を低温蒸留して第1窒素ガスと第1酸素富化液化流体とに分離する第1分離工程を行う精留塔と、前記第1酸素富化液化流体を減圧手段で減圧後に、後述の第1酸素富化ガス流体の全量との低温蒸留によって第2原料空気と第2酸素富化液化流体とに分離する第2分離工程を行う精留塔と、前記第2酸素富化液化流体の一部と前記第1窒素ガスの一部とを間接熱交換させて第1窒素ガスを凝縮液化して第1液化窒素を得ると同時に第2酸素富化液化流体の一部を蒸発ガス化して第1酸素富化ガス流体を得る第1間接熱交換工程を行う凝縮器と、前記第2原料空気を低温蒸留して第2窒素ガスと第3酸素富化液化流体とに分離する第3分離工程行う精留塔と、前記第2窒素ガスの一部と減圧手段で減圧後の前記第3酸素富化液化流体とを間接熱交換させて第2窒素ガスを凝縮液化して第2液化窒素を得ると同時に第3酸素富化液化流体を蒸発ガス化して第2酸素富化ガス流体を得る第2間接熱交換工程を行う凝縮器と、前記第2酸素富化液化流体の残部を減圧手段で減圧後に前記第1窒素ガスの残部の一部と間接熱交換させて第1窒素ガスを凝縮液化して第3液化窒素を得ると同時に第2酸素富化液化流体の全量を蒸発ガス化して第3酸素富化ガス流体を得る第3間接熱交換工程を行う凝縮器と、前記第1窒素ガスの残部を熱回収手段で熱回収後に第1製品窒素ガスとして導出する第1製品回収経路と、前記第2窒素ガスの残部を熱回収手段で熱回収後に第2製品窒素ガスとして導出する第2製品回収経路と、を備えていることを特徴とする窒素製造装置。
- 前記第2分離工程行う精留塔と前記第1間接熱交換工程を行う凝縮器とが内部熱交換型精留塔であることを特徴とする請求項5記載の窒素製造装置。
- 前記第2分離工程を行う精留塔は、前記第1間接熱交換工程を行う凝縮器を内蔵した気液分離器であることを特徴とする請求項5記載の窒素製造装置。
- 請求項4の原料空気を深冷液化分離して製品窒素を採取する方法を実施する窒素製造装置において、圧縮、精製、冷却した第1原料空気を低温蒸留して第1窒素ガスと第1酸素富化液化流体とに分離する第1分離工程を行う精留塔と、前記第1窒素ガスの一部と減圧手段で減圧後の前記第1酸素富化液化流体とを間接熱交換させて第1窒素ガスを凝縮液化して第1液化窒素を得ると同時に第1酸素富化液化流体の一部を蒸発ガス化して第1酸素富化気液混相流体を得る第1間接熱交換工程を行う凝縮器と、前記第1酸素富化気液混相流体を気液分離して第2原料空気と第2酸素富化液化流体とに分離する第2分離工程を行う気液分離器と、前記第2原料空気を低温蒸留して第2窒素ガスと第3酸素富化液化流体とに分離する第3分離工程を行う精留塔と、前記第2窒素ガスの一部と減圧手段で減圧後の前記第3酸素富化液化流体とを間接熱交換させて第2窒素ガスを凝縮液化して第2液化窒素を得ると同時に第3酸素富化液化流体を蒸発ガス化して第2酸素富化ガス流体を得る第2間接熱交換工程を行う凝縮器と、減圧手段で減圧後の前記第2酸素富化液化流体と前記第1窒素ガスの残部の一部とを間接熱交換させて第1窒素ガスを凝縮液化して第3液化窒素を得ると同時に第2酸素富化液化流体の全量を蒸発ガス化して第3酸素富化ガス流体を得る第3間接熱交換工程を行う凝縮器と、前記第1窒素ガスの残部を熱回収手段で熱回収後に第1製品窒素ガスとして導出する第1製品回収経路と、前記第2窒素ガスの残部を熱回収手段で熱回収後に第2製品窒素ガスとして導出する第2製品回収経路と、を備えていることを特徴とする窒素製造装置。
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